Prepare for 1.38.0 release.

Remove janet_lib_ffi() dependency on JANET_EV

.builds/freebsd.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-image: freebsd/12.x
+image: freebsd/14.x
 sources:
 - https://git.sr.ht/~bakpakin/janet
 packages:
@@ -9,3 +9,4 @@ tasks:
     gmake
     gmake test
     sudo gmake install
+    sudo gmake uninstall

.builds/linux.yml

@@ -19,3 +19,8 @@ tasks:
     ninja
     ninja test
     sudo ninja install
+- meson_min: |
+    cd janet
+    meson setup build_meson_min --buildtype=release -Dsingle_threaded=true -Dnanbox=false -Ddynamic_modules=false -Ddocstrings=false -Dnet=false -Dsourcemaps=false -Dpeg=false -Dassembler=false -Dint_types=false -Dreduced_os=true -Dffi=false
+    cd build_meson_min
+    ninja

.builds/openbsd.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-image: openbsd/latest
+image: openbsd/7.4
 sources:
 - https://git.sr.ht/~bakpakin/janet
 packages:
@@ -11,9 +11,10 @@ tasks:
     gmake test
     doas gmake install
     gmake test-install
+    doas gmake uninstall
 - meson_min: |
     cd janet
-    meson setup build_meson_min --buildtype=release -Dsingle_threaded=true -Dnanbox=false -Ddynamic_modules=false -Ddocstrings=false -Dnet=false -Dsourcemaps=false -Dpeg=false -Dassembler=false -Dint_types=false -Dtyped_array=false -Dreduced_os=true
+    meson setup build_meson_min --buildtype=release -Dsingle_threaded=true -Dnanbox=false -Ddynamic_modules=false -Ddocstrings=false -Dnet=false -Dsourcemaps=false -Dpeg=false -Dassembler=false -Dint_types=false -Dreduced_os=true -Dffi=false
     cd build_meson_min
     ninja
 - meson_prf: |
@@ -29,4 +30,3 @@ tasks:
     ninja
     ninja test
     doas ninja install
-

.gitattributes

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-*.janet linguist-language=Clojure
-
+*.janet linguist-language=Janet
 *.janet text eol=lf
 *.c text eol=lf
 *.h text eol=lf

.github/cosmo/build

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+set -eux
+
+COSMO_DIR="/sc/cosmocc"
+
+# build x86_64
+X86_64_CC="/sc/cosmocc/bin/x86_64-unknown-cosmo-cc"
+X86_64_AR="/sc/cosmocc/bin/x86_64-unknown-cosmo-ar"
+mkdir -p /sc/cosmocc/x86_64
+make -j CC="$X86_64_CC" AR="$X86_64_AR" HAS_SHARED=0 JANET_NO_AMALG=1
+cp build/janet /sc/cosmocc/x86_64/janet
+make clean
+
+# build aarch64
+AARCH64_CC="/sc/cosmocc/bin/aarch64-unknown-cosmo-cc"
+AARCH64_AR="/sc/cosmocc/bin/aarch64-unknown-cosmo-ar"
+mkdir -p /sc/cosmocc/aarch64
+make -j CC="$AARCH64_CC" AR="$AARCH64_AR" HAS_SHARED=0 JANET_NO_AMALG=1
+cp build/janet /sc/cosmocc/aarch64/janet
+make clean
+
+# fat binary
+apefat () {
+    OUTPUT="$1"
+    OLDNAME_X86_64="$(basename -- "$2")"
+    OLDNAME_AARCH64="$(basename -- "$3")"
+    TARG_FOLD="$(dirname "$OUTPUT")"
+    "$COSMO_DIR/bin/apelink" -l "$COSMO_DIR/bin/ape-x86_64.elf" \
+        -l "$COSMO_DIR/bin/ape-aarch64.elf" \
+        -M "$COSMO_DIR/bin/ape-m1.c" \
+        -o "$OUTPUT" \
+        "$2" \
+        "$3"
+    cp "$2" "$TARG_FOLD/$OLDNAME_X86_64.x86_64"
+    cp "$3" "$TARG_FOLD/$OLDNAME_AARCH64.aarch64"
+}
+
+apefat /sc/cosmocc/janet.com /sc/cosmocc/x86_64/janet /sc/cosmocc/aarch64/janet

.github/cosmo/setup

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+set -e
+
+sudo apt update
+sudo apt-get install -y ca-certificates libssl-dev\
+    qemu qemu-utils qemu-user-static\
+    texinfo groff\
+    cmake ninja-build bison zip\
+    pkg-config build-essential autoconf re2c
+
+# download cosmocc
+cd /sc
+wget https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/releases/download/3.3.3/cosmocc-3.3.3.zip
+mkdir -p cosmocc
+cd cosmocc
+unzip ../cosmocc-3.3.3.zip
+
+# register
+cd /sc/cosmocc
+sudo cp ./bin/ape-x86_64.elf /usr/bin/ape
+sudo sh -c "echo ':APE:M::MZqFpD::/usr/bin/ape:' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register"

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+name: "CodeQL"
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ "master" ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ "master" ]
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "2 7 * * 4"
+
+jobs:
+  analyze:
+    name: Analyze
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+      security-events: write
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        language: [ cpp ]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - name: Initialize CodeQL
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
+        with:
+          languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
+          queries: +security-and-quality
+          tools: linked
+
+      - name: Autobuild
+        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v3
+
+      - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3
+        with:
+          category: "/language:${{ matrix.language }}"

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -5,14 +5,19 @@ on:
     tags:
       - "v*.*.*"
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
 
   release:
+    permissions:
+      contents: write  # for softprops/action-gh-release to create GitHub release
     name: Build release binaries
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ ubuntu-latest, macos-latest ]
+        os: [ ubuntu-latest, macos-13 ]
     steps:
       - name: Checkout the repository
         uses: actions/checkout@master
@@ -33,3 +38,81 @@ jobs:
             build/janet.h
             build/c/janet.c
             build/c/shell.c
+
+  release-arm:
+    permissions:
+      contents: write  # for softprops/action-gh-release to create GitHub release
+    name: Build release binaries
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ macos-latest ]
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout the repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@master
+      - name: Set the version
+        run: echo "version=${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\//}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: Set the platform
+        run: echo "platform=$(tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]' <<< $RUNNER_OS)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: Compile the project
+        run: make clean && make
+      - name: Build the artifact
+        run: JANET_DIST_DIR=janet-${{ env.version }}-${{ env.platform }} make build/janet-${{ env.version }}-${{ env.platform }}-aarch64.tar.gz
+      - name: Draft the release
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
+        with:
+          draft: true
+          files: |
+            build/*.gz
+            build/janet.h
+            build/c/janet.c
+            build/c/shell.c
+
+  release-windows:
+    permissions:
+      contents: write  # for softprops/action-gh-release to create GitHub release
+    name: Build release binaries for windows
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout the repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@master
+      - name: Setup MSVC
+        uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
+      - name: Build the project
+        shell: cmd
+        run: build_win all
+      - name: Draft the release
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
+        with:
+          draft: true
+          files: |
+            ./dist/*.zip
+            ./*.zip
+            ./*.msi
+
+  release-cosmo:
+    permissions:
+      contents: write  # for softprops/action-gh-release to create GitHub release
+    name: Build release binaries for Cosmo
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout the repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@master
+      - name: create build folder
+        run: |
+          sudo mkdir -p /sc
+          sudo chmod -R 0777 /sc
+      - name: setup Cosmopolitan Libc
+        run: bash ./.github/cosmo/setup
+      - name: Set the version
+        run: echo "version=${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\//}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: Set the platform
+        run: echo "platform=cosmo" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: build Janet APE binary
+        run: bash ./.github/cosmo/build
+      - name: push binary to github
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
+        with:
+          draft: true
+          files: |
+            /sc/cosmocc/janet.com

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ name: Test
 
 on: [push, pull_request]
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
 
   test-posix:
@@ -9,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ ubuntu-latest, macos-latest ]
+        os: [ ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, macos-13 ]
     steps:
       - name: Checkout the repository
         uses: actions/checkout@master
@@ -20,7 +23,10 @@ jobs:
 
   test-windows:
     name: Build and test on Windows
-    runs-on: windows-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ windows-latest, windows-2019 ]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout the repository
         uses: actions/checkout@master
@@ -32,3 +38,101 @@ jobs:
       - name: Test the project
         shell: cmd
         run: build_win test
+      - name: Test installer build
+        shell: cmd
+        run: build_win dist
+
+  test-windows-min:
+    name: Build and test on Windows Minimal build
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ windows-2019 ]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout the repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@master
+      - name: Setup MSVC
+        uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
+      - name: Setup Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+      - name: Install Python Dependencies
+        run: pip install meson ninja
+      - name: Build
+        shell: cmd
+        run: |
+          meson setup build_meson_min --buildtype=release -Dsingle_threaded=true -Dnanbox=false -Ddynamic_modules=false -Ddocstrings=false -Dnet=false -Dsourcemaps=false -Dpeg=false -Dassembler=false -Dint_types=false -Dreduced_os=true -Dffi=false
+          cd build_meson_min
+          ninja
+
+  test-mingw:
+    name: Build on Windows with Mingw
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: msys2 {0}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        msystem: [ UCRT64, CLANG64 ]
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout the repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@master
+      - name: Setup Mingw
+        uses: msys2/setup-msys2@v2
+        with:
+          msystem: ${{ matrix.msystem }}
+          update: true
+          install: >-
+            base-devel
+            git
+            gcc
+      - name: Build
+        shell: cmd
+        run: make -j4 CC=gcc
+      - name: Test
+        shell: cmd
+        run: make -j4 CC=gcc test
+
+  test-mingw-linux:
+    name: Build and test with Mingw on Linux + Wine
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout the repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@master
+      - name: Setup Mingw and wine
+        run: |
+          sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install libstdc++6:i386 libgcc-s1:i386
+          sudo apt-get install gcc-mingw-w64-x86-64-win32 wine wine32 wine64
+      - name: Compile the project
+        run: make clean && make CC=x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc LD=x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc UNAME=MINGW RUN=wine
+      - name: Test the project
+        run: make test UNAME=MINGW RUN=wine VERBOSE=1
+
+  test-arm-linux:
+    name: Build and test ARM32 cross compilation
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout the repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@master
+      - name: Setup qemu and cross compiler
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi qemu-user
+      - name: Compile the project
+        run: make RUN="qemu-arm -L /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/" CC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc LD=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc
+      - name: Test the project
+        run: make RUN="qemu-arm -L /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/" SUBRUN="qemu-arm -L /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/" test VERBOSE=1
+
+  test-s390x-linux:
+    name: Build and test s390x in qemu
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout the repository
+      uses: actions/checkout@master
+    - name: Enable qemu
+      run: docker run --privileged --rm tonistiigi/binfmt --install s390x
+    - name: Build and run on emulated architecture
+      run: docker run --rm -v .:/janet --platform linux/s390x alpine sh -c "apk update && apk add --no-interactive git build-base && cd /janet && make -j3 && make test"

.gitignore

@@ -34,7 +34,11 @@ local
 
 # Common test files I use.
 temp.janet
+temp.c
+temp*janet
+temp*.c
 scratch.janet
+scratch.c
 
 # Emscripten
 *.bc
@@ -44,6 +48,8 @@ janet.wasm
 # Generated files
 *.gen.h
 *.gen.c
+*.tmp
+temp.*
 
 # Generate test files
 *.out
@@ -56,6 +62,7 @@ xxd.exe
 # VSCode
 .vs
 .clangd
+.cache
 
 # Swap files
 *.swp
@@ -67,10 +74,13 @@ tags
 vgcore.*
 *.out.*
 
-# Wix artifacts
+# WiX artifacts
 *.msi
 *.wixpdb
 
+# Makefile config
+/config.mk
+
 # Created by https://www.gitignore.io/api/c
 
 ### C ###
@@ -118,6 +128,9 @@ vgcore.*
 *.idb
 *.pdb
 
+# GGov
+*.gcov
+
 # Kernel Module Compile Results
 *.mod*
 *.cmd
@@ -126,6 +139,9 @@ Module.symvers
 Mkfile.old
 dkms.conf
 
+# Coverage files
+*.cov
+
 # End of https://www.gitignore.io/api/c
 
 # Created by https://www.gitignore.io/api/cmake

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,6 +1,308 @@
 # Changelog
 All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 
+## 1.38.0 - 2025-03-18
+- Add `bundle/replace`
+- Add CLI flags for the `bundle/` module to install and manage bundles.
+- Improve `?` peg special termination behavior
+- Add IEEE hex floats to grammar.
+- Add buffer peg literal support
+- Improve `split` peg special edge case behavior
+- Add Arm64 .msi support
+- Add `no-reuse` argument to `net/listen` to disable reusing server sockets
+- Add `struct/rawget`
+- Fix `deep=` and `deep-not=` to better handle degenerate cases with mutable table keys
+- Long strings will now dedent on `\r\n` instead of just `\n`.
+- Add `ev/to-file` for synchronous resource operations
+- Improve `file/open` error message by including path
+
+## 1.37.1 - 2024-12-05
+- Fix meson cross compilation
+- Update timeout documentation for networking APIs: timeouts raise errors and do not return nil.
+- Add `janet_addtimeout_nil(double sec);` to the C API.
+- Change string hashing.
+- Fix string equality bug.
+- Add `assertf`
+- Change how JANET_PROFILE is loaded to allow more easily customizing the environment.
+- Add `*repl-prompt*` dynamic binding to allow customizing the built in repl.
+- Add multiple path support in the `JANET_PATH` environment variables. This lets
+  user more easily import modules from many directories.
+- Add `nth` and `only-tags` PEG specials to select from sub-captures while
+  dropping the rest.
+
+## 1.36.0 - 2024-09-07
+- Improve error messages in `bundle/add*` functions.
+- Add CI testing and verify tests pass on the s390x architecture.
+- Save `:source-form` in environment entries when `*debug*` is set.
+- Add experimental `filewatch/` module for listening to file system changes on Linux and Windows.
+- Add `bundle/who-is` to query which bundle a file on disk was installed by.
+- Add `geomean` function
+- Add `:R` and `:W` flags to `os/pipe` to create blocking pipes on Posix and Windows systems.
+  These streams cannot be directly read to and written from, but can be passed to subprocesses.
+- Add `array/join`
+- Add `tuple/join`
+- Add `bundle/add-bin` to make installing scripts easier. This also establishes a packaging convention for it.
+- Fix marshalling weak tables and weak arrays.
+- Fix bug in `ev/` module that could accidentally close sockets on accident.
+- Expose C functions for constructing weak tables in janet.h
+- Let range take non-integer values.
+
+## 1.35.2 - 2024-06-16
+- Fix some documentation typos.
+- Allow using `:only` in import without quoting.
+
+## 1.35.0 - 2024-06-15
+- Add `:only` argument to `import` to allow for easier control over imported bindings.
+- Add extra optional `env` argument to `eval` and `eval-string`.
+- Allow naming function literals with a keyword. This allows better stacktraces for macros without
+  accidentally adding new bindings.
+- Add `bundle/` module for managing packages within Janet. This should replace the jpm packaging
+  format eventually and is much simpler and amenable to more complicated builds.
+- Add macros `ev/with-lock`, `ev/with-rlock`, and `ev/with-wlock` for using mutexes and rwlocks.
+- Add `with-env`
+- Add *module-make-env* dynamic binding
+- Add buffer/format-at
+- Add long form command line options for readable CLI usage
+- Fix bug with `net/accept-loop` that would sometimes miss connections.
+
+## 1.34.0 - 2024-03-22
+- Add a new (split) PEG special by @ianthehenry
+- Add buffer/push-* sized int and float by @pnelson
+- Documentation improvements: @amano-kenji, @llmII, @MaxGyver83, @pepe, @sogaiu.
+- Expose _exit to skip certain cleanup with os/exit.
+- Swap set / body order for each by @sogaiu.
+- Abort on assert failure instead of exit.
+- Fix: os/proc-wait by @llmII.
+- Fix macex1 to keep syntax location for all tuples.
+- Restore if-let tail calls.
+- Don't try and resume fibers that can't be resumed.
+- Register stream on unmarshal.
+- Fix asm roundtrip issue.
+
+## 1.33.0 - 2024-01-07
+- Add more + and * keywords to default-peg-grammar by @sogaiu.
+- Use libc strlen in janet_buffer_push_cstring by @williewillus.
+- Be a bit safer with reference counting.
+- Add support for atomic loads in Janet's atomic abstraction.
+- Fix poll event loop CPU usage issue.
+- Add ipv6, shared, and cryptorand options to meson.
+- Add more ipv6 feature detection.
+- Fix loop for forever loop.
+- Cleaned up unused NetStateConnect, fixed janet_async_end() ev refcount by @zevv.
+- Fix warnings w/ MSVC and format.
+- Fix marshal_one_env w/ JANET_MARSHAL_UNSAFE.
+- Fix `(default)`.
+- Fix cannot marshal fiber with c stackframe, in a dynamic way that is fairly conservative.
+- Fix typo for SIGALARM in os/proc-kill.
+- Prevent bytecode optimization from remove mk* instructions.
+- Fix arity typo in peg.c by @pepe.
+- Update Makefile for MinGW.
+- Fix canceling waiting fiber.
+- Add a new (sub) PEG special by @ianthehenry.
+- Fix if net/server's handler has incorrect arity.
+- Fix macex raising on ().
+
+## 1.32.1 - 2023-10-15
+- Fix return value from C function `janet_dobytes` when called on Janet functions that yield to event loop.
+- Change C API for event loop interaction - get rid of JanetListener and instead use `janet_async_start` and `janet_async_end`.
+- Rework event loop to make fewer system calls on kqueue and epoll.
+- Expose atomic refcount abstraction in janet.h
+- Add `array/weak` for weak references in arrays
+- Add support for weak tables via `table/weak`, `table/weak-keys`, and `table/weak-values`.
+- Fix compiler bug with using the result of `(break x)` expression in some contexts.
+- Rework internal event loop code to be better behaved on Windows
+- Update meson build to work better on windows
+
+## 1.31.0 - 2023-09-17
+- Report line and column when using `janet_dobytes`
+- Add `:unless` loop modifier
+- Allow calling `reverse` on generators.
+- Improve performance of a number of core functions including `partition`, `mean`, `keys`, `values`, `pairs`, `interleave`.
+- Add `lengthable?`
+- Add `os/sigaction`
+- Change `every?` and `any?` to behave like the functional versions of the `and` and `or` macros.
+- Fix bug with garbage collecting threaded abstract types.
+- Add `:signal` to the `sandbox` function to allow intercepting signals.
+
+## 1.30.0 - 2023-08-05
+- Change indexing of `array/remove` to start from -1 at the end instead of -2.
+- Add new string escape sequences `\\a`, `\\b`, `\\?`, and `\\'`.
+- Fix bug with marshalling channels
+- Add `div` for floored division
+- Make `div` and `mod` variadic
+- Support `bnot` for integer types.
+- Define `(mod x 0)` as `x`
+- Add `ffi/pointer-cfunction` to convert pointers to cfunctions
+
+## 1.29.1 - 2023-06-19
+- Add support for passing booleans to PEGs for "always" and "never" matching.
+- Allow dictionary types for `take` and `drop`
+- Fix bug with closing channels while other fibers were waiting on them - `ev/take`, `ev/give`, and `ev/select`  will now return the correct (documented) value when another fiber closes the channel.
+- Add `ffi/calling-conventions` to show all available calling conventions for FFI.
+- Add `net/setsockopt`
+- Add `signal` argument to `os/proc-kill` to send signals besides `SIGKILL` on Posix.
+- Add `source` argument to `os/clock` to get different time sources.
+- Various combinator functions now are variadic like `map`
+- Add `file/lines` to iterate over lines in a file lazily.
+- Reorganize test suite to be sorted by module rather than pseudo-randomly.
+- Add `*task-id*`
+- Add `env` argument to `fiber/new`.
+- Add `JANET_NO_AMALG` flag to Makefile to properly incremental builds
+- Optimize bytecode compiler to generate fewer instructions and improve loops.
+- Fix bug with `ev/gather` and hung fibers.
+- Add `os/isatty`
+- Add `has-key?` and `has-value?`
+- Make imperative arithmetic macros variadic
+- `ev/connect` now yields to the event loop instead of blocking while waiting for an ACK.
+
+## 1.28.0 - 2023-05-13
+- Various bug fixes
+- Make nested short-fn's behave a bit more predictably (it is still not recommended to nest short-fns).
+- Add `os/strftime` for date formatting.
+- Fix `ev/select` on threaded channels sometimes live-locking.
+- Support the `NO_COLOR` environment variable to turn off VT100 color codes in repl (and in scripts).
+  See http://no-color.org/
+- Disallow using `(splice x)` in contexts where it doesn't make sense rather than silently coercing to `x`.
+  Instead, raise a compiler error.
+- Change the names of `:user8` and `:user9` signals to `:interrupt` and `:await`
+- Change the names of `:user8` and `:user9` fiber statuses to `:interrupted` and `:suspended`.
+- Add `ev/all-tasks` to see all currently suspended fibers.
+- Add `keep-syntax` and `keep-syntax!` functions to make writing macros easier.
+
+## 1.27.0 - 2023-03-05
+- Change semantics around bracket tuples to no longer be equal to regular tuples.
+- Add `index` argument to `ffi/write` for symmetry with `ffi/read`.
+- Add `buffer/push-at`
+- Add `ffi/pointer-buffer` to convert pointers to buffers the cannot be reallocated. This
+  allows easier manipulation of FFI memory, memory mapped files, and buffer memory shared between threads.
+- Calling `ev/cancel` on a fiber waiting on `ev/gather` will correctly
+  cancel the child fibers.
+- Add `(sandbox ...)` function to core for permission based security. Also add `janet_sandbox` to C API.
+  The sandbox allows limiting access to the file system, network, ffi, and OS resources at runtime.
+- Add `(.locals)` function to debugger to see currently bound local symbols.
+- Track symbol -> slot mapping so debugger can get symbolic information. This exposes local bindings
+  in `debug/stack` and `disasm`.
+- Add `os/compiler` to detect what host compiler was used to compile the interpreter
+- Add support for mingw and cygwin builds (mingw support also added in jpm).
+
+## 1.26.0 - 2023-01-07
+- Add `ffi/malloc` and `ffi/free`. Useful as tools of last resort.
+- Add `ffi/jitfn` to allow calling function pointers generated at runtime from machine code.
+  Bring your own assembler, though.
+- Channels can now be marshalled. Pending state is not saved, only items in the channel.
+- Use the new `.length` function pointer on abstract types for lengths. Adding
+  a `length` method will still work as well.
+- Support byte views on abstract types with the `.bytes` function pointer.
+- Add the `u` format specifier to printf family functions.
+- Allow printing 64 integer types in `printf` and `string/format` family functions.
+- Allow importing modules from custom directories more easily with the `@` prefix
+  to module paths. For example, if there is a dynamic binding :custom-modules that
+  is a file system path to a directory of modules, import from that directory with
+  `(import @custom-modules/mymod)`.
+- Fix error message bug in FFI library.
+
+## 1.25.1 - 2022-10-29
+- Add `memcmp` function to core library.
+- Fix bug in `os/open` with `:rw` permissions not correct on Linux.
+- Support config.mk for more easily configuring the Makefile.
+
+## 1.25.0 - 2022-10-10
+- Windows FFI fixes.
+- Fix PEG `if-not` combinator with captures in the condition
+- Fix bug with `os/date` with nil first argument
+- Fix bug with `net/accept` on Linux that could leak file descriptors to subprocesses
+- Reduce number of hash collisions from pointer hashing
+- Add optional parameter to `marshal` to skip cycle checking code
+
+## 1.24.1 - 2022-08-24
+- Fix FFI bug on Linux/Posix
+- Improve parse error messages for bad delimiters.
+- Add optional `name` parameter to the `short-fn` macro.
+
+## 1.24.0 - 2022-08-14
+- Add FFI support to 64-bit windows compiled with MSVC
+- Don't process shared object names passed to dlopen.
+- Add better support for windows console in the default shell.c for auto-completion and
+  other shell-like input features.
+- Improve default error message from `assert`.
+- Add the `tabseq` macro for simpler table comprehensions.
+- Allow setting `(dyn :task-id)` in fibers to improve context in supervisor messages. Prior to
+  this change, supervisor messages over threaded channels would be from ambiguous threads/fibers.
+
+## 1.23.0 - 2022-06-20
+- Add experimental `ffi/` module for interfacing with dynamic libraries and raw function pointers. Only available
+  on 64 bit linux, mac, and bsd systems.
+- Allow using `&named` in function prototypes for named arguments. This is a more ergonomic
+  variant of `&keys` that isn't as redundant, more self documenting, and allows extension to
+  things like default arguments.
+- Add `delay` macro for lazy evaluate-and-save thunks.
+- Remove pthread.h from janet.h for easier includes.
+- Add `debugger` - an easy to use debugger function that just takes a fiber.
+- `dofile` will now start a debugger on errors if the environment it is passed has `:debug` set.
+- Add `debugger-on-status` function, which can be passed to `run-context` to start a debugger on
+  abnormal fiber signals.
+- Allow running scripts with the `-d` flag to use the built-in debugger on errors and breakpoints.
+- Add mutexes (locks) and reader-writer locks to ev module for thread coordination.
+- Add `parse-all` as a generalization of the `parse` function.
+- Add `os/cpu-count` to get the number of available processors on a machine
+
+## 1.22.0 - 2022-05-09
+- Prohibit negative size argument to `table/new`.
+- Add `module/value`.
+- Remove `file/popen`. Use `os/spawn` with the `:pipe` options instead.
+- Fix bug in peg `thru` and `to` combinators.
+- Fix printing issue in `doc` macro.
+- Numerous updates to function docstrings
+- Add `defdyn` aliases for various dynamic bindings used in core.
+- Install `janet.h` symlink to make Janet native libraries and applications
+  easier to build without `jpm`.
+
+## 1.21.2 - 2022-04-01
+- C functions `janet_dobytes` and `janet_dostring` will now enter the event loop if it is enabled.
+- Fix hashing regression - hash of negative 0 must be the same as positive 0 since they are equal.
+- The `flycheck` function no longer pollutes the module/cache
+- Fix quasiquote bug in compiler
+- Disallow use of `cancel` and `resume` on fibers scheduled or created with `ev/go`, as well as the root
+  fiber.
+
+## 1.20.0 - 2022-1-27
+- Add `:missing-symbol` hook to `compile` that will act as a catch-all macro for undefined symbols.
+- Add `:redef` dynamic binding that will allow users to redefine top-level bindings with late binding. This
+  is intended for development use.
+- Fix a bug with reading from a stream returned by `os/open` on Windows and Linux.
+- Add `:ppc64` as a detectable OS type.
+- Add `& more` support for destructuring in the match macro.
+- Add `& more` support for destructuring in all binding forms (`def`).
+
+## 1.19.2 - 2021-12-06
+- Fix bug with missing status lines in some stack traces.
+- Update hash function to have better statistical properties.
+
+## 1.19.1 - 2021-12-04
+- Add an optional `prefix` parameter to `debug/stacktrace` to allow printing prettier error messages.
+- Remove appveyor for CI pipeline
+- Fixed a bug that prevented sending threaded abstracts over threaded channels.
+- Fix bug in the `map` function with arity at least 3.
+
+## 1.19.0 - 2021-11-27
+- Add `math/log-gamma` to replace `math/gamma`, and change `math/gamma` to be the expected gamma function.
+- Fix leaking file-descriptors in os/spawn and os/execute.
+- Ctrl-C will now raise SIGINT.
+- Allow quoted literals in the `match` macro to behave as expected in patterns.
+- Fix windows net related bug for TCP servers.
+- Allow evaluating ev streams with dofile.
+- Fix `ev` related bug with operations on already closed file descriptors.
+- Add struct and table agnostic `getproto` function.
+- Add a number of functions related to structs.
+- Add prototypes to structs. Structs can now inherit from other structs, just like tables.
+- Create a struct with a prototype with `struct/with-proto`.
+- Deadlocked channels will no longer exit early - instead they will hang, which is more intuitive.
+
+## 1.18.1 - 2021-10-16
+- Fix some documentation typos
+- Fix - Set pipes passed to subprocess to blocking mode.
+- Fix `-r` switch in repl.
+
 ## 1.18.0 - 2021-10-10
 - Allow `ev/cancel` to work on already scheduled fibers.
 - Fix bugs with ev/ module.
@@ -33,7 +335,7 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 - Add the ability to close channels with `ev/chan-close` (or `:close`).
 - Add threaded channels with `ev/thread-chan`.
 - Add `JANET_FN` and `JANET_REG` macros to more easily define C functions that export their source mapping information.
-- Add `janet_interpreter_interupt` and `janet_loop1_interrupt` to interrupt the interpreter while running.
+- Add `janet_interpreter_interrupt` and `janet_loop1_interrupt` to interrupt the interpreter while running.
 - Add `table/clear`
 - Add build option to disable the threading library without disabling all threads.
 - Remove JPM from the main Janet distribution. Instead, JPM must be installed
@@ -87,7 +389,7 @@ saving and restoring the entire VM state.
 - Sort keys in pretty printing output.
 
 ## 1.15.3 - 2021-02-28
-- Fix a fiber bug that occured in deeply nested fibers
+- Fix a fiber bug that occurred in deeply nested fibers
 - Add `unref` combinator to pegs.
 - Small docstring changes.
 
@@ -237,13 +539,13 @@ saving and restoring the entire VM state.
 - Add `symbol/slice`
 - Add `keyword/slice`
 - Allow cross compilation with Makefile.
-- Change `compare-primitve` to `cmp` and make it more efficient.
+- Change `compare-primitive` to `cmp` and make it more efficient.
 - Add `reverse!` for reversing an array or buffer in place.
 - `janet_dobytes` and `janet_dostring` return parse errors in \*out
 - Add `repeat` macro for iterating something n times.
 - Add `eachy` (each yield) macro for iterating a fiber.
 - Fix `:generate` verb in loop macro to accept non symbols as bindings.
-- Add `:h`, `:h+`, and `:h*` in `default-peg-grammar` for hexidecimal digits.
+- Add `:h`, `:h+`, and `:h*` in `default-peg-grammar` for hexadecimal digits.
 - Fix `%j` formatter to print numbers precisely (using the `%.17g` format string to printf).
 
 ## 1.10.1 - 2020-06-18

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ For changes to the VM and Core code, you will probably need to know C. Janet is
 a subset of C99 that works with Microsoft Visual C++. This means most of C99 but with the following
 omissions.
 
-* No `restrict` 
+* No `restrict`
 * Certain functions in the standard library are not always available
 
 In practice, this means programming for both MSVC on one hand and everything else on the other.
@@ -64,6 +64,23 @@ ensure a consistent code style for C.
 All janet code in the project should be formatted similar to the code in core.janet.
 The auto formatting from janet.vim will work well.
 
+## Typo Fixing and One-Line changes
+
+Typo fixes are welcome, as are simple one line fixes. Do not open many separate pull requests for each
+individual typo fix. This is incredibly annoying to deal with as someone needs to review each PR, run
+CI, and merge. Instead, accumulate batches of typo fixes into a single PR. If there are objections to
+specific changes, these can be addressed in the review process before the final merge, if the changes
+are accepted.
+
+Similarly, low effort and bad faith changes are annoying to developers and such issues may be closed
+immediately without response.
+
+## Contributions from Automated Tools
+
+People making changes found or generated by automated tools MUST note this when opening an issue
+or creating a pull request. This can help give context to developers if the change/issue is
+confusing or nonsensical.
+
 ## Suggesting Changes
 
 To suggest changes, open an issue on GitHub. Check GitHub for other issues

LICENSE

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose and contributors
+Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose and contributors
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
 this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in

Makefile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+# Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -21,61 +21,106 @@
 ################################
 ##### Set global variables #####
 ################################
-
+sinclude config.mk
 PREFIX?=/usr/local
 
+JANETCONF_HEADER?=src/conf/janetconf.h
 INCLUDEDIR?=$(PREFIX)/include
 BINDIR?=$(PREFIX)/bin
 LIBDIR?=$(PREFIX)/lib
 JANET_BUILD?="\"$(shell git log --pretty=format:'%h' -n 1 2> /dev/null || echo local)\""
 CLIBS=-lm -lpthread
 JANET_TARGET=build/janet
+JANET_BOOT=build/janet_boot
+JANET_IMPORT_LIB=build/janet.lib
+JANET_LIBRARY_IMPORT_LIB=build/libjanet.lib
 JANET_LIBRARY=build/libjanet.so
 JANET_STATIC_LIBRARY=build/libjanet.a
 JANET_PATH?=$(LIBDIR)/janet
 JANET_MANPATH?=$(PREFIX)/share/man/man1/
 JANET_PKG_CONFIG_PATH?=$(LIBDIR)/pkgconfig
 JANET_DIST_DIR?=janet-dist
+JANET_BOOT_FLAGS:=. JANET_PATH '$(JANET_PATH)'
+JANET_TARGET_OBJECTS=build/janet.o build/shell.o
 JPM_TAG?=master
+SPORK_TAG?=master
+HAS_SHARED?=1
 DEBUGGER=gdb
 SONAME_SETTER=-Wl,-soname,
 
 # For cross compilation
 HOSTCC?=$(CC)
 HOSTAR?=$(AR)
-CFLAGS?=-O2
+# Symbols are (optionally) removed later, keep -g as default!
+CFLAGS?=-O2 -g
 LDFLAGS?=-rdynamic
+LIBJANET_LDFLAGS?=$(LD_FLAGS)
+RUN:=$(RUN)
+
 
 COMMON_CFLAGS:=-std=c99 -Wall -Wextra -Isrc/include -Isrc/conf -fvisibility=hidden -fPIC
-BOOT_CFLAGS:=-DJANET_BOOTSTRAP -DJANET_BUILD=$(JANET_BUILD) -O0 -g $(COMMON_CFLAGS)
+BOOT_CFLAGS:=-DJANET_BOOTSTRAP -DJANET_BUILD=$(JANET_BUILD) -O0 $(COMMON_CFLAGS) -g
 BUILD_CFLAGS:=$(CFLAGS) $(COMMON_CFLAGS)
 
+# Disable amalgamated build
+ifeq ($(JANET_NO_AMALG), 1)
+	JANET_TARGET_OBJECTS+=$(patsubst src/%.c,build/%.bin.o,$(JANET_CORE_SOURCES))
+	JANET_BOOT_FLAGS+=image-only
+endif
+
 # For installation
 LDCONFIG:=ldconfig "$(LIBDIR)"
 
 # Check OS
-UNAME:=$(shell uname -s)
+UNAME?=$(shell uname -s)
 ifeq ($(UNAME), Darwin)
 	CLIBS:=$(CLIBS) -ldl
 	SONAME_SETTER:=-Wl,-install_name,
+	JANET_LIBRARY=build/libjanet.dylib
 	LDCONFIG:=true
 else ifeq ($(UNAME), Linux)
 	CLIBS:=$(CLIBS) -lrt -ldl
 endif
+
 # For other unix likes, add flags here!
 ifeq ($(UNAME), Haiku)
 	LDCONFIG:=true
 	LDFLAGS=-Wl,--export-dynamic
 endif
+# For Android (termux)
+ifeq ($(UNAME), Linux) # uname on Darwin doesn't recognise -o
+ifeq ($(shell uname -o), Android)
+	CLIBS:=$(CLIBS) -landroid-spawn
+endif
+endif
 
-$(shell mkdir -p build/core build/c build/boot)
-all: $(JANET_TARGET) $(JANET_LIBRARY) $(JANET_STATIC_LIBRARY) build/janet.h
+# Mingw
+MINGW_COMPILER=
+ifeq ($(findstring MINGW,$(UNAME)), MINGW)
+	MINGW_COMPILER=gcc
+	CLIBS:=-lws2_32 -lpsapi -lwsock32
+	LDFLAGS:=-Wl,--out-implib,$(JANET_IMPORT_LIB)
+	LIBJANET_LDFLAGS:=-Wl,--out-implib,$(JANET_LIBRARY_IMPORT_LIB)
+	JANET_TARGET:=$(JANET_TARGET).exe
+	JANET_BOOT:=$(JANET_BOOT).exe
+	COMPILER_VERSION:=$(shell $(CC) --version)
+	ifeq ($(findstring clang,$(COMPILER_VERSION)), clang)
+		MINGW_COMPILER=clang
+	endif
+endif
+
+
+$(shell mkdir -p build/core build/c build/boot build/mainclient)
+all: $(JANET_TARGET) $(JANET_STATIC_LIBRARY) build/janet.h
+ifeq ($(HAS_SHARED), 1)
+all: $(JANET_LIBRARY)
+endif
 
 ######################
 ##### Name Files #####
 ######################
 
-JANET_HEADERS=src/include/janet.h src/conf/janetconf.h
+JANET_HEADERS=src/include/janet.h $(JANETCONF_HEADER)
 
 JANET_LOCAL_HEADERS=src/core/features.h \
 					src/core/util.h \
@@ -100,7 +145,9 @@ JANET_CORE_SOURCES=src/core/abstract.c \
 				   src/core/debug.c \
 				   src/core/emit.c \
 				   src/core/ev.c \
+				   src/core/ffi.c \
 				   src/core/fiber.c \
+				   src/core/filewatch.c \
 				   src/core/gc.c \
 				   src/core/inttypes.c \
 				   src/core/io.c \
@@ -146,42 +193,58 @@ $(JANET_BOOT_OBJECTS): $(JANET_BOOT_HEADERS)
 build/%.boot.o: src/%.c $(JANET_HEADERS) $(JANET_LOCAL_HEADERS) Makefile
 	$(CC) $(BOOT_CFLAGS) -o $@ -c $<
 
-build/janet_boot: $(JANET_BOOT_OBJECTS)
+$(JANET_BOOT): $(JANET_BOOT_OBJECTS)
 	$(CC) $(BOOT_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(JANET_BOOT_OBJECTS) $(CLIBS)
 
 # Now the reason we bootstrap in the first place
-build/c/janet.c: build/janet_boot src/boot/boot.janet
-	build/janet_boot . JANET_PATH '$(JANET_PATH)' > $@
+build/c/janet.c: $(JANET_BOOT) src/boot/boot.janet
+	$(RUN) $(JANET_BOOT) $(JANET_BOOT_FLAGS) > $@
 	cksum $@
 
+##################
+##### Quicky #####
+##################
+
+build/%.bin.o: src/%.c $(JANET_HEADERS) $(JANET_LOCAL_HEADERS) Makefile
+	$(HOSTCC) $(BUILD_CFLAGS) -o $@ -c $<
+
 ########################
 ##### Amalgamation #####
 ########################
 
-SONAME=libjanet.so.1.18
+ifeq ($(UNAME), Darwin)
+SONAME=libjanet.1.38.dylib
+else
+SONAME=libjanet.so.1.38
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(MINGW_COMPILER), clang)
+	SONAME=
+	SONAME_SETTER=
+endif
 
 build/c/shell.c: src/mainclient/shell.c
 	cp $< $@
 
-build/janet.h: $(JANET_TARGET) src/include/janet.h src/conf/janetconf.h
-	./$(JANET_TARGET) tools/patch-header.janet src/include/janet.h src/conf/janetconf.h $@
+build/janet.h: $(JANET_TARGET) src/include/janet.h $(JANETCONF_HEADER)
+	$(RUN) ./$(JANET_TARGET) tools/patch-header.janet src/include/janet.h $(JANETCONF_HEADER) $@
 
-build/janetconf.h: src/conf/janetconf.h
+build/janetconf.h: $(JANETCONF_HEADER)
 	cp $< $@
 
-build/janet.o: build/c/janet.c src/conf/janetconf.h src/include/janet.h
+build/janet.o: build/c/janet.c $(JANETCONF_HEADER) src/include/janet.h
 	$(HOSTCC) $(BUILD_CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
 
-build/shell.o: build/c/shell.c src/conf/janetconf.h src/include/janet.h
+build/shell.o: build/c/shell.c $(JANETCONF_HEADER) src/include/janet.h
 	$(HOSTCC) $(BUILD_CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
 
-$(JANET_TARGET): build/janet.o build/shell.o
+$(JANET_TARGET): $(JANET_TARGET_OBJECTS)
 	$(HOSTCC) $(LDFLAGS) $(BUILD_CFLAGS) -o $@ $^ $(CLIBS)
 
-$(JANET_LIBRARY): build/janet.o build/shell.o
-	$(HOSTCC) $(LDFLAGS) $(BUILD_CFLAGS) $(SONAME_SETTER)$(SONAME) -shared -o $@ $^ $(CLIBS)
+$(JANET_LIBRARY): $(JANET_TARGET_OBJECTS)
+	$(HOSTCC) $(LIBJANET_LDFLAGS) $(BUILD_CFLAGS) $(SONAME_SETTER)$(SONAME) -shared -o $@ $^ $(CLIBS)
 
-$(JANET_STATIC_LIBRARY): build/janet.o build/shell.o
+$(JANET_STATIC_LIBRARY): $(JANET_TARGET_OBJECTS)
 	$(HOSTAR) rcs $@ $^
 
 ###################
@@ -193,19 +256,19 @@ $(JANET_STATIC_LIBRARY): build/janet.o build/shell.o
 TEST_SCRIPTS=$(wildcard test/suite*.janet)
 
 repl: $(JANET_TARGET)
-	./$(JANET_TARGET)
+	$(RUN) ./$(JANET_TARGET)
 
 debug: $(JANET_TARGET)
 	$(DEBUGGER) ./$(JANET_TARGET)
 
-VALGRIND_COMMAND=valgrind --leak-check=full
+VALGRIND_COMMAND=valgrind --leak-check=full --quiet
 
 valgrind: $(JANET_TARGET)
 	$(VALGRIND_COMMAND) ./$(JANET_TARGET)
 
 test: $(JANET_TARGET) $(TEST_PROGRAMS)
-	for f in test/suite*.janet; do ./$(JANET_TARGET) "$$f" || exit; done
-	for f in examples/*.janet; do ./$(JANET_TARGET) -k "$$f"; done
+	for f in test/suite*.janet; do $(RUN) ./$(JANET_TARGET) "$$f" || exit; done
+	for f in examples/*.janet; do $(RUN) ./$(JANET_TARGET) -k "$$f"; done
 
 valtest: $(JANET_TARGET) $(TEST_PROGRAMS)
 	for f in test/suite*.janet; do $(VALGRIND_COMMAND) ./$(JANET_TARGET) "$$f" || exit; done
@@ -222,19 +285,25 @@ dist: build/janet-dist.tar.gz
 
 build/janet-%.tar.gz: $(JANET_TARGET) \
 	build/janet.h \
-	janet.1 LICENSE CONTRIBUTING.md $(JANET_LIBRARY) $(JANET_STATIC_LIBRARY) \
+	janet.1 LICENSE CONTRIBUTING.md $(JANET_STATIC_LIBRARY) \
 	README.md build/c/janet.c build/c/shell.c
 	mkdir -p build/$(JANET_DIST_DIR)/bin
 	cp $(JANET_TARGET) build/$(JANET_DIST_DIR)/bin/
+	strip -x -S 'build/$(JANET_DIST_DIR)/bin/janet'
 	mkdir -p build/$(JANET_DIST_DIR)/include
 	cp build/janet.h build/$(JANET_DIST_DIR)/include/
 	mkdir -p build/$(JANET_DIST_DIR)/lib/
-	cp $(JANET_LIBRARY) $(JANET_STATIC_LIBRARY) build/$(JANET_DIST_DIR)/lib/
+	cp $(JANET_STATIC_LIBRARY) build/$(JANET_DIST_DIR)/lib/
+	cp $(JANET_LIBRARY) build/$(JANET_DIST_DIR)/lib/ || true
 	mkdir -p build/$(JANET_DIST_DIR)/man/man1/
+	cp janet.1 build/$(JANET_DIST_DIR)/man/man1/janet.1
 	mkdir -p build/$(JANET_DIST_DIR)/src/
 	cp build/c/janet.c build/c/shell.c build/$(JANET_DIST_DIR)/src/
 	cp CONTRIBUTING.md LICENSE README.md build/$(JANET_DIST_DIR)/
 	cd build && tar -czvf ../$@ ./$(JANET_DIST_DIR)
+ifeq ($(HAS_SHARED), 1)
+build/janet-%.tar.gz: $(JANET_LIBRARY)
+endif
 
 #########################
 ##### Documentation #####
@@ -243,7 +312,7 @@ build/janet-%.tar.gz: $(JANET_TARGET) \
 docs: build/doc.html
 
 build/doc.html: $(JANET_TARGET) tools/gendoc.janet
-	$(JANET_TARGET) tools/gendoc.janet > build/doc.html
+	$(RUN) $(JANET_TARGET) tools/gendoc.janet > build/doc.html
 
 ########################
 ##### Installation #####
@@ -259,7 +328,7 @@ build/janet.pc: $(JANET_TARGET)
 	echo "Name: janet" >> $@
 	echo "Url: https://janet-lang.org" >> $@
 	echo "Description: Library for the Janet programming language." >> $@
-	$(JANET_TARGET) -e '(print "Version: " janet/version)' >> $@
+	$(RUN) $(JANET_TARGET) -e '(print "Version: " janet/version)' >> $@
 	echo 'Cflags: -I$${includedir}' >> $@
 	echo 'Libs: -L$${libdir} -ljanet' >> $@
 	echo 'Libs.private: $(CLIBS)' >> $@
@@ -267,19 +336,29 @@ build/janet.pc: $(JANET_TARGET)
 install: $(JANET_TARGET) $(JANET_LIBRARY) $(JANET_STATIC_LIBRARY) build/janet.pc build/janet.h
 	mkdir -p '$(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)'
 	cp $(JANET_TARGET) '$(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)/janet'
+	strip -x -S '$(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)/janet'
 	mkdir -p '$(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDEDIR)/janet'
 	cp -r build/janet.h '$(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDEDIR)/janet'
+	ln -sf ./janet/janet.h '$(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDEDIR)/janet.h'
 	mkdir -p '$(DESTDIR)$(JANET_PATH)'
 	mkdir -p '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)'
-	cp $(JANET_LIBRARY) '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/libjanet.so.$(shell $(JANET_TARGET) -e '(print janet/version)')'
+	if test $(UNAME) = Darwin ; then \
+		cp $(JANET_LIBRARY) '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/libjanet.$(shell $(JANET_TARGET) -e '(print janet/version)').dylib' ; \
+		ln -sf $(SONAME) '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/libjanet.dylib' ; \
+		ln -sf libjanet.$(shell $(JANET_TARGET) -e '(print janet/version)').dylib $(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/$(SONAME) ; \
+	else \
+		cp $(JANET_LIBRARY) '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/libjanet.so.$(shell $(JANET_TARGET) -e '(print janet/version)')' ; \
+		ln -sf $(SONAME) '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/libjanet.so' ; \
+		ln -sf libjanet.so.$(shell $(JANET_TARGET) -e '(print janet/version)') $(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/$(SONAME) ; \
+	fi
 	cp $(JANET_STATIC_LIBRARY) '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/libjanet.a'
-	ln -sf $(SONAME) '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/libjanet.so'
-	ln -sf libjanet.so.$(shell $(JANET_TARGET) -e '(print janet/version)') $(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/$(SONAME)
 	mkdir -p '$(DESTDIR)$(JANET_MANPATH)'
 	cp janet.1 '$(DESTDIR)$(JANET_MANPATH)'
 	mkdir -p '$(DESTDIR)$(JANET_PKG_CONFIG_PATH)'
 	cp build/janet.pc '$(DESTDIR)$(JANET_PKG_CONFIG_PATH)/janet.pc'
-	[ -z '$(DESTDIR)' ] && $(LDCONFIG) || true
+	cp '$(JANET_IMPORT_LIB)' '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)' || echo 'no import lib to install (mingw only)'
+	cp '$(JANET_LIBRARY_IMPORT_LIB)' '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)' || echo 'no import lib to install (mingw only)'
+	[ -z '$(DESTDIR)' ] && $(LDCONFIG) || echo "You can ignore this error for non-Linux systems or local installs"
 
 install-jpm-git: $(JANET_TARGET)
 	mkdir -p build
@@ -291,11 +370,18 @@ install-jpm-git: $(JANET_TARGET)
 		JANET_HEADERPATH='$(INCLUDEDIR)/janet' \
 		JANET_BINPATH='$(BINDIR)' \
 		JANET_LIBPATH='$(LIBDIR)' \
-		../../$(JANET_TARGET) ./bootstrap.janet
+		$(RUN) ../../$(JANET_TARGET) ./bootstrap.janet
+
+install-spork-git: $(JANET_TARGET)
+	mkdir -p build
+	rm -rf build/spork
+	git clone --depth=1 --branch='$(SPORK_TAG)' https://github.com/janet-lang/spork.git build/spork
+	$(JANET_TARGET) -e '(bundle/install "build/spork")'
 
 uninstall:
 	-rm '$(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)/janet'
 	-rm -rf '$(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDEDIR)/janet'
+	-rm -rf '$(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDEDIR)/janet.h'
 	-rm -rf '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)'/libjanet.*
 	-rm '$(DESTDIR)$(JANET_PKG_CONFIG_PATH)/janet.pc'
 	-rm '$(DESTDIR)$(JANET_MANPATH)/janet.1'
@@ -306,14 +392,14 @@ uninstall:
 #################
 
 format:
-	tools/format.sh
+	sh tools/format.sh
 
 grammar: build/janet.tmLanguage
 build/janet.tmLanguage: tools/tm_lang_gen.janet $(JANET_TARGET)
-	$(JANET_TARGET) $< > $@
+	$(RUN) $(JANET_TARGET) $< > $@
 
 compile-commands:
-	# Requires pip install copmiledb
+	# Requires pip install compiledb
 	compiledb make
 
 clean:

README.md

@@ -1,64 +1,133 @@
-[![Join the chat](https://badges.gitter.im/janet-language/community.svg)](https://gitter.im/janet-language/community)
+[![Join the chat](https://img.shields.io/badge/zulip-join_chat-brightgreen.svg)](https://janet.zulipchat.com)
  
-[![Appveyor Status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/bjraxrxexmt3sxyv/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/bakpakin/janet/branch/master)
-[![builds.sr.ht status](https://builds.sr.ht/~bakpakin/janet/commits/freebsd.yml.svg)](https://builds.sr.ht/~bakpakin/janet/commits/freebsd.yml?)
-[![builds.sr.ht status](https://builds.sr.ht/~bakpakin/janet/commits/openbsd.yml.svg)](https://builds.sr.ht/~bakpakin/janet/commits/openbsd.yml?)
+[![builds.sr.ht status](https://builds.sr.ht/~bakpakin/janet/commits/master/freebsd.yml.svg)](https://builds.sr.ht/~bakpakin/janet/commits/master/freebsd.yml?)
+[![builds.sr.ht status](https://builds.sr.ht/~bakpakin/janet/commits/master/openbsd.yml.svg)](https://builds.sr.ht/~bakpakin/janet/commits/master/openbsd.yml?)
 [![Actions Status](https://github.com/janet-lang/janet/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/janet-lang/janet/actions/workflows/test.yml)
 
 <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/janet-lang/janet/master/assets/janet-w200.png" alt="Janet logo" width=200 align="left">
 
-**Janet** is a functional and imperative programming language and bytecode interpreter. It is a
-lisp-like language, but lists are replaced
-by other data structures (arrays, tables (hash table), struct (immutable hash table), tuples).
-The language also supports bridging to native code written in C, meta-programming with macros, and bytecode assembly.
+**Janet** is a programming language for system scripting, expressive automation, and
+extending programs written in C or C++ with user scripting capabilities.
+
+Janet makes a good system scripting language, or a language to embed in other programs.
+It's like Lua and GNU Guile in that regard. It has more built-in functionality and a richer core language than
+Lua, but smaller than GNU Guile or Python. However, it is much easier to embed and port than Python or Guile.
 
 There is a REPL for trying out the language, as well as the ability
 to run script files. This client program is separate from the core runtime, so
 Janet can be embedded in other programs. Try Janet in your browser at
-[https://janet-lang.org](https://janet-lang.org).
-
-If you'd like to financially support the ongoing development of Janet, consider
-[sponsoring its primary author](https://github.com/sponsors/bakpakin) through GitHub.
+<https://janet-lang.org>.
 
 <br>
 
-## Use Cases
+## Examples
 
-Janet makes a good system scripting language, or a language to embed in other programs.
-It's like Lua and Guile in that regard. It has more built-in functionality and a richer core language than
-Lua, but smaller than GNU Guile or Python.
+See the examples directory for all provided example programs.
 
-## Features
+### Game of Life
 
-* Configurable at build time - turn features on or off for a smaller or more featureful build
-* Minimal setup - one binary and you are good to go!
+```janet
+# John Conway's Game of Life
+
+(def- window
+  (seq [x :range [-1 2]
+         y :range [-1 2]
+         :when (not (and (zero? x) (zero? y)))]
+       [x y]))
+
+(defn- neighbors
+  [[x y]]
+  (map (fn [[x1 y1]] [(+ x x1) (+ y y1)]) window))
+
+(defn tick
+  "Get the next state in the Game Of Life."
+  [state]
+  (def cell-set (frequencies state))
+  (def neighbor-set (frequencies (mapcat neighbors state)))
+  (seq [coord :keys neighbor-set
+         :let [count (get neighbor-set coord)]
+         :when (or (= count 3) (and (get cell-set coord) (= count 2)))]
+      coord))
+
+(defn draw
+  "Draw cells in the game of life from (x1, y1) to (x2, y2)"
+  [state x1 y1 x2 y2]
+  (def cellset @{})
+  (each cell state (put cellset cell true))
+  (loop [x :range [x1 (+ 1 x2)]
+         :after (print)
+         y :range [y1 (+ 1 y2)]]
+    (file/write stdout (if (get cellset [x y]) "X " ". ")))
+  (print))
+
+# Print the first 20 generations of a glider
+(var *state* '[(0 0) (-1 0) (1 0) (1 1) (0 2)])
+(for i 0 20
+  (print "generation " i)
+  (draw *state* -7 -7 7 7)
+  (set *state* (tick *state*)))
+```
+
+### TCP Echo Server
+
+```janet
+# A simple TCP echo server using the built-in socket networking and event loop.
+
+(defn handler
+  "Simple handler for connections."
+  [stream]
+  (defer (:close stream)
+    (def id (gensym))
+    (def b @"")
+    (print "Connection " id "!")
+    (while (:read stream 1024 b)
+      (printf " %v -> %v" id b)
+      (:write stream b)
+      (buffer/clear b))
+    (printf "Done %v!" id)
+    (ev/sleep 0.5)))
+
+(net/server "127.0.0.1" "8000" handler)
+```
+
+### Windows FFI Hello, World!
+
+```janet
+# Use the FFI to popup a Windows message box - no C required
+
+(ffi/context "user32.dll")
+
+(ffi/defbind MessageBoxA :int
+  [w :ptr text :string cap :string typ :int])
+
+(MessageBoxA nil "Hello, World!" "Test" 0)
+```
+
+## Language Features
+
+* 600+ functions and macros in the core library
+* Built-in socket networking, threading, subprocesses, and file system functions.
+* Parsing Expression Grammars (PEG) engine as a more robust Regex alternative
+* Macros and compile-time computation
+* Per-thread event loop for efficient IO (epoll/IOCP/kqueue)
+* First-class green threads (continuations) as well as OS threads
+* Erlang-style supervision trees that integrate with the event loop
 * First-class closures
 * Garbage collection
-* First-class green threads (continuations)
+* Distributed as janet.c and janet.h for embedding into a larger program.
 * Python-style generators (implemented as a plain macro)
 * Mutable and immutable arrays (array/tuple)
 * Mutable and immutable hashtables (table/struct)
 * Mutable and immutable strings (buffer/string)
-* Macros
-* Multithreading
-* Per-thread event loop for efficient evented IO
-* Byte code interpreter with an assembly interface, as well as bytecode verification
-* Tail call Optimization
-* Direct interop with C via abstract types and C functions
-* Dynamically load C libraries
-* Functional and imperative standard library
-* Lexical scoping
-* Imperative programming as well as functional
-* REPL
-* Parsing Expression Grammars built into the core library
-* 400+ functions and macros in the core library
-* Embedding Janet in other programs
-* Interactive environment with detailed stack traces
+* Tail recursion
+* Interface with C functions and dynamically load plugins ("natives").
+* Built-in C FFI for when the native bindings are too much work
+* REPL development with debugger and inspectable runtime
 
 ## Documentation
 
 * For a quick tutorial, see [the introduction](https://janet-lang.org/docs/index.html) for more details.
-* For the full API for all functions in the core library, see [the core API doc](https://janet-lang.org/api/index.html)
+* For the full API for all functions in the core library, see [the core API doc](https://janet-lang.org/api/index.html).
 
 Documentation is also available locally in the REPL.
 Use the `(doc symbol-name)` macro to get API
@@ -66,7 +135,7 @@ documentation for symbols in the core library. For example,
 ```
 (doc apply)
 ```
-Shows documentation for the `apply` function.
+shows documentation for the `apply` function.
 
 To get a list of all bindings in the default
 environment, use the `(all-bindings)` function. You
@@ -85,11 +154,13 @@ the SourceHut mirror is actively maintained.
 
 The Makefile is non-portable and requires GNU-flavored make.
 
-```
+```sh
 cd somewhere/my/projects/janet
 make
 make test
 make repl
+make install
+make install-jpm-git
 ```
 
 Find out more about the available make targets by running `make help`.
@@ -99,42 +170,45 @@ Find out more about the available make targets by running `make help`.
 32-bit Haiku build instructions are the same as the UNIX-like build instructions,
 but you need to specify an alternative compiler, such as `gcc-x86`.
 
-```
+```sh
 cd somewhere/my/projects/janet
 make CC=gcc-x86
 make test
 make repl
+make install
+make install-jpm-git
 ```
 
 ### FreeBSD
 
 FreeBSD build instructions are the same as the UNIX-like build instructions,
-but you need `gmake` to compile. Alternatively, install directly from
-packages, using `pkg install lang/janet`.
+but you need `gmake` to compile. Alternatively, install the package directly with `pkg install lang/janet`.
 
-```
+```sh
 cd somewhere/my/projects/janet
 gmake
 gmake test
 gmake repl
+gmake install
+gmake install-jpm-git
 ```
 
 ### NetBSD
 
 NetBSD build instructions are the same as the FreeBSD build instructions.
-Alternatively, install directly from packages, using `pkgin install janet`.
+Alternatively, install the package directly with `pkgin install janet`.
 
 ### Windows
 
-1. Install [Visual Studio](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/thank-you-downloading-visual-studio/?sku=Community&rel=15#) or [Visual Studio Build Tools](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/thank-you-downloading-visual-studio/?sku=BuildTools&rel=15#)
-2. Run a Visual Studio Command Prompt (cl.exe and link.exe need to be on the PATH) and cd to the directory with janet.
-3. Run `build_win` to compile janet.
+1. Install [Visual Studio](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/thank-you-downloading-visual-studio/?sku=Community&rel=15#) or [Visual Studio Build Tools](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/thank-you-downloading-visual-studio/?sku=BuildTools&rel=15#).
+2. Run a Visual Studio Command Prompt (`cl.exe` and `link.exe` need to be on your PATH) and `cd` to the directory with Janet.
+3. Run `build_win` to compile Janet.
 4. Run `build_win test` to make sure everything is working.
 
 To build an `.msi` installer executable, in addition to the above steps, you will have to:
 
-5. Install, or otherwise add to your PATH the [WiX 3.11 Toolset](https://github.com/wixtoolset/wix3/releases)
-6. run `build_win dist`
+5. Install, or otherwise add to your PATH the [WiX 3.14 Toolset](https://github.com/wixtoolset/wix3/releases).
+6. Run `build_win dist`.
 
 Now you should have an `.msi`. You can run `build_win install` to install the `.msi`, or execute the file itself.
 
@@ -170,19 +244,21 @@ ninja -C build install
 
 Janet can be hacked on with pretty much any environment you like, but for IDE
 lovers, [Gnome Builder](https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Builder) is probably the
-best option, as it has excellent meson integration. It also offers code completion
+best option, as it has excellent Meson integration. It also offers code completion
 for Janet's C API right out of the box, which is very useful for exploring. VSCode, Vim,
-Emacs, and Atom will have syntax packages for the Janet language, though.
+Emacs, and Atom each have syntax packages for the Janet language, though.
 
 ## Installation
 
-See the [Introduction](https://janet-lang.org/docs/index.html) for more details. If you just want
-to try out the language, you don't need to install anything. You can also move the `janet` executable wherever you want on your system and run it.
+If you just want to try out the language, you don't need to install anything.
+In this case you can also move the `janet` executable wherever you want on
+your system and run it.  However, for a fuller setup, please see the
+[Introduction](https://janet-lang.org/docs/index.html) for more details.
 
 ## Usage
 
-A REPL is launched when the binary is invoked with no arguments. Pass the -h flag
-to display the usage information. Individual scripts can be run with `./janet myscript.janet`
+A REPL is launched when the binary is invoked with no arguments. Pass the `-h` flag
+to display the usage information. Individual scripts can be run with `./janet myscript.janet`.
 
 If you are looking to explore, you can print a list of all available macros, functions, and constants
 by entering the command `(all-bindings)` into the REPL.
@@ -197,20 +273,26 @@ Hello, World!
 nil
 janet:3:> (os/exit)
 $ janet -h
-usage: build/janet [options] script args...
+usage: janet [options] script args...
 Options are:
   -h : Show this help
   -v : Print the version string
   -s : Use raw stdin instead of getline like functionality
   -e code : Execute a string of janet
+  -E code arguments... : Evaluate an expression as a short-fn with arguments
+  -d : Set the debug flag in the REPL
   -r : Enter the REPL after running all scripts
+  -R : Disables loading profile.janet when JANET_PROFILE is present
   -p : Keep on executing if there is a top-level error (persistent)
-  -q : Hide prompt, logo, and REPL output (quiet)
+  -q : Hide logo (quiet)
   -k : Compile scripts but do not execute (flycheck)
   -m syspath : Set system path for loading global modules
   -c source output : Compile janet source code into an image
+  -i : Load the script argument as an image file instead of source code
   -n : Disable ANSI color output in the REPL
-  -l path : Execute code in a file before running the main script
+  -l lib : Use a module before processing more arguments
+  -w level : Set the lint warning level - default is "normal"
+  -x level : Set the lint error level - default is "none"
   -- : Stop handling options
 ```
 
@@ -221,8 +303,8 @@ If installed, you can also run `man janet` to get usage information.
 Janet can be embedded in a host program very easily. The normal build
 will create a file `build/janet.c`, which is a single C file
 that contains all the source to Janet. This file, along with
-`src/include/janet.h` and `src/conf/janetconf.h` can be dragged into any C
-project and compiled into the project. Janet should be compiled with `-std=c99`
+`src/include/janet.h` and `src/conf/janetconf.h`, can be dragged into any C
+project and compiled into it. Janet should be compiled with `-std=c99`
 on most compilers, and will need to be linked to the math library, `-lm`, and
 the dynamic linker, `-ldl`, if one wants to be able to load dynamic modules. If
 there is no need for dynamic modules, add the define
@@ -230,26 +312,35 @@ there is no need for dynamic modules, add the define
 
 See the [Embedding Section](https://janet-lang.org/capi/embedding.html) on the website for more information.
 
-## Examples
-
-See the examples directory for some example janet code.
-
 ## Discussion
 
-Feel free to ask questions and join the discussion on the [Janet Gitter Channel](https://gitter.im/janet-language/community).
-Gitter provides Matrix and irc bridges as well.
+Feel free to ask questions and join the discussion on the [Janet Zulip Instance](https://janet.zulipchat.com/)
 
 ## FAQ
 
+### How fast is it?
+
+It is about the same speed as most interpreted languages without a JIT compiler. Tight, critical
+loops should probably be written in C or C++ . Programs tend to be a bit faster than
+they would be in a language like Python due to the discouragement of slow Object-Oriented abstraction
+with lots of hash-table lookups, and making late-binding explicit. All values are boxed in an 8-byte
+representation by default and allocated on the heap, with the exception of numbers, nils and booleans. The
+PEG engine is a specialized interpreter that can efficiently process string and buffer data.
+
+The GC is simple and stop-the-world, but GC knobs are exposed in the core library and separate threads
+have isolated heaps and garbage collectors. Data that is shared between threads is reference counted.
+
+YMMV.
+
 ### Where is (favorite feature from other language)?
 
-It may exist, it may not. If you want to propose major language features, go ahead and open an issue, but
-they will likely by closed as "will not implement". Often, such features make one usecase simpler at the expense
+It may exist, it may not. If you want to propose a major language feature, go ahead and open an issue, but
+it will likely be closed as "will not implement". Often, such features make one usecase simpler at the expense
 of 5 others by making the language more complicated.
 
 ### Is there a language spec?
 
-There is not currently a spec besides the documentation at https://janet-lang.org.
+There is not currently a spec besides the documentation at <https://janet-lang.org>.
 
 ### Is this Scheme/Common Lisp? Where are the cons cells?
 
@@ -257,21 +348,21 @@ Nope. There are no cons cells here.
 
 ### Is this a Clojure port?
 
-No. It's similar to Clojure superficially because I like Lisps and I like the asthetics.
-Internally, Janet is not at all like Clojure.
+No. It's similar to Clojure superficially because I like Lisps and I like the aesthetics.
+Internally, Janet is not at all like Clojure, Scheme, or Common Lisp.
 
 ### Are the immutable data structures (tuples and structs) implemented as hash tries?
 
 No. They are immutable arrays and hash tables. Don't try and use them like Clojure's vectors
 and maps, instead they work well as table keys or other identifiers.
 
-### Can I do Object Oriented programming with Janet?
+### Can I do object-oriented programming with Janet?
 
 To some extent, yes. However, it is not the recommended method of abstraction, and performance may suffer.
 That said, tables can be used to make mutable objects with inheritance and polymorphism, where object
-methods are implemeted with keywords.
+methods are implemented with keywords.
 
-```
+```clj
 (def Car @{:honk (fn [self msg] (print "car " self " goes " msg)) })
 (def my-car (table/setproto @{} Car))
 (:honk my-car "Beep!")
@@ -282,17 +373,25 @@ methods are implemeted with keywords.
 Usually, one of a few reasons:
 - Often, it already exists in a different form and the Clojure port would be redundant.
 - Clojure programs often generate a lot of garbage and rely on the JVM to clean it up.
-  Janet does not run on the JVM, and has a more primitive garbage collector.
-- We want to keep the Janet core small. With Lisps, usually a feature can be added as a library
-  without feeling "bolted on", especially when compared to ALGOL like languages. Adding features
-  to the core also makes it a bit more difficult keep Janet maximally portable.
+  Janet does not run on the JVM and has a more primitive garbage collector.
+- We want to keep the Janet core small. With Lisps, a feature can usually be added as a library
+  without feeling "bolted on", especially when compared to ALGOL-like languages. Adding features
+  to the core also makes it a bit more difficult to keep Janet maximally portable.
+
+### Can I bind to Rust/Zig/Go/Java/Nim/C++/D/Pascal/Fortran/Odin/Jai/(Some new "Systems" Programming Language)?
+
+Probably, if that language has a good interface with C. But the programmer may need to do
+some extra work to map Janet's internal memory model to that of the bound language. Janet
+also uses `setjmp`/`longjmp` for non-local returns internally. This
+approach is out of favor with many programmers now and doesn't always play well with other languages
+that have exceptions or stack-unwinding.
 
 ### Why is my terminal spitting out junk when I run the REPL?
 
 Make sure your terminal supports ANSI escape codes. Most modern terminals will
 support these, but some older terminals, Windows consoles, or embedded terminals
 will not. If your terminal does not support ANSI escape codes, run the REPL with
-the `-n` flag, which disables color output. You can also try the `-s` if further issues
+the `-n` flag, which disables color output. You can also try the `-s` flag if further issues
 ensue.
 
 ## Why is it called "Janet"?

appveyor.yml

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-version: build-{build}
-clone_folder: c:\projects\janet
-image:
-- Visual Studio 2019
-configuration:
-- Release
-platform:
-- x64
-- x86
-environment:
-  matrix:
-  - arch: Win64
-matrix:
-  fast_finish: true
-
-# skip unsupported combinations
-init:
-    - call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" %platform%
-
-install:
-    - set JANET_BUILD=%appveyor_repo_commit:~0,7%
-    - build_win all
-    - set janet_outname=%appveyor_repo_tag_name%
-    - if "%janet_outname%"=="" set /P janet_outname=<build\version.txt
-build: off
-
-artifacts:
-    - name: janet.c
-      path: dist\janet.c
-      type: File
-    - name: janet.h
-      path: dist\janet.h
-      type: File
-    - name: shell.c
-      path: dist\shell.c
-      type: File
-    - name: "janet-$(janet_outname)-windows-%platform%"
-      path: dist
-      type: Zip
-    - path: "janet-$(janet_outname)-windows-%platform%-installer.msi"
-      type: File
-
-deploy:
-  description: 'The Janet Programming Language.'
-  provider: GitHub
-  auth_token:
-    secure: lwEXy09qhj2jSH9s1C/KvCkAUqJSma8phFR+0kbsfUc3rVxpNK5uD3z9Md0SjYRx
-  artifact: /(janet|shell).*/
-  draft: true
-  on:
-      APPVEYOR_REPO_TAG: true

build_win.bat

@@ -41,32 +41,34 @@ if not exist build\boot mkdir build\boot
 @rem Build the bootstrap interpreter
 for %%f in (src\core\*.c) do (
     %JANET_COMPILE% /DJANET_BOOTSTRAP /Fobuild\boot\%%~nf.obj %%f
-    @if errorlevel 1 goto :BUILDFAIL
+    @if not errorlevel 0 goto :BUILDFAIL
 )
 for %%f in (src\boot\*.c) do (
     %JANET_COMPILE% /DJANET_BOOTSTRAP /Fobuild\boot\%%~nf.obj %%f
-    @if errorlevel 1 goto :BUILDFAIL
+    @if not errorlevel 0 goto :BUILDFAIL
 )
 %JANET_LINK% /out:build\janet_boot.exe build\boot\*.obj
-@if errorlevel 1 goto :BUILDFAIL
+@if not errorlevel 0 goto :BUILDFAIL
 build\janet_boot . > build\c\janet.c
+@if not errorlevel 0 goto :BUILDFAIL
 
 @rem Build the sources
 %JANET_COMPILE% /Fobuild\janet.obj build\c\janet.c
-@if errorlevel 1 goto :BUILDFAIL
+@if not errorlevel 0 goto :BUILDFAIL
 %JANET_COMPILE% /Fobuild\shell.obj src\mainclient\shell.c
-@if errorlevel 1 goto :BUILDFAIL
+@if not errorlevel 0 goto :BUILDFAIL
 
 @rem Build the resources
 rc /nologo /fobuild\janet_win.res janet_win.rc
+@if not errorlevel 0 goto :BUILDFAIL
 
 @rem Link everything to main client
 %JANET_LINK% /out:janet.exe build\janet.obj build\shell.obj build\janet_win.res
-@if errorlevel 1 goto :BUILDFAIL
+@if not errorlevel 0 goto :BUILDFAIL
 
-@rem Build static library (libjanet.a)
+@rem Build static library (libjanet.lib)
 %JANET_LINK_STATIC% /out:build\libjanet.lib build\janet.obj
-@if errorlevel 1 goto :BUILDFAIL
+@if not errorlevel 0 goto :BUILDFAIL
 
 echo === Successfully built janet.exe for Windows ===
 echo === Run 'build_win test' to run tests. ==
@@ -89,16 +91,18 @@ exit /b 0
 
 @rem Clean build artifacts
 :CLEAN
-del *.exe *.lib *.exp
+del *.exe *.lib *.exp *.msi *.wixpdb
 rd /s /q build
-rd /s /q dist
+if exist dist (
+    rd /s /q dist
+)
 exit /b 0
 
 @rem Run tests
 :TEST
 for %%f in (test/suite*.janet) do (
     janet.exe test\%%f
-    @if errorlevel 1 goto TESTFAIL
+    @if not errorlevel 0 goto TESTFAIL
 )
 exit /b 0
 
@@ -134,11 +138,18 @@ if defined APPVEYOR_REPO_TAG_NAME (
     set RELEASE_VERSION=%JANET_VERSION%
 )
 if defined CI (
-    set WIXBIN="c:\Program Files (x86)\WiX Toolset v3.11\bin\"
+    set WIXBIN="%WIX%bin\"
+    echo WIXBIN = %WIXBIN%
 ) else (
     set WIXBIN=
 )
-%WIXBIN%candle.exe tools\msi\janet.wxs -arch %BUILDARCH% -out build\
+
+set WIXARCH=%BUILDARCH%
+if "%WIXARCH%"=="aarch64" (
+    set WIXARCH=arm64
+)
+
+%WIXBIN%candle.exe tools\msi\janet.wxs -arch %WIXARCH% -out build\
 %WIXBIN%light.exe "-sice:ICE38" -b tools\msi -ext WixUIExtension build\janet.wixobj -out janet-%RELEASE_VERSION%-windows-%BUILDARCH%-installer.msi
 exit /b 0
 

examples/async-execute.janet

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 (defn dowork [name n]
   (print name " starting work...")
-  (os/execute [(dyn :executable) "-e" (string "(os/sleep " n ")")])
+  (os/execute [(dyn :executable) "-e" (string "(os/sleep " n ")")] :p)
   (print name " finished work!"))
 
 # Will be done in parallel

examples/chatserver.janet

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+(def conmap @{})
+
+(defn broadcast [em msg]
+  (eachk par conmap
+         (if (not= par em)
+           (if-let [tar (get conmap par)]
+             (net/write tar (string/format "[%s]:%s" em msg))))))
+
+(defn handler
+  [connection]
+  (print "connection: " connection)
+  (net/write connection "Whats your name?\n")
+  (def name (string/trim (string (ev/read connection 100))))
+  (print name " connected")
+  (if (get conmap name)
+    (do
+      (net/write connection "Name already taken!")
+      (:close connection))
+    (do
+      (put conmap name connection)
+      (net/write connection (string/format "Welcome %s\n" name))
+      (defer (do
+               (put conmap name nil)
+               (:close connection))
+        (while (def msg (ev/read connection 100))
+          (broadcast name (string msg)))
+        (print name " disconnected")))))
+
+(defn main [& args]
+  (printf "STARTING SERVER...")
+  (flush)
+  (def my-server (net/listen "127.0.0.1" "8000"))
+  (forever
+   (def connection (net/accept my-server))
+   (ev/call handler connection)))

examples/evlocks.janet

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+(defn sleep
+  "Sleep the entire thread, not just a single fiber."
+  [n]
+  (os/sleep (* 0.1 n)))
+
+(defn work [lock n]
+  (ev/acquire-lock lock)
+  (print "working " n "...")
+  (sleep n)
+  (print "done working...")
+  (ev/release-lock lock))
+
+(defn reader
+  [rwlock n]
+  (ev/acquire-rlock rwlock)
+  (print "reading " n "...")
+  (sleep n)
+  (print "done reading " n "...")
+  (ev/release-rlock rwlock))
+
+(defn writer
+  [rwlock n]
+  (ev/acquire-wlock rwlock)
+  (print "writing " n "...")
+  (sleep n)
+  (print "done writing...")
+  (ev/release-wlock rwlock))
+
+(defn test-lock
+  []
+  (def lock (ev/lock))
+  (for i 3 7
+    (ev/spawn-thread
+      (work lock i))))
+
+(defn test-rwlock
+  []
+  (def rwlock (ev/rwlock))
+  (for i 0 20
+    (if (> 0.1 (math/random))
+      (ev/spawn-thread (writer rwlock i))
+      (ev/spawn-thread (reader rwlock i)))))
+
+(test-rwlock)
+(test-lock)

examples/ffi/gtk.janet

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# :lazy true needed for jpm quickbin
+# lazily loads library on first function use
+# so the `main` function
+# can be marshalled.
+(ffi/context "/usr/lib/libgtk-3.so" :lazy true)
+
+(ffi/defbind
+  gtk-application-new :ptr
+  "Add docstrings as needed."
+  [title :string flags :uint])
+
+(ffi/defbind
+  g-signal-connect-data :ulong
+  [a :ptr b :ptr c :ptr d :ptr e :ptr f :int])
+
+(ffi/defbind
+  g-application-run :int
+  [app :ptr argc :int argv :ptr])
+
+(ffi/defbind
+  gtk-application-window-new :ptr
+  [a :ptr])
+
+(ffi/defbind
+  gtk-button-new-with-label :ptr
+  [a :ptr])
+
+(ffi/defbind
+  gtk-container-add :void
+  [a :ptr b :ptr])
+
+(ffi/defbind
+  gtk-widget-show-all :void
+  [a :ptr])
+
+(ffi/defbind
+  gtk-button-set-label :void
+  [a :ptr b :ptr])
+
+(def cb (delay (ffi/trampoline :default)))
+
+(defn ffi/array
+  ``Convert a janet array to a buffer that can be passed to FFI functions.
+  For example, to create an array of type `char *` (array of c strings), one
+  could use `(ffi/array ["hello" "world"] :ptr)`. One needs to be careful that
+  array elements are not garbage collected though - the GC can't follow references
+  inside an arbitrary byte buffer.``
+  [arr ctype &opt buf]
+  (default buf @"")
+  (each el arr
+    (ffi/write ctype el buf))
+  buf)
+
+(defn on-active
+  [app]
+  (def window (gtk-application-window-new app))
+  (def btn (gtk-button-new-with-label "Click Me!"))
+  (g-signal-connect-data btn "clicked" (cb)
+                         (fn [btn] (gtk-button-set-label btn "Hello World"))
+                         nil 1)
+  (gtk-container-add window btn)
+  (gtk-widget-show-all window))
+
+(defn main
+  [&]
+  (def app (gtk-application-new "org.janet-lang.example.HelloApp" 0))
+  (g-signal-connect-data app "activate" (cb) on-active nil 1)
+  # manually build an array with ffi/write
+  # - we are responsible for preventing gc when the arg array is used
+  (def argv (ffi/array (dyn *args*) :string))
+  (g-application-run app (length (dyn *args*)) argv))

examples/ffi/so.c

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define EXPORTER __declspec(dllexport)
+#else
+#define EXPORTER
+#endif
+
+/* Structs */
+
+typedef struct {
+    int a, b;
+    float c, d;
+} Split;
+
+typedef struct {
+    float c, d;
+    int a, b;
+} SplitFlip;
+
+typedef struct {
+    int u, v, w, x, y, z;
+} SixInts;
+
+typedef struct {
+    int a;
+    int b;
+} intint;
+
+typedef struct {
+    int a;
+    int b;
+    int c;
+} intintint;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint64_t a;
+    uint64_t b;
+} uint64pair;
+
+typedef struct {
+    int64_t a;
+    int64_t b;
+    int64_t c;
+} big;
+
+/* Functions */
+
+EXPORTER
+int int_fn(int a, int b) {
+    return (a << 2) + b;
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+double my_fn(int64_t a, int64_t b, const char *x) {
+    return (double)(a + b) + 0.5 + strlen(x);
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+double double_fn(double x, double y, double z) {
+    return (x + y) * z * 3;
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+double double_many(double x, double y, double z, double w, double a, double b) {
+    return x + y + z + w + a + b;
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+double double_lots(
+    double a,
+    double b,
+    double c,
+    double d,
+    double e,
+    double f,
+    double g,
+    double h,
+    double i,
+    double j) {
+    return i + j;
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+double double_lots_2(
+    double a,
+    double b,
+    double c,
+    double d,
+    double e,
+    double f,
+    double g,
+    double h,
+    double i,
+    double j) {
+    return a +
+           10.0 * b +
+           100.0 * c +
+           1000.0 * d +
+           10000.0 * e +
+           100000.0 * f +
+           1000000.0 * g +
+           10000000.0 * h +
+           100000000.0 * i +
+           1000000000.0 * j;
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+double float_fn(float x, float y, float z) {
+    return (x + y) * z;
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+int intint_fn(double x, intint ii) {
+    printf("double: %g\n", x);
+    return ii.a + ii.b;
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+int intintint_fn(double x, intintint iii) {
+    printf("double: %g\n", x);
+    return iii.a + iii.b + iii.c;
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+intint return_struct(int i) {
+    intint ret;
+    ret.a = i;
+    ret.b = i * i;
+    return ret;
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+big struct_big(int i, double d) {
+    big ret;
+    ret.a = i;
+    ret.b = (int64_t) d;
+    ret.c = ret.a + ret.b + 1000;
+    return ret;
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+void void_fn(void) {
+    printf("void fn ran\n");
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+void void_fn_2(double y) {
+    printf("y = %f\n", y);
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+void void_ret_fn(int x) {
+    printf("void fn ran: %d\n", x);
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+int intintint_fn_2(intintint iii, int i) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "iii.a = %d, iii.b = %d, iii.c = %d, i = %d\n", iii.a, iii.b, iii.c, i);
+    return i * (iii.a + iii.b + iii.c);
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+float split_fn(Split s) {
+    return s.a * s.c + s.b * s.d;
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+float split_flip_fn(SplitFlip s) {
+    return s.a * s.c + s.b * s.d;
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+Split split_ret_fn(int x, float y) {
+    Split ret;
+    ret.a = x;
+    ret.b = x;
+    ret.c = y;
+    ret.d = y;
+    return ret;
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+SplitFlip split_flip_ret_fn(int x, float y) {
+    SplitFlip ret;
+    ret.a = x;
+    ret.b = x;
+    ret.c = y;
+    ret.d = y;
+    return ret;
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+SixInts sixints_fn(void) {
+    return (SixInts) {
+        6666, 1111, 2222, 3333, 4444, 5555
+    };
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+int sixints_fn_2(int x, SixInts s) {
+    return x + s.u + s.v + s.w + s.x + s.y + s.z;
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+int sixints_fn_3(SixInts s, int x) {
+    return x + s.u + s.v + s.w + s.x + s.y + s.z;
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+intint stack_spill_fn(uint8_t a, uint8_t b, uint8_t c, uint8_t d,
+                      uint8_t e, uint8_t f, uint8_t g, uint8_t h,
+                      float i, float j, float k, float l,
+                      float m, float n, float o, float p,
+                      float s1, int8_t s2, uint8_t s3, double s4, uint8_t s5, intint s6) {
+    return (intint) {
+        (a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h) + (i + j + k + l + m + n + o + p),
+        s1 *s6.a + s2 *s6.b + s3 *s4 *s5
+    };
+}
+
+EXPORTER
+double stack_spill_fn_2(uint64pair a, uint64pair b, uint64pair c, int8_t d, uint64pair e, int8_t f) {
+    return (double)(a.a * c.a + a.b * c.b + b.a * e.a) * f - (double)(b.b * e.b) + d;
+}

examples/ffi/test.janet

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+#
+# Simple FFI test script that tests against a simple shared object
+#
+
+(def is-windows (= :windows (os/which)))
+(def ffi/loc (string "examples/ffi/so." (if is-windows "dll" "so")))
+(def ffi/source-loc "examples/ffi/so.c")
+
+(if is-windows
+  (os/execute ["cl.exe" "/nologo" "/LD" ffi/source-loc "/link" "/DLL" (string "/OUT:" ffi/loc)] :px)
+  (os/execute ["cc" ffi/source-loc "-g" "-shared" "-o" ffi/loc] :px))
+
+(ffi/context ffi/loc)
+
+(def intint (ffi/struct :int :int))
+(def intintint (ffi/struct :int :int :int))
+(def uint64pair (ffi/struct :u64 :u64))
+(def big (ffi/struct :s64 :s64 :s64))
+(def split (ffi/struct :int :int :float :float))
+(def split-flip (ffi/struct :float :float :int :int))
+(def six-ints (ffi/struct :int :int :int :int :int :int))
+
+(ffi/defbind int-fn :int [a :int b :int])
+(ffi/defbind double-fn :double [a :double b :double c :double])
+(ffi/defbind double-many :double
+  [x :double y :double z :double w :double a :double b :double])
+(ffi/defbind double-lots :double
+  [a :double b :double c :double d :double e :double f :double g :double h :double i :double j :double])
+(ffi/defbind float-fn :double
+  [x :float y :float z :float])
+(ffi/defbind intint-fn :int
+  [x :double ii [:int :int]])
+(ffi/defbind return-struct [:int :int]
+  [i :int])
+(ffi/defbind intintint-fn :int
+  [x :double iii intintint])
+(ffi/defbind struct-big big
+  [i :int d :double])
+(ffi/defbind void-fn :void [])
+(ffi/defbind double-lots-2 :double
+  [a :double
+   b :double
+   c :double
+   d :double
+   e :double
+   f :double
+   g :double
+   h :double
+   i :double
+   j :double])
+(ffi/defbind void-fn-2 :void [y :double])
+(ffi/defbind intintint-fn-2 :int [iii intintint i :int])
+(ffi/defbind split-fn :float [s split])
+(ffi/defbind split-flip-fn :float [s split-flip])
+(ffi/defbind split-ret-fn split [x :int y :float])
+(ffi/defbind split-flip-ret-fn split-flip [x :int y :float])
+(ffi/defbind sixints-fn six-ints [])
+(ffi/defbind sixints-fn-2 :int [x :int s six-ints])
+(ffi/defbind sixints-fn-3 :int [s six-ints x :int])
+(ffi/defbind stack-spill-fn intint
+             [a :u8 b :u8 c :u8 d :u8
+              e :u8 f :u8 g :u8 h :u8
+              i :float j :float k :float l :float
+              m :float n :float o :float p :float
+              s1 :float s2 :s8 s3 :u8 s4 :double s5 :u8 s6 intint])
+(ffi/defbind stack-spill-fn-2 :double [a uint64pair b uint64pair c uint64pair d :s8 e uint64pair f :s8])
+(ffi/defbind-alias int-fn int-fn-aliased :int [a :int b :int])
+
+#
+# Struct reading and writing
+#
+
+(defn check-round-trip
+  [t value]
+  (def buf (ffi/write t value))
+  (def same-value (ffi/read t buf))
+  (assert (deep= value same-value)
+          (string/format "round trip %j (got %j)" value same-value)))
+
+(check-round-trip :bool true)
+(check-round-trip :bool false)
+(check-round-trip :void nil)
+(check-round-trip :void nil)
+(check-round-trip :s8 10)
+(check-round-trip :s8 0)
+(check-round-trip :s8 -10)
+(check-round-trip :u8 10)
+(check-round-trip :u8 0)
+(check-round-trip :s16 10)
+(check-round-trip :s16 0)
+(check-round-trip :s16 -12312)
+(check-round-trip :u16 10)
+(check-round-trip :u16 0)
+(check-round-trip :u32 0)
+(check-round-trip :u32 10)
+(check-round-trip :u32 0xFFFF7777)
+(check-round-trip :s32 0x7FFF7777)
+(check-round-trip :s32 0)
+(check-round-trip :s32 -1234567)
+
+(def s (ffi/struct :s8 :s8 :s8 :float))
+(check-round-trip s [1 3 5 123.5])
+(check-round-trip s [-1 -3 -5 -123.5])
+
+#
+# Call functions
+#
+
+(tracev (sixints-fn))
+(tracev (sixints-fn-2 100 [1 2 3 4 5 6]))
+(tracev (sixints-fn-3 [1 2 3 4 5 6] 200))
+(tracev (split-ret-fn 10 12))
+(tracev (split-flip-ret-fn 10 12))
+(tracev (split-flip-ret-fn 12 10))
+(tracev (intintint-fn-2 [10 20 30] 3))
+(tracev (split-fn [5 6 1.2 3.4]))
+(tracev (void-fn-2 10.3))
+(tracev (double-many 1 2 3 4 5 6))
+(tracev (string/format "%.17g" (double-many 1 2 3 4 5 6)))
+(tracev (type (double-many 1 2 3 4 5 6)))
+(tracev (double-lots-2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9))
+(tracev (void-fn))
+(tracev (int-fn 10 20))
+(tracev (double-fn 1.5 2.5 3.5))
+(tracev (double-lots 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10))
+(tracev (float-fn 8 4 17))
+(tracev (intint-fn 123.456 [10 20]))
+(tracev (intintint-fn 123.456 [10 20 30]))
+(tracev (return-struct 42))
+(tracev (double-lots 1 2 3 4 5 6 700 800 9 10))
+(tracev (struct-big 11 99.5))
+(tracev (int-fn-aliased 10 20))
+
+(assert (= [10 10 12 12] (split-ret-fn 10 12)))
+(assert (= [12 12 10 10] (split-flip-ret-fn 10 12)))
+(assert (= 183 (intintint-fn-2 [10 20 31] 3)))
+(assert (= 264 (math/round (* 10 (split-fn [5 6 1.2 3.4])))))
+(assert (= 9876543210 (double-lots-2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9)))
+(assert (= 60 (int-fn 10 20)))
+(assert (= 42 (double-fn 1.5 2.5 3.5)))
+(assert (= 21 (math/round (double-many 1 2 3 4 5 6.01))))
+(assert (= 19 (double-lots 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)))
+(assert (= 204 (float-fn 8 4 17)))
+(assert (= [0 38534415] (stack-spill-fn
+                          0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+                          0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+                          1.5 -32 196 65536.5 3 [-15 32])))
+(assert (= -2806 (stack-spill-fn-2 [2 3] [5 7] [9 11] -19 [13 17] -23)))
+
+(print "Done.")

examples/ffi/win32.janet

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+(ffi/context "user32.dll")
+
+(ffi/defbind MessageBoxA :int
+  [w :ptr text :string cap :string typ :int])
+
+(MessageBoxA nil "Hello, World!" "Test" 0)
+

examples/jitfn/hello.nasm

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+BITS 64
+
+;;;
+;;; Code
+;;;
+mov rax, 1          ; write(
+mov rdi, 1          ;   STDOUT_FILENO,
+lea rsi, [rel msg]  ;   msg,
+mov rdx, msglen     ;   sizeof(msg)
+syscall             ; );
+ret                 ; return;
+
+;;;
+;;; Constants
+;;;
+msg: db "Hello, world!", 10
+msglen: equ $ - msg

examples/jitfn/jitfn.janet

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+###
+### Relies on NASM being installed to assemble code.
+### Only works on x86-64 Linux.
+###
+### Before running, compile hello.nasm to hello.bin with
+### $ nasm hello.nasm -o hello.bin
+
+(def bin (slurp "hello.bin"))
+(def f (ffi/jitfn bin))
+(def signature (ffi/signature :default :void))
+(ffi/call f signature)
+(print "called a jitted function with FFI!")
+(print "machine code: " (describe (string/slice f)))

examples/lineloop.janet

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+(while (not (empty? (def line (getline))))
+  (prin "line: " line))

examples/marshal-stress.janet

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+(defn init-db [c]
+  (def res @{:clients @{}})
+  (var i 0)
+  (repeat c
+    (def n (string "client" i))
+    (put-in res [:clients n] @{:name n :projects @{}})
+    (++ i)
+    (repeat c
+      (def pn (string "project" i))
+      (put-in res [:clients n :projects pn] @{:name pn})
+      (++ i)
+      (repeat c
+        (def tn (string "task" i))
+        (put-in res [:clients n :projects pn :tasks tn] @{:name pn})
+        (++ i))))
+  res)
+
+(loop [c :range [30 80 1]]
+  (var s (os/clock))
+  (print "Marshal DB with " c " clients, "
+         (* c c) " projects and "
+         (* c c c) " tasks. "
+         "Total " (+ (* c c c) (* c c) c) " tables")
+  (def buf (marshal (init-db c) @{} @""))
+  (print "Buffer is " (length buf) " bytes")
+  (print "Duration " (- (os/clock) s))
+  (set s (os/clock))
+  (gccollect)
+  (print "Collected garbage in " (- (os/clock) s)))
+

examples/numarray/numarray.c

@@ -76,9 +76,16 @@ void num_array_put(void *p, Janet key, Janet value) {
     }
 }
 
+static Janet num_array_length(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
+    num_array *array = (num_array *)janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &num_array_type);
+    return janet_wrap_number(array->size);
+}
+
 static const JanetMethod methods[] = {
     {"scale", num_array_scale},
     {"sum", num_array_sum},
+    {"length", num_array_length},
     {NULL, NULL}
 };
 
@@ -109,6 +116,11 @@ static const JanetReg cfuns[] = {
         "(numarray/scale numarray factor)\n\n"
         "scale numarray by factor"
     },
+    {
+        "sum", num_array_sum,
+        "(numarray/sum numarray)\n\n"
+        "sums numarray"
+    },
     {NULL, NULL, NULL}
 };
 

examples/numarray/test/numarray_tests.janet

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-(import build/numarray)
+(import /build/numarray)
 
 (def a (numarray/new 30))
 (print (get a 20))

examples/posix-exec.janet

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Switch to python
+
+(print "running in Janet")
+(os/posix-exec ["python"] :p)
+(print "will not print")

examples/sample-bad-bundle/badmod.janet

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+(def abc 123)

examples/sample-bad-bundle/bundle.janet

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+(defn install
+  [manifest &]
+  (bundle/add-file manifest "badmod.janet"))
+
+(defn check
+  [&]
+  (error "Check failed!"))

examples/sample-bundle-aliases/aliases-mod.janet

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+(defn fun [x] (range x))

examples/sample-bundle-aliases/bundle.janet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+(defn install
+  [manifest &]
+  (bundle/add-file manifest "aliases-mod.janet"))

examples/sample-bundle-aliases/info.jdn

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+@{
+  :name "sample-bundle-aliases"
+  :dependencies ["sample-dep1" "sample-dep2"]
+}

examples/sample-bundle/bundle/info.jdn

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+@{
+  :name "sample-bundle"
+  :dependencies ["sample-dep1" "sample-dep2"]
+}

examples/sample-bundle/bundle/init.janet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+(defn install
+  [manifest &]
+  (bundle/add-file manifest "mymod.janet"))

examples/sample-bundle/mymod.janet

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+(import dep1)
+(import dep2)
+
+(defn myfn
+  [x]
+  (def y (dep2/function x))
+  (dep1/function y))

examples/sample-dep1/bundle/info.jdn

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+@{
+  :name "sample-dep1"
+  :dependencies ["sample-dep2"]
+}

examples/sample-dep1/bundle/init.janet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+(defn install
+  [manifest &]
+  (bundle/add-file manifest "dep1.janet"))

examples/sample-dep1/dep1.janet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+(defn function
+  [x]
+  (+ x x))

examples/sample-dep2/bundle/info.jdn

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+@{
+  :name "sample-dep2"
+}

examples/sample-dep2/bundle/init.janet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+(defn install
+  [manifest &]
+  (bundle/add-file manifest "dep2.janet"))

examples/sample-dep2/dep2.janet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+(defn function
+  [x]
+  (* x x))

examples/sigaction.janet

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+###
+### Usage: janet examples/sigaction.janet 1|2|3|4 &
+###
+### Then at shell: kill -s SIGTERM $!
+###
+
+(defn action
+  []
+  (print "Handled SIGTERM!")
+  (flush)
+  (os/exit 1))
+
+(defn main1
+  []
+  (os/sigaction :term action true)
+  (forever))
+
+(defn main2
+  []
+  (os/sigaction :term action)
+  (forever))
+
+(defn main3
+  []
+  (os/sigaction :term action true)
+  (forever (ev/sleep math/inf)))
+
+(defn main4
+  []
+  (os/sigaction :term action)
+  (forever (ev/sleep math/inf)))
+
+(defn main
+  [& args]
+  (def which (scan-number (get args 1 "1")))
+  (case which
+    1 (main1) # should work
+    2 (main2) # will not work
+    3 (main3) # should work
+    4 (main4) # should work
+    (error "bad main")))

examples/urlloader.janet

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-# An example of using Janet's extensible module system
-# to import files from URL. To try this, run `janet -l examples/urlloader.janet`
-# from the repl, and then:
+# An example of using Janet's extensible module system to import files from
+# URL. To try this, run `janet -l ./examples/urlloader.janet` from the command
+# line, and then at the REPL type:
 #
 # (import https://raw.githubusercontent.com/janet-lang/janet/master/examples/colors.janet :as c)
 #
-# This will import a file using curl. You can then try
+# This will import a file using curl. You can then try:
 #
 # (print (c/color :green "Hello!"))
 #
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 
 (defn- load-url
   [url args]
-  (def f (file/popen (string "curl " url)))
-  (def res (dofile f :source url ;args))
-  (try (file/close f) ([err] nil))
+  (def p (os/spawn ["curl" url "-s"] :p {:out :pipe}))
+  (def res (dofile (p :out) :source url ;args))
+  (:wait p)
   res)
 
 (defn- check-http-url

examples/weak-tables.janet

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+(def weak-k (table/weak-keys 10))
+(def weak-v (table/weak-values 10))
+(def weak-kv (table/weak 10))
+
+(put weak-kv (gensym) 10)
+(put weak-kv :hello :world)
+(put weak-k :abc123zz77asda :stuff)
+(put weak-k true :abc123zz77asda)
+(put weak-k :zyzzyz false)
+(put weak-v (gensym) 10)
+(put weak-v 20 (gensym))
+(print "before gc")
+(tracev weak-k)
+(tracev weak-v)
+(tracev weak-kv)
+(gccollect)
+(print "after gc")
+(tracev weak-k)
+(tracev weak-v)
+(tracev weak-kv)

janet.1

@@ -164,10 +164,15 @@ Execute a string of Janet source. Source code is executed in the order it is enc
 arguments are executed before later ones.
 
 .TP
-.BR \-E\ code arguments
+.BR \-E\ code\ arguments...
 Execute a single Janet expression as a Janet short-fn, passing the remaining command line arguments to the expression. This allows
 more concise one-liners with command line arguments.
 
+Example: janet -E '(print $0)' 12 is equivalent to '((short-fn (print $0)) 12)', which is in turn equivalent to
+`((fn [k] (print k)) 12)`
+
+See docs for the `short-fn` function for more details.
+
 .TP
 .BR \-d
 Enable debug mode. On all terminating signals as well the debug signal, this will
@@ -178,6 +183,10 @@ default repl.
 .BR \-n
 Disable ANSI colors in the repl. Has no effect if no repl is run.
 
+.TP
+.BR \-N
+Enable ANSI colors in the repl. Has no effect if no repl is run.
+
 .TP
 .BR \-r
 Open a REPL (Read Eval Print Loop) after executing all sources. By default, if Janet is called with no
@@ -246,7 +255,8 @@ and then arguments to the script.
 .RS
 The location to look for Janet libraries. This is the only environment variable Janet needs to
 find native and source code modules. If no JANET_PATH is set, Janet will look in
-the default location set at compile time.
+the default location set at compile time. This should be a list of as well as a colon
+separate list of such directories.
 .RE
 
 .B JANET_PROFILE
@@ -263,5 +273,11 @@ This variable does nothing in the default configuration of Janet, as PRF is disa
 cannot be defined for this variable to have an effect.
 .RE
 
+.B NO_COLOR
+.RS
+Turn off color by default in the repl and in the error handler of scripts. This can be changed at runtime
+via dynamic bindings *err-color* and *pretty-format*, or via the command line parameters -n and -N.
+.RE
+
 .SH AUTHOR
 Written by Calvin Rose <calsrose@gmail.com>

meson.build

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose and contributors
+# Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose and contributors
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -20,16 +20,35 @@
 
 project('janet', 'c',
   default_options : ['c_std=c99', 'build.c_std=c99', 'b_lundef=false', 'default_library=both'],
-  version : '1.18.0')
+  version : '1.38.0')
 
 # Global settings
 janet_path = join_paths(get_option('prefix'), get_option('libdir'), 'janet')
 header_path = join_paths(get_option('prefix'), get_option('includedir'), 'janet')
 
-# Link math library on all systems
+# Compilers
 cc = meson.get_compiler('c')
+native_cc = meson.get_compiler('c', native : true)
+
+# Native deps
+native_m_dep = native_cc.find_library('m', required : false)
+native_dl_dep = native_cc.find_library('dl', required : false)
+native_android_spawn_dep = native_cc.find_library('android-spawn', required : false)
+native_thread_dep = dependency('threads', native : true)
+
+# Deps
 m_dep = cc.find_library('m', required : false)
 dl_dep = cc.find_library('dl', required : false)
+
+# for MINGW/MSYS2
+native_ws2_dep = native_cc.find_library('ws2_32', required: false)
+native_psapi_dep = native_cc.find_library('psapi', required: false)
+native_wsock_dep = native_cc.find_library('wsock32', required: false)
+ws2_dep = cc.find_library('ws2_32', required: false)
+psapi_dep = cc.find_library('psapi', required: false)
+wsock_dep = cc.find_library('wsock32', required: false)
+
+android_spawn_dep = cc.find_library('android-spawn', required : false)
 thread_dep = dependency('threads')
 
 # Link options
@@ -60,6 +79,7 @@ conf.set('JANET_NO_SOURCEMAPS', not get_option('sourcemaps'))
 conf.set('JANET_NO_ASSEMBLER', not get_option('assembler'))
 conf.set('JANET_NO_PEG', not get_option('peg'))
 conf.set('JANET_NO_NET', not get_option('net'))
+conf.set('JANET_NO_IPV6', not get_option('ipv6'))
 conf.set('JANET_NO_EV', not get_option('ev') or get_option('single_threaded'))
 conf.set('JANET_REDUCED_OS', get_option('reduced_os'))
 conf.set('JANET_NO_INT_TYPES', not get_option('int_types'))
@@ -75,6 +95,10 @@ conf.set('JANET_SIMPLE_GETLINE', get_option('simple_getline'))
 conf.set('JANET_EV_NO_EPOLL', not get_option('epoll'))
 conf.set('JANET_EV_NO_KQUEUE', not get_option('kqueue'))
 conf.set('JANET_NO_INTERPRETER_INTERRUPT', not get_option('interpreter_interrupt'))
+conf.set('JANET_NO_FFI', not get_option('ffi'))
+conf.set('JANET_NO_FFI_JIT', not get_option('ffi_jit'))
+conf.set('JANET_NO_FILEWATCH', not get_option('filewatch'))
+conf.set('JANET_NO_CRYPTORAND', not get_option('cryptorand'))
 if get_option('os_name') != ''
   conf.set('JANET_OS_NAME', get_option('os_name'))
 endif
@@ -115,7 +139,9 @@ core_src = [
   'src/core/debug.c',
   'src/core/emit.c',
   'src/core/ev.c',
+  'src/core/ffi.c',
   'src/core/fiber.c',
+  'src/core/filewatch.c',
   'src/core/gc.c',
   'src/core/inttypes.c',
   'src/core/io.c',
@@ -156,16 +182,23 @@ mainclient_src = [
   'src/mainclient/shell.c'
 ]
 
+janet_dependencies = [m_dep, dl_dep, android_spawn_dep, ws2_dep, psapi_dep, wsock_dep]
+janet_native_dependencies = [native_m_dep, native_dl_dep, native_android_spawn_dep, native_ws2_dep, native_psapi_dep, native_wsock_dep]
+if not get_option('single_threaded')
+  janet_dependencies += thread_dep
+  janet_native_dependencies += native_thread_dep
+endif
+
 # Build boot binary
 janet_boot = executable('janet-boot', core_src, boot_src,
   include_directories : incdir,
   c_args : '-DJANET_BOOTSTRAP',
-  dependencies : [m_dep, dl_dep, thread_dep],
+  dependencies : janet_native_dependencies,
   native : true)
 
 # Build janet.c
 janetc = custom_target('janetc',
-  input : [janet_boot],
+  input : [janet_boot, 'src/boot/boot.janet'],
   output : 'janet.c',
   capture : true,
   command : [
@@ -173,30 +206,41 @@ janetc = custom_target('janetc',
     'JANET_PATH', janet_path
   ])
 
-janet_dependencies = [m_dep, dl_dep]
-if not get_option('single_threaded')
-  janet_dependencies += thread_dep
+# Allow building with no shared library
+if cc.has_argument('-fvisibility=hidden')
+  lib_cflags = ['-fvisibility=hidden']
+else
+  lib_cflags = []
 endif
-
-libjanet = library('janet', janetc,
-  include_directories : incdir,
-  dependencies : janet_dependencies,
-  version: meson.project_version(),
-  soversion: version_parts[0] + '.' + version_parts[1],
-  install : true)
-
+if get_option('shared')
+  libjanet = library('janet', janetc,
+    include_directories : incdir,
+    dependencies : janet_dependencies,
+    version: meson.project_version(),
+    soversion: version_parts[0] + '.' + version_parts[1],
+    c_args : lib_cflags,
+    install : true)
 # Extra c flags - adding -fvisibility=hidden matches the Makefile and
 # shaves off about 10k on linux x64, likely similar on other platforms.
-if cc.has_argument('-fvisibility=hidden')
-  extra_cflags = ['-fvisibility=hidden']
+  if cc.has_argument('-fvisibility=hidden')
+    extra_cflags = ['-fvisibility=hidden', '-DJANET_DLL_IMPORT']
+  else
+    extra_cflags = ['-DJANET_DLL_IMPORT']
+  endif
+  janet_mainclient = executable('janet', mainclient_src,
+    include_directories : incdir,
+    dependencies : janet_dependencies,
+    link_with: [libjanet],
+    c_args : extra_cflags,
+    install : true)
 else
-  extra_cflags = []
+  # No shared library
+  janet_mainclient = executable('janet', mainclient_src, janetc,
+    include_directories : incdir,
+    dependencies : janet_dependencies,
+    c_args : lib_cflags,
+    install : true)
 endif
-janet_mainclient = executable('janet', janetc, mainclient_src,
-  include_directories : incdir,
-  dependencies : janet_dependencies,
-  c_args : extra_cflags,
-  install : true)
 
 if meson.is_cross_build()
   native_cc = meson.get_compiler('c', native: true)
@@ -207,7 +251,7 @@ if meson.is_cross_build()
   endif
   janet_nativeclient = executable('janet-native', janetc, mainclient_src,
     include_directories : incdir,
-    dependencies : janet_dependencies,
+    dependencies : janet_native_dependencies,
     c_args : extra_native_cflags,
     native : true)
 else
@@ -223,17 +267,37 @@ docs = custom_target('docs',
 
 # Tests
 test_files = [
-  'test/suite0000.janet',
-  'test/suite0001.janet',
-  'test/suite0002.janet',
-  'test/suite0003.janet',
-  'test/suite0004.janet',
-  'test/suite0005.janet',
-  'test/suite0006.janet',
-  'test/suite0007.janet',
-  'test/suite0008.janet',
-  'test/suite0009.janet',
-  'test/suite0010.janet'
+  'test/suite-array.janet',
+  'test/suite-asm.janet',
+  'test/suite-boot.janet',
+  'test/suite-buffer.janet',
+  'test/suite-bundle.janet',
+  'test/suite-capi.janet',
+  'test/suite-cfuns.janet',
+  'test/suite-compile.janet',
+  'test/suite-corelib.janet',
+  'test/suite-debug.janet',
+  'test/suite-ev.janet',
+  'test/suite-ffi.janet',
+  'test/suite-filewatch.janet',
+  'test/suite-inttypes.janet',
+  'test/suite-io.janet',
+  'test/suite-marsh.janet',
+  'test/suite-math.janet',
+  'test/suite-os.janet',
+  'test/suite-parse.janet',
+  'test/suite-peg.janet',
+  'test/suite-pp.janet',
+  'test/suite-specials.janet',
+  'test/suite-string.janet',
+  'test/suite-strtod.janet',
+  'test/suite-struct.janet',
+  'test/suite-symcache.janet',
+  'test/suite-table.janet',
+  'test/suite-tuple.janet',
+  'test/suite-unknown.janet',
+  'test/suite-value.janet',
+  'test/suite-vm.janet'
 ]
 foreach t : test_files
   test(t, janet_nativeclient, args : files([t]), workdir : meson.current_source_dir())
@@ -243,14 +307,15 @@ endforeach
 run_target('repl', command : [janet_nativeclient])
 
 # For use as meson subproject (wrap)
-janet_dep = declare_dependency(include_directories : incdir,
-  link_with : libjanet)
-
+if get_option('shared')
+  janet_dep = declare_dependency(include_directories : incdir,
+    link_with : libjanet)
 # pkgconfig
-pkg = import('pkgconfig')
-pkg.generate(libjanet,
-  subdirs: 'janet',
-  description: 'Library for the Janet programming language.')
+  pkg = import('pkgconfig')
+  pkg.generate(libjanet,
+    subdirs: 'janet',
+    description: 'Library for the Janet programming language.')
+endif
 
 # Installation
 install_man('janet.1')
@@ -260,5 +325,12 @@ patched_janet = custom_target('patched-janeth',
   install : true,
   install_dir : join_paths(get_option('includedir'), 'janet'),
   build_by_default : true,
-  output : ['janet.h'],
+  output : ['janet_' + meson.project_version() + '.h'],
   command : [janet_nativeclient, '@INPUT@', '@OUTPUT@'])
+
+# Create a version of the janet.h header that matches what jpm often expects
+if meson.version().version_compare('>=0.61')
+  install_symlink('janet.h', pointing_to: 'janet/janet_' + meson.project_version() + '.h', install_dir: get_option('includedir'))
+  install_symlink('janet.h', pointing_to: 'janet_' + meson.project_version() + '.h', install_dir: join_paths(get_option('includedir'), 'janet'))
+endif
+

meson_options.txt

@@ -11,14 +11,18 @@ option('peg', type : 'boolean', value : true)
 option('int_types', type : 'boolean', value : true)
 option('prf', type : 'boolean', value : false)
 option('net', type : 'boolean', value : true)
+option('ipv6', type : 'boolean', value : true)
 option('ev', type : 'boolean', value : true)
 option('processes', type : 'boolean', value : true)
 option('umask', type : 'boolean', value : true)
 option('realpath', type : 'boolean', value : true)
 option('simple_getline', type : 'boolean', value : false)
-option('epoll', type : 'boolean', value : false)
-option('kqueue', type : 'boolean', value : false)
-option('interpreter_interrupt', type : 'boolean', value : false)
+option('epoll', type : 'boolean', value : true)
+option('kqueue', type : 'boolean', value : true)
+option('interpreter_interrupt', type : 'boolean', value : true)
+option('ffi', type : 'boolean', value : true)
+option('ffi_jit', type : 'boolean', value : true)
+option('filewatch', type : 'boolean', value : true)
 
 option('recursion_guard', type : 'integer', min : 10, max : 8000, value : 1024)
 option('max_proto_depth', type : 'integer', min : 10, max : 8000, value : 200)
@@ -27,3 +31,5 @@ option('stack_max', type : 'integer', min : 8096, max : 0x7fffffff, value : 0x7f
 
 option('arch_name', type : 'string', value: '')
 option('os_name', type : 'string', value: '')
+option('shared', type : 'boolean', value: true)
+option('cryptorand', type : 'boolean', value: true)

src/boot/array_test.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/boot/boot.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/boot/buffer_test.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/boot/number_test.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/boot/system_test.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 #include <janet.h>
 #include <assert.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
 #include <math.h>
 
 #include "tests.h"
@@ -35,6 +35,11 @@ int system_test() {
     assert(sizeof(void *) == 8);
 #endif
 
+    /* Check the version defines are self consistent */
+    char version_combined[256];
+    sprintf(version_combined, "%d.%d.%d%s", JANET_VERSION_MAJOR, JANET_VERSION_MINOR, JANET_VERSION_PATCH, JANET_VERSION_EXTRA);
+    assert(!strcmp(JANET_VERSION, version_combined));
+
     /* Reflexive testing and nanbox testing */
     assert(janet_equals(janet_wrap_nil(), janet_wrap_nil()));
     assert(janet_equals(janet_wrap_false(), janet_wrap_false()));
@@ -70,6 +75,5 @@ int system_test() {
 
     assert(janet_equals(tuple1, tuple2));
 
-
     return 0;
 }

src/boot/table_test.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/conf/janetconf.h

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
 #define JANETCONF_H
 
 #define JANET_VERSION_MAJOR 1
-#define JANET_VERSION_MINOR 18
+#define JANET_VERSION_MINOR 38
 #define JANET_VERSION_PATCH 0
 #define JANET_VERSION_EXTRA ""
-#define JANET_VERSION "1.18.0"
+#define JANET_VERSION "1.38.0"
 
 /* #define JANET_BUILD "local" */
 
@@ -29,10 +29,13 @@
 /* #define JANET_NO_NET */
 /* #define JANET_NO_INT_TYPES */
 /* #define JANET_NO_EV */
+/* #define JANET_NO_FILEWATCH */
 /* #define JANET_NO_REALPATH */
 /* #define JANET_NO_SYMLINKS */
 /* #define JANET_NO_UMASK */
 /* #define JANET_NO_THREADS */
+/* #define JANET_NO_FFI */
+/* #define JANET_NO_FFI_JIT */
 
 /* Other settings */
 /* #define JANET_DEBUG */
@@ -50,6 +53,9 @@
 /* #define JANET_EV_NO_EPOLL */
 /* #define JANET_EV_NO_KQUEUE */
 /* #define JANET_NO_INTERPRETER_INTERRUPT */
+/* #define JANET_NO_IPV6 */
+/* #define JANET_NO_CRYPTORAND */
+/* #define JANET_USE_STDATOMIC */
 
 /* Custom vm allocator support */
 /* #include <mimalloc.h> */

src/core/abstract.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -23,14 +23,16 @@
 #ifndef JANET_AMALG
 #include "features.h"
 #include <janet.h>
+#include "util.h"
 #include "gc.h"
 #include "state.h"
+#endif
+
 #ifdef JANET_EV
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
 #include <windows.h>
 #endif
 #endif
-#endif
 
 /* Create new userdata */
 void *janet_abstract_begin(const JanetAbstractType *atype, size_t size) {
@@ -63,8 +65,8 @@ void *janet_abstract_begin_threaded(const JanetAbstractType *atype, size_t size)
     }
     janet_vm.next_collection += size + sizeof(JanetAbstractHead);
     header->gc.flags = JANET_MEMORY_THREADED_ABSTRACT;
-    header->gc.next = NULL; /* Clear memory for address sanitizers */
-    header->gc.refcount = 1;
+    header->gc.data.next = NULL; /* Clear memory for address sanitizers */
+    header->gc.data.refcount = 1;
     header->size = size;
     header->type = atype;
     void *abstract = (void *) & (header->data);
@@ -85,12 +87,12 @@ void *janet_abstract_threaded(const JanetAbstractType *atype, size_t size) {
 
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
 
-static int32_t janet_incref(JanetAbstractHead *ab) {
-    return InterlockedIncrement(&ab->gc.refcount);
+size_t janet_os_mutex_size(void) {
+    return sizeof(CRITICAL_SECTION);
 }
 
-static int32_t janet_decref(JanetAbstractHead *ab) {
-    return InterlockedDecrement(&ab->gc.refcount);
+size_t janet_os_rwlock_size(void) {
+    return sizeof(void *);
 }
 
 void janet_os_mutex_init(JanetOSMutex *mutex) {
@@ -106,43 +108,97 @@ void janet_os_mutex_lock(JanetOSMutex *mutex) {
 }
 
 void janet_os_mutex_unlock(JanetOSMutex *mutex) {
+    /* error handling? May want to keep counter */
     LeaveCriticalSection((CRITICAL_SECTION *) mutex);
 }
 
+void janet_os_rwlock_init(JanetOSRWLock *rwlock) {
+    InitializeSRWLock((PSRWLOCK) rwlock);
+}
+
+void janet_os_rwlock_deinit(JanetOSRWLock *rwlock) {
+    /* no op? */
+    (void) rwlock;
+}
+
+void janet_os_rwlock_rlock(JanetOSRWLock *rwlock) {
+    AcquireSRWLockShared((PSRWLOCK) rwlock);
+}
+
+void janet_os_rwlock_wlock(JanetOSRWLock *rwlock) {
+    AcquireSRWLockExclusive((PSRWLOCK) rwlock);
+}
+
+void janet_os_rwlock_runlock(JanetOSRWLock *rwlock) {
+    ReleaseSRWLockShared((PSRWLOCK) rwlock);
+}
+
+void janet_os_rwlock_wunlock(JanetOSRWLock *rwlock) {
+    ReleaseSRWLockExclusive((PSRWLOCK) rwlock);
+}
+
 #else
 
-static int32_t janet_incref(JanetAbstractHead *ab) {
-    return __atomic_add_fetch(&ab->gc.refcount, 1, __ATOMIC_RELAXED);
+size_t janet_os_mutex_size(void) {
+    return sizeof(pthread_mutex_t);
 }
 
-static int32_t janet_decref(JanetAbstractHead *ab) {
-    return __atomic_add_fetch(&ab->gc.refcount, -1, __ATOMIC_RELAXED);
+size_t janet_os_rwlock_size(void) {
+    return sizeof(pthread_rwlock_t);
 }
 
 void janet_os_mutex_init(JanetOSMutex *mutex) {
-    pthread_mutex_init(mutex, NULL);
+    pthread_mutexattr_t attr;
+    pthread_mutexattr_init(&attr);
+    pthread_mutexattr_settype(&attr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
+    pthread_mutex_init((pthread_mutex_t *) mutex, &attr);
 }
 
 void janet_os_mutex_deinit(JanetOSMutex *mutex) {
-    pthread_mutex_destroy(mutex);
+    pthread_mutex_destroy((pthread_mutex_t *) mutex);
 }
 
 void janet_os_mutex_lock(JanetOSMutex *mutex) {
-    pthread_mutex_lock(mutex);
+    pthread_mutex_lock((pthread_mutex_t *) mutex);
 }
 
 void janet_os_mutex_unlock(JanetOSMutex *mutex) {
-    pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex);
+    int ret = pthread_mutex_unlock((pthread_mutex_t *) mutex);
+    if (ret) janet_panic("cannot release lock");
+}
+
+void janet_os_rwlock_init(JanetOSRWLock *rwlock) {
+    pthread_rwlock_init((pthread_rwlock_t *) rwlock, NULL);
+}
+
+void janet_os_rwlock_deinit(JanetOSRWLock *rwlock) {
+    pthread_rwlock_destroy((pthread_rwlock_t *) rwlock);
+}
+
+void janet_os_rwlock_rlock(JanetOSRWLock *rwlock) {
+    pthread_rwlock_rdlock((pthread_rwlock_t *) rwlock);
+}
+
+void janet_os_rwlock_wlock(JanetOSRWLock *rwlock) {
+    pthread_rwlock_wrlock((pthread_rwlock_t *) rwlock);
+}
+
+void janet_os_rwlock_runlock(JanetOSRWLock *rwlock) {
+    pthread_rwlock_unlock((pthread_rwlock_t *) rwlock);
+}
+
+void janet_os_rwlock_wunlock(JanetOSRWLock *rwlock) {
+    pthread_rwlock_unlock((pthread_rwlock_t *) rwlock);
 }
 
 #endif
 
 int32_t janet_abstract_incref(void *abst) {
-    return janet_incref(janet_abstract_head(abst));
+    return janet_atomic_inc(&janet_abstract_head(abst)->gc.data.refcount);
 }
 
 int32_t janet_abstract_decref(void *abst) {
-    return janet_decref(janet_abstract_head(abst));
+    return janet_atomic_dec(&janet_abstract_head(abst)->gc.data.refcount);
 }
 
 #endif

src/core/array.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -30,9 +30,7 @@
 
 #include <string.h>
 
-/* Creates a new array */
-JanetArray *janet_array(int32_t capacity) {
-    JanetArray *array = janet_gcalloc(JANET_MEMORY_ARRAY, sizeof(JanetArray));
+static void janet_array_impl(JanetArray *array, int32_t capacity) {
     Janet *data = NULL;
     if (capacity > 0) {
         janet_vm.next_collection += capacity * sizeof(Janet);
@@ -44,6 +42,19 @@ JanetArray *janet_array(int32_t capacity) {
     array->count = 0;
     array->capacity = capacity;
     array->data = data;
+}
+
+/* Creates a new array */
+JanetArray *janet_array(int32_t capacity) {
+    JanetArray *array = janet_gcalloc(JANET_MEMORY_ARRAY, sizeof(JanetArray));
+    janet_array_impl(array, capacity);
+    return array;
+}
+
+/* Creates a new array with weak references */
+JanetArray *janet_array_weak(int32_t capacity) {
+    JanetArray *array = janet_gcalloc(JANET_MEMORY_ARRAY_WEAK, sizeof(JanetArray));
+    janet_array_impl(array, capacity);
     return array;
 }
 
@@ -125,18 +136,27 @@ Janet janet_array_peek(JanetArray *array) {
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_array_new,
               "(array/new capacity)",
               "Creates a new empty array with a pre-allocated capacity. The same as "
-              "(array) but can be more efficient if the maximum size of an array is known.") {
+              "`(array)` but can be more efficient if the maximum size of an array is known.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     int32_t cap = janet_getinteger(argv, 0);
     JanetArray *array = janet_array(cap);
     return janet_wrap_array(array);
 }
 
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_array_weak,
+              "(array/weak capacity)",
+              "Creates a new empty array with a pre-allocated capacity and support for weak references. Similar to `array/new`.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
+    int32_t cap = janet_getinteger(argv, 0);
+    JanetArray *array = janet_array_weak(cap);
+    return janet_wrap_array(array);
+}
+
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_array_new_filled,
               "(array/new-filled count &opt value)",
               "Creates a new array of `count` elements, all set to `value`, which defaults to nil. Returns the new array.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 1, 2);
-    int32_t count = janet_getinteger(argv, 0);
+    int32_t count = janet_getnat(argv, 0);
     Janet x = (argc == 2) ? argv[1] : janet_wrap_nil();
     JanetArray *array = janet_array(count);
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
@@ -177,8 +197,8 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_array_peek,
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_array_push,
-              "(array/push arr x)",
-              "Insert an element in the end of an array. Modifies the input array and returns it.") {
+              "(array/push arr & xs)",
+              "Push all the elements of xs to the end of an array. Modifies the input array and returns it.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 1, -1);
     JanetArray *array = janet_getarray(argv, 0);
     if (INT32_MAX - argc + 1 <= array->count) {
@@ -194,7 +214,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_array_push,
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_array_ensure,
               "(array/ensure arr capacity growth)",
               "Ensures that the memory backing the array is large enough for `capacity` "
-              "items at the given rate of growth. Capacity and growth must be integers. "
+              "items at the given rate of growth. `capacity` and `growth` must be integers. "
               "If the backing capacity is already enough, then this function does nothing. "
               "Otherwise, the backing memory will be reallocated so that there is enough space.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 3);
@@ -211,7 +231,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_array_slice,
               "Takes a slice of array or tuple from `start` to `end`. The range is half open, "
               "[start, end). Indexes can also be negative, indicating indexing from the "
               "end of the array. By default, `start` is 0 and `end` is the length of the array. "
-              "Note that index -1 is synonymous with index `(length arrtup)` to allow a full "
+              "Note that if the range is negative, it is taken as (start, end] to allow a full "
               "negative slice range. Returns a new array.") {
     JanetView view = janet_getindexed(argv, 0);
     JanetRange range = janet_getslice(argc, argv);
@@ -255,12 +275,37 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_array_concat,
     return janet_wrap_array(array);
 }
 
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_array_join,
+              "(array/join arr & parts)",
+              "Join a variable number of arrays and tuples into the first argument, "
+              "which must be an array. "
+              "Return the modified array `arr`.") {
+    int32_t i;
+    janet_arity(argc, 1, -1);
+    JanetArray *array = janet_getarray(argv, 0);
+    for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+        int32_t j, len = 0;
+        const Janet *vals = NULL;
+        if (!janet_indexed_view(argv[i], &vals, &len)) {
+            janet_panicf("expected indexed type for argument %d, got %v", i, argv[i]);
+        }
+        if (array->data == vals) {
+            int32_t newcount = array->count + len;
+            janet_array_ensure(array, newcount, 2);
+            janet_indexed_view(argv[i], &vals, &len);
+        }
+        for (j = 0; j < len; j++)
+            janet_array_push(array, vals[j]);
+    }
+    return janet_wrap_array(array);
+}
+
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_array_insert,
               "(array/insert arr at & xs)",
               "Insert all `xs` into array `arr` at index `at`. `at` should be an integer between "
               "0 and the length of the array. A negative value for `at` will index backwards from "
-              "the end of the array, such that inserting at -1 appends to the array. "
-              "Returns the array.") {
+              "the end of the array, inserting after the index such that inserting at -1 appends to "
+              "the array. Returns the array.") {
     size_t chunksize, restsize;
     janet_arity(argc, 2, -1);
     JanetArray *array = janet_getarray(argv, 0);
@@ -297,7 +342,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_array_remove,
     int32_t at = janet_getinteger(argv, 1);
     int32_t n = 1;
     if (at < 0) {
-        at = array->count + at + 1;
+        at = array->count + at;
     }
     if (at < 0 || at > array->count)
         janet_panicf("removal index %d out of range [0,%d]", at, array->count);
@@ -352,6 +397,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_array_clear,
 void janet_lib_array(JanetTable *env) {
     JanetRegExt array_cfuns[] = {
         JANET_CORE_REG("array/new", cfun_array_new),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("array/weak", cfun_array_weak),
         JANET_CORE_REG("array/new-filled", cfun_array_new_filled),
         JANET_CORE_REG("array/fill", cfun_array_fill),
         JANET_CORE_REG("array/pop", cfun_array_pop),
@@ -364,6 +410,7 @@ void janet_lib_array(JanetTable *env) {
         JANET_CORE_REG("array/remove", cfun_array_remove),
         JANET_CORE_REG("array/trim", cfun_array_trim),
         JANET_CORE_REG("array/clear", cfun_array_clear),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("array/join", cfun_array_join),
         JANET_REG_END
     };
     janet_core_cfuns_ext(env, NULL, array_cfuns);

src/core/asm.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ static const JanetInstructionDef janet_ops[] = {
     {"cmp", JOP_COMPARE},
     {"cncl", JOP_CANCEL},
     {"div", JOP_DIVIDE},
+    {"divf", JOP_DIVIDE_FLOOR},
     {"divim", JOP_DIVIDE_IMMEDIATE},
     {"eq", JOP_EQUALS},
     {"eqim", JOP_EQUALS_IMMEDIATE},
@@ -137,6 +138,7 @@ static const JanetInstructionDef janet_ops[] = {
     {"sru", JOP_SHIFT_RIGHT_UNSIGNED},
     {"sruim", JOP_SHIFT_RIGHT_UNSIGNED_IMMEDIATE},
     {"sub", JOP_SUBTRACT},
+    {"subim", JOP_SUBTRACT_IMMEDIATE},
     {"tcall", JOP_TAILCALL},
     {"tchck", JOP_TYPECHECK}
 };
@@ -187,7 +189,11 @@ static void janet_asm_longjmp(JanetAssembler *a) {
 
 /* Throw some kind of assembly error */
 static void janet_asm_error(JanetAssembler *a, const char *message) {
-    a->errmessage = janet_formatc("%s, instruction %d", message, a->errindex);
+    if (a->errindex < 0) {
+        a->errmessage = janet_formatc("%s", message);
+    } else {
+        a->errmessage = janet_formatc("%s, instruction %d", message, a->errindex);
+    }
     janet_asm_longjmp(a);
 }
 #define janet_asm_assert(a, c, m) do { if (!(c)) janet_asm_error((a), (m)); } while (0)
@@ -516,6 +522,7 @@ static JanetAssembleResult janet_asm1(JanetAssembler *parent, Janet source, int
 #endif
         if (NULL != a.parent) {
             janet_asm_deinit(&a);
+            a.parent->errmessage = a.errmessage;
             janet_asm_longjmp(a.parent);
         }
         result.funcdef = NULL;
@@ -553,6 +560,13 @@ static JanetAssembleResult janet_asm1(JanetAssembler *parent, Janet source, int
     x = janet_get1(s, janet_ckeywordv("vararg"));
     if (janet_truthy(x)) def->flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_VARARG;
 
+    /* Initialize slotcount */
+    def->slotcount = !!(def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_VARARG) + def->arity;
+
+    /* Check structarg */
+    x = janet_get1(s, janet_ckeywordv("structarg"));
+    if (janet_truthy(x)) def->flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_STRUCTARG;
+
     /* Check source */
     x = janet_get1(s, janet_ckeywordv("source"));
     if (janet_checktype(x, JANET_STRING)) def->source = janet_unwrap_string(x);
@@ -597,6 +611,9 @@ static JanetAssembleResult janet_asm1(JanetAssembler *parent, Janet source, int
 
     /* Parse sub funcdefs */
     x = janet_get1(s, janet_ckeywordv("closures"));
+    if (janet_checktype(x, JANET_NIL)) {
+        x = janet_get1(s, janet_ckeywordv("defs"));
+    }
     if (janet_indexed_view(x, &arr, &count)) {
         int32_t i;
         for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
@@ -709,16 +726,70 @@ static JanetAssembleResult janet_asm1(JanetAssembler *parent, Janet source, int
         }
     }
 
+    /* Set symbolmap */
+    def->symbolmap = NULL;
+    def->symbolmap_length = 0;
+    x = janet_get1(s, janet_ckeywordv("symbolmap"));
+    if (janet_indexed_view(x, &arr, &count)) {
+        def->symbolmap_length = count;
+        def->symbolmap = janet_malloc(sizeof(JanetSymbolMap) * (size_t)count);
+        if (NULL == def->symbolmap) {
+            JANET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+        }
+        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            const Janet *tup;
+            Janet entry = arr[i];
+            JanetSymbolMap ss;
+            if (!janet_checktype(entry, JANET_TUPLE)) {
+                janet_asm_error(&a, "expected tuple");
+            }
+            tup = janet_unwrap_tuple(entry);
+            if (janet_keyeq(tup[0], "upvalue")) {
+                ss.birth_pc = UINT32_MAX;
+            } else if (!janet_checkint(tup[0])) {
+                janet_asm_error(&a, "expected integer");
+            } else {
+                ss.birth_pc = janet_unwrap_integer(tup[0]);
+            }
+            if (!janet_checkint(tup[1])) {
+                janet_asm_error(&a, "expected integer");
+            }
+            if (!janet_checkint(tup[2])) {
+                janet_asm_error(&a, "expected integer");
+            }
+            if (!janet_checktype(tup[3], JANET_SYMBOL)) {
+                janet_asm_error(&a, "expected symbol");
+            }
+            ss.death_pc = janet_unwrap_integer(tup[1]);
+            ss.slot_index = janet_unwrap_integer(tup[2]);
+            ss.symbol = janet_unwrap_symbol(tup[3]);
+            def->symbolmap[i] = ss;
+        }
+    }
+    if (def->symbolmap_length) def->flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASSYMBOLMAP;
+
     /* Set environments */
-    def->environments =
-        janet_realloc(def->environments, def->environments_length * sizeof(int32_t));
-    if (NULL == def->environments) {
+    x = janet_get1(s, janet_ckeywordv("environments"));
+    if (janet_indexed_view(x, &arr, &count)) {
+        def->environments_length = count;
+        if (def->environments_length) {
+            def->environments = janet_realloc(def->environments, def->environments_length * sizeof(int32_t));
+        }
+        for (int32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            if (!janet_checkint(arr[i])) {
+                janet_asm_error(&a, "expected integer");
+            }
+            def->environments[i] = janet_unwrap_integer(arr[i]);
+        }
+    }
+    if (def->environments_length && NULL == def->environments) {
         JANET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
     }
 
     /* Verify the func def */
-    if (janet_verify(def)) {
-        janet_asm_error(&a, "invalid assembly");
+    int verify_status = janet_verify(def);
+    if (verify_status) {
+        janet_asm_errorv(&a, janet_formatc("invalid assembly (%d)", verify_status));
     }
 
     /* Add final flags */
@@ -861,6 +932,29 @@ static Janet janet_disasm_slotcount(JanetFuncDef *def) {
     return janet_wrap_integer(def->slotcount);
 }
 
+static Janet janet_disasm_symbolslots(JanetFuncDef *def) {
+    if (def->symbolmap == NULL) {
+        return janet_wrap_nil();
+    }
+    JanetArray *symbolslots = janet_array(def->symbolmap_length);
+    Janet upvaluekw = janet_ckeywordv("upvalue");
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < def->symbolmap_length; i++) {
+        JanetSymbolMap ss = def->symbolmap[i];
+        Janet *t = janet_tuple_begin(4);
+        if (ss.birth_pc == UINT32_MAX) {
+            t[0] = upvaluekw;
+        } else {
+            t[0] = janet_wrap_integer(ss.birth_pc);
+        }
+        t[1] = janet_wrap_integer(ss.death_pc);
+        t[2] = janet_wrap_integer(ss.slot_index);
+        t[3] = janet_wrap_symbol(ss.symbol);
+        symbolslots->data[i] = janet_wrap_tuple(janet_tuple_end(t));
+    }
+    symbolslots->count = def->symbolmap_length;
+    return janet_wrap_array(symbolslots);
+}
+
 static Janet janet_disasm_bytecode(JanetFuncDef *def) {
     JanetArray *bcode = janet_array(def->bytecode_length);
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < def->bytecode_length; i++) {
@@ -884,6 +978,10 @@ static Janet janet_disasm_vararg(JanetFuncDef *def) {
     return janet_wrap_boolean(def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_VARARG);
 }
 
+static Janet janet_disasm_structarg(JanetFuncDef *def) {
+    return janet_wrap_boolean(def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_STRUCTARG);
+}
+
 static Janet janet_disasm_constants(JanetFuncDef *def) {
     JanetArray *constants = janet_array(def->constants_length);
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < def->constants_length; i++) {
@@ -933,8 +1031,10 @@ Janet janet_disasm(JanetFuncDef *def) {
     janet_table_put(ret, janet_ckeywordv("bytecode"), janet_disasm_bytecode(def));
     janet_table_put(ret, janet_ckeywordv("source"), janet_disasm_source(def));
     janet_table_put(ret, janet_ckeywordv("vararg"), janet_disasm_vararg(def));
+    janet_table_put(ret, janet_ckeywordv("structarg"), janet_disasm_structarg(def));
     janet_table_put(ret, janet_ckeywordv("name"), janet_disasm_name(def));
     janet_table_put(ret, janet_ckeywordv("slotcount"), janet_disasm_slotcount(def));
+    janet_table_put(ret, janet_ckeywordv("symbolmap"), janet_disasm_symbolslots(def));
     janet_table_put(ret, janet_ckeywordv("constants"), janet_disasm_constants(def));
     janet_table_put(ret, janet_ckeywordv("sourcemap"), janet_disasm_sourcemap(def));
     janet_table_put(ret, janet_ckeywordv("environments"), janet_disasm_environments(def));
@@ -952,7 +1052,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_asm,
     JanetAssembleResult res;
     res = janet_asm(argv[0], 0);
     if (res.status != JANET_ASSEMBLE_OK) {
-        janet_panics(res.error);
+        janet_panics(res.error ? res.error : janet_cstring("invalid assembly"));
     }
     return janet_wrap_function(janet_thunk(res.funcdef));
 }
@@ -971,6 +1071,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_disasm,
               "* :source - name of source file that this function was compiled from.\n"
               "* :name - name of function.\n"
               "* :slotcount - how many virtual registers, or slots, this function uses. Corresponds to stack space used by function.\n"
+              "* :symbolmap - all symbols and their slots.\n"
               "* :constants - an array of constants referenced by this function.\n"
               "* :sourcemap - a mapping of each bytecode instruction to a line and column in the source file.\n"
               "* :environments - an internal mapping of which enclosing functions are referenced for bindings.\n"
@@ -986,6 +1087,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_disasm,
         if (!janet_cstrcmp(kw, "source")) return janet_disasm_source(f->def);
         if (!janet_cstrcmp(kw, "name")) return janet_disasm_name(f->def);
         if (!janet_cstrcmp(kw, "vararg")) return janet_disasm_vararg(f->def);
+        if (!janet_cstrcmp(kw, "structarg")) return janet_disasm_structarg(f->def);
         if (!janet_cstrcmp(kw, "slotcount")) return janet_disasm_slotcount(f->def);
         if (!janet_cstrcmp(kw, "constants")) return janet_disasm_constants(f->def);
         if (!janet_cstrcmp(kw, "sourcemap")) return janet_disasm_sourcemap(f->def);

src/core/buffer.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -28,8 +28,15 @@
 #include "state.h"
 #endif
 
+/* Allow for managed buffers that cannot realloc/free their backing memory */
+static void janet_buffer_can_realloc(JanetBuffer *buffer) {
+    if (buffer->gc.flags & JANET_BUFFER_FLAG_NO_REALLOC) {
+        janet_panic("buffer cannot reallocate foreign memory");
+    }
+}
+
 /* Initialize a buffer */
-JanetBuffer *janet_buffer_init(JanetBuffer *buffer, int32_t capacity) {
+static JanetBuffer *janet_buffer_init_impl(JanetBuffer *buffer, int32_t capacity) {
     uint8_t *data = NULL;
     if (capacity < 4) capacity = 4;
     janet_gcpressure(capacity);
@@ -43,15 +50,37 @@ JanetBuffer *janet_buffer_init(JanetBuffer *buffer, int32_t capacity) {
     return buffer;
 }
 
+/* Initialize a buffer */
+JanetBuffer *janet_buffer_init(JanetBuffer *buffer, int32_t capacity) {
+    janet_buffer_init_impl(buffer, capacity);
+    buffer->gc.data.next = NULL;
+    buffer->gc.flags = JANET_MEM_DISABLED;
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+/* Initialize an unmanaged buffer */
+JanetBuffer *janet_pointer_buffer_unsafe(void *memory, int32_t capacity, int32_t count) {
+    if (count < 0) janet_panic("count < 0");
+    if (capacity < count) janet_panic("capacity < count");
+    JanetBuffer *buffer = janet_gcalloc(JANET_MEMORY_BUFFER, sizeof(JanetBuffer));
+    buffer->gc.flags |= JANET_BUFFER_FLAG_NO_REALLOC;
+    buffer->capacity = capacity;
+    buffer->count = count;
+    buffer->data = (uint8_t *) memory;
+    return buffer;
+}
+
 /* Deinitialize a buffer (free data memory) */
 void janet_buffer_deinit(JanetBuffer *buffer) {
-    janet_free(buffer->data);
+    if (!(buffer->gc.flags & JANET_BUFFER_FLAG_NO_REALLOC)) {
+        janet_free(buffer->data);
+    }
 }
 
 /* Initialize a buffer */
 JanetBuffer *janet_buffer(int32_t capacity) {
     JanetBuffer *buffer = janet_gcalloc(JANET_MEMORY_BUFFER, sizeof(JanetBuffer));
-    return janet_buffer_init(buffer, capacity);
+    return janet_buffer_init_impl(buffer, capacity);
 }
 
 /* Ensure that the buffer has enough internal capacity */
@@ -59,6 +88,7 @@ void janet_buffer_ensure(JanetBuffer *buffer, int32_t capacity, int32_t growth)
     uint8_t *new_data;
     uint8_t *old = buffer->data;
     if (capacity <= buffer->capacity) return;
+    janet_buffer_can_realloc(buffer);
     int64_t big_capacity = ((int64_t) capacity) * growth;
     capacity = big_capacity > INT32_MAX ? INT32_MAX : (int32_t) big_capacity;
     janet_gcpressure(capacity - buffer->capacity);
@@ -91,6 +121,7 @@ void janet_buffer_extra(JanetBuffer *buffer, int32_t n) {
     }
     int32_t new_size = buffer->count + n;
     if (new_size > buffer->capacity) {
+        janet_buffer_can_realloc(buffer);
         int32_t new_capacity = (new_size > (INT32_MAX / 2)) ? INT32_MAX : (new_size * 2);
         uint8_t *new_data = janet_realloc(buffer->data, new_capacity * sizeof(uint8_t));
         janet_gcpressure(new_capacity - buffer->capacity);
@@ -104,8 +135,7 @@ void janet_buffer_extra(JanetBuffer *buffer, int32_t n) {
 
 /* Push a cstring to buffer */
 void janet_buffer_push_cstring(JanetBuffer *buffer, const char *cstring) {
-    int32_t len = 0;
-    while (cstring[len]) ++len;
+    int32_t len = (int32_t) strlen(cstring);
     janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, (const uint8_t *) cstring, len);
 }
 
@@ -164,7 +194,7 @@ void janet_buffer_push_u64(JanetBuffer *buffer, uint64_t x) {
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_new,
               "(buffer/new capacity)",
-              "Creates a new, empty buffer with enough backing memory for capacity bytes. "
+              "Creates a new, empty buffer with enough backing memory for `capacity` bytes. "
               "Returns a new buffer of length 0.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     int32_t cap = janet_getinteger(argv, 0);
@@ -174,21 +204,36 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_new,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_new_filled,
               "(buffer/new-filled count &opt byte)",
-              "Creates a new buffer of length count filled with byte. By default, byte is 0. "
+              "Creates a new buffer of length `count` filled with `byte`. By default, `byte` is 0. "
               "Returns the new buffer.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 1, 2);
     int32_t count = janet_getinteger(argv, 0);
+    if (count < 0) count = 0;
     int32_t byte = 0;
     if (argc == 2) {
         byte = janet_getinteger(argv, 1) & 0xFF;
     }
     JanetBuffer *buffer = janet_buffer(count);
-    if (buffer->data)
+    if (buffer->data && count > 0)
         memset(buffer->data, byte, count);
     buffer->count = count;
     return janet_wrap_buffer(buffer);
 }
 
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_frombytes,
+              "(buffer/from-bytes & byte-vals)",
+              "Creates a buffer from integer parameters with byte values. All integers "
+              "will be coerced to the range of 1 byte 0-255.") {
+    int32_t i;
+    JanetBuffer *buffer = janet_buffer(argc);
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+        int32_t c = janet_getinteger(argv, i);
+        buffer->data[i] = c & 0xFF;
+    }
+    buffer->count = argc;
+    return janet_wrap_buffer(buffer);
+}
+
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_fill,
               "(buffer/fill buffer &opt byte)",
               "Fill up a buffer with bytes, defaulting to 0s. Does not change the buffer's length. "
@@ -211,6 +256,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_trim,
               "modified buffer.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     JanetBuffer *buffer = janet_getbuffer(argv, 0);
+    janet_buffer_can_realloc(buffer);
     if (buffer->count < buffer->capacity) {
         int32_t newcap = buffer->count > 4 ? buffer->count : 4;
         uint8_t *newData = janet_realloc(buffer->data, newcap);
@@ -274,17 +320,135 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_chars,
     return argv[0];
 }
 
-JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_push,
-              "(buffer/push buffer & xs)",
-              "Push both individual bytes and byte sequences to a buffer. For each x in xs, "
-              "push the byte if x is an integer, otherwise push the bytesequence to the buffer. "
-              "Thus, this function behaves like both `buffer/push-string` and `buffer/push-byte`. "
-              "Returns the modified buffer. "
-              "Will throw an error if the buffer overflows.") {
-    int32_t i;
-    janet_arity(argc, 1, -1);
+static int should_reverse_bytes(const Janet *argv, int32_t argc) {
+    JanetKeyword order_kw = janet_getkeyword(argv, argc);
+    if (!janet_cstrcmp(order_kw, "le")) {
+#if JANET_BIG_ENDIAN
+        return 1;
+#endif
+    } else if (!janet_cstrcmp(order_kw, "be")) {
+#if JANET_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+        return 1;
+#endif
+    } else if (!janet_cstrcmp(order_kw, "native")) {
+        return 0;
+    } else {
+        janet_panicf("expected endianness :le, :be or :native, got %v", argv[1]);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void reverse_u32(uint8_t bytes[4]) {
+    uint8_t temp;
+    temp = bytes[3];
+    bytes[3] = bytes[0];
+    bytes[0] = temp;
+    temp = bytes[2];
+    bytes[2] = bytes[1];
+    bytes[1] = temp;
+}
+
+static void reverse_u64(uint8_t bytes[8]) {
+    uint8_t temp;
+    temp = bytes[7];
+    bytes[7] = bytes[0];
+    bytes[0] = temp;
+    temp = bytes[6];
+    bytes[6] = bytes[1];
+    bytes[1] = temp;
+    temp = bytes[5];
+    bytes[5] = bytes[2];
+    bytes[2] = temp;
+    temp = bytes[4];
+    bytes[4] = bytes[3];
+    bytes[3] = temp;
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_push_uint16,
+              "(buffer/push-uint16 buffer order data)",
+              "Push a 16 bit unsigned integer data onto the end of the buffer. "
+              "Returns the modified buffer.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 3);
     JanetBuffer *buffer = janet_getbuffer(argv, 0);
-    for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+    int reverse = should_reverse_bytes(argv, 1);
+    uint16_t data = janet_getuinteger16(argv, 2);
+    uint8_t bytes[sizeof(data)];
+    memcpy(bytes, &data, sizeof(bytes));
+    if (reverse) {
+        uint8_t temp = bytes[1];
+        bytes[1] = bytes[0];
+        bytes[0] = temp;
+    }
+    janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, bytes, sizeof(bytes));
+    return argv[0];
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_push_uint32,
+              "(buffer/push-uint32 buffer order data)",
+              "Push a 32 bit unsigned integer data onto the end of the buffer. "
+              "Returns the modified buffer.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 3);
+    JanetBuffer *buffer = janet_getbuffer(argv, 0);
+    int reverse = should_reverse_bytes(argv, 1);
+    uint32_t data = janet_getuinteger(argv, 2);
+    uint8_t bytes[sizeof(data)];
+    memcpy(bytes, &data, sizeof(bytes));
+    if (reverse)
+        reverse_u32(bytes);
+    janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, bytes, sizeof(bytes));
+    return argv[0];
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_push_uint64,
+              "(buffer/push-uint64 buffer order data)",
+              "Push a 64 bit unsigned integer data onto the end of the buffer. "
+              "Returns the modified buffer.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 3);
+    JanetBuffer *buffer = janet_getbuffer(argv, 0);
+    int reverse = should_reverse_bytes(argv, 1);
+    uint64_t data = janet_getuinteger64(argv, 2);
+    uint8_t bytes[sizeof(data)];
+    memcpy(bytes, &data, sizeof(bytes));
+    if (reverse)
+        reverse_u64(bytes);
+    janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, bytes, sizeof(bytes));
+    return argv[0];
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_push_float32,
+              "(buffer/push-float32 buffer order data)",
+              "Push the underlying bytes of a 32 bit float data onto the end of the buffer. "
+              "Returns the modified buffer.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 3);
+    JanetBuffer *buffer = janet_getbuffer(argv, 0);
+    int reverse = should_reverse_bytes(argv, 1);
+    float data = (float) janet_getnumber(argv, 2);
+    uint8_t bytes[sizeof(data)];
+    memcpy(bytes, &data, sizeof(bytes));
+    if (reverse)
+        reverse_u32(bytes);
+    janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, bytes, sizeof(bytes));
+    return argv[0];
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_push_float64,
+              "(buffer/push-float64 buffer order data)",
+              "Push the underlying bytes of a 64 bit float data onto the end of the buffer. "
+              "Returns the modified buffer.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 3);
+    JanetBuffer *buffer = janet_getbuffer(argv, 0);
+    int reverse = should_reverse_bytes(argv, 1);
+    double data = janet_getnumber(argv, 2);
+    uint8_t bytes[sizeof(data)];
+    memcpy(bytes, &data, sizeof(bytes));
+    if (reverse)
+        reverse_u64(bytes);
+    janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, bytes, sizeof(bytes));
+    return argv[0];
+}
+
+static void buffer_push_impl(JanetBuffer *buffer, Janet *argv, int32_t argc_offset, int32_t argc) {
+    for (int32_t i = argc_offset; i < argc; i++) {
         if (janet_checktype(argv[i], JANET_NUMBER)) {
             janet_buffer_push_u8(buffer, (uint8_t)(janet_getinteger(argv, i) & 0xFF));
         } else {
@@ -296,9 +460,39 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_push,
             janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, view.bytes, view.len);
         }
     }
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_push_at,
+              "(buffer/push-at buffer index & xs)",
+              "Same as buffer/push, but copies the new data into the buffer "
+              " at index `index`.") {
+    janet_arity(argc, 2, -1);
+    JanetBuffer *buffer = janet_getbuffer(argv, 0);
+    int32_t index = janet_getinteger(argv, 1);
+    int32_t old_count = buffer->count;
+    if (index < 0 || index > old_count) {
+        janet_panicf("index out of range [0, %d)", old_count);
+    }
+    buffer->count = index;
+    buffer_push_impl(buffer, argv, 2, argc);
+    if (buffer->count < old_count) {
+        buffer->count = old_count;
+    }
     return argv[0];
 }
 
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_push,
+              "(buffer/push buffer & xs)",
+              "Push both individual bytes and byte sequences to a buffer. For each x in xs, "
+              "push the byte if x is an integer, otherwise push the bytesequence to the buffer. "
+              "Thus, this function behaves like both `buffer/push-string` and `buffer/push-byte`. "
+              "Returns the modified buffer. "
+              "Will throw an error if the buffer overflows.") {
+    janet_arity(argc, 1, -1);
+    JanetBuffer *buffer = janet_getbuffer(argv, 0);
+    buffer_push_impl(buffer, argv, 1, argc);
+    return argv[0];
+}
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_clear,
               "(buffer/clear buffer)",
@@ -312,7 +506,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_clear,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_popn,
               "(buffer/popn buffer n)",
-              "Removes the last n bytes from the buffer. Returns the modified buffer.") {
+              "Removes the last `n` bytes from the buffer. Returns the modified buffer.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 2);
     JanetBuffer *buffer = janet_getbuffer(argv, 0);
     int32_t n = janet_getinteger(argv, 1);
@@ -327,9 +521,9 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_popn,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_slice,
               "(buffer/slice bytes &opt start end)",
-              "Takes a slice of a byte sequence from start to end. The range is half open, "
+              "Takes a slice of a byte sequence from `start` to `end`. The range is half open, "
               "[start, end). Indexes can also be negative, indicating indexing from the end of the "
-              "end of the array. By default, start is 0 and end is the length of the buffer. "
+              "end of the array. By default, `start` is 0 and `end` is the length of the buffer. "
               "Returns a new buffer.") {
     JanetByteView view = janet_getbytes(argv, 0);
     JanetRange range = janet_getslice(argc, argv);
@@ -399,22 +593,24 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_bittoggle,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_blit,
               "(buffer/blit dest src &opt dest-start src-start src-end)",
-              "Insert the contents of src into dest. Can optionally take indices that "
-              "indicate which part of src to copy into which part of dest. Indices can be "
-              "negative to index from the end of src or dest. Returns dest.") {
+              "Insert the contents of `src` into `dest`. Can optionally take indices that "
+              "indicate which part of `src` to copy into which part of `dest`. Indices can be "
+              "negative in order to index from the end of `src` or `dest`. Returns `dest`.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 2, 5);
     JanetBuffer *dest = janet_getbuffer(argv, 0);
     JanetByteView src = janet_getbytes(argv, 1);
     int same_buf = src.bytes == dest->data;
     int32_t offset_dest = 0;
     int32_t offset_src = 0;
-    if (argc > 2)
+    if (argc > 2 && !janet_checktype(argv[2], JANET_NIL))
         offset_dest = janet_gethalfrange(argv, 2, dest->count, "dest-start");
-    if (argc > 3)
+    if (argc > 3 && !janet_checktype(argv[3], JANET_NIL))
         offset_src = janet_gethalfrange(argv, 3, src.len, "src-start");
     int32_t length_src;
     if (argc > 4) {
-        int32_t src_end = janet_gethalfrange(argv, 4, src.len, "src-end");
+        int32_t src_end = src.len;
+        if (!janet_checktype(argv[4], JANET_NIL))
+            src_end = janet_gethalfrange(argv, 4, src.len, "src-end");
         length_src = src_end - offset_src;
         if (length_src < 0) length_src = 0;
     } else {
@@ -441,7 +637,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_blit,
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_format,
               "(buffer/format buffer format & args)",
               "Snprintf like functionality for printing values into a buffer. Returns "
-              " the modified buffer.") {
+              "the modified buffer.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 2, -1);
     JanetBuffer *buffer = janet_getbuffer(argv, 0);
     const char *strfrmt = (const char *) janet_getstring(argv, 1);
@@ -449,16 +645,44 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_format,
     return argv[0];
 }
 
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_buffer_format_at,
+              "(buffer/format-at buffer at format & args)",
+              "Snprintf like functionality for printing values into a buffer. Returns "
+              "the modified buffer.") {
+    janet_arity(argc, 2, -1);
+    JanetBuffer *buffer = janet_getbuffer(argv, 0);
+    int32_t at = janet_getinteger(argv, 1);
+    if (at < 0) {
+        at += buffer->count + 1;
+    }
+    if (at > buffer->count || at < 0) janet_panicf("expected index at to be in range [0, %d), got %d", buffer->count, at);
+    int32_t oldcount = buffer->count;
+    buffer->count = at;
+    const char *strfrmt = (const char *) janet_getstring(argv, 2);
+    janet_buffer_format(buffer, strfrmt, 2, argc, argv);
+    if (buffer->count < oldcount) {
+        buffer->count = oldcount;
+    }
+    return argv[0];
+}
+
 void janet_lib_buffer(JanetTable *env) {
     JanetRegExt buffer_cfuns[] = {
         JANET_CORE_REG("buffer/new", cfun_buffer_new),
         JANET_CORE_REG("buffer/new-filled", cfun_buffer_new_filled),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("buffer/from-bytes", cfun_buffer_frombytes),
         JANET_CORE_REG("buffer/fill", cfun_buffer_fill),
         JANET_CORE_REG("buffer/trim", cfun_buffer_trim),
         JANET_CORE_REG("buffer/push-byte", cfun_buffer_u8),
         JANET_CORE_REG("buffer/push-word", cfun_buffer_word),
         JANET_CORE_REG("buffer/push-string", cfun_buffer_chars),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("buffer/push-uint16", cfun_buffer_push_uint16),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("buffer/push-uint32", cfun_buffer_push_uint32),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("buffer/push-uint64", cfun_buffer_push_uint64),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("buffer/push-float32", cfun_buffer_push_float32),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("buffer/push-float64", cfun_buffer_push_float64),
         JANET_CORE_REG("buffer/push", cfun_buffer_push),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("buffer/push-at", cfun_buffer_push_at),
         JANET_CORE_REG("buffer/popn", cfun_buffer_popn),
         JANET_CORE_REG("buffer/clear", cfun_buffer_clear),
         JANET_CORE_REG("buffer/slice", cfun_buffer_slice),
@@ -468,6 +692,7 @@ void janet_lib_buffer(JanetTable *env) {
         JANET_CORE_REG("buffer/bit-toggle", cfun_buffer_bittoggle),
         JANET_CORE_REG("buffer/blit", cfun_buffer_blit),
         JANET_CORE_REG("buffer/format", cfun_buffer_format),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("buffer/format-at", cfun_buffer_format_at),
         JANET_REG_END
     };
     janet_core_cfuns_ext(env, NULL, buffer_cfuns);

src/core/bytecode.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include <janet.h>
 #include "gc.h"
 #include "util.h"
+#include "regalloc.h"
 #endif
 
 /* Look up table for instructions */
@@ -36,11 +37,13 @@ enum JanetInstructionType janet_instructions[JOP_INSTRUCTION_COUNT] = {
     JINT_0, /* JOP_RETURN_NIL, */
     JINT_SSI, /* JOP_ADD_IMMEDIATE, */
     JINT_SSS, /* JOP_ADD, */
+    JINT_SSI, /* JOP_SUBTRACT_IMMEDIATE, */
     JINT_SSS, /* JOP_SUBTRACT, */
     JINT_SSI, /* JOP_MULTIPLY_IMMEDIATE, */
     JINT_SSS, /* JOP_MULTIPLY, */
     JINT_SSI, /* JOP_DIVIDE_IMMEDIATE, */
     JINT_SSS, /* JOP_DIVIDE, */
+    JINT_SSS, /* JOP_DIVIDE_FLOOR */
     JINT_SSS, /* JOP_MODULO, */
     JINT_SSS, /* JOP_REMAINDER, */
     JINT_SSS, /* JOP_BAND, */
@@ -106,6 +109,294 @@ enum JanetInstructionType janet_instructions[JOP_INSTRUCTION_COUNT] = {
     JINT_SSS /* JOP_CANCEL, */
 };
 
+/* Remove all noops while preserving jumps and debugging information.
+ * Useful as part of a filtering compiler pass. */
+void janet_bytecode_remove_noops(JanetFuncDef *def) {
+
+    /* Get an instruction rewrite map so we can rewrite jumps */
+    uint32_t *pc_map = janet_smalloc(sizeof(uint32_t) * (1 + def->bytecode_length));
+    uint32_t new_bytecode_length = 0;
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < def->bytecode_length; i++) {
+        uint32_t instr = def->bytecode[i];
+        uint32_t opcode = instr & 0x7F;
+        pc_map[i] = new_bytecode_length;
+        if (opcode != JOP_NOOP) {
+            new_bytecode_length++;
+        }
+    }
+    pc_map[def->bytecode_length] = new_bytecode_length;
+
+    /* Linear scan rewrite bytecode and sourcemap. Also fix jumps. */
+    int32_t j = 0;
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < def->bytecode_length; i++) {
+        uint32_t instr = def->bytecode[i];
+        uint32_t opcode = instr & 0x7F;
+        int32_t old_jump_target = 0;
+        int32_t new_jump_target = 0;
+        switch (opcode) {
+            case JOP_NOOP:
+                continue;
+            case JOP_JUMP:
+                /* relative pc is in DS field of instruction */
+                old_jump_target = i + (((int32_t)instr) >> 8);
+                new_jump_target = pc_map[old_jump_target];
+                instr += (uint32_t)(new_jump_target - old_jump_target + (i - j)) << 8;
+                break;
+            case JOP_JUMP_IF:
+            case JOP_JUMP_IF_NIL:
+            case JOP_JUMP_IF_NOT:
+            case JOP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NIL:
+                /* relative pc is in ES field of instruction */
+                old_jump_target = i + (((int32_t)instr) >> 16);
+                new_jump_target = pc_map[old_jump_target];
+                instr += (uint32_t)(new_jump_target - old_jump_target + (i - j)) << 16;
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+        def->bytecode[j] = instr;
+        if (def->sourcemap != NULL) {
+            def->sourcemap[j] = def->sourcemap[i];
+        }
+        j++;
+    }
+
+    /* Rewrite symbolmap */
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < def->symbolmap_length; i++) {
+        JanetSymbolMap *sm = def->symbolmap + i;
+        /* Don't rewrite upvalue mappings */
+        if (sm->birth_pc < UINT32_MAX) {
+            sm->birth_pc = pc_map[sm->birth_pc];
+            sm->death_pc = pc_map[sm->death_pc];
+        }
+    }
+
+    def->bytecode_length = new_bytecode_length;
+    def->bytecode = janet_realloc(def->bytecode, def->bytecode_length * sizeof(uint32_t));
+    janet_sfree(pc_map);
+}
+
+/* Remove redundant loads, moves and other instructions if possible and convert them to
+ * noops. Input is assumed valid bytecode. */
+void janet_bytecode_movopt(JanetFuncDef *def) {
+    JanetcRegisterAllocator ra;
+    int recur = 1;
+
+    /* Iterate this until no more instructions can be removed. */
+    while (recur) {
+        janetc_regalloc_init(&ra);
+
+        /* Look for slots that have writes but no reads (and aren't in the closure bitset). */
+        if (def->closure_bitset != NULL) {
+            for (int32_t i = 0; i < def->slotcount; i++) {
+                int32_t index = i >> 5;
+                uint32_t mask = 1U << (((uint32_t) i) & 31);
+                if (def->closure_bitset[index] & mask) {
+                    janetc_regalloc_touch(&ra, i);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+#define AA ((instr >> 8)  & 0xFF)
+#define BB ((instr >> 16) & 0xFF)
+#define CC (instr >> 24)
+#define DD (instr >> 8)
+#define EE (instr >> 16)
+
+        /* Check reads and writes */
+        for (int32_t i = 0; i < def->bytecode_length; i++) {
+            uint32_t instr = def->bytecode[i];
+            switch (instr & 0x7F) {
+
+                /* Group instructions my how they read from slots */
+
+                /* No reads or writes */
+                default:
+                    janet_assert(0, "unhandled instruction");
+                case JOP_JUMP:
+                case JOP_NOOP:
+                case JOP_RETURN_NIL:
+                /* Write A */
+                case JOP_LOAD_INTEGER:
+                case JOP_LOAD_CONSTANT:
+                case JOP_LOAD_UPVALUE:
+                case JOP_CLOSURE:
+                /* Write D */
+                case JOP_LOAD_NIL:
+                case JOP_LOAD_TRUE:
+                case JOP_LOAD_FALSE:
+                case JOP_LOAD_SELF:
+                    break;
+                case JOP_MAKE_ARRAY:
+                case JOP_MAKE_BUFFER:
+                case JOP_MAKE_STRING:
+                case JOP_MAKE_STRUCT:
+                case JOP_MAKE_TABLE:
+                case JOP_MAKE_TUPLE:
+                case JOP_MAKE_BRACKET_TUPLE:
+                    /* Reads from the stack, don't remove */
+                    janetc_regalloc_touch(&ra, DD);
+                    break;
+
+                /* Read A */
+                case JOP_ERROR:
+                case JOP_TYPECHECK:
+                case JOP_JUMP_IF:
+                case JOP_JUMP_IF_NOT:
+                case JOP_JUMP_IF_NIL:
+                case JOP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NIL:
+                case JOP_SET_UPVALUE:
+                /* Write E, Read A */
+                case JOP_MOVE_FAR:
+                    janetc_regalloc_touch(&ra, AA);
+                    break;
+
+                /* Read B */
+                case JOP_SIGNAL:
+                /* Write A, Read B */
+                case JOP_ADD_IMMEDIATE:
+                case JOP_SUBTRACT_IMMEDIATE:
+                case JOP_MULTIPLY_IMMEDIATE:
+                case JOP_DIVIDE_IMMEDIATE:
+                case JOP_SHIFT_LEFT_IMMEDIATE:
+                case JOP_SHIFT_RIGHT_IMMEDIATE:
+                case JOP_SHIFT_RIGHT_UNSIGNED_IMMEDIATE:
+                case JOP_GREATER_THAN_IMMEDIATE:
+                case JOP_LESS_THAN_IMMEDIATE:
+                case JOP_EQUALS_IMMEDIATE:
+                case JOP_NOT_EQUALS_IMMEDIATE:
+                case JOP_GET_INDEX:
+                    janetc_regalloc_touch(&ra, BB);
+                    break;
+
+                /* Read D */
+                case JOP_RETURN:
+                case JOP_PUSH:
+                case JOP_PUSH_ARRAY:
+                case JOP_TAILCALL:
+                    janetc_regalloc_touch(&ra, DD);
+                    break;
+
+                /* Write A, Read E */
+                case JOP_MOVE_NEAR:
+                case JOP_LENGTH:
+                case JOP_BNOT:
+                case JOP_CALL:
+                    janetc_regalloc_touch(&ra, EE);
+                    break;
+
+                /* Read A, B */
+                case JOP_PUT_INDEX:
+                    janetc_regalloc_touch(&ra, AA);
+                    janetc_regalloc_touch(&ra, BB);
+                    break;
+
+                /* Read A, E */
+                case JOP_PUSH_2:
+                    janetc_regalloc_touch(&ra, AA);
+                    janetc_regalloc_touch(&ra, EE);
+                    break;
+
+                /* Read B, C */
+                case JOP_PROPAGATE:
+                /* Write A, Read B and C */
+                case JOP_BAND:
+                case JOP_BOR:
+                case JOP_BXOR:
+                case JOP_ADD:
+                case JOP_SUBTRACT:
+                case JOP_MULTIPLY:
+                case JOP_DIVIDE:
+                case JOP_DIVIDE_FLOOR:
+                case JOP_MODULO:
+                case JOP_REMAINDER:
+                case JOP_SHIFT_LEFT:
+                case JOP_SHIFT_RIGHT:
+                case JOP_SHIFT_RIGHT_UNSIGNED:
+                case JOP_GREATER_THAN:
+                case JOP_LESS_THAN:
+                case JOP_EQUALS:
+                case JOP_COMPARE:
+                case JOP_IN:
+                case JOP_GET:
+                case JOP_GREATER_THAN_EQUAL:
+                case JOP_LESS_THAN_EQUAL:
+                case JOP_NOT_EQUALS:
+                case JOP_CANCEL:
+                case JOP_RESUME:
+                case JOP_NEXT:
+                    janetc_regalloc_touch(&ra, BB);
+                    janetc_regalloc_touch(&ra, CC);
+                    break;
+
+                /* Read A, B, C */
+                case JOP_PUT:
+                case JOP_PUSH_3:
+                    janetc_regalloc_touch(&ra, AA);
+                    janetc_regalloc_touch(&ra, BB);
+                    janetc_regalloc_touch(&ra, CC);
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* Iterate and set noops on instructions that make writes that no one ever reads.
+         * Only set noops for instructions with no side effects - moves, loads, etc. that can't
+         * raise errors (outside of systemic errors like oom or stack overflow). */
+        recur = 0;
+        for (int32_t i = 0; i < def->bytecode_length; i++) {
+            uint32_t instr = def->bytecode[i];
+            switch (instr & 0x7F) {
+                default:
+                    break;
+                /* Write D */
+                case JOP_LOAD_NIL:
+                case JOP_LOAD_TRUE:
+                case JOP_LOAD_FALSE:
+                case JOP_LOAD_SELF:
+                case JOP_MAKE_ARRAY:
+                case JOP_MAKE_TUPLE:
+                case JOP_MAKE_BRACKET_TUPLE: {
+                    if (!janetc_regalloc_check(&ra, DD)) {
+                        def->bytecode[i] = JOP_NOOP;
+                        recur = 1;
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+                /* Write E, Read A */
+                case JOP_MOVE_FAR: {
+                    if (!janetc_regalloc_check(&ra, EE)) {
+                        def->bytecode[i] = JOP_NOOP;
+                        recur = 1;
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+                /* Write A, Read E */
+                case JOP_MOVE_NEAR:
+                /* Write A, Read B */
+                case JOP_GET_INDEX:
+                /* Write A */
+                case JOP_LOAD_INTEGER:
+                case JOP_LOAD_CONSTANT:
+                case JOP_LOAD_UPVALUE:
+                case JOP_CLOSURE: {
+                    if (!janetc_regalloc_check(&ra, AA)) {
+                        def->bytecode[i] = JOP_NOOP;
+                        recur = 1;
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        janetc_regalloc_deinit(&ra);
+#undef AA
+#undef BB
+#undef CC
+#undef DD
+#undef EE
+    }
+}
+
 /* Verify some bytecode */
 int janet_verify(JanetFuncDef *def) {
     int vargs = !!(def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_VARARG);
@@ -218,6 +509,7 @@ JanetFuncDef *janet_funcdef_alloc(void) {
     def->closure_bitset = NULL;
     def->flags = 0;
     def->slotcount = 0;
+    def->symbolmap = NULL;
     def->arity = 0;
     def->min_arity = 0;
     def->max_arity = INT32_MAX;
@@ -229,6 +521,7 @@ JanetFuncDef *janet_funcdef_alloc(void) {
     def->constants_length = 0;
     def->bytecode_length = 0;
     def->environments_length = 0;
+    def->symbolmap_length = 0;
     return def;
 }
 

src/core/capi.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -25,14 +25,24 @@
 #include <janet.h>
 #include "state.h"
 #include "fiber.h"
+#include "util.h"
 #endif
 
 #ifndef JANET_SINGLE_THREADED
 #ifndef JANET_WINDOWS
 #include <pthread.h>
-#else
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
 #include <windows.h>
 #endif
+
+#ifdef JANET_USE_STDATOMIC
+#include <stdatomic.h>
+/* We don't need stdatomic on most compilers since we use compiler builtins for atomic operations.
+ * Some (TCC), explicitly require using stdatomic.h and don't have any exposed builtins (that I know of).
+ * For TCC and similar compilers, one would need -std=c11 or similar then to get access. */
 #endif
 
 JANET_NO_RETURN static void janet_top_level_signal(const char *msg) {
@@ -52,6 +62,18 @@ JANET_NO_RETURN static void janet_top_level_signal(const char *msg) {
 
 void janet_signalv(JanetSignal sig, Janet message) {
     if (janet_vm.return_reg != NULL) {
+        /* Should match logic in janet_call for coercing everything not ok to an error (no awaits, yields, etc.) */
+        if (janet_vm.coerce_error && sig != JANET_SIGNAL_OK) {
+#ifdef JANET_EV
+            if (NULL != janet_vm.root_fiber && sig == JANET_SIGNAL_EVENT) {
+                janet_vm.root_fiber->sched_id++;
+            }
+#endif
+            if (sig != JANET_SIGNAL_ERROR) {
+                message = janet_wrap_string(janet_formatc("%v coerced from %s to error", message, janet_signal_names[sig]));
+            }
+            sig = JANET_SIGNAL_ERROR;
+        }
         *janet_vm.return_reg = message;
         if (NULL != janet_vm.fiber) {
             janet_vm.fiber->flags |= JANET_FIBER_DID_LONGJUMP;
@@ -209,12 +231,46 @@ const char *janet_optcstring(const Janet *argv, int32_t argc, int32_t n, const c
 #undef DEFINE_OPTLEN
 
 const char *janet_getcstring(const Janet *argv, int32_t n) {
-    const uint8_t *jstr = janet_getstring(argv, n);
-    const char *cstr = (const char *)jstr;
-    if (strlen(cstr) != (size_t) janet_string_length(jstr)) {
-        janet_panic("string contains embedded 0s");
+    if (!janet_checktype(argv[n], JANET_STRING)) {
+        janet_panic_type(argv[n], n, JANET_TFLAG_STRING);
     }
+    return janet_getcbytes(argv, n);
+}
+
+const char *janet_getcbytes(const Janet *argv, int32_t n) {
+    /* Ensure buffer 0-padded */
+    if (janet_checktype(argv[n], JANET_BUFFER)) {
+        JanetBuffer *b = janet_unwrap_buffer(argv[n]);
+        if ((b->gc.flags & JANET_BUFFER_FLAG_NO_REALLOC) && b->count == b->capacity) {
+            /* Make a copy with janet_smalloc in the rare case we have a buffer that
+             * cannot be realloced and pushing a 0 byte would panic. */
+            char *new_string = janet_smalloc(b->count + 1);
+            memcpy(new_string, b->data, b->count);
+            new_string[b->count] = 0;
+            if (strlen(new_string) != (size_t) b->count) goto badzeros;
+            return new_string;
+        } else {
+            /* Ensure trailing 0 */
+            janet_buffer_push_u8(b, 0);
+            b->count--;
+            if (strlen((char *)b->data) != (size_t) b->count) goto badzeros;
+            return (const char *) b->data;
+        }
+    }
+    JanetByteView view = janet_getbytes(argv, n);
+    const char *cstr = (const char *)view.bytes;
+    if (strlen(cstr) != (size_t) view.len) goto badzeros;
     return cstr;
+
+badzeros:
+    janet_panic("bytes contain embedded 0s");
+}
+
+const char *janet_optcbytes(const Janet *argv, int32_t argc, int32_t n, const char *dflt) {
+    if (n >= argc || janet_checktype(argv[n], JANET_NIL)) {
+        return dflt;
+    }
+    return janet_getcbytes(argv, n);
 }
 
 int32_t janet_getnat(const Janet *argv, int32_t n) {
@@ -259,12 +315,53 @@ int32_t janet_getinteger(const Janet *argv, int32_t n) {
     return janet_unwrap_integer(x);
 }
 
+uint32_t janet_getuinteger(const Janet *argv, int32_t n) {
+    Janet x = argv[n];
+    if (!janet_checkuint(x)) {
+        janet_panicf("bad slot #%d, expected 32 bit unsigned integer, got %v", n, x);
+    }
+    return (uint32_t) janet_unwrap_number(x);
+}
+
+int16_t janet_getinteger16(const Janet *argv, int32_t n) {
+    Janet x = argv[n];
+    if (!janet_checkint16(x)) {
+        janet_panicf("bad slot #%d, expected 16 bit signed integer, got %v", n, x);
+    }
+    return (int16_t) janet_unwrap_number(x);
+}
+
+uint16_t janet_getuinteger16(const Janet *argv, int32_t n) {
+    Janet x = argv[n];
+    if (!janet_checkuint16(x)) {
+        janet_panicf("bad slot #%d, expected 16 bit unsigned integer, got %v", n, x);
+    }
+    return (uint16_t) janet_unwrap_number(x);
+}
+
+
 int64_t janet_getinteger64(const Janet *argv, int32_t n) {
+#ifdef JANET_INT_TYPES
+    return janet_unwrap_s64(argv[n]);
+#else
     Janet x = argv[n];
     if (!janet_checkint64(x)) {
         janet_panicf("bad slot #%d, expected 64 bit signed integer, got %v", n, x);
     }
     return (int64_t) janet_unwrap_number(x);
+#endif
+}
+
+uint64_t janet_getuinteger64(const Janet *argv, int32_t n) {
+#ifdef JANET_INT_TYPES
+    return janet_unwrap_u64(argv[n]);
+#else
+    Janet x = argv[n];
+    if (!janet_checkuint64(x)) {
+        janet_panicf("bad slot #%d, expected 64 bit unsigned integer, got %v", n, x);
+    }
+    return (uint64_t) janet_unwrap_number(x);
+#endif
 }
 
 size_t janet_getsize(const Janet *argv, int32_t n) {
@@ -280,16 +377,30 @@ int32_t janet_gethalfrange(const Janet *argv, int32_t n, int32_t length, const c
     int32_t not_raw = raw;
     if (not_raw < 0) not_raw += length + 1;
     if (not_raw < 0 || not_raw > length)
-        janet_panicf("%s index %d out of range [%d,%d]", which, raw, -length - 1, length);
+        janet_panicf("%s index %d out of range [%d,%d]", which, (int64_t) raw, -(int64_t)length - 1, (int64_t) length);
     return not_raw;
 }
 
+int32_t janet_getstartrange(const Janet *argv, int32_t argc, int32_t n, int32_t length) {
+    if (n >= argc || janet_checktype(argv[n], JANET_NIL)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return janet_gethalfrange(argv, n, length, "start");
+}
+
+int32_t janet_getendrange(const Janet *argv, int32_t argc, int32_t n, int32_t length) {
+    if (n >= argc || janet_checktype(argv[n], JANET_NIL)) {
+        return length;
+    }
+    return janet_gethalfrange(argv, n, length, "end");
+}
+
 int32_t janet_getargindex(const Janet *argv, int32_t n, int32_t length, const char *which) {
     int32_t raw = janet_getinteger(argv, n);
     int32_t not_raw = raw;
     if (not_raw < 0) not_raw += length;
     if (not_raw < 0 || not_raw > length)
-        janet_panicf("%s index %d out of range [%d,%d)", which, raw, -length, length);
+        janet_panicf("%s index %d out of range [%d,%d)", which, (int64_t)raw, -(int64_t)length, (int64_t)length);
     return not_raw;
 }
 
@@ -336,24 +447,10 @@ JanetRange janet_getslice(int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
     janet_arity(argc, 1, 3);
     JanetRange range;
     int32_t length = janet_length(argv[0]);
-    if (argc == 1) {
-        range.start = 0;
-        range.end = length;
-    } else if (argc == 2) {
-        range.start = janet_checktype(argv[1], JANET_NIL)
-                      ? 0
-                      : janet_gethalfrange(argv, 1, length, "start");
-        range.end = length;
-    } else {
-        range.start = janet_checktype(argv[1], JANET_NIL)
-                      ? 0
-                      : janet_gethalfrange(argv, 1, length, "start");
-        range.end = janet_checktype(argv[2], JANET_NIL)
-                    ? length
-                    : janet_gethalfrange(argv, 2, length, "end");
-        if (range.end < range.start)
-            range.end = range.start;
-    }
+    range.start = janet_getstartrange(argv, argc, 1, length);
+    range.end = janet_getendrange(argv, argc, 2, length);
+    if (range.end < range.start)
+        range.end = range.start;
     return range;
 }
 
@@ -381,6 +478,33 @@ void janet_setdyn(const char *name, Janet value) {
     }
 }
 
+/* Create a function that when called, returns X. Trivial in Janet, a pain in C. */
+JanetFunction *janet_thunk_delay(Janet x) {
+    static const uint32_t bytecode[] = {
+        JOP_LOAD_CONSTANT,
+        JOP_RETURN
+    };
+    JanetFuncDef *def = janet_funcdef_alloc();
+    def->arity = 0;
+    def->min_arity = 0;
+    def->max_arity = INT32_MAX;
+    def->flags = JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_VARARG;
+    def->slotcount = 1;
+    def->bytecode = janet_malloc(sizeof(bytecode));
+    def->bytecode_length = (int32_t)(sizeof(bytecode) / sizeof(uint32_t));
+    def->constants = janet_malloc(sizeof(Janet));
+    def->constants_length = 1;
+    def->name = NULL;
+    if (!def->bytecode || !def->constants) {
+        JANET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    }
+    def->constants[0] = x;
+    memcpy(def->bytecode, bytecode, sizeof(bytecode));
+    janet_def_addflags(def);
+    /* janet_verify(def); */
+    return janet_thunk(def);
+}
+
 uint64_t janet_getflags(const Janet *argv, int32_t n, const char *flags) {
     uint64_t ret = 0;
     const uint8_t *keyw = janet_getkeyword(argv, n);
@@ -433,9 +557,41 @@ void *janet_optabstract(const Janet *argv, int32_t argc, int32_t n, const JanetA
     return janet_getabstract(argv, n, at);
 }
 
+/* Atomic refcounts */
+
+JanetAtomicInt janet_atomic_inc(JanetAtomicInt volatile *x) {
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    return _InterlockedIncrement(x);
+#elif defined(JANET_USE_STDATOMIC)
+    return atomic_fetch_add_explicit(x, 1, memory_order_relaxed) + 1;
+#else
+    return __atomic_add_fetch(x, 1, __ATOMIC_RELAXED);
+#endif
+}
+
+JanetAtomicInt janet_atomic_dec(JanetAtomicInt volatile *x) {
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    return _InterlockedDecrement(x);
+#elif defined(JANET_USE_STDATOMIC)
+    return atomic_fetch_add_explicit(x, -1, memory_order_acq_rel) - 1;
+#else
+    return __atomic_add_fetch(x, -1, __ATOMIC_ACQ_REL);
+#endif
+}
+
+JanetAtomicInt janet_atomic_load(JanetAtomicInt volatile *x) {
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    return _InterlockedOr(x, 0);
+#elif defined(JANET_USE_STDATOMIC)
+    return atomic_load_explicit(x, memory_order_acquire);
+#else
+    return __atomic_load_n(x, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE);
+#endif
+}
+
 /* Some definitions for function-like macros */
 
-JANET_API JanetStructHead *(janet_struct_head)(const JanetKV *st) {
+JANET_API JanetStructHead *(janet_struct_head)(JanetStruct st) {
     return janet_struct_head(st);
 }
 
@@ -443,10 +599,10 @@ JANET_API JanetAbstractHead *(janet_abstract_head)(const void *abstract) {
     return janet_abstract_head(abstract);
 }
 
-JANET_API JanetStringHead *(janet_string_head)(const uint8_t *s) {
+JANET_API JanetStringHead *(janet_string_head)(JanetString s) {
     return janet_string_head(s);
 }
 
-JANET_API JanetTupleHead *(janet_tuple_head)(const Janet *tuple) {
+JANET_API JanetTupleHead *(janet_tuple_head)(JanetTuple tuple) {
     return janet_tuple_head(tuple);
 }

src/core/cfuns.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ static JanetSlot opfunction(
 static int can_be_imm(Janet x, int8_t *out) {
     if (!janet_checkint(x)) return 0;
     int32_t integer = janet_unwrap_integer(x);
-    if (integer > 127 || integer < -127) return 0;
+    if (integer > INT8_MAX || integer < INT8_MIN) return 0;
     *out = (int8_t) integer;
     return 1;
 }
@@ -116,12 +116,11 @@ static JanetSlot opreduce(
     JanetSlot *args,
     int op,
     int opim,
-    Janet nullary) {
+    Janet nullary,
+    Janet unary) {
     JanetCompiler *c = opts.compiler;
     int32_t i, len;
     int8_t imm = 0;
-    int neg = opim < 0;
-    if (opim < 0) opim = -opim;
     len = janet_v_count(args);
     JanetSlot t;
     if (len == 0) {
@@ -132,19 +131,19 @@ static JanetSlot opreduce(
         if (op == JOP_SUBTRACT) {
             janetc_emit_ssi(c, JOP_MULTIPLY_IMMEDIATE, t, args[0], -1, 1);
         } else {
-            janetc_emit_sss(c, op, t, janetc_cslot(nullary), args[0], 1);
+            janetc_emit_sss(c, op, t, janetc_cslot(unary), args[0], 1);
         }
         return t;
     }
     t = janetc_gettarget(opts);
     if (opim && can_slot_be_imm(args[1], &imm)) {
-        janetc_emit_ssi(c, opim, t, args[0], neg ? -imm : imm, 1);
+        janetc_emit_ssi(c, opim, t, args[0], imm, 1);
     } else {
         janetc_emit_sss(c, op, t, args[0], args[1], 1);
     }
     for (i = 2; i < len; i++) {
         if (opim && can_slot_be_imm(args[i], &imm)) {
-            janetc_emit_ssi(c, opim, t, t, neg ? -imm : imm, 1);
+            janetc_emit_ssi(c, opim, t, t, imm, 1);
         } else {
             janetc_emit_sss(c, op, t, t, args[i], 1);
         }
@@ -155,7 +154,7 @@ static JanetSlot opreduce(
 /* Function optimizers */
 
 static JanetSlot do_propagate(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
-    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_PROPAGATE, 0, janet_wrap_nil());
+    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_PROPAGATE, 0, janet_wrap_nil(), janet_wrap_nil());
 }
 static JanetSlot do_error(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
     janetc_emit_s(opts.compiler, JOP_ERROR, args[0], 0);
@@ -172,7 +171,7 @@ static JanetSlot do_debug(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
     return t;
 }
 static JanetSlot do_in(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
-    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_IN, 0, janet_wrap_nil());
+    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_IN, 0, janet_wrap_nil(), janet_wrap_nil());
 }
 static JanetSlot do_get(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
     if (janet_v_count(args) == 3) {
@@ -192,20 +191,14 @@ static JanetSlot do_get(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
         c->buffer[label] |= (current - label) << 16;
         return t;
     } else {
-        return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_GET, 0, janet_wrap_nil());
+        return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_GET, 0, janet_wrap_nil(), janet_wrap_nil());
     }
 }
 static JanetSlot do_next(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
     return opfunction(opts, args, JOP_NEXT, janet_wrap_nil());
 }
-static JanetSlot do_modulo(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
-    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_MODULO, 0, janet_wrap_nil());
-}
-static JanetSlot do_remainder(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
-    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_REMAINDER, 0, janet_wrap_nil());
-}
 static JanetSlot do_cmp(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
-    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_COMPARE, 0, janet_wrap_nil());
+    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_COMPARE, 0, janet_wrap_nil(), janet_wrap_nil());
 }
 static JanetSlot do_put(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
     if (opts.flags & JANET_FOPTS_DROP) {
@@ -262,34 +255,43 @@ static JanetSlot do_apply(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
 /* Variadic operators specialization */
 
 static JanetSlot do_add(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
-    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_ADD, JOP_ADD_IMMEDIATE, janet_wrap_integer(0));
+    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_ADD, JOP_ADD_IMMEDIATE, janet_wrap_integer(0), janet_wrap_integer(0));
 }
 static JanetSlot do_sub(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
-    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_SUBTRACT, -JOP_ADD_IMMEDIATE, janet_wrap_integer(0));
+    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_SUBTRACT, JOP_SUBTRACT_IMMEDIATE, janet_wrap_integer(0), janet_wrap_integer(0));
 }
 static JanetSlot do_mul(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
-    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_MULTIPLY, JOP_MULTIPLY_IMMEDIATE, janet_wrap_integer(1));
+    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_MULTIPLY, JOP_MULTIPLY_IMMEDIATE, janet_wrap_integer(1), janet_wrap_integer(1));
 }
 static JanetSlot do_div(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
-    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_DIVIDE, JOP_DIVIDE_IMMEDIATE, janet_wrap_integer(1));
+    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_DIVIDE, JOP_DIVIDE_IMMEDIATE, janet_wrap_integer(1), janet_wrap_integer(1));
+}
+static JanetSlot do_divf(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
+    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_DIVIDE_FLOOR, 0, janet_wrap_integer(1), janet_wrap_integer(1));
+}
+static JanetSlot do_modulo(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
+    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_MODULO, 0, janet_wrap_integer(0), janet_wrap_integer(1));
+}
+static JanetSlot do_remainder(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
+    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_REMAINDER, 0, janet_wrap_integer(0), janet_wrap_integer(1));
 }
 static JanetSlot do_band(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
-    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_BAND, 0, janet_wrap_integer(-1));
+    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_BAND, 0, janet_wrap_integer(-1), janet_wrap_integer(-1));
 }
 static JanetSlot do_bor(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
-    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_BOR, 0, janet_wrap_integer(0));
+    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_BOR, 0, janet_wrap_integer(0), janet_wrap_integer(0));
 }
 static JanetSlot do_bxor(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
-    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_BXOR, 0, janet_wrap_integer(0));
+    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_BXOR, 0, janet_wrap_integer(0), janet_wrap_integer(0));
 }
 static JanetSlot do_lshift(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
-    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_SHIFT_LEFT, JOP_SHIFT_LEFT_IMMEDIATE, janet_wrap_integer(1));
+    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_SHIFT_LEFT, JOP_SHIFT_LEFT_IMMEDIATE, janet_wrap_integer(1), janet_wrap_integer(1));
 }
 static JanetSlot do_rshift(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
-    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_SHIFT_RIGHT, JOP_SHIFT_RIGHT_IMMEDIATE, janet_wrap_integer(1));
+    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_SHIFT_RIGHT, JOP_SHIFT_RIGHT_IMMEDIATE, janet_wrap_integer(1), janet_wrap_integer(1));
 }
 static JanetSlot do_rshiftu(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
-    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_SHIFT_RIGHT_UNSIGNED, JOP_SHIFT_RIGHT_UNSIGNED_IMMEDIATE, janet_wrap_integer(1));
+    return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_SHIFT_RIGHT_UNSIGNED, JOP_SHIFT_RIGHT_UNSIGNED_IMMEDIATE, janet_wrap_integer(1), janet_wrap_integer(1));
 }
 static JanetSlot do_bnot(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
     return genericSS(opts, JOP_BNOT, args[0]);
@@ -383,10 +385,11 @@ static const JanetFunOptimizer optimizers[] = {
     {fixarity2, do_propagate},
     {arity2or3, do_get},
     {arity1or2, do_next},
-    {fixarity2, do_modulo},
-    {fixarity2, do_remainder},
+    {NULL, do_modulo},
+    {NULL, do_remainder},
     {fixarity2, do_cmp},
     {fixarity2, do_cancel},
+    {NULL, do_divf}
 };
 
 const JanetFunOptimizer *janetc_funopt(uint32_t flags) {

src/core/compile.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -93,10 +93,14 @@ void janetc_freeslot(JanetCompiler *c, JanetSlot s) {
 /* Add a slot to a scope with a symbol associated with it (def or var). */
 void janetc_nameslot(JanetCompiler *c, const uint8_t *sym, JanetSlot s) {
     SymPair sp;
+    int32_t cnt = janet_v_count(c->buffer);
     sp.sym = sym;
+    sp.sym2 = sym;
     sp.slot = s;
     sp.keep = 0;
     sp.slot.flags |= JANET_SLOT_NAMED;
+    sp.birth_pc = cnt ? cnt - 1 : 0;
+    sp.death_pc = UINT32_MAX;
     janet_v_push(c->scope->syms, sp);
 }
 
@@ -159,21 +163,27 @@ void janetc_popscope(JanetCompiler *c) {
         if (oldscope->flags & JANET_SCOPE_CLOSURE) {
             newscope->flags |= JANET_SCOPE_CLOSURE;
         }
-        if (newscope->ra.max < oldscope->ra.max)
+        if (newscope->ra.max < oldscope->ra.max) {
             newscope->ra.max = oldscope->ra.max;
-
-        /* Keep upvalue slots */
-        for (int32_t i = 0; i < janet_v_count(oldscope->syms); i++) {
-            SymPair pair = oldscope->syms[i];
-            if (pair.keep) {
-                /* The variable should not be lexically accessible */
-                pair.sym = NULL;
-                janet_v_push(newscope->syms, pair);
-                janetc_regalloc_touch(&newscope->ra, pair.slot.index);
-            }
         }
 
+        /* Keep upvalue slots and symbols for debugging. */
+        for (int32_t i = 0; i < janet_v_count(oldscope->syms); i++) {
+            SymPair pair = oldscope->syms[i];
+            /* The variable should not be lexically accessible */
+            pair.sym = NULL;
+            if (pair.death_pc == UINT32_MAX) {
+                pair.death_pc = (uint32_t) janet_v_count(c->buffer);
+            }
+            if (pair.keep) {
+                /* The variable should also not be included in the locals */
+                pair.sym2 = NULL;
+                janetc_regalloc_touch(&newscope->ra, pair.slot.index);
+            }
+            janet_v_push(newscope->syms, pair);
+        }
     }
+
     /* Free the old scope */
     janet_v_free(oldscope->consts);
     janet_v_free(oldscope->syms);
@@ -197,6 +207,39 @@ void janetc_popscope_keepslot(JanetCompiler *c, JanetSlot retslot) {
     }
 }
 
+static int lookup_missing(
+    JanetCompiler *c,
+    const uint8_t *sym,
+    JanetFunction *handler,
+    JanetBinding *out) {
+    int32_t minar = handler->def->min_arity;
+    int32_t maxar = handler->def->max_arity;
+    if (minar > 1 || maxar < 1) {
+        janetc_error(c, janet_cstring("missing symbol lookup handler must take 1 argument"));
+        return 0;
+    }
+    Janet args[1] = { janet_wrap_symbol(sym) };
+    JanetFiber *fiberp = janet_fiber(handler, 64, 1, args);
+    if (NULL == fiberp) {
+        janetc_error(c, janet_cstring("failed to call missing symbol lookup handler"));
+        return 0;
+    }
+    fiberp->env = c->env;
+    int lock = janet_gclock();
+    Janet tempOut;
+    JanetSignal status = janet_continue(fiberp, janet_wrap_nil(), &tempOut);
+    janet_gcunlock(lock);
+    if (status != JANET_SIGNAL_OK) {
+        janetc_error(c, janet_formatc("(lookup) %V", tempOut));
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Convert return value as entry. */
+    /* Alternative could use janet_resolve_ext(c->env, sym) to read result from environment. */
+    *out = janet_binding_from_entry(tempOut);
+    return 1;
+}
+
 /* Allow searching for symbols. Return information about the symbol */
 JanetSlot janetc_resolve(
     JanetCompiler *c,
@@ -230,6 +273,21 @@ JanetSlot janetc_resolve(
     /* Symbol not found - check for global */
     {
         JanetBinding binding = janet_resolve_ext(c->env, sym);
+        if (binding.type == JANET_BINDING_NONE) {
+            Janet handler = janet_table_get(c->env, janet_ckeywordv("missing-symbol"));
+            switch (janet_type(handler)) {
+                case JANET_NIL:
+                    break;
+                case JANET_FUNCTION:
+                    if (!lookup_missing(c, sym, janet_unwrap_function(handler), &binding))
+                        return janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_nil());
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    janetc_error(c, janet_formatc("invalid lookup handler %V", handler));
+                    return janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_nil());
+            }
+        }
+
         switch (binding.type) {
             default:
             case JANET_BINDING_NONE:
@@ -239,6 +297,12 @@ JanetSlot janetc_resolve(
             case JANET_BINDING_MACRO: /* Macro should function like defs when not in calling pos */
                 ret = janetc_cslot(binding.value);
                 break;
+            case JANET_BINDING_DYNAMIC_DEF:
+            case JANET_BINDING_DYNAMIC_MACRO:
+                ret = janetc_cslot(binding.value);
+                ret.flags |= JANET_SLOT_REF | JANET_SLOT_NAMED | JANET_SLOTTYPE_ANY;
+                ret.flags &= ~JANET_SLOT_CONSTANT;
+                break;
             case JANET_BINDING_VAR: {
                 ret = janetc_cslot(binding.value);
                 ret.flags |= JANET_SLOT_REF | JANET_SLOT_NAMED | JANET_SLOT_MUTABLE | JANET_SLOTTYPE_ANY;
@@ -280,6 +344,7 @@ found:
     }
 
     /* non-local scope needs to expose its environment */
+    JanetScope *original_scope = scope;
     pair->keep = 1;
     while (scope && !(scope->flags & JANET_SCOPE_FUNCTION))
         scope = scope->parent;
@@ -301,7 +366,7 @@ found:
             /* Check if scope already has env. If so, break */
             len = janet_v_count(scope->envs);
             for (j = 0; j < len; j++) {
-                if (scope->envs[j] == envindex) {
+                if (scope->envs[j].envindex == envindex) {
                     scopefound = 1;
                     envindex = j;
                     break;
@@ -310,7 +375,10 @@ found:
             /* Add the environment if it is not already referenced */
             if (!scopefound) {
                 len = janet_v_count(scope->envs);
-                janet_v_push(scope->envs, envindex);
+                JanetEnvRef ref;
+                ref.envindex = envindex;
+                ref.scope = original_scope;
+                janet_v_push(scope->envs, ref);
                 envindex = len;
             }
         }
@@ -354,6 +422,7 @@ JanetSlot *janetc_toslots(JanetCompiler *c, const Janet *vals, int32_t len) {
     int32_t i;
     JanetSlot *ret = NULL;
     JanetFopts subopts = janetc_fopts_default(c);
+    subopts.flags |= JANET_FOPTS_ACCEPT_SPLICE;
     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
         janet_v_push(ret, janetc_value(subopts, vals[i]));
     }
@@ -364,6 +433,7 @@ JanetSlot *janetc_toslots(JanetCompiler *c, const Janet *vals, int32_t len) {
 JanetSlot *janetc_toslotskv(JanetCompiler *c, Janet ds) {
     JanetSlot *ret = NULL;
     JanetFopts subopts = janetc_fopts_default(c);
+    subopts.flags |= JANET_FOPTS_ACCEPT_SPLICE;
     const JanetKV *kvs = NULL;
     int32_t cap = 0, len = 0;
     janet_dictionary_view(ds, &kvs, &len, &cap);
@@ -651,7 +721,7 @@ static int macroexpand1(
     }
     Janet macroval;
     JanetBindingType btype = janet_resolve(c->env, name, &macroval);
-    if (btype != JANET_BINDING_MACRO ||
+    if (!(btype == JANET_BINDING_MACRO || btype == JANET_BINDING_DYNAMIC_MACRO) ||
             !janet_checktype(macroval, JANET_FUNCTION))
         return 0;
 
@@ -676,12 +746,14 @@ static int macroexpand1(
     int lock = janet_gclock();
     Janet mf_kw = janet_ckeywordv("macro-form");
     janet_table_put(c->env, mf_kw, x);
+    Janet ml_kw = janet_ckeywordv("macro-lints");
+    if (c->lints) {
+        janet_table_put(c->env, ml_kw, janet_wrap_array(c->lints));
+    }
     Janet tempOut;
     JanetSignal status = janet_continue(fiberp, janet_wrap_nil(), &tempOut);
     janet_table_put(c->env, mf_kw, janet_wrap_nil());
-    if (c->lints) {
-        janet_table_put(c->env, janet_ckeywordv("macro-lints"), janet_wrap_array(c->lints));
-    }
+    janet_table_put(c->env, ml_kw, janet_wrap_nil());
     janet_gcunlock(lock);
     if (status != JANET_SIGNAL_OK) {
         const uint8_t *es = janet_formatc("(macro) %V", tempOut);
@@ -814,7 +886,10 @@ JanetFuncDef *janetc_pop_funcdef(JanetCompiler *c) {
 
     /* Copy envs */
     def->environments_length = janet_v_count(scope->envs);
-    def->environments = janet_v_flatten(scope->envs);
+    def->environments = janet_malloc(sizeof(int32_t) * def->environments_length);
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < def->environments_length; i++) {
+        def->environments[i] = scope->envs[i].envindex;
+    }
 
     def->constants_length = janet_v_count(scope->consts);
     def->constants = janet_v_flatten(scope->consts);
@@ -859,7 +934,7 @@ JanetFuncDef *janetc_pop_funcdef(JanetCompiler *c) {
         int32_t slotchunks = (def->slotcount + 31) >> 5;
         /* numchunks is min of slotchunks and scope->ua.count */
         int32_t numchunks = slotchunks > scope->ua.count ? scope->ua.count : slotchunks;
-        uint32_t *chunks = janet_calloc(sizeof(uint32_t), slotchunks);
+        uint32_t *chunks = janet_calloc(slotchunks, sizeof(uint32_t));
         if (NULL == chunks) {
             JANET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
         }
@@ -869,9 +944,66 @@ JanetFuncDef *janetc_pop_funcdef(JanetCompiler *c) {
         def->closure_bitset = chunks;
     }
 
+    /* Capture symbol to local mapping */
+    JanetSymbolMap *locals = NULL;
+
+    /* Symbol -> upvalue mapping */
+    JanetScope *top = c->scope;
+    while (top->parent) top = top->parent;
+    for (JanetScope *s = top; s != NULL; s = s->child) {
+        for (int32_t j = 0; j < janet_v_count(scope->envs); j++) {
+            JanetEnvRef ref = scope->envs[j];
+            JanetScope *upscope = ref.scope;
+            if (upscope != s) continue;
+            for (int32_t i = 0; i < janet_v_count(upscope->syms); i++) {
+                SymPair pair = upscope->syms[i];
+                if (pair.sym2) {
+                    JanetSymbolMap jsm;
+                    jsm.birth_pc = UINT32_MAX;
+                    jsm.death_pc = j;
+                    jsm.slot_index = pair.slot.index;
+                    jsm.symbol = pair.sym2;
+                    janet_v_push(locals, jsm);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Symbol -> slot mapping */
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < janet_v_count(scope->syms); i++) {
+        SymPair pair = scope->syms[i];
+        if (pair.sym2) {
+            JanetSymbolMap jsm;
+            if (pair.death_pc == UINT32_MAX) {
+                jsm.death_pc = def->bytecode_length;
+            } else {
+                jsm.death_pc = pair.death_pc - scope->bytecode_start;
+            }
+            /* Handle birth_pc == 0 correctly */
+            if ((uint32_t) scope->bytecode_start > pair.birth_pc) {
+                jsm.birth_pc = 0;
+            } else {
+                jsm.birth_pc = pair.birth_pc - scope->bytecode_start;
+            }
+            janet_assert(jsm.birth_pc <= jsm.death_pc, "birth pc after death pc");
+            janet_assert(jsm.birth_pc < (uint32_t) def->bytecode_length, "bad birth pc");
+            janet_assert(jsm.death_pc <= (uint32_t) def->bytecode_length, "bad death pc");
+            jsm.slot_index = pair.slot.index;
+            jsm.symbol = pair.sym2;
+            janet_v_push(locals, jsm);
+        }
+    }
+    def->symbolmap_length = janet_v_count(locals);
+    def->symbolmap = janet_v_flatten(locals);
+    if (def->symbolmap_length) def->flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASSYMBOLMAP;
+
     /* Pop the scope */
     janetc_popscope(c);
 
+    /* Do basic optimization */
+    janet_bytecode_movopt(def);
+    janet_bytecode_remove_noops(def);
+
     return def;
 }
 
@@ -924,7 +1056,7 @@ JanetCompileResult janet_compile_lint(Janet source,
 
     if (c.result.status == JANET_COMPILE_OK) {
         JanetFuncDef *def = janetc_pop_funcdef(&c);
-        def->name = janet_cstring("_thunk");
+        def->name = janet_cstring("thunk");
         janet_def_addflags(def);
         c.result.funcdef = def;
     } else {
@@ -942,7 +1074,7 @@ JanetCompileResult janet_compile(Janet source, JanetTable *env, const uint8_t *w
 }
 
 /* C Function for compiling */
-JANET_CORE_FN(cfun,
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_compile,
               "(compile ast &opt env source lints)",
               "Compiles an Abstract Syntax Tree (ast) into a function. "
               "Pair the compile function with parsing functionality to implement "
@@ -951,16 +1083,25 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun,
               "If a `lints` array is given, linting messages will be appended to the array. "
               "Each message will be a tuple of the form `(level line col message)`.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 1, 4);
-    JanetTable *env = argc > 1 ? janet_gettable(argv, 1) : janet_vm.fiber->env;
+    JanetTable *env = (argc > 1 && !janet_checktype(argv[1], JANET_NIL))
+                      ? janet_gettable(argv, 1) : janet_vm.fiber->env;
     if (NULL == env) {
         env = janet_table(0);
         janet_vm.fiber->env = env;
     }
     const uint8_t *source = NULL;
     if (argc >= 3) {
-        source = janet_getstring(argv, 2);
+        Janet x = argv[2];
+        if (janet_checktype(x, JANET_STRING)) {
+            source = janet_unwrap_string(x);
+        } else if (janet_checktype(x, JANET_KEYWORD)) {
+            source = janet_unwrap_keyword(x);
+        } else if (!janet_checktype(x, JANET_NIL)) {
+            janet_panic_type(x, 2, JANET_TFLAG_STRING | JANET_TFLAG_KEYWORD);
+        }
     }
-    JanetArray *lints = (argc >= 4) ? janet_getarray(argv, 3) : NULL;
+    JanetArray *lints = (argc >= 4 && !janet_checktype(argv[3], JANET_NIL))
+                        ? janet_getarray(argv, 3) : NULL;
     JanetCompileResult res = janet_compile_lint(argv[0], env, source, lints);
     if (res.status == JANET_COMPILE_OK) {
         return janet_wrap_function(janet_thunk(res.funcdef));
@@ -982,7 +1123,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun,
 
 void janet_lib_compile(JanetTable *env) {
     JanetRegExt cfuns[] = {
-        JANET_CORE_REG("compile", cfun),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("compile", cfun_compile),
         JANET_REG_END
     };
     janet_core_cfuns_ext(env, NULL, cfuns);

src/core/compile.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ typedef enum {
 #define JANET_FUN_REMAINDER 30
 #define JANET_FUN_CMP 31
 #define JANET_FUN_CANCEL 32
+#define JANET_FUN_DIVIDE_FLOOR 33
 
 /* Compiler typedefs */
 typedef struct JanetCompiler JanetCompiler;
@@ -111,13 +112,21 @@ struct JanetSlot {
 typedef struct SymPair {
     JanetSlot slot;
     const uint8_t *sym;
+    const uint8_t *sym2;
     int keep;
+    uint32_t birth_pc;
+    uint32_t death_pc;
 } SymPair;
 
+typedef struct JanetEnvRef {
+    int32_t envindex;
+    JanetScope *scope;
+} JanetEnvRef;
+
 /* A lexical scope during compilation */
 struct JanetScope {
 
-    /* For debugging */
+    /* For debugging the compiler */
     const char *name;
 
     /* Scopes are doubly linked list */
@@ -133,7 +142,7 @@ struct JanetScope {
     /* FuncDefs */
     JanetFuncDef **defs;
 
-    /* Regsiter allocator */
+    /* Register allocator */
     JanetcRegisterAllocator ra;
 
     /* Upvalue allocator */
@@ -142,7 +151,7 @@ struct JanetScope {
     /* Referenced closure environments. The values at each index correspond
      * to which index to get the environment from in the parent. The environment
      * that corresponds to the direct parent's stack will always have value 0. */
-    int32_t *envs;
+    JanetEnvRef *envs;
 
     int32_t bytecode_start;
     int flags;
@@ -179,6 +188,7 @@ struct JanetCompiler {
 #define JANET_FOPTS_TAIL 0x10000
 #define JANET_FOPTS_HINT 0x20000
 #define JANET_FOPTS_DROP 0x40000
+#define JANET_FOPTS_ACCEPT_SPLICE 0x80000
 
 /* Options for compiling a single form */
 struct JanetFopts {
@@ -227,7 +237,7 @@ JanetSlot *janetc_toslots(JanetCompiler *c, const Janet *vals, int32_t len);
 /* Get a bunch of slots for function arguments */
 JanetSlot *janetc_toslotskv(JanetCompiler *c, Janet ds);
 
-/* Push slots load via janetc_toslots. */
+/* Push slots loaded via janetc_toslots. */
 int32_t janetc_pushslots(JanetCompiler *c, JanetSlot *slots);
 
 /* Free slots loaded via janetc_toslots */
@@ -252,10 +262,14 @@ void janetc_popscope(JanetCompiler *c);
 void janetc_popscope_keepslot(JanetCompiler *c, JanetSlot retslot);
 JanetFuncDef *janetc_pop_funcdef(JanetCompiler *c);
 
-/* Create a destory slots */
+/* Create a destroy slot */
 JanetSlot janetc_cslot(Janet x);
 
 /* Search for a symbol */
 JanetSlot janetc_resolve(JanetCompiler *c, const uint8_t *sym);
 
+/* Bytecode optimization */
+void janet_bytecode_movopt(JanetFuncDef *def);
+void janet_bytecode_remove_noops(JanetFuncDef *def);
+
 #endif

src/core/corelib.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -42,52 +42,8 @@ extern size_t janet_core_image_size;
 #define JDOC(x) NULL
 #endif
 
-/* Use LoadLibrary on windows or dlopen on posix to load dynamic libaries
- * with native code. */
-#if defined(JANET_NO_DYNAMIC_MODULES)
-typedef int Clib;
-#define load_clib(name) ((void) name, 0)
-#define symbol_clib(lib, sym) ((void) lib, (void) sym, NULL)
-#define error_clib() "dynamic libraries not supported"
-#elif defined(JANET_WINDOWS)
-#include <windows.h>
-typedef HINSTANCE Clib;
-#define load_clib(name) LoadLibrary((name))
-#define symbol_clib(lib, sym) GetProcAddress((lib), (sym))
-static char error_clib_buf[256];
-static char *error_clib(void) {
-    FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
-                   NULL, GetLastError(), MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
-                   error_clib_buf, sizeof(error_clib_buf), NULL);
-    error_clib_buf[strlen(error_clib_buf) - 1] = '\0';
-    return error_clib_buf;
-}
-#else
-#include <dlfcn.h>
-typedef void *Clib;
-#define load_clib(name) dlopen((name), RTLD_NOW)
-#define symbol_clib(lib, sym) dlsym((lib), (sym))
-#define error_clib() dlerror()
-#endif
-
-static char *get_processed_name(const char *name) {
-    if (name[0] == '.') return (char *) name;
-    const char *c;
-    for (c = name; *c; c++) {
-        if (*c == '/') return (char *) name;
-    }
-    size_t l = (size_t)(c - name);
-    char *ret = janet_malloc(l + 3);
-    if (NULL == ret) {
-        JANET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
-    }
-    ret[0] = '.';
-    ret[1] = '/';
-    memcpy(ret + 2, name, l + 1);
-    return ret;
-}
-
 JanetModule janet_native(const char *name, const uint8_t **error) {
+    janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_DYNAMIC_MODULES);
     char *processed_name = get_processed_name(name);
     Clib lib = load_clib(processed_name);
     JanetModule init;
@@ -113,15 +69,15 @@ JanetModule janet_native(const char *name, const uint8_t **error) {
             host.minor < modconf.minor ||
             host.bits != modconf.bits) {
         char errbuf[128];
-        sprintf(errbuf, "config mismatch - host %d.%.d.%d(%.4x) vs. module %d.%d.%d(%.4x)",
-                host.major,
-                host.minor,
-                host.patch,
-                host.bits,
-                modconf.major,
-                modconf.minor,
-                modconf.patch,
-                modconf.bits);
+        snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "config mismatch - host %d.%.d.%d(%.4x) vs. module %d.%d.%d(%.4x)",
+                 host.major,
+                 host.minor,
+                 host.patch,
+                 host.bits,
+                 modconf.major,
+                 modconf.minor,
+                 modconf.patch,
+                 modconf.bits);
         *error = janet_cstring(errbuf);
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -154,11 +110,14 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_expand_path,
               "(module/expand-path path template)",
               "Expands a path template as found in `module/paths` for `module/find`. "
               "This takes in a path (the argument to require) and a template string, "
-              "to expand the path to a path that can be "
-              "used for importing files. The replacements are as follows:\n\n"
-              "* :all: -- the value of path verbatim\n\n"
-              "* :cur: -- the current file, or (dyn :current-file)\n\n"
-              "* :dir: -- the directory containing the current file\n\n"
+              "to expand the path to a path that can be used for importing files. "
+              "The replacements are as follows:\n\n"
+              "* :all: -- the value of path verbatim.\n\n"
+              "* :@all: -- Same as :all:, but if `path` starts with the @ character, "
+              "the first path segment is replaced with a dynamic binding "
+              "`(dyn <first path segment as keyword>)`.\n\n"
+              "* :cur: -- the directory portion, if any, of (dyn :current-file)\n\n"
+              "* :dir: -- the directory portion, if any, of the path argument\n\n"
               "* :name: -- the name component of path, with extension if given\n\n"
               "* :native: -- the extension used to load natives, .so or .dll\n\n"
               "* :sys: -- the system path, or (dyn :syspath)") {
@@ -202,6 +161,21 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_expand_path,
             if (strncmp(template + i, ":all:", 5) == 0) {
                 janet_buffer_push_cstring(out, input);
                 i += 4;
+            } else if (strncmp(template + i, ":@all:", 6) == 0) {
+                if (input[0] == '@') {
+                    const char *p = input;
+                    while (*p && !is_path_sep(*p)) p++;
+                    size_t len = p - input - 1;
+                    char *str = janet_smalloc(len + 1);
+                    memcpy(str, input + 1, len);
+                    str[len] = '\0';
+                    janet_formatb(out, "%V", janet_dyn(str));
+                    janet_sfree(str);
+                    janet_buffer_push_cstring(out, p);
+                } else {
+                    janet_buffer_push_cstring(out, input);
+                }
+                i += 5;
             } else if (strncmp(template + i, ":cur:", 5) == 0) {
                 janet_buffer_push_bytes(out, (const uint8_t *)curdir, curlen);
                 i += 4;
@@ -339,7 +313,10 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_native,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_describe,
               "(describe x)",
-              "Returns a string that is a human-readable description of a value x.") {
+              "Returns a string that is a human-readable description of `x`. "
+              "For recursive data structures, the string returned contains a "
+              "pointer value from which the identity of `x` "
+              "can be determined.") {
     JanetBuffer *b = janet_buffer(0);
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < argc; ++i)
         janet_description_b(b, argv[i]);
@@ -399,7 +376,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_is_abstract,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_scannumber,
               "(scan-number str &opt base)",
-              "Parse a number from a byte sequence an return that number, either and integer "
+              "Parse a number from a byte sequence and return that number, either an integer "
               "or a real. The number "
               "must be in the same format as numbers in janet source code. Will return nil "
               "on an invalid number. Optionally provide a base - if a base is provided, no "
@@ -449,6 +426,48 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_slice,
     }
 }
 
+JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_range,
+              "(range & args)",
+              "Create an array of values [start, end) with a given step. "
+              "With one argument, returns a range [0, end). With two arguments, returns "
+              "a range [start, end). With three, returns a range with optional step size.") {
+    janet_arity(argc, 1, 3);
+    double start = 0, stop = 0, step = 1, count = 0;
+    if (argc == 3) {
+        start = janet_getnumber(argv, 0);
+        stop = janet_getnumber(argv, 1);
+        step = janet_getnumber(argv, 2);
+        count = (step > 0) ? (stop - start) / step :
+                ((step < 0) ? (stop - start) / step : 0);
+    } else if (argc == 2) {
+        start = janet_getnumber(argv, 0);
+        stop = janet_getnumber(argv, 1);
+        count = stop - start;
+    } else {
+        stop = janet_getnumber(argv, 0);
+        count = stop;
+    }
+    count = (count > 0) ? count : 0;
+    int32_t int_count;
+    janet_assert(count >= 0, "bad range code");
+    if (count > (double) INT32_MAX) {
+        janet_panicf("range is too large, %f elements", count);
+    } else {
+        int_count = (int32_t) ceil(count);
+    }
+    if (step > 0.0) {
+        janet_assert(start + int_count * step >= stop, "bad range code");
+    } else {
+        janet_assert(start + int_count * step <= stop, "bad range code");
+    }
+    JanetArray *array = janet_array(int_count);
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < int_count; i++) {
+        array->data[i] = janet_wrap_number((double) start + (double) i * step);
+    }
+    array->count = int_count;
+    return janet_wrap_array(array);
+}
+
 JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_table,
               "(table & kvs)",
               "Creates a new table from a variadic number of keys and values. "
@@ -465,6 +484,25 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_table,
     return janet_wrap_table(table);
 }
 
+JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_getproto,
+              "(getproto x)",
+              "Get the prototype of a table or struct. Will return nil if `x` has no prototype.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
+    if (janet_checktype(argv[0], JANET_TABLE)) {
+        JanetTable *t = janet_unwrap_table(argv[0]);
+        return t->proto
+               ? janet_wrap_table(t->proto)
+               : janet_wrap_nil();
+    }
+    if (janet_checktype(argv[0], JANET_STRUCT)) {
+        JanetStruct st = janet_unwrap_struct(argv[0]);
+        return janet_struct_proto(st)
+               ? janet_wrap_struct(janet_struct_proto(st))
+               : janet_wrap_nil();
+    }
+    janet_panicf("expected struct or table, got %v", argv[0]);
+}
+
 JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_struct,
               "(struct & kvs)",
               "Create a new struct from a sequence of key value pairs. "
@@ -472,8 +510,9 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_struct,
               "an odd number of elements, an error will be thrown. Returns the "
               "new struct.") {
     int32_t i;
-    if (argc & 1)
+    if (argc & 1) {
         janet_panic("expected even number of arguments");
+    }
     JanetKV *st = janet_struct_begin(argc >> 1);
     for (i = 0; i < argc; i += 2) {
         janet_struct_put(st, argv[i], argv[i + 1]);
@@ -632,31 +671,145 @@ ret_false:
     return janet_wrap_false();
 }
 
+JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_is_bytes,
+              "(bytes? x)",
+              "Check if x is a string, symbol, keyword, or buffer.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
+    return janet_wrap_boolean(janet_checktypes(argv[0], JANET_TFLAG_BYTES));
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_is_indexed,
+              "(indexed? x)",
+              "Check if x is an array or tuple.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
+    return janet_wrap_boolean(janet_checktypes(argv[0], JANET_TFLAG_INDEXED));
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_is_dictionary,
+              "(dictionary? x)",
+              "Check if x is a table or struct.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
+    return janet_wrap_boolean(janet_checktypes(argv[0], JANET_TFLAG_DICTIONARY));
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_is_lengthable,
+              "(lengthable? x)",
+              "Check if x is a bytes, indexed, or dictionary.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
+    return janet_wrap_boolean(janet_checktypes(argv[0], JANET_TFLAG_LENGTHABLE));
+}
+
 JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_signal,
               "(signal what x)",
-              "Raise a signal with payload x. ") {
+              "Raise a signal with payload x. `what` can be an integer\n"
+              "from 0 through 7 indicating user(0-7), or one of:\n\n"
+              "* :ok\n"
+              "* :error\n"
+              "* :debug\n"
+              "* :yield\n"
+              "* :user(0-7)\n"
+              "* :interrupt\n"
+              "* :await") {
     janet_arity(argc, 1, 2);
-    int sig;
+    Janet payload = argc == 2 ? argv[1] : janet_wrap_nil();
     if (janet_checkint(argv[0])) {
         int32_t s = janet_unwrap_integer(argv[0]);
         if (s < 0 || s > 9) {
             janet_panicf("expected user signal between 0 and 9, got %d", s);
         }
-        sig = JANET_SIGNAL_USER0 + s;
+        janet_signalv(JANET_SIGNAL_USER0 + s, payload);
     } else {
         JanetKeyword kw = janet_getkeyword(argv, 0);
-        if (!janet_cstrcmp(kw, "yield")) {
-            sig = JANET_SIGNAL_YIELD;
-        } else if (!janet_cstrcmp(kw, "error")) {
-            sig = JANET_SIGNAL_ERROR;
-        } else if (!janet_cstrcmp(kw, "debug")) {
-            sig = JANET_SIGNAL_DEBUG;
-        } else {
-            janet_panicf("unknown signal, expected :yield, :error, or :debug, got %v", argv[0]);
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(janet_signal_names) / sizeof(char *); i++) {
+            if (!janet_cstrcmp(kw, janet_signal_names[i])) {
+                janet_signalv((JanetSignal) i, payload);
+            }
         }
     }
-    Janet payload = argc == 2 ? argv[1] : janet_wrap_nil();
-    janet_signalv(sig, payload);
+    janet_panicf("unknown signal %v", argv[0]);
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_memcmp,
+              "(memcmp a b &opt len offset-a offset-b)",
+              "Compare memory. Takes two byte sequences `a` and `b`, and "
+              "return 0 if they have identical contents, a negative integer if a is less than b, "
+              "and a positive integer if a is greater than b. Optionally take a length and offsets "
+              "to compare slices of the bytes sequences.") {
+    janet_arity(argc, 2, 5);
+    JanetByteView a = janet_getbytes(argv, 0);
+    JanetByteView b = janet_getbytes(argv, 1);
+    int32_t len = janet_optnat(argv, argc, 2, a.len < b.len ? a.len : b.len);
+    int32_t offset_a = janet_optnat(argv, argc, 3, 0);
+    int32_t offset_b = janet_optnat(argv, argc, 4, 0);
+    if (offset_a + len > a.len) janet_panicf("invalid offset-a: %d", offset_a);
+    if (offset_b + len > b.len) janet_panicf("invalid offset-b: %d", offset_b);
+    return janet_wrap_integer(memcmp(a.bytes + offset_a, b.bytes + offset_b, (size_t) len));
+}
+
+typedef struct SandboxOption {
+    const char *name;
+    uint32_t flag;
+} SandboxOption;
+
+static const SandboxOption sandbox_options[] = {
+    {"all", JANET_SANDBOX_ALL},
+    {"env", JANET_SANDBOX_ENV},
+    {"ffi", JANET_SANDBOX_FFI},
+    {"ffi-define", JANET_SANDBOX_FFI_DEFINE},
+    {"ffi-jit", JANET_SANDBOX_FFI_JIT},
+    {"ffi-use", JANET_SANDBOX_FFI_USE},
+    {"fs", JANET_SANDBOX_FS},
+    {"fs-read", JANET_SANDBOX_FS_READ},
+    {"fs-temp", JANET_SANDBOX_FS_TEMP},
+    {"fs-write", JANET_SANDBOX_FS_WRITE},
+    {"hrtime", JANET_SANDBOX_HRTIME},
+    {"modules", JANET_SANDBOX_DYNAMIC_MODULES},
+    {"net", JANET_SANDBOX_NET},
+    {"net-connect", JANET_SANDBOX_NET_CONNECT},
+    {"net-listen", JANET_SANDBOX_NET_LISTEN},
+    {"sandbox", JANET_SANDBOX_SANDBOX},
+    {"signal", JANET_SANDBOX_SIGNAL},
+    {"subprocess", JANET_SANDBOX_SUBPROCESS},
+    {NULL, 0}
+};
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_sandbox,
+              "(sandbox & forbidden-capabilities)",
+              "Disable feature sets to prevent the interpreter from using certain system resources. "
+              "Once a feature is disabled, there is no way to re-enable it. Capabilities can be:\n\n"
+              "* :all - disallow all (except IO to stdout, stderr, and stdin)\n"
+              "* :env - disallow reading and write env variables\n"
+              "* :ffi - disallow FFI (recommended if disabling anything else)\n"
+              "* :ffi-define - disallow loading new FFI modules and binding new functions\n"
+              "* :ffi-jit - disallow calling `ffi/jitfn`\n"
+              "* :ffi-use - disallow using any previously bound FFI functions and memory-unsafe functions.\n"
+              "* :fs - disallow access to the file system\n"
+              "* :fs-read - disallow read access to the file system\n"
+              "* :fs-temp - disallow creating temporary files\n"
+              "* :fs-write - disallow write access to the file system\n"
+              "* :hrtime - disallow high-resolution timers\n"
+              "* :modules - disallow load dynamic modules (natives)\n"
+              "* :net - disallow network access\n"
+              "* :net-connect - disallow making outbound network connections\n"
+              "* :net-listen - disallow accepting inbound network connections\n"
+              "* :sandbox - disallow calling this function\n"
+              "* :signal - disallow adding or removing signal handlers\n"
+              "* :subprocess - disallow running subprocesses") {
+    uint32_t flags = 0;
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+        JanetKeyword kw = janet_getkeyword(argv, i);
+        const SandboxOption *opt = sandbox_options;
+        while (opt->name != NULL) {
+            if (janet_cstrcmp(kw, opt->name) == 0) {
+                flags |= opt->flag;
+                break;
+            }
+            opt++;
+        }
+        if (opt->name == NULL) janet_panicf("unknown capability %v", argv[i]);
+    }
+    janet_sandbox(flags);
+    return janet_wrap_nil();
 }
 
 #ifdef JANET_BOOTSTRAP
@@ -843,18 +996,17 @@ static void make_apply(JanetTable *env) {
         /* Push the array */
         S(JOP_PUSH_ARRAY, 5),
 
-        /* Call the funciton */
+        /* Call the function */
         S(JOP_TAILCALL, 0)
     };
     janet_quick_asm(env, JANET_FUN_APPLY | JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_VARARG,
                     "apply", 1, 1, INT32_MAX, 6, apply_asm, sizeof(apply_asm),
                     JDOC("(apply f & args)\n\n"
-                         "Applies a function to a variable number of arguments. Each element in args "
-                         "is used as an argument to f, except the last element in args, which is expected to "
-                         "be an array-like. Each element in this last argument is then also pushed as an argument to "
-                         "f. For example:\n\n"
-                         "\t(apply + 1000 (range 10))\n\n"
-                         "sums the first 10 integers and 1000."));
+         "Applies a function f to a variable number of arguments. Each "
+         "element in args is used as an argument to f, except the last "
+         "element in args, which is expected to be an array or a tuple. "
+         "Each element in this last argument is then also pushed as an "
+         "argument to f."));
 }
 
 static const uint32_t error_asm[] = {
@@ -912,14 +1064,6 @@ static const uint32_t next_asm[] = {
     JOP_NEXT | (1 << 24),
     JOP_RETURN
 };
-static const uint32_t modulo_asm[] = {
-    JOP_MODULO | (1 << 24),
-    JOP_RETURN
-};
-static const uint32_t remainder_asm[] = {
-    JOP_REMAINDER | (1 << 24),
-    JOP_RETURN
-};
 static const uint32_t cmp_asm[] = {
     JOP_COMPARE | (1 << 24),
     JOP_RETURN
@@ -958,8 +1102,16 @@ static void janet_load_libs(JanetTable *env) {
         JANET_CORE_REG("module/expand-path", janet_core_expand_path),
         JANET_CORE_REG("int?", janet_core_check_int),
         JANET_CORE_REG("nat?", janet_core_check_nat),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("bytes?", janet_core_is_bytes),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("indexed?", janet_core_is_indexed),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("dictionary?", janet_core_is_dictionary),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("lengthable?", janet_core_is_lengthable),
         JANET_CORE_REG("slice", janet_core_slice),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("range", janet_core_range),
         JANET_CORE_REG("signal", janet_core_signal),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("memcmp", janet_core_memcmp),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("getproto", janet_core_getproto),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("sandbox", janet_core_sandbox),
         JANET_REG_END
     };
     janet_core_cfuns_ext(env, NULL, corelib_cfuns);
@@ -969,6 +1121,7 @@ static void janet_load_libs(JanetTable *env) {
     janet_lib_tuple(env);
     janet_lib_buffer(env);
     janet_lib_table(env);
+    janet_lib_struct(env);
     janet_lib_fiber(env);
     janet_lib_os(env);
     janet_lib_parse(env);
@@ -987,100 +1140,101 @@ static void janet_load_libs(JanetTable *env) {
 #endif
 #ifdef JANET_EV
     janet_lib_ev(env);
+#ifdef JANET_FILEWATCH
+    janet_lib_filewatch(env);
+#endif
 #endif
 #ifdef JANET_NET
     janet_lib_net(env);
 #endif
+#ifdef JANET_FFI
+    janet_lib_ffi(env);
+#endif
 }
 
 #ifdef JANET_BOOTSTRAP
 
 JanetTable *janet_core_env(JanetTable *replacements) {
     JanetTable *env = (NULL != replacements) ? replacements : janet_table(0);
-    janet_quick_asm(env, JANET_FUN_MODULO,
-                    "mod", 2, 2, 2, 2, modulo_asm, sizeof(modulo_asm),
-                    JDOC("(mod dividend divisor)\n\n"
-                         "Returns the modulo of dividend / divisor."));
-    janet_quick_asm(env, JANET_FUN_REMAINDER,
-                    "%", 2, 2, 2, 2, remainder_asm, sizeof(remainder_asm),
-                    JDOC("(% dividend divisor)\n\n"
-                         "Returns the remainder of dividend / divisor."));
     janet_quick_asm(env, JANET_FUN_CMP,
                     "cmp", 2, 2, 2, 2, cmp_asm, sizeof(cmp_asm),
                     JDOC("(cmp x y)\n\n"
-                         "Returns -1 if x is strictly less than y, 1 if y is strictly greater "
-                         "than x, and 0 otherwise. To return 0, x and y must be the exact same type."));
+         "Returns -1 if x is strictly less than y, 1 if y is strictly greater "
+         "than x, and 0 otherwise. To return 0, x and y must be the exact same type."));
     janet_quick_asm(env, JANET_FUN_NEXT,
                     "next", 2, 1, 2, 2, next_asm, sizeof(next_asm),
                     JDOC("(next ds &opt key)\n\n"
-                         "Gets the next key in a data structure. Can be used to iterate through "
-                         "the keys of a data structure in an unspecified order. Keys are guaranteed "
-                         "to be seen only once per iteration if they data structure is not mutated "
-                         "during iteration. If key is nil, next returns the first key. If next "
-                         "returns nil, there are no more keys to iterate through."));
+         "Gets the next key in a data structure. Can be used to iterate through "
+         "the keys of a data structure in an unspecified order. Keys are guaranteed "
+         "to be seen only once per iteration if the data structure is not mutated "
+         "during iteration. If key is nil, next returns the first key. If next "
+         "returns nil, there are no more keys to iterate through."));
     janet_quick_asm(env, JANET_FUN_PROP,
                     "propagate", 2, 2, 2, 2, propagate_asm, sizeof(propagate_asm),
                     JDOC("(propagate x fiber)\n\n"
-                         "Propagate a signal from a fiber to the current fiber. The resulting "
-                         "stack trace from the current fiber will include frames from fiber. If "
-                         "fiber is in a state that can be resumed, resuming the current fiber will "
-                         "first resume fiber. This function can be used to re-raise an error without "
-                         "losing the original stack trace."));
+         "Propagate a signal from a fiber to the current fiber and "
+         "set the last value of the current fiber to `x`.  The signal "
+         "value is then available as the status of the current fiber. "
+         "The resulting stack trace from the current fiber will include "
+         "frames from fiber. If fiber is in a state that can be resumed, "
+         "resuming the current fiber will first resume `fiber`. "
+         "This function can be used to re-raise an error without losing "
+         "the original stack trace."));
     janet_quick_asm(env, JANET_FUN_DEBUG,
                     "debug", 1, 0, 1, 1, debug_asm, sizeof(debug_asm),
                     JDOC("(debug &opt x)\n\n"
-                         "Throws a debug signal that can be caught by a parent fiber and used to inspect "
-                         "the running state of the current fiber. Returns the value passed in by resume."));
+         "Throws a debug signal that can be caught by a parent fiber and used to inspect "
+         "the running state of the current fiber. Returns the value passed in by resume."));
     janet_quick_asm(env, JANET_FUN_ERROR,
                     "error", 1, 1, 1, 1, error_asm, sizeof(error_asm),
                     JDOC("(error e)\n\n"
-                         "Throws an error e that can be caught and handled by a parent fiber."));
+         "Throws an error e that can be caught and handled by a parent fiber."));
     janet_quick_asm(env, JANET_FUN_YIELD,
                     "yield", 1, 0, 1, 2, yield_asm, sizeof(yield_asm),
                     JDOC("(yield &opt x)\n\n"
-                         "Yield a value to a parent fiber. When a fiber yields, its execution is paused until "
-                         "another thread resumes it. The fiber will then resume, and the last yield call will "
-                         "return the value that was passed to resume."));
+         "Yield a value to a parent fiber. When a fiber yields, its execution is paused until "
+         "another thread resumes it. The fiber will then resume, and the last yield call will "
+         "return the value that was passed to resume."));
     janet_quick_asm(env, JANET_FUN_CANCEL,
                     "cancel", 2, 2, 2, 2, cancel_asm, sizeof(cancel_asm),
                     JDOC("(cancel fiber err)\n\n"
-                         "Resume a fiber but have it immediately raise an error. This lets a programmer unwind a pending fiber. "
-                         "Returns the same result as resume."));
+         "Resume a fiber but have it immediately raise an error. This lets a programmer unwind a pending fiber. "
+         "Returns the same result as resume."));
     janet_quick_asm(env, JANET_FUN_RESUME,
                     "resume", 2, 1, 2, 2, resume_asm, sizeof(resume_asm),
                     JDOC("(resume fiber &opt x)\n\n"
-                         "Resume a new or suspended fiber and optionally pass in a value to the fiber that "
-                         "will be returned to the last yield in the case of a pending fiber, or the argument to "
-                         "the dispatch function in the case of a new fiber. Returns either the return result of "
-                         "the fiber's dispatch function, or the value from the next yield call in fiber."));
+         "Resume a new or suspended fiber and optionally pass in a value to the fiber that "
+         "will be returned to the last yield in the case of a pending fiber, or the argument to "
+         "the dispatch function in the case of a new fiber. Returns either the return result of "
+         "the fiber's dispatch function, or the value from the next yield call in fiber."));
     janet_quick_asm(env, JANET_FUN_IN,
                     "in", 3, 2, 3, 4, in_asm, sizeof(in_asm),
                     JDOC("(in ds key &opt dflt)\n\n"
-                         "Get value in ds at key, works on associative data structures. Arrays, tuples, tables, structs, "
-                         "strings, symbols, and buffers are all associative and can be used. Arrays, tuples, strings, buffers, "
-                         "and symbols must use integer keys that are in bounds or an error is raised. Structs and tables can "
-                         "take any value as a key except nil and will return nil or dflt if not found."));
+         "Get value in ds at key, works on associative data structures. Arrays, tuples, tables, structs, "
+         "strings, symbols, and buffers are all associative and can be used. Arrays, tuples, strings, buffers, "
+         "and symbols must use integer keys that are in bounds or an error is raised. Structs and tables can "
+         "take any value as a key except nil and will return nil or dflt if not found."));
     janet_quick_asm(env, JANET_FUN_GET,
                     "get", 3, 2, 3, 4, get_asm, sizeof(in_asm),
                     JDOC("(get ds key &opt dflt)\n\n"
-                         "Get the value mapped to key in data structure ds, and return dflt or nil if not found. "
-                         "Similar to in, but will not throw an error if the key is invalid for the data structure "
-                         "unless the data structure is an abstract type. In that case, the abstract type getter may throw "
-                         "an error."));
+         "Get the value mapped to key in data structure ds, and return dflt or nil if not found. "
+         "Similar to in, but will not throw an error if the key is invalid for the data structure "
+         "unless the data structure is an abstract type. In that case, the abstract type getter may throw "
+         "an error."));
     janet_quick_asm(env, JANET_FUN_PUT,
                     "put", 3, 3, 3, 3, put_asm, sizeof(put_asm),
                     JDOC("(put ds key value)\n\n"
-                         "Associate a key with a value in any mutable associative data structure. Indexed data structures "
-                         "(arrays and buffers) only accept non-negative integer keys, and will expand if an out of bounds "
-                         "value is provided. In an array, extra space will be filled with nils, and in a buffer, extra "
-                         "space will be filled with 0 bytes. In a table, putting a key that is contained in the table prototype "
-                         "will hide the association defined by the prototype, but will not mutate the prototype table. Putting "
-                         "a value nil into a table will remove the key from the table. Returns the data structure ds."));
+         "Associate a key with a value in any mutable associative data structure. Indexed data structures "
+         "(arrays and buffers) only accept non-negative integer keys, and will expand if an out of bounds "
+         "value is provided. In an array, extra space will be filled with nils, and in a buffer, extra "
+         "space will be filled with 0 bytes. In a table, putting a key that is contained in the table prototype "
+         "will hide the association defined by the prototype, but will not mutate the prototype table. Putting "
+         "a value nil into a table will remove the key from the table. Returns the data structure ds."));
     janet_quick_asm(env, JANET_FUN_LENGTH,
                     "length", 1, 1, 1, 1, length_asm, sizeof(length_asm),
                     JDOC("(length ds)\n\n"
-                         "Returns the length or count of a data structure in constant time as an integer. For "
-                         "structs and tables, returns the number of key-value pairs in the data structure."));
+         "Returns the length or count of a data structure in constant time as an integer. For "
+         "structs and tables, returns the number of key-value pairs in the data structure."));
     janet_quick_asm(env, JANET_FUN_BNOT,
                     "bnot", 1, 1, 1, 1, bnot_asm, sizeof(bnot_asm),
                     JDOC("(bnot x)\n\nReturns the bit-wise inverse of integer x."));
@@ -1089,62 +1243,74 @@ JanetTable *janet_core_env(JanetTable *replacements) {
     /* Variadic ops */
     templatize_varop(env, JANET_FUN_ADD, "+", 0, 0, JOP_ADD,
                      JDOC("(+ & xs)\n\n"
-                          "Returns the sum of all xs. xs must be integers or real numbers only. If xs is empty, return 0."));
+         "Returns the sum of all xs. xs must be integers or real numbers only. If xs is empty, return 0."));
     templatize_varop(env, JANET_FUN_SUBTRACT, "-", 0, 0, JOP_SUBTRACT,
                      JDOC("(- & xs)\n\n"
-                          "Returns the difference of xs. If xs is empty, returns 0. If xs has one element, returns the "
-                          "negative value of that element. Otherwise, returns the first element in xs minus the sum of "
-                          "the rest of the elements."));
+         "Returns the difference of xs. If xs is empty, returns 0. If xs has one element, returns the "
+         "negative value of that element. Otherwise, returns the first element in xs minus the sum of "
+         "the rest of the elements."));
     templatize_varop(env, JANET_FUN_MULTIPLY, "*", 1, 1, JOP_MULTIPLY,
                      JDOC("(* & xs)\n\n"
-                          "Returns the product of all elements in xs. If xs is empty, returns 1."));
+         "Returns the product of all elements in xs. If xs is empty, returns 1."));
     templatize_varop(env, JANET_FUN_DIVIDE, "/", 1, 1, JOP_DIVIDE,
                      JDOC("(/ & xs)\n\n"
-                          "Returns the quotient of xs. If xs is empty, returns 1. If xs has one value x, returns "
-                          "the reciprocal of x. Otherwise return the first value of xs repeatedly divided by the remaining "
-                          "values."));
+         "Returns the quotient of xs. If xs is empty, returns 1. If xs has one value x, returns "
+         "the reciprocal of x. Otherwise return the first value of xs repeatedly divided by the remaining "
+         "values."));
+    templatize_varop(env, JANET_FUN_DIVIDE_FLOOR, "div", 1, 1, JOP_DIVIDE_FLOOR,
+                     JDOC("(div & xs)\n\n"
+         "Returns the floored division of xs. If xs is empty, returns 1. If xs has one value x, returns "
+         "the reciprocal of x. Otherwise return the first value of xs repeatedly divided by the remaining "
+         "values."));
+    templatize_varop(env, JANET_FUN_MODULO, "mod", 0, 1, JOP_MODULO,
+                     JDOC("(mod & xs)\n\n"
+         "Returns the result of applying the modulo operator on the first value of xs with each remaining value. "
+         "`(mod x 0)` is defined to be `x`."));
+    templatize_varop(env, JANET_FUN_REMAINDER, "%", 0, 1, JOP_REMAINDER,
+                     JDOC("(% & xs)\n\n"
+         "Returns the remainder of dividing the first value of xs by each remaining value."));
     templatize_varop(env, JANET_FUN_BAND, "band", -1, -1, JOP_BAND,
                      JDOC("(band & xs)\n\n"
-                          "Returns the bit-wise and of all values in xs. Each x in xs must be an integer."));
+         "Returns the bit-wise and of all values in xs. Each x in xs must be an integer."));
     templatize_varop(env, JANET_FUN_BOR, "bor", 0, 0, JOP_BOR,
                      JDOC("(bor & xs)\n\n"
-                          "Returns the bit-wise or of all values in xs. Each x in xs must be an integer."));
+         "Returns the bit-wise or of all values in xs. Each x in xs must be an integer."));
     templatize_varop(env, JANET_FUN_BXOR, "bxor", 0, 0, JOP_BXOR,
                      JDOC("(bxor & xs)\n\n"
-                          "Returns the bit-wise xor of all values in xs. Each in xs must be an integer."));
+         "Returns the bit-wise xor of all values in xs. Each in xs must be an integer."));
     templatize_varop(env, JANET_FUN_LSHIFT, "blshift", 1, 1, JOP_SHIFT_LEFT,
                      JDOC("(blshift x & shifts)\n\n"
-                          "Returns the value of x bit shifted left by the sum of all values in shifts. x "
-                          "and each element in shift must be an integer."));
+         "Returns the value of x bit shifted left by the sum of all values in shifts. x "
+         "and each element in shift must be an integer."));
     templatize_varop(env, JANET_FUN_RSHIFT, "brshift", 1, 1, JOP_SHIFT_RIGHT,
                      JDOC("(brshift x & shifts)\n\n"
-                          "Returns the value of x bit shifted right by the sum of all values in shifts. x "
-                          "and each element in shift must be an integer."));
+         "Returns the value of x bit shifted right by the sum of all values in shifts. x "
+         "and each element in shift must be an integer."));
     templatize_varop(env, JANET_FUN_RSHIFTU, "brushift", 1, 1, JOP_SHIFT_RIGHT_UNSIGNED,
                      JDOC("(brushift x & shifts)\n\n"
-                          "Returns the value of x bit shifted right by the sum of all values in shifts. x "
-                          "and each element in shift must be an integer. The sign of x is not preserved, so "
-                          "for positive shifts the return value will always be positive."));
+         "Returns the value of x bit shifted right by the sum of all values in shifts. x "
+         "and each element in shift must be an integer. The sign of x is not preserved, so "
+         "for positive shifts the return value will always be positive."));
 
     /* Variadic comparators */
     templatize_comparator(env, JANET_FUN_GT, ">", 0, JOP_GREATER_THAN,
                           JDOC("(> & xs)\n\n"
-                               "Check if xs is in descending order. Returns a boolean."));
+         "Check if xs is in descending order. Returns a boolean."));
     templatize_comparator(env, JANET_FUN_LT, "<", 0, JOP_LESS_THAN,
                           JDOC("(< & xs)\n\n"
-                               "Check if xs is in ascending order. Returns a boolean."));
+         "Check if xs is in ascending order. Returns a boolean."));
     templatize_comparator(env, JANET_FUN_GTE, ">=", 0, JOP_GREATER_THAN_EQUAL,
                           JDOC("(>= & xs)\n\n"
-                               "Check if xs is in non-ascending order. Returns a boolean."));
+         "Check if xs is in non-ascending order. Returns a boolean."));
     templatize_comparator(env, JANET_FUN_LTE, "<=", 0, JOP_LESS_THAN_EQUAL,
                           JDOC("(<= & xs)\n\n"
-                               "Check if xs is in non-descending order. Returns a boolean."));
+         "Check if xs is in non-descending order. Returns a boolean."));
     templatize_comparator(env, JANET_FUN_EQ, "=", 0, JOP_EQUALS,
                           JDOC("(= & xs)\n\n"
-                               "Check if all values in xs are equal. Returns a boolean."));
+         "Check if all values in xs are equal. Returns a boolean."));
     templatize_comparator(env, JANET_FUN_NEQ, "not=", 1, JOP_EQUALS,
                           JDOC("(not= & xs)\n\n"
-                               "Check if any values in xs are not equal. Returns a boolean."));
+         "Check if any values in xs are not equal. Returns a boolean."));
 
     /* Platform detection */
     janet_def(env, "janet/version", janet_cstringv(JANET_VERSION),
@@ -1153,7 +1319,7 @@ JanetTable *janet_core_env(JanetTable *replacements) {
               JDOC("The build identifier of the running janet program."));
     janet_def(env, "janet/config-bits", janet_wrap_integer(JANET_CURRENT_CONFIG_BITS),
               JDOC("The flag set of config options from janetconf.h which is used to check "
-                   "if native modules are compatible with the host program."));
+         "if native modules are compatible with the host program."));
 
     /* Allow references to the environment */
     janet_def(env, "root-env", janet_wrap_table(env),

src/core/debug.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ void janet_debug_find(
                 }
             }
         }
-        current = current->next;
+        current = current->data.next;
     }
     if (best_def) {
         *def_out = best_def;
@@ -96,15 +96,19 @@ void janet_debug_find(
     }
 }
 
-/* Error reporting. This can be emulated from within Janet, but for
- * consitency with the top level code it is defined once. */
 void janet_stacktrace(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet err) {
+    const char *prefix = janet_checktype(err, JANET_NIL) ? NULL : "";
+    janet_stacktrace_ext(fiber, err, prefix);
+}
+
+/* Error reporting. This can be emulated from within Janet, but for
+ * consistency with the top level code it is defined once. */
+void janet_stacktrace_ext(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet err, const char *prefix) {
+
     int32_t fi;
     const char *errstr = (const char *)janet_to_string(err);
     JanetFiber **fibers = NULL;
-
-    /* Don't print error line if it is nil. */
-    int wrote_error = janet_checktype(err, JANET_NIL);
+    int wrote_error = !prefix;
 
     int print_color = janet_truthy(janet_dyn("err-color"));
     if (print_color) janet_eprintf("\x1b[31m");
@@ -126,11 +130,10 @@ void janet_stacktrace(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet err) {
             /* Print prelude to stack frame */
             if (!wrote_error) {
                 JanetFiberStatus status = janet_fiber_status(fiber);
-                const char *prefix = status == JANET_STATUS_ERROR ? "" : "status ";
                 janet_eprintf("%s%s: %s\n",
-                              prefix,
+                              prefix ? prefix : "",
                               janet_status_names[status],
-                              errstr);
+                              errstr ? errstr : janet_status_names[status]);
                 wrote_error = 1;
             }
 
@@ -161,7 +164,7 @@ void janet_stacktrace(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet err) {
                 }
             }
             if (frame->flags & JANET_STACKFRAME_TAILCALL)
-                janet_eprintf(" (tailcall)");
+                janet_eprintf(" (tail call)");
             if (frame->func && frame->pc) {
                 int32_t off = (int32_t)(frame->pc - def->bytecode);
                 if (def->sourcemap) {
@@ -177,6 +180,11 @@ void janet_stacktrace(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet err) {
                 }
             }
             janet_eprintf("\n");
+            /* Print fiber points optionally. Clutters traces but provides info
+            if (i <= 0 && fi > 0) {
+                janet_eprintf("  in parent fiber\n");
+            }
+            */
         }
     }
 
@@ -311,6 +319,7 @@ static Janet doframe(JanetStackFrame *frame) {
     if (frame->func && frame->pc) {
         Janet *stack = (Janet *)frame + JANET_FRAME_SIZE;
         JanetArray *slots;
+        janet_assert(def != NULL, "def != NULL");
         off = (int32_t)(frame->pc - def->bytecode);
         janet_table_put(t, janet_ckeywordv("pc"), janet_wrap_integer(off));
         if (def->sourcemap) {
@@ -326,6 +335,27 @@ static Janet doframe(JanetStackFrame *frame) {
         safe_memcpy(slots->data, stack, sizeof(Janet) * def->slotcount);
         slots->count = def->slotcount;
         janet_table_put(t, janet_ckeywordv("slots"), janet_wrap_array(slots));
+        /* Add local bindings */
+        if (def->symbolmap) {
+            JanetTable *local_bindings = janet_table(0);
+            for (int32_t i = def->symbolmap_length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                JanetSymbolMap jsm = def->symbolmap[i];
+                Janet value = janet_wrap_nil();
+                uint32_t pc = (uint32_t)(frame->pc - def->bytecode);
+                if (jsm.birth_pc == UINT32_MAX) {
+                    JanetFuncEnv *env = frame->func->envs[jsm.death_pc];
+                    if (env->offset > 0) {
+                        value = env->as.fiber->data[env->offset + jsm.slot_index];
+                    } else {
+                        value = env->as.values[jsm.slot_index];
+                    }
+                } else if (pc >= jsm.birth_pc && pc < jsm.death_pc) {
+                    value = stack[jsm.slot_index];
+                }
+                janet_table_put(local_bindings, janet_wrap_symbol(jsm.symbol), value);
+            }
+            janet_table_put(t, janet_ckeywordv("locals"), janet_wrap_table(local_bindings));
+        }
     }
     return janet_wrap_table(t);
 }
@@ -337,9 +367,9 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_debug_stack,
               "stack frame is the first table in the array, and the bottom-most stack frame "
               "is the last value. Each stack frame contains some of the following attributes:\n\n"
               "* :c - true if the stack frame is a c function invocation\n\n"
-              "* :column - the current source column of the stack frame\n\n"
+              "* :source-column - the current source column of the stack frame\n\n"
               "* :function - the function that the stack frame represents\n\n"
-              "* :line - the current source line of the stack frame\n\n"
+              "* :source-line - the current source line of the stack frame\n\n"
               "* :name - the human-friendly name of the function\n\n"
               "* :pc - integer indicating the location of the program counter\n\n"
               "* :source - string with the file path or other identifier for the source code\n\n"
@@ -361,14 +391,15 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_debug_stack,
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_debug_stacktrace,
-              "(debug/stacktrace fiber &opt err)",
+              "(debug/stacktrace fiber &opt err prefix)",
               "Prints a nice looking stacktrace for a fiber. Can optionally provide "
-              "an error value to print the stack trace with. If `err` is nil or not "
+              "an error value to print the stack trace with. If `prefix` is nil or not "
               "provided, will skip the error line. Returns the fiber.") {
-    janet_arity(argc, 1, 2);
+    janet_arity(argc, 1, 3);
     JanetFiber *fiber = janet_getfiber(argv, 0);
     Janet x = argc == 1 ? janet_wrap_nil() : argv[1];
-    janet_stacktrace(fiber, x);
+    const char *prefix = janet_optcstring(argv, argc, 2, NULL);
+    janet_stacktrace_ext(fiber, x, prefix);
     return argv[0];
 }
 

src/core/emit.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "emit.h"
 #include "vector.h"
 #include "regalloc.h"
+#include "util.h"
 #endif
 
 /* Get a register */
@@ -128,7 +129,8 @@ static void janetc_movenear(JanetCompiler *c,
                     ((uint32_t)(src.envindex) << 16) |
                     ((uint32_t)(dest) << 8) |
                     JOP_LOAD_UPVALUE);
-    } else if (src.index > 0xFF || src.index != dest) {
+    } else if (src.index != dest) {
+        janet_assert(src.index >= 0, "bad slot");
         janetc_emit(c,
                     ((uint32_t)(src.index) << 16) |
                     ((uint32_t)(dest) << 8) |
@@ -155,6 +157,7 @@ static void janetc_moveback(JanetCompiler *c,
                     ((uint32_t)(src) << 8) |
                     JOP_SET_UPVALUE);
     } else if (dest.index != src) {
+        janet_assert(dest.index >= 0, "bad slot");
         janetc_emit(c,
                     ((uint32_t)(dest.index) << 16) |
                     ((uint32_t)(src) << 8) |

src/core/emit.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/core/features.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -26,9 +26,10 @@
 #define JANET_FEATURES_H_defined
 
 #if defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) \
-    || defined(__bsdi__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
+    || defined(__bsdi__) || defined(__DragonFly__) || defined(__FreeBSD__)
 /* Use BSD source on any BSD systems, include OSX */
 # define _BSD_SOURCE
+# define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L
 #else
 /* Use POSIX feature flags */
 # ifndef _POSIX_C_SOURCE
@@ -36,13 +37,31 @@
 # endif
 #endif
 
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+#define _DARWIN_C_SOURCE
+#endif
+
+/* Needed for sched.h for cpu count */
+#ifdef __linux__
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#endif
+
 #if defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
 #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
 #endif
 
-/* Needed for realpath on linux */
-#if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) && (defined(__linux__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__))
-#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500
+/* needed for inet_pton and InitializeSRWLock */
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+#define _WIN32_WINNT _WIN32_WINNT_VISTA
+#endif
+
+/* Needed for realpath on linux, as well as pthread rwlocks. */
+#ifndef _XOPEN_SOURCE
+#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
+#endif
+#if _XOPEN_SOURCE < 600
+#undef _XOPEN_SOURCE
+#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
 #endif
 
 /* Needed for timegm and other extensions when building with -std=c99.
@@ -52,4 +71,11 @@
 #define _NETBSD_SOURCE
 #endif
 
+/* Needed for several things when building with -std=c99. */
+#if !__BSD_VISIBLE && (defined(__DragonFly__) || defined(__FreeBSD__))
+#define __BSD_VISIBLE 1
+#endif
+
+#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
+
 #endif

src/core/fiber.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -39,8 +39,10 @@ static void fiber_reset(JanetFiber *fiber) {
     fiber->env = NULL;
     fiber->last_value = janet_wrap_nil();
 #ifdef JANET_EV
-    fiber->waiting = NULL;
     fiber->sched_id = 0;
+    fiber->ev_callback = NULL;
+    fiber->ev_state = NULL;
+    fiber->ev_stream = NULL;
     fiber->supervisor_channel = NULL;
 #endif
     janet_fiber_set_status(fiber, JANET_STATUS_NEW);
@@ -81,10 +83,10 @@ JanetFiber *janet_fiber_reset(JanetFiber *fiber, JanetFunction *callee, int32_t
         }
         fiber->stacktop = newstacktop;
     }
+    /* Don't panic on failure since we use this to implement janet_pcall */
     if (janet_fiber_funcframe(fiber, callee)) return NULL;
     janet_fiber_frame(fiber)->flags |= JANET_STACKFRAME_ENTRANCE;
 #ifdef JANET_EV
-    fiber->waiting = NULL;
     fiber->supervisor_channel = NULL;
 #endif
     return fiber;
@@ -237,8 +239,8 @@ int janet_fiber_funcframe(JanetFiber *fiber, JanetFunction *func) {
                                          fiber->data + tuplehead,
                                          oldtop - tuplehead)
                                      : janet_wrap_tuple(janet_tuple_n(
-                                                 fiber->data + tuplehead,
-                                                 oldtop - tuplehead));
+                                             fiber->data + tuplehead,
+                                             oldtop - tuplehead));
         }
     }
 
@@ -368,8 +370,8 @@ int janet_fiber_funcframe_tail(JanetFiber *fiber, JanetFunction *func) {
                                          fiber->data + tuplehead,
                                          fiber->stacktop - tuplehead)
                                      : janet_wrap_tuple(janet_tuple_n(
-                                                 fiber->data + tuplehead,
-                                                 fiber->stacktop - tuplehead));
+                                             fiber->data + tuplehead,
+                                             fiber->stacktop - tuplehead));
         }
         stacksize = tuplehead - fiber->stackstart + 1;
     } else {
@@ -477,10 +479,10 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_fiber_setenv,
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_fiber_new,
-              "(fiber/new func &opt sigmask)",
+              "(fiber/new func &opt sigmask env)",
               "Create a new fiber with function body func. Can optionally "
-              "take a set of signals to block from the current parent fiber "
-              "when called. The mask is specified as a keyword where each character "
+              "take a set of signals `sigmask` to capture from child fibers, "
+              "and an environment table `env`. The mask is specified as a keyword where each character "
               "is used to indicate a signal to block. If the ev module is enabled, and "
               "this fiber is used as an argument to `ev/go`, these \"blocked\" signals "
               "will result in messages being sent to the supervisor channel. "
@@ -495,19 +497,25 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_fiber_new,
               "* :t - block termination signals: error + user[0-4]\n"
               "* :u - block user signals\n"
               "* :y - block yield signals\n"
+              "* :w - block await signals (user9)\n"
+              "* :r - block interrupt signals (user8)\n"
               "* :0-9 - block a specific user signal\n\n"
               "The sigmask argument also can take environment flags. If any mutually "
               "exclusive flags are present, the last flag takes precedence.\n\n"
               "* :i - inherit the environment from the current fiber\n"
               "* :p - the environment table's prototype is the current environment table") {
-    janet_arity(argc, 1, 2);
+    janet_arity(argc, 1, 3);
     JanetFunction *func = janet_getfunction(argv, 0);
     JanetFiber *fiber;
     if (func->def->min_arity > 1) {
         janet_panicf("fiber function must accept 0 or 1 arguments");
     }
     fiber = janet_fiber(func, 64, func->def->min_arity, NULL);
-    if (argc == 2) {
+    janet_assert(fiber != NULL, "bad fiber arity check");
+    if (argc == 3 && !janet_checktype(argv[2], JANET_NIL)) {
+        fiber->env = janet_gettable(argv, 2);
+    }
+    if (argc >= 2) {
         int32_t i;
         JanetByteView view = janet_getbytes(argv, 1);
         fiber->flags = JANET_FIBER_RESUME_NO_USEVAL | JANET_FIBER_RESUME_NO_SKIP;
@@ -518,7 +526,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_fiber_new,
             } else {
                 switch (view.bytes[i]) {
                     default:
-                        janet_panicf("invalid flag %c, expected a, t, d, e, u, y, i, or p", view.bytes[i]);
+                        janet_panicf("invalid flag %c, expected a, t, d, e, u, y, w, r, i, or p", view.bytes[i]);
                         break;
                     case 'a':
                         fiber->flags |=
@@ -548,6 +556,12 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_fiber_new,
                     case 'y':
                         fiber->flags |= JANET_FIBER_MASK_YIELD;
                         break;
+                    case 'w':
+                        fiber->flags |= JANET_FIBER_MASK_USER9;
+                        break;
+                    case 'r':
+                        fiber->flags |= JANET_FIBER_MASK_USER8;
+                        break;
                     case 'i':
                         if (!janet_vm.fiber->env) {
                             janet_vm.fiber->env = janet_table(0);
@@ -575,7 +589,9 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_fiber_status,
               "* :error - the fiber has errored out\n"
               "* :debug - the fiber is suspended in debug mode\n"
               "* :pending - the fiber has been yielded\n"
-              "* :user(0-9) - the fiber is suspended by a user signal\n"
+              "* :user(0-7) - the fiber is suspended by a user signal\n"
+              "* :interrupted - the fiber was interrupted\n"
+              "* :suspended - the fiber is waiting to be resumed by the scheduler\n"
               "* :alive - the fiber is currently running and cannot be resumed\n"
               "* :new - the fiber has just been created and not yet run") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
@@ -625,11 +641,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_fiber_setmaxstack,
     return argv[0];
 }
 
-JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_fiber_can_resume,
-              "(fiber/can-resume? fiber)",
-              "Check if a fiber is finished and cannot be resumed.") {
-    janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
-    JanetFiber *fiber = janet_getfiber(argv, 0);
+int janet_fiber_can_resume(JanetFiber *fiber) {
     JanetFiberStatus s = janet_fiber_status(fiber);
     int isFinished = s == JANET_STATUS_DEAD ||
                      s == JANET_STATUS_ERROR ||
@@ -638,11 +650,19 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_fiber_can_resume,
                      s == JANET_STATUS_USER2 ||
                      s == JANET_STATUS_USER3 ||
                      s == JANET_STATUS_USER4;
-    return janet_wrap_boolean(!isFinished);
+    return !isFinished;
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_fiber_can_resume,
+              "(fiber/can-resume? fiber)",
+              "Check if a fiber is finished and cannot be resumed.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
+    JanetFiber *fiber = janet_getfiber(argv, 0);
+    return janet_wrap_boolean(janet_fiber_can_resume(fiber));
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_fiber_last_value,
-              "(fiber/last-value)",
+              "(fiber/last-value fiber)",
               "Get the last value returned or signaled from the fiber.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     JanetFiber *fiber = janet_getfiber(argv, 0);

src/core/fiber.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -56,6 +56,13 @@
 #define JANET_FIBER_DID_LONGJUMP     0x8000000
 #define JANET_FIBER_FLAG_MASK        0xF000000
 
+#define JANET_FIBER_EV_FLAG_CANCELED 0x10000
+#define JANET_FIBER_EV_FLAG_SUSPENDED 0x20000
+#define JANET_FIBER_FLAG_ROOT 0x40000
+#define JANET_FIBER_EV_FLAG_IN_FLIGHT 0x1
+
+/* used only on windows, should otherwise be unset */
+
 #define janet_fiber_set_status(f, s) do {\
     (f)->flags &= ~JANET_FIBER_STATUS_MASK;\
     (f)->flags |= (s) << JANET_FIBER_STATUS_OFFSET;\

src/core/filewatch.c

@@ -0,0 +1,688 @@
+/*
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
+*
+* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+* deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+* rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+* sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+*
+* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+*
+* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+* FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+* IN THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#ifndef JANET_AMALG
+#include "features.h"
+#include <janet.h>
+#include "util.h"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef JANET_EV
+#ifdef JANET_FILEWATCH
+
+#ifdef JANET_LINUX
+#include <sys/inotify.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+#include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
+typedef struct {
+    const char *name;
+    uint32_t flag;
+} JanetWatchFlagName;
+
+typedef struct {
+#ifndef JANET_WINDOWS
+    JanetStream *stream;
+#endif
+    JanetTable *watch_descriptors;
+    JanetChannel *channel;
+    uint32_t default_flags;
+    int is_watching;
+} JanetWatcher;
+
+#ifdef JANET_LINUX
+
+#include <sys/inotify.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+static const JanetWatchFlagName watcher_flags_linux[] = {
+    {"access", IN_ACCESS},
+    {"all", IN_ALL_EVENTS},
+    {"attrib", IN_ATTRIB},
+    {"close-nowrite", IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE},
+    {"close-write", IN_CLOSE_WRITE},
+    {"create", IN_CREATE},
+    {"delete", IN_DELETE},
+    {"delete-self", IN_DELETE_SELF},
+    {"ignored", IN_IGNORED},
+    {"modify", IN_MODIFY},
+    {"move-self", IN_MOVE_SELF},
+    {"moved-from", IN_MOVED_FROM},
+    {"moved-to", IN_MOVED_TO},
+    {"open", IN_OPEN},
+    {"q-overflow", IN_Q_OVERFLOW},
+    {"unmount", IN_UNMOUNT},
+};
+
+static uint32_t decode_watch_flags(const Janet *options, int32_t n) {
+    uint32_t flags = 0;
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        if (!(janet_checktype(options[i], JANET_KEYWORD))) {
+            janet_panicf("expected keyword, got %v", options[i]);
+        }
+        JanetKeyword keyw = janet_unwrap_keyword(options[i]);
+        const JanetWatchFlagName *result = janet_strbinsearch(watcher_flags_linux,
+                                           sizeof(watcher_flags_linux) / sizeof(JanetWatchFlagName),
+                                           sizeof(JanetWatchFlagName),
+                                           keyw);
+        if (!result) {
+            janet_panicf("unknown inotify flag %v", options[i]);
+        }
+        flags |= result->flag;
+    }
+    return flags;
+}
+
+static void janet_watcher_init(JanetWatcher *watcher, JanetChannel *channel, uint32_t default_flags) {
+    int fd;
+    do {
+        fd = inotify_init1(IN_NONBLOCK | IN_CLOEXEC);
+    } while (fd == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+    if (fd == -1) {
+        janet_panicv(janet_ev_lasterr());
+    }
+    watcher->watch_descriptors = janet_table(0);
+    watcher->channel = channel;
+    watcher->default_flags = default_flags;
+    watcher->is_watching = 0;
+    watcher->stream = janet_stream(fd, JANET_STREAM_READABLE, NULL);
+}
+
+static void janet_watcher_add(JanetWatcher *watcher, const char *path, uint32_t flags) {
+    if (watcher->stream == NULL) janet_panic("watcher closed");
+    int result;
+    do {
+        result = inotify_add_watch(watcher->stream->handle, path, flags);
+    } while (result == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+    if (result == -1) {
+        janet_panicv(janet_ev_lasterr());
+    }
+    Janet name = janet_cstringv(path);
+    Janet wd = janet_wrap_integer(result);
+    janet_table_put(watcher->watch_descriptors, name, wd);
+    janet_table_put(watcher->watch_descriptors, wd, name);
+}
+
+static void janet_watcher_remove(JanetWatcher *watcher, const char *path) {
+    if (watcher->stream == NULL) janet_panic("watcher closed");
+    Janet check = janet_table_get(watcher->watch_descriptors, janet_cstringv(path));
+    janet_assert(janet_checktype(check, JANET_NUMBER), "bad watch descriptor");
+    int watch_handle = janet_unwrap_integer(check);
+    int result;
+    do {
+        result = inotify_rm_watch(watcher->stream->handle, watch_handle);
+    } while (result != -1 && errno == EINTR);
+    if (result == -1) {
+        janet_panicv(janet_ev_lasterr());
+    }
+}
+
+static void watcher_callback_read(JanetFiber *fiber, JanetAsyncEvent event) {
+    JanetStream *stream = fiber->ev_stream;
+    JanetWatcher *watcher = *((JanetWatcher **) fiber->ev_state);
+    char buf[1024];
+    switch (event) {
+        default:
+            break;
+        case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_MARK:
+            janet_mark(janet_wrap_abstract(watcher));
+            break;
+        case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_CLOSE:
+            janet_schedule(fiber, janet_wrap_nil());
+            janet_async_end(fiber);
+            break;
+        case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_ERR: {
+            janet_schedule(fiber, janet_wrap_nil());
+            janet_async_end(fiber);
+            break;
+        }
+    read_more:
+        case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_HUP:
+        case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_INIT:
+        case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_READ: {
+            Janet name = janet_wrap_nil();
+
+            /* Assumption - read will never return partial events *
+             * From documentation:
+             *
+             * The behavior when the buffer given to read(2) is too small to
+             * return information about the next event depends on the kernel
+             * version: before Linux 2.6.21, read(2) returns 0; since Linux
+             * 2.6.21, read(2) fails with the error EINVAL.  Specifying a buffer
+             * of size
+             *
+             *     sizeof(struct inotify_event) + NAME_MAX + 1
+             *
+             * will be sufficient to read at least one event. */
+            ssize_t nread;
+            do {
+                nread = read(stream->handle, buf, sizeof(buf));
+            } while (nread == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+
+            /* Check for errors - special case errors that can just be waited on to fix */
+            if (nread == -1) {
+                if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                janet_cancel(fiber, janet_ev_lasterr());
+                fiber->ev_state = NULL;
+                janet_async_end(fiber);
+                break;
+            }
+            if (nread < (ssize_t) sizeof(struct inotify_event)) break;
+
+            /* Iterate through all events read from the buffer */
+            char *cursor = buf;
+            while (cursor < buf + nread) {
+                struct inotify_event inevent;
+                memcpy(&inevent, cursor, sizeof(inevent));
+                cursor += sizeof(inevent);
+                /* Read path of inevent */
+                if (inevent.len) {
+                    name = janet_cstringv(cursor);
+                    cursor += inevent.len;
+                }
+
+                /* Got an event */
+                Janet path = janet_table_get(watcher->watch_descriptors, janet_wrap_integer(inevent.wd));
+                JanetKV *event = janet_struct_begin(6);
+                janet_struct_put(event, janet_ckeywordv("wd"), janet_wrap_integer(inevent.wd));
+                janet_struct_put(event, janet_ckeywordv("wd-path"), path);
+                if (janet_checktype(name, JANET_NIL)) {
+                    /* We were watching a file directly, so path is the full path. Split into dirname / basename */
+                    JanetString spath = janet_unwrap_string(path);
+                    const uint8_t *cursor = spath + janet_string_length(spath);
+                    const uint8_t *cursor_end = cursor;
+                    while (cursor > spath && cursor[0] != '/') {
+                        cursor--;
+                    }
+                    if (cursor == spath) {
+                        janet_struct_put(event, janet_ckeywordv("dir-name"), path);
+                        janet_struct_put(event, janet_ckeywordv("file-name"), name);
+                    } else {
+                        janet_struct_put(event, janet_ckeywordv("dir-name"), janet_wrap_string(janet_string(spath, (cursor - spath))));
+                        janet_struct_put(event, janet_ckeywordv("file-name"), janet_wrap_string(janet_string(cursor + 1, (cursor_end - cursor - 1))));
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    janet_struct_put(event, janet_ckeywordv("dir-name"), path);
+                    janet_struct_put(event, janet_ckeywordv("file-name"), name);
+                }
+                janet_struct_put(event, janet_ckeywordv("cookie"), janet_wrap_integer(inevent.cookie));
+                Janet etype = janet_ckeywordv("type");
+                const JanetWatchFlagName *wfn_end = watcher_flags_linux + sizeof(watcher_flags_linux) / sizeof(watcher_flags_linux[0]);
+                for (const JanetWatchFlagName *wfn = watcher_flags_linux; wfn < wfn_end; wfn++) {
+                    if ((inevent.mask & wfn->flag) == wfn->flag) janet_struct_put(event, etype, janet_ckeywordv(wfn->name));
+                }
+                Janet eventv = janet_wrap_struct(janet_struct_end(event));
+
+                janet_channel_give(watcher->channel, eventv);
+            }
+
+            /* Read some more if possible */
+            goto read_more;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+static void janet_watcher_listen(JanetWatcher *watcher) {
+    if (watcher->is_watching) janet_panic("already watching");
+    watcher->is_watching = 1;
+    JanetFunction *thunk = janet_thunk_delay(janet_wrap_nil());
+    JanetFiber *fiber = janet_fiber(thunk, 64, 0, NULL);
+    JanetWatcher **state = janet_malloc(sizeof(JanetWatcher *)); /* Gross */
+    *state = watcher;
+    janet_async_start_fiber(fiber, watcher->stream, JANET_ASYNC_LISTEN_READ, watcher_callback_read, state);
+    janet_gcroot(janet_wrap_abstract(watcher));
+}
+
+static void janet_watcher_unlisten(JanetWatcher *watcher) {
+    if (!watcher->is_watching) return;
+    watcher->is_watching = 0;
+    janet_stream_close(watcher->stream);
+    janet_gcunroot(janet_wrap_abstract(watcher));
+}
+
+#elif JANET_WINDOWS
+
+#define WATCHFLAG_RECURSIVE 0x100000u
+
+static const JanetWatchFlagName watcher_flags_windows[] = {
+    {
+        "all",
+        FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_ATTRIBUTES |
+        FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_CREATION |
+        FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_DIR_NAME |
+        FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_FILE_NAME |
+        FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_ACCESS |
+        FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_WRITE |
+        FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_SECURITY |
+        FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_SIZE |
+        WATCHFLAG_RECURSIVE
+    },
+    {"attributes", FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_ATTRIBUTES},
+    {"creation", FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_CREATION},
+    {"dir-name", FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_DIR_NAME},
+    {"file-name", FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_FILE_NAME},
+    {"last-access", FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_ACCESS},
+    {"last-write", FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_WRITE},
+    {"recursive", WATCHFLAG_RECURSIVE},
+    {"security", FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_SECURITY},
+    {"size", FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_SIZE},
+};
+
+static uint32_t decode_watch_flags(const Janet *options, int32_t n) {
+    uint32_t flags = 0;
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        if (!(janet_checktype(options[i], JANET_KEYWORD))) {
+            janet_panicf("expected keyword, got %v", options[i]);
+        }
+        JanetKeyword keyw = janet_unwrap_keyword(options[i]);
+        const JanetWatchFlagName *result = janet_strbinsearch(watcher_flags_windows,
+                                           sizeof(watcher_flags_windows) / sizeof(JanetWatchFlagName),
+                                           sizeof(JanetWatchFlagName),
+                                           keyw);
+        if (!result) {
+            janet_panicf("unknown windows filewatch flag %v", options[i]);
+        }
+        flags |= result->flag;
+    }
+    return flags;
+}
+
+static void janet_watcher_init(JanetWatcher *watcher, JanetChannel *channel, uint32_t default_flags) {
+    watcher->watch_descriptors = janet_table(0);
+    watcher->channel = channel;
+    watcher->default_flags = default_flags;
+    watcher->is_watching = 0;
+}
+
+/* Since the file info padding includes embedded file names, we want to include more space for data.
+ * We also need to handle manually calculating changes if path names are too long, but ideally just avoid
+ * that scenario as much as possible */
+#define FILE_INFO_PADDING (4096 * 4)
+
+typedef struct {
+    OVERLAPPED overlapped;
+    JanetStream *stream;
+    JanetWatcher *watcher;
+    JanetFiber *fiber;
+    JanetString dir_path;
+    uint32_t flags;
+    uint64_t buf[FILE_INFO_PADDING / sizeof(uint64_t)]; /* Ensure alignment */
+} OverlappedWatch;
+
+#define NotifyChange FILE_NOTIFY_INFORMATION
+
+static void read_dir_changes(OverlappedWatch *ow) {
+    BOOL result = ReadDirectoryChangesW(ow->stream->handle,
+                                        (NotifyChange *) ow->buf,
+                                        FILE_INFO_PADDING,
+                                        (ow->flags & WATCHFLAG_RECURSIVE) ? TRUE : FALSE,
+                                        ow->flags & ~WATCHFLAG_RECURSIVE,
+                                        NULL,
+                                        (OVERLAPPED *) ow,
+                                        NULL);
+    if (!result) {
+        janet_panicv(janet_ev_lasterr());
+    }
+}
+
+static const char *watcher_actions_windows[] = {
+    "unknown",
+    "added",
+    "removed",
+    "modified",
+    "renamed-old",
+    "renamed-new",
+};
+
+static void watcher_callback_read(JanetFiber *fiber, JanetAsyncEvent event) {
+    OverlappedWatch *ow = (OverlappedWatch *) fiber->ev_state;
+    JanetWatcher *watcher = ow->watcher;
+    switch (event) {
+        default:
+            break;
+        case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_INIT:
+            janet_async_in_flight(fiber);
+            break;
+        case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_MARK:
+            janet_mark(janet_wrap_abstract(ow->stream));
+            janet_mark(janet_wrap_fiber(ow->fiber));
+            janet_mark(janet_wrap_abstract(watcher));
+            janet_mark(janet_wrap_string(ow->dir_path));
+            break;
+        case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_CLOSE:
+            janet_table_remove(ow->watcher->watch_descriptors, janet_wrap_string(ow->dir_path));
+            break;
+        case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_ERR:
+        case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_FAILED:
+            janet_stream_close(ow->stream);
+            break;
+        case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_COMPLETE: {
+            if (!watcher->is_watching) {
+                janet_stream_close(ow->stream);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            NotifyChange *fni = (NotifyChange *) ow->buf;
+
+            while (1) {
+                /* Got an event */
+
+                /* Extract name */
+                Janet filename;
+                if (fni->FileNameLength) {
+                    int32_t nbytes = (int32_t) WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, fni->FileName, fni->FileNameLength / sizeof(wchar_t), NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+                    janet_assert(nbytes, "bad utf8 path");
+                    uint8_t *into = janet_string_begin(nbytes);
+                    WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, fni->FileName, fni->FileNameLength / sizeof(wchar_t), (char *) into, nbytes, NULL, NULL);
+                    filename = janet_wrap_string(janet_string_end(into));
+                } else {
+                    filename = janet_cstringv("");
+                }
+
+                JanetKV *event = janet_struct_begin(3);
+                janet_struct_put(event, janet_ckeywordv("type"), janet_ckeywordv(watcher_actions_windows[fni->Action]));
+                janet_struct_put(event, janet_ckeywordv("file-name"), filename);
+                janet_struct_put(event, janet_ckeywordv("dir-name"), janet_wrap_string(ow->dir_path));
+                Janet eventv = janet_wrap_struct(janet_struct_end(event));
+
+                janet_channel_give(watcher->channel, eventv);
+
+                /* Next event */
+                if (!fni->NextEntryOffset) break;
+                fni = (NotifyChange *)((char *)fni + fni->NextEntryOffset);
+            }
+
+            /* Make another call to read directory changes */
+            read_dir_changes(ow);
+            janet_async_in_flight(fiber);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+static void start_listening_ow(OverlappedWatch *ow) {
+    read_dir_changes(ow);
+    JanetStream *stream = ow->stream;
+    JanetFunction *thunk = janet_thunk_delay(janet_wrap_nil());
+    JanetFiber *fiber = janet_fiber(thunk, 64, 0, NULL);
+    fiber->supervisor_channel = janet_root_fiber()->supervisor_channel;
+    ow->fiber = fiber;
+    janet_async_start_fiber(fiber, stream, JANET_ASYNC_LISTEN_READ, watcher_callback_read, ow);
+}
+
+static void janet_watcher_add(JanetWatcher *watcher, const char *path, uint32_t flags) {
+    HANDLE handle = CreateFileA(path,
+                                FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY | GENERIC_READ,
+                                FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
+                                NULL,
+                                OPEN_EXISTING,
+                                FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED | FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS,
+                                NULL);
+    if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+        janet_panicv(janet_ev_lasterr());
+    }
+    JanetStream *stream = janet_stream(handle, JANET_STREAM_READABLE, NULL);
+    OverlappedWatch *ow = janet_malloc(sizeof(OverlappedWatch));
+    memset(ow, 0, sizeof(OverlappedWatch));
+    ow->stream = stream;
+    ow->dir_path = janet_cstring(path);
+    ow->fiber = NULL;
+    Janet pathv = janet_wrap_string(ow->dir_path);
+    ow->flags = flags | watcher->default_flags;
+    ow->watcher = watcher;
+    ow->overlapped.hEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, 0, NULL); /* Do we need this */
+    Janet streamv = janet_wrap_pointer(ow);
+    janet_table_put(watcher->watch_descriptors, pathv, streamv);
+    if (watcher->is_watching) {
+        start_listening_ow(ow);
+    }
+}
+
+static void janet_watcher_remove(JanetWatcher *watcher, const char *path) {
+    Janet pathv = janet_cstringv(path);
+    Janet streamv = janet_table_get(watcher->watch_descriptors, pathv);
+    if (janet_checktype(streamv, JANET_NIL)) {
+        janet_panicf("path %v is not being watched", pathv);
+    }
+    janet_table_remove(watcher->watch_descriptors, pathv);
+    OverlappedWatch *ow = janet_unwrap_pointer(streamv);
+    janet_stream_close(ow->stream);
+}
+
+static void janet_watcher_listen(JanetWatcher *watcher) {
+    if (watcher->is_watching) janet_panic("already watching");
+    watcher->is_watching = 1;
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < watcher->watch_descriptors->capacity; i++) {
+        const JanetKV *kv = watcher->watch_descriptors->data + i;
+        if (!janet_checktype(kv->value, JANET_POINTER)) continue;
+        OverlappedWatch *ow = janet_unwrap_pointer(kv->value);
+        start_listening_ow(ow);
+    }
+    janet_gcroot(janet_wrap_abstract(watcher));
+}
+
+static void janet_watcher_unlisten(JanetWatcher *watcher) {
+    if (!watcher->is_watching) return;
+    watcher->is_watching = 0;
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < watcher->watch_descriptors->capacity; i++) {
+        const JanetKV *kv = watcher->watch_descriptors->data + i;
+        if (!janet_checktype(kv->value, JANET_POINTER)) continue;
+        OverlappedWatch *ow = janet_unwrap_pointer(kv->value);
+        janet_stream_close(ow->stream);
+    }
+    janet_table_clear(watcher->watch_descriptors);
+    janet_gcunroot(janet_wrap_abstract(watcher));
+}
+
+#else
+
+/* Default implementation */
+
+static uint32_t decode_watch_flags(const Janet *options, int32_t n) {
+    (void) options;
+    (void) n;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void janet_watcher_init(JanetWatcher *watcher, JanetChannel *channel, uint32_t default_flags) {
+    (void) watcher;
+    (void) channel;
+    (void) default_flags;
+    janet_panic("filewatch not supported on this platform");
+}
+
+static void janet_watcher_add(JanetWatcher *watcher, const char *path, uint32_t flags) {
+    (void) watcher;
+    (void) flags;
+    (void) path;
+    janet_panic("nyi");
+}
+
+static void janet_watcher_remove(JanetWatcher *watcher, const char *path) {
+    (void) watcher;
+    (void) path;
+    janet_panic("nyi");
+}
+
+static void janet_watcher_listen(JanetWatcher *watcher) {
+    (void) watcher;
+    janet_panic("nyi");
+}
+
+static void janet_watcher_unlisten(JanetWatcher *watcher) {
+    (void) watcher;
+    janet_panic("nyi");
+}
+
+#endif
+
+/* C Functions */
+
+static int janet_filewatch_mark(void *p, size_t s) {
+    JanetWatcher *watcher = (JanetWatcher *) p;
+    (void) s;
+    if (watcher->channel == NULL) return 0; /* Incomplete initialization */
+#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < watcher->watch_descriptors->capacity; i++) {
+        const JanetKV *kv = watcher->watch_descriptors->data + i;
+        if (!janet_checktype(kv->value, JANET_POINTER)) continue;
+        OverlappedWatch *ow = janet_unwrap_pointer(kv->value);
+        janet_mark(janet_wrap_fiber(ow->fiber));
+        janet_mark(janet_wrap_abstract(ow->stream));
+        janet_mark(janet_wrap_string(ow->dir_path));
+    }
+#else
+    janet_mark(janet_wrap_abstract(watcher->stream));
+#endif
+    janet_mark(janet_wrap_abstract(watcher->channel));
+    janet_mark(janet_wrap_table(watcher->watch_descriptors));
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static const JanetAbstractType janet_filewatch_at = {
+    "filewatch/watcher",
+    NULL,
+    janet_filewatch_mark,
+    JANET_ATEND_GCMARK
+};
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_filewatch_make,
+              "(filewatch/new channel &opt default-flags)",
+              "Create a new filewatcher that will give events to a channel channel. See `filewatch/add` for available flags.\n\n"
+              "When an event is triggered by the filewatcher, a struct containing information will be given to channel as with `ev/give`. "
+              "The contents of the channel depend on the OS, but will contain some common keys:\n\n"
+              "* `:type` -- the type of the event that was raised.\n\n"
+              "* `:file-name` -- the base file name of the file that triggered the event.\n\n"
+              "* `:dir-name` -- the directory name of the file that triggered the event.\n\n"
+              "Events also will contain keys specific to the host OS.\n\n"
+              "Windows has no extra properties on events.\n\n"
+              "Linux has the following extra properties on events:\n\n"
+              "* `:wd` -- the integer key returned by `filewatch/add` for the path that triggered this.\n\n"
+              "* `:wd-path` -- the string path for watched directory of file. For files, will be the same as `:file-name`, and for directories, will be the same as `:dir-name`.\n\n"
+              "* `:cookie` -- a randomized integer used to associate related events, such as :moved-from and :moved-to events.\n\n"
+              "") {
+    janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_FS_READ);
+    janet_arity(argc, 1, -1);
+    JanetChannel *channel = janet_getchannel(argv, 0);
+    JanetWatcher *watcher = janet_abstract(&janet_filewatch_at, sizeof(JanetWatcher));
+    uint32_t default_flags = decode_watch_flags(argv + 1, argc - 1);
+    janet_watcher_init(watcher, channel, default_flags);
+    return janet_wrap_abstract(watcher);
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_filewatch_add,
+              "(filewatch/add watcher path &opt flags)",
+              "Add a path to the watcher. Available flags depend on the current OS, and are as follows:\n\n"
+              "Windows/MINGW (flags correspond to FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_* flags in win32 documentation):\n\n"
+              "* `:all` - trigger an event for all of the below triggers.\n\n"
+              "* `:attributes` - FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_ATTRIBUTES\n\n"
+              "* `:creation` - FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_CREATION\n\n"
+              "* `:dir-name` - FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_DIR_NAME\n\n"
+              "* `:last-access` - FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_ACCESS\n\n"
+              "* `:last-write` - FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_WRITE\n\n"
+              "* `:security` - FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_SECURITY\n\n"
+              "* `:size` - FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_SIZE\n\n"
+              "* `:recursive` - watch subdirectories recursively\n\n"
+              "Linux (flags correspond to IN_* flags from <sys/inotify.h>):\n\n"
+              "* `:access` - IN_ACCESS\n\n"
+              "* `:all` - IN_ALL_EVENTS\n\n"
+              "* `:attrib` - IN_ATTRIB\n\n"
+              "* `:close-nowrite` - IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE\n\n"
+              "* `:close-write` - IN_CLOSE_WRITE\n\n"
+              "* `:create` - IN_CREATE\n\n"
+              "* `:delete` - IN_DELETE\n\n"
+              "* `:delete-self` - IN_DELETE_SELF\n\n"
+              "* `:ignored` - IN_IGNORED\n\n"
+              "* `:modify` - IN_MODIFY\n\n"
+              "* `:move-self` - IN_MOVE_SELF\n\n"
+              "* `:moved-from` - IN_MOVED_FROM\n\n"
+              "* `:moved-to` - IN_MOVED_TO\n\n"
+              "* `:open` - IN_OPEN\n\n"
+              "* `:q-overflow` - IN_Q_OVERFLOW\n\n"
+              "* `:unmount` - IN_UNMOUNT\n\n\n"
+              "On Windows, events will have the following possible types:\n\n"
+              "* `:unknown`\n\n"
+              "* `:added`\n\n"
+              "* `:removed`\n\n"
+              "* `:modified`\n\n"
+              "* `:renamed-old`\n\n"
+              "* `:renamed-new`\n\n"
+              "On Linux, events will a `:type` corresponding to the possible flags, excluding `:all`.\n"
+              "") {
+    janet_arity(argc, 2, -1);
+    JanetWatcher *watcher = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_filewatch_at);
+    const char *path = janet_getcstring(argv, 1);
+    uint32_t flags = watcher->default_flags | decode_watch_flags(argv + 2, argc - 2);
+    janet_watcher_add(watcher, path, flags);
+    return argv[0];
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_filewatch_remove,
+              "(filewatch/remove watcher path)",
+              "Remove a path from the watcher.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 2);
+    JanetWatcher *watcher = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_filewatch_at);
+    const char *path = janet_getcstring(argv, 1);
+    janet_watcher_remove(watcher, path);
+    return argv[0];
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_filewatch_listen,
+              "(filewatch/listen watcher)",
+              "Listen for changes in the watcher.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
+    JanetWatcher *watcher = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_filewatch_at);
+    janet_watcher_listen(watcher);
+    return janet_wrap_nil();
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_filewatch_unlisten,
+              "(filewatch/unlisten watcher)",
+              "Stop listening for changes on a given watcher.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
+    JanetWatcher *watcher = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_filewatch_at);
+    janet_watcher_unlisten(watcher);
+    return janet_wrap_nil();
+}
+
+/* Module entry point */
+void janet_lib_filewatch(JanetTable *env) {
+    JanetRegExt cfuns[] = {
+        JANET_CORE_REG("filewatch/new", cfun_filewatch_make),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("filewatch/add", cfun_filewatch_add),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("filewatch/remove", cfun_filewatch_remove),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("filewatch/listen", cfun_filewatch_listen),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("filewatch/unlisten", cfun_filewatch_unlisten),
+        JANET_REG_END
+    };
+    janet_core_cfuns_ext(env, NULL, cfuns);
+}
+
+#endif
+#endif

src/core/gc.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -132,6 +132,24 @@ static void janet_mark_many(const Janet *values, int32_t n) {
     }
 }
 
+/* Mark a bunch of key values items in memory */
+static void janet_mark_keys(const JanetKV *kvs, int32_t n) {
+    const JanetKV *end = kvs + n;
+    while (kvs < end) {
+        janet_mark(kvs->key);
+        kvs++;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Mark a bunch of key values items in memory */
+static void janet_mark_values(const JanetKV *kvs, int32_t n) {
+    const JanetKV *end = kvs + n;
+    while (kvs < end) {
+        janet_mark(kvs->value);
+        kvs++;
+    }
+}
+
 /* Mark a bunch of key values items in memory */
 static void janet_mark_kvs(const JanetKV *kvs, int32_t n) {
     const JanetKV *end = kvs + n;
@@ -146,7 +164,9 @@ static void janet_mark_array(JanetArray *array) {
     if (janet_gc_reachable(array))
         return;
     janet_gc_mark(array);
-    janet_mark_many(array->data, array->count);
+    if (janet_gc_type((JanetGCObject *) array) == JANET_MEMORY_ARRAY) {
+        janet_mark_many(array->data, array->count);
+    }
 }
 
 static void janet_mark_table(JanetTable *table) {
@@ -154,7 +174,15 @@ recur: /* Manual tail recursion */
     if (janet_gc_reachable(table))
         return;
     janet_gc_mark(table);
-    janet_mark_kvs(table->data, table->capacity);
+    enum JanetMemoryType memtype = janet_gc_type(table);
+    if (memtype == JANET_MEMORY_TABLE_WEAKK) {
+        janet_mark_values(table->data, table->capacity);
+    } else if (memtype == JANET_MEMORY_TABLE_WEAKV) {
+        janet_mark_keys(table->data, table->capacity);
+    } else if (memtype == JANET_MEMORY_TABLE) {
+        janet_mark_kvs(table->data, table->capacity);
+    }
+    /* do nothing for JANET_MEMORY_TABLE_WEAKKV */
     if (table->proto) {
         table = table->proto;
         goto recur;
@@ -162,10 +190,13 @@ recur: /* Manual tail recursion */
 }
 
 static void janet_mark_struct(const JanetKV *st) {
+recur:
     if (janet_gc_reachable(janet_struct_head(st)))
         return;
     janet_gc_mark(janet_struct_head(st));
     janet_mark_kvs(st, janet_struct_capacity(st));
+    st = janet_struct_proto(st);
+    if (st) goto recur;
 }
 
 static void janet_mark_tuple(const Janet *tuple) {
@@ -206,6 +237,12 @@ static void janet_mark_funcdef(JanetFuncDef *def) {
         janet_mark_string(def->source);
     if (def->name)
         janet_mark_string(def->name);
+    if (def->symbolmap) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < def->symbolmap_length; i++) {
+            janet_mark_string(def->symbolmap[i].symbol);
+        }
+    }
+
 }
 
 static void janet_mark_function(JanetFunction *func) {
@@ -259,6 +296,12 @@ recur:
     if (fiber->supervisor_channel) {
         janet_mark_abstract(fiber->supervisor_channel);
     }
+    if (fiber->ev_stream) {
+        janet_mark_abstract(fiber->ev_stream);
+    }
+    if (fiber->ev_callback) {
+        fiber->ev_callback(fiber, JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_MARK);
+    }
 #endif
 
     /* Explicit tail recursion */
@@ -278,14 +321,26 @@ static void janet_deinit_block(JanetGCObject *mem) {
             janet_symbol_deinit(((JanetStringHead *) mem)->data);
             break;
         case JANET_MEMORY_ARRAY:
+        case JANET_MEMORY_ARRAY_WEAK:
             janet_free(((JanetArray *) mem)->data);
             break;
         case JANET_MEMORY_TABLE:
+        case JANET_MEMORY_TABLE_WEAKK:
+        case JANET_MEMORY_TABLE_WEAKV:
+        case JANET_MEMORY_TABLE_WEAKKV:
             janet_free(((JanetTable *) mem)->data);
             break;
-        case JANET_MEMORY_FIBER:
-            janet_free(((JanetFiber *)mem)->data);
-            break;
+        case JANET_MEMORY_FIBER: {
+            JanetFiber *f = (JanetFiber *)mem;
+#ifdef JANET_EV
+            if (f->ev_state && !(f->flags & JANET_FIBER_EV_FLAG_IN_FLIGHT)) {
+                janet_ev_dec_refcount();
+                janet_free(f->ev_state);
+            }
+#endif
+            janet_free(f->data);
+        }
+        break;
         case JANET_MEMORY_BUFFER:
             janet_buffer_deinit((JanetBuffer *) mem);
             break;
@@ -311,19 +366,85 @@ static void janet_deinit_block(JanetGCObject *mem) {
             janet_free(def->bytecode);
             janet_free(def->sourcemap);
             janet_free(def->closure_bitset);
+            janet_free(def->symbolmap);
         }
         break;
     }
 }
 
+/* Check that a value x has been visited in the mark phase */
+static int janet_check_liveref(Janet x) {
+    switch (janet_type(x)) {
+        default:
+            return 1;
+        case JANET_ARRAY:
+        case JANET_TABLE:
+        case JANET_FUNCTION:
+        case JANET_BUFFER:
+        case JANET_FIBER:
+            return janet_gc_reachable(janet_unwrap_pointer(x));
+        case JANET_STRING:
+        case JANET_SYMBOL:
+        case JANET_KEYWORD:
+            return janet_gc_reachable(janet_string_head(janet_unwrap_string(x)));
+        case JANET_ABSTRACT:
+            return janet_gc_reachable(janet_abstract_head(janet_unwrap_abstract(x)));
+        case JANET_TUPLE:
+            return janet_gc_reachable(janet_tuple_head(janet_unwrap_tuple(x)));
+        case JANET_STRUCT:
+            return janet_gc_reachable(janet_struct_head(janet_unwrap_struct(x)));
+    }
+}
+
 /* Iterate over all allocated memory, and free memory that is not
  * marked as reachable. Flip the gc color flag for next sweep. */
 void janet_sweep() {
     JanetGCObject *previous = NULL;
-    JanetGCObject *current = janet_vm.blocks;
+    JanetGCObject *current = janet_vm.weak_blocks;
     JanetGCObject *next;
+
+    /* Sweep weak heap to drop weak refs */
     while (NULL != current) {
-        next = current->next;
+        next = current->data.next;
+        if (current->flags & (JANET_MEM_REACHABLE | JANET_MEM_DISABLED)) {
+            /* Check for dead references */
+            enum JanetMemoryType type = janet_gc_type(current);
+            if (type == JANET_MEMORY_ARRAY_WEAK) {
+                JanetArray *array = (JanetArray *) current;
+                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < (uint32_t) array->count; i++) {
+                    if (!janet_check_liveref(array->data[i])) {
+                        array->data[i] = janet_wrap_nil();
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                JanetTable *table = (JanetTable *) current;
+                int check_values = (type == JANET_MEMORY_TABLE_WEAKV) || (type == JANET_MEMORY_TABLE_WEAKKV);
+                int check_keys = (type == JANET_MEMORY_TABLE_WEAKK) || (type == JANET_MEMORY_TABLE_WEAKKV);
+                JanetKV *end = table->data + table->capacity;
+                JanetKV *kvs = table->data;
+                while (kvs < end) {
+                    int drop = 0;
+                    if (check_keys && !janet_check_liveref(kvs->key)) drop = 1;
+                    if (check_values && !janet_check_liveref(kvs->value)) drop = 1;
+                    if (drop) {
+                        /* Inlined from janet_table_remove without search */
+                        table->count--;
+                        table->deleted++;
+                        kvs->key = janet_wrap_nil();
+                        kvs->value = janet_wrap_false();
+                    }
+                    kvs++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        current = next;
+    }
+
+    /* Sweep weak heap to free blocks */
+    previous = NULL;
+    current = janet_vm.weak_blocks;
+    while (NULL != current) {
+        next = current->data.next;
         if (current->flags & (JANET_MEM_REACHABLE | JANET_MEM_DISABLED)) {
             previous = current;
             current->flags &= ~JANET_MEM_REACHABLE;
@@ -331,7 +452,28 @@ void janet_sweep() {
             janet_vm.block_count--;
             janet_deinit_block(current);
             if (NULL != previous) {
-                previous->next = next;
+                previous->data.next = next;
+            } else {
+                janet_vm.weak_blocks = next;
+            }
+            janet_free(current);
+        }
+        current = next;
+    }
+
+    /* Sweep main heap to free blocks */
+    previous = NULL;
+    current = janet_vm.blocks;
+    while (NULL != current) {
+        next = current->data.next;
+        if (current->flags & (JANET_MEM_REACHABLE | JANET_MEM_DISABLED)) {
+            previous = current;
+            current->flags &= ~JANET_MEM_REACHABLE;
+        } else {
+            janet_vm.block_count--;
+            janet_deinit_block(current);
+            if (NULL != previous) {
+                previous->data.next = next;
             } else {
                 janet_vm.blocks = next;
             }
@@ -339,6 +481,7 @@ void janet_sweep() {
         }
         current = next;
     }
+
 #ifdef JANET_EV
     /* Sweep threaded abstract types for references to decrement */
     JanetKV *items = janet_vm.threaded_abstracts.data;
@@ -360,14 +503,15 @@ void janet_sweep() {
                     if (head->type->gc) {
                         janet_assert(!head->type->gc(head->data, head->size), "finalizer failed");
                     }
-                    /* Mark as tombstone in place */
-                    items[i].key = janet_wrap_nil();
-                    items[i].value = janet_wrap_false();
-                    janet_vm.threaded_abstracts.deleted++;
-                    janet_vm.threaded_abstracts.count--;
                     /* Free memory */
                     janet_free(janet_abstract_head(abst));
                 }
+
+                /* Mark as tombstone in place */
+                items[i].key = janet_wrap_nil();
+                items[i].value = janet_wrap_false();
+                janet_vm.threaded_abstracts.deleted++;
+                janet_vm.threaded_abstracts.count--;
             }
 
             /* Reset for next sweep */
@@ -395,8 +539,15 @@ void *janet_gcalloc(enum JanetMemoryType type, size_t size) {
 
     /* Prepend block to heap list */
     janet_vm.next_collection += size;
-    mem->next = janet_vm.blocks;
-    janet_vm.blocks = mem;
+    if (type < JANET_MEMORY_TABLE_WEAKK) {
+        /* normal heap */
+        mem->data.next = janet_vm.blocks;
+        janet_vm.blocks = mem;
+    } else {
+        /* weak heap */
+        mem->data.next = janet_vm.weak_blocks;
+        janet_vm.weak_blocks = mem;
+    }
     janet_vm.block_count++;
 
     return (void *)mem;
@@ -427,7 +578,8 @@ void janet_collect(void) {
     uint32_t i;
     if (janet_vm.gc_suspend) return;
     depth = JANET_RECURSION_GUARD;
-    /* Try and prevent many major collections back to back.
+    janet_vm.gc_mark_phase = 1;
+    /* Try to prevent many major collections back to back.
      * A full collection will take O(janet_vm.block_count) time.
      * If we have a large heap, make sure our interval is not too
      * small so we won't make many collections over it. This is just a
@@ -446,6 +598,7 @@ void janet_collect(void) {
         Janet x = janet_vm.roots[--janet_vm.root_count];
         janet_mark(x);
     }
+    janet_vm.gc_mark_phase = 0;
     janet_sweep();
     janet_vm.next_collection = 0;
     janet_free_all_scratch();
@@ -532,7 +685,7 @@ void janet_clear_memory(void) {
     JanetGCObject *current = janet_vm.blocks;
     while (NULL != current) {
         janet_deinit_block(current);
-        JanetGCObject *next = current->next;
+        JanetGCObject *next = current->data.next;
         janet_free(current);
         current = next;
     }
@@ -549,7 +702,9 @@ void janet_gcunlock(int handle) {
     janet_vm.gc_suspend = handle;
 }
 
-/* Scratch memory API */
+/* Scratch memory API
+ * Scratch memory allocations do not need to be free (but optionally can be), and will be automatically cleaned
+ * up in the next call to janet_collect. */
 
 void *janet_smalloc(size_t size) {
     JanetScratch *s = janet_malloc(sizeof(JanetScratch) + size);

src/core/gc.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -57,10 +57,14 @@ enum JanetMemoryType {
     JANET_MEMORY_FUNCENV,
     JANET_MEMORY_FUNCDEF,
     JANET_MEMORY_THREADED_ABSTRACT,
+    JANET_MEMORY_TABLE_WEAKK,
+    JANET_MEMORY_TABLE_WEAKV,
+    JANET_MEMORY_TABLE_WEAKKV,
+    JANET_MEMORY_ARRAY_WEAK
 };
 
 /* To allocate collectable memory, one must call janet_alloc, initialize the memory,
- * and then call when janet_enablegc when it is initailize and reachable by the gc (on the JANET stack) */
+ * and then call when janet_enablegc when it is initialized and reachable by the gc (on the JANET stack) */
 void *janet_gcalloc(enum JanetMemoryType type, size_t size);
 
 #endif

src/core/inttypes.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose & contributors
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose & contributors
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -73,13 +73,13 @@ static void *int64_unmarshal(JanetMarshalContext *ctx) {
 
 static void it_s64_tostring(void *p, JanetBuffer *buffer) {
     char str[32];
-    sprintf(str, "%" PRId64, *((int64_t *)p));
+    snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "%" PRId64, *((int64_t *)p));
     janet_buffer_push_cstring(buffer, str);
 }
 
 static void it_u64_tostring(void *p, JanetBuffer *buffer) {
     char str[32];
-    sprintf(str, "%" PRIu64, *((uint64_t *)p));
+    snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "%" PRIu64, *((uint64_t *)p));
     janet_buffer_push_cstring(buffer, str);
 }
 
@@ -118,10 +118,9 @@ int64_t janet_unwrap_s64(Janet x) {
         default:
             break;
         case JANET_NUMBER : {
-            double dbl = janet_unwrap_number(x);
-            if (fabs(dbl) <=  MAX_INT_IN_DBL)
-                return (int64_t)dbl;
-            break;
+            double d = janet_unwrap_number(x);
+            if (!janet_checkint64range(d)) break;
+            return (int64_t) d;
         }
         case JANET_STRING: {
             int64_t value;
@@ -138,7 +137,7 @@ int64_t janet_unwrap_s64(Janet x) {
             break;
         }
     }
-    janet_panicf("bad s64 initializer: %t", x);
+    janet_panicf("can not convert %t %q to 64 bit signed integer", x, x);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -147,12 +146,9 @@ uint64_t janet_unwrap_u64(Janet x) {
         default:
             break;
         case JANET_NUMBER : {
-            double dbl = janet_unwrap_number(x);
-            /* Allow negative values to be cast to "wrap around".
-             * This let's addition and subtraction work as expected. */
-            if (fabs(dbl) <=  MAX_INT_IN_DBL)
-                return (uint64_t)dbl;
-            break;
+            double d = janet_unwrap_number(x);
+            if (!janet_checkuint64range(d)) break;
+            return (uint64_t) d;
         }
         case JANET_STRING: {
             uint64_t value;
@@ -169,7 +165,7 @@ uint64_t janet_unwrap_u64(Janet x) {
             break;
         }
     }
-    janet_panicf("bad u64 initializer: %t", x);
+    janet_panicf("can not convert %t %q to a 64 bit unsigned integer", x, x);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -195,18 +191,104 @@ Janet janet_wrap_u64(uint64_t x) {
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_it_s64_new,
               "(int/s64 value)",
-              "Create a boxed signed 64 bit integer from a string value.") {
+              "Create a boxed signed 64 bit integer from a string value or a number.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     return janet_wrap_s64(janet_unwrap_s64(argv[0]));
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_it_u64_new,
               "(int/u64 value)",
-              "Create a boxed unsigned 64 bit integer from a string value.") {
+              "Create a boxed unsigned 64 bit integer from a string value or a number.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     return janet_wrap_u64(janet_unwrap_u64(argv[0]));
 }
 
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_to_number,
+              "(int/to-number value)",
+              "Convert an int/u64 or int/s64 to a number. Fails if the number is out of range for an int64.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
+    if (janet_type(argv[0]) == JANET_ABSTRACT) {
+        void *abst = janet_unwrap_abstract(argv[0]);
+
+        if (janet_abstract_type(abst) == &janet_s64_type) {
+            int64_t value = *((int64_t *)abst);
+            if (value > JANET_INTMAX_INT64) {
+                janet_panicf("cannot convert %q to a number, must be in the range [%q, %q]", argv[0], janet_wrap_number(JANET_INTMIN_DOUBLE), janet_wrap_number(JANET_INTMAX_DOUBLE));
+            }
+            if (value < -JANET_INTMAX_INT64) {
+                janet_panicf("cannot convert %q to a number, must be in the range [%q, %q]", argv[0], janet_wrap_number(JANET_INTMIN_DOUBLE), janet_wrap_number(JANET_INTMAX_DOUBLE));
+            }
+            return janet_wrap_number((double)value);
+        }
+
+        if (janet_abstract_type(abst) == &janet_u64_type) {
+            uint64_t value = *((uint64_t *)abst);
+            if (value > JANET_INTMAX_INT64) {
+                janet_panicf("cannot convert %q to a number, must be in the range [%q, %q]", argv[0], janet_wrap_number(JANET_INTMIN_DOUBLE), janet_wrap_number(JANET_INTMAX_DOUBLE));
+            }
+
+            return janet_wrap_number((double)value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    janet_panicf("expected int/u64 or int/s64, got %q", argv[0]);
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_to_bytes,
+              "(int/to-bytes value &opt endianness buffer)",
+              "Write the bytes of an `int/s64` or `int/u64` into a buffer.\n"
+              "The `buffer` parameter specifies an existing buffer to write to, if unset a new buffer will be created.\n"
+              "Returns the modified buffer.\n"
+              "The `endianness` parameter indicates the byte order:\n"
+              "- `nil` (unset): system byte order\n"
+              "- `:le`: little-endian, least significant byte first\n"
+              "- `:be`: big-endian, most significant byte first\n") {
+    janet_arity(argc, 1, 3);
+    if (janet_is_int(argv[0]) == JANET_INT_NONE) {
+        janet_panicf("int/to-bytes: expected an int/s64 or int/u64, got %q", argv[0]);
+    }
+
+    int reverse = 0;
+    if (argc > 1 && !janet_checktype(argv[1], JANET_NIL)) {
+        JanetKeyword endianness_kw = janet_getkeyword(argv, 1);
+        if (!janet_cstrcmp(endianness_kw, "le")) {
+#if JANET_BIG_ENDIAN
+            reverse = 1;
+#endif
+        } else if (!janet_cstrcmp(endianness_kw, "be")) {
+#if JANET_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+            reverse = 1;
+#endif
+        } else {
+            janet_panicf("int/to-bytes: expected endianness :le, :be or nil, got %v", argv[1]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    JanetBuffer *buffer = NULL;
+    if (argc > 2 && !janet_checktype(argv[2], JANET_NIL)) {
+        if (!janet_checktype(argv[2], JANET_BUFFER)) {
+            janet_panicf("int/to-bytes: expected buffer or nil, got %q", argv[2]);
+        }
+
+        buffer = janet_unwrap_buffer(argv[2]);
+        janet_buffer_extra(buffer, 8);
+    } else {
+        buffer = janet_buffer(8);
+    }
+
+    uint8_t *bytes = janet_unwrap_abstract(argv[0]);
+    if (reverse) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
+            buffer->data[buffer->count + 7 - i] = bytes[i];
+        }
+    } else {
+        memcpy(buffer->data + buffer->count, bytes, 8);
+    }
+    buffer->count += 8;
+
+    return janet_wrap_buffer(buffer);
+}
+
 /*
  * Code to support polymorphic comparison.
  * int/u64 and int/s64 support a "compare" method that allows
@@ -221,8 +303,8 @@ static int compare_double_double(double x, double y) {
 
 static int compare_int64_double(int64_t x, double y) {
     if (isnan(y)) {
-        return 0; // clojure and python do this
-    } else if ((y > (- ((double) MAX_INT_IN_DBL))) && (y < ((double) MAX_INT_IN_DBL))) {
+        return 0;
+    } else if ((y > JANET_INTMIN_DOUBLE) && (y < JANET_INTMAX_DOUBLE)) {
         double dx = (double) x;
         return compare_double_double(dx, y);
     } else if (y > ((double) INT64_MAX)) {
@@ -237,10 +319,10 @@ static int compare_int64_double(int64_t x, double y) {
 
 static int compare_uint64_double(uint64_t x, double y) {
     if (isnan(y)) {
-        return 0; // clojure and python do this
+        return 0;
     } else if (y < 0) {
         return 1;
-    } else if ((y >= 0) && (y < ((double) MAX_INT_IN_DBL))) {
+    } else if ((y >= 0) && (y < JANET_INTMAX_DOUBLE)) {
         double dx = (double) x;
         return compare_double_double(dx, y);
     } else if (y > ((double) UINT64_MAX)) {
@@ -253,8 +335,9 @@ static int compare_uint64_double(uint64_t x, double y) {
 
 static Janet cfun_it_s64_compare(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 2);
-    if (janet_is_int(argv[0]) != JANET_INT_S64)
+    if (janet_is_int(argv[0]) != JANET_INT_S64) {
         janet_panic("compare method requires int/s64 as first argument");
+    }
     int64_t x = janet_unwrap_s64(argv[0]);
     switch (janet_type(argv[1])) {
         default:
@@ -269,7 +352,6 @@ static Janet cfun_it_s64_compare(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) {
                 int64_t y = *(int64_t *)abst;
                 return janet_wrap_number((x < y) ? -1 : (x > y ? 1 : 0));
             } else if (janet_abstract_type(abst) == &janet_u64_type) {
-                // comparing signed to unsigned -- be careful!
                 uint64_t y = *(uint64_t *)abst;
                 if (x < 0) {
                     return janet_wrap_number(-1);
@@ -288,8 +370,9 @@ static Janet cfun_it_s64_compare(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) {
 
 static Janet cfun_it_u64_compare(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 2);
-    if (janet_is_int(argv[0]) != JANET_INT_U64)  // is this needed?
+    if (janet_is_int(argv[0]) != JANET_INT_U64) {
         janet_panic("compare method requires int/u64 as first argument");
+    }
     uint64_t x = janet_unwrap_u64(argv[0]);
     switch (janet_type(argv[1])) {
         default:
@@ -304,7 +387,6 @@ static Janet cfun_it_u64_compare(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) {
                 uint64_t y = *(uint64_t *)abst;
                 return janet_wrap_number((x < y) ? -1 : (x > y ? 1 : 0));
             } else if (janet_abstract_type(abst) == &janet_s64_type) {
-                // comparing unsigned to signed -- be careful!
                 int64_t y = *(int64_t *)abst;
                 if (y < 0) {
                     return janet_wrap_number(1);
@@ -321,25 +403,52 @@ static Janet cfun_it_u64_compare(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) {
     return janet_wrap_nil();
 }
 
+/*
+ * In C, signed arithmetic overflow is undefined behvior
+ * but unsigned arithmetic overflow is twos complement
+ *
+ * Reference:
+ * https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/ub
+ * http://blog.llvm.org/2011/05/what-every-c-programmer-should-know.html
+ *
+ * This means OPMETHOD & OPMETHODINVERT must always use
+ * unsigned arithmetic internally, regardless of the true type.
+ * This will not affect the end result (property of twos complement).
+ */
 #define OPMETHOD(T, type, name, oper) \
 static Janet cfun_it_##type##_##name(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) { \
     janet_arity(argc, 2, -1); \
     T *box = janet_abstract(&janet_##type##_type, sizeof(T)); \
     *box = janet_unwrap_##type(argv[0]); \
     for (int32_t i = 1; i < argc; i++) \
-        *box oper##= janet_unwrap_##type(argv[i]); \
+        /* This avoids undefined behavior. See above for why. */ \
+        *box = (T) ((uint64_t) (*box)) oper ((uint64_t) janet_unwrap_##type(argv[i])); \
     return janet_wrap_abstract(box); \
 } \
 
 #define OPMETHODINVERT(T, type, name, oper) \
-static Janet cfun_it_##type##_##name(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) { \
+static Janet cfun_it_##type##_##name##i(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) { \
     janet_fixarity(argc, 2); \
     T *box = janet_abstract(&janet_##type##_type, sizeof(T)); \
     *box = janet_unwrap_##type(argv[1]); \
-    *box oper##= janet_unwrap_##type(argv[0]); \
+    /* This avoids undefined behavior. See above for why. */ \
+    *box = (T) ((uint64_t) *box) oper ((uint64_t) janet_unwrap_##type(argv[0])); \
     return janet_wrap_abstract(box); \
 } \
 
+#define UNARYMETHOD(T, type, name, oper) \
+static Janet cfun_it_##type##_##name(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) { \
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 1); \
+    T *box = janet_abstract(&janet_##type##_type, sizeof(T)); \
+    *box = oper(janet_unwrap_##type(argv[0])); \
+    return janet_wrap_abstract(box); \
+} \
+
+#define DIVZERO(name) DIVZERO_##name
+#define DIVZERO_div janet_panic("division by zero")
+#define DIVZERO_rem janet_panic("division by zero")
+#define DIVZERO_mod return janet_wrap_abstract(box)
+
 #define DIVMETHOD(T, type, name, oper) \
 static Janet cfun_it_##type##_##name(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) { \
     janet_arity(argc, 2, -1);                       \
@@ -347,19 +456,19 @@ static Janet cfun_it_##type##_##name(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) { \
     *box = janet_unwrap_##type(argv[0]); \
     for (int32_t i = 1; i < argc; i++) { \
       T value = janet_unwrap_##type(argv[i]); \
-      if (value == 0) janet_panic("division by zero"); \
+      if (value == 0) DIVZERO(name); \
       *box oper##= value; \
     } \
     return janet_wrap_abstract(box); \
 } \
 
 #define DIVMETHODINVERT(T, type, name, oper) \
-static Janet cfun_it_##type##_##name(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) { \
+static Janet cfun_it_##type##_##name##i(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) { \
     janet_fixarity(argc, 2);                       \
     T *box = janet_abstract(&janet_##type##_type, sizeof(T)); \
     *box = janet_unwrap_##type(argv[1]); \
     T value = janet_unwrap_##type(argv[0]); \
-    if (value == 0) janet_panic("division by zero"); \
+    if (value == 0) DIVZERO(name); \
     *box oper##= value; \
     return janet_wrap_abstract(box); \
 } \
@@ -371,7 +480,7 @@ static Janet cfun_it_##type##_##name(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) { \
     *box = janet_unwrap_##type(argv[0]); \
     for (int32_t i = 1; i < argc; i++) { \
       T value = janet_unwrap_##type(argv[i]); \
-      if (value == 0) janet_panic("division by zero"); \
+      if (value == 0) DIVZERO(name); \
       if ((value == -1) && (*box == INT64_MIN)) janet_panic("INT64_MIN divided by -1"); \
       *box oper##= value; \
     } \
@@ -379,51 +488,95 @@ static Janet cfun_it_##type##_##name(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) { \
 } \
 
 #define DIVMETHODINVERT_SIGNED(T, type, name, oper) \
-static Janet cfun_it_##type##_##name(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) { \
+static Janet cfun_it_##type##_##name##i(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) { \
     janet_fixarity(argc, 2);                       \
     T *box = janet_abstract(&janet_##type##_type, sizeof(T)); \
     *box = janet_unwrap_##type(argv[1]); \
     T value = janet_unwrap_##type(argv[0]); \
-    if (value == 0) janet_panic("division by zero"); \
+    if (value == 0) DIVZERO(name); \
     if ((value == -1) && (*box == INT64_MIN)) janet_panic("INT64_MIN divided by -1"); \
     *box oper##= value; \
     return janet_wrap_abstract(box); \
 } \
 
+static Janet cfun_it_s64_divf(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 2);
+    int64_t *box = janet_abstract(&janet_s64_type, sizeof(int64_t));
+    int64_t op1 = janet_unwrap_s64(argv[0]);
+    int64_t op2 = janet_unwrap_s64(argv[1]);
+    if (op2 == 0) janet_panic("division by zero");
+    int64_t x = op1 / op2;
+    *box = x - (((op1 ^ op2) < 0) && (x * op2 != op1));
+    return janet_wrap_abstract(box);
+}
+
+static Janet cfun_it_s64_divfi(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 2);
+    int64_t *box = janet_abstract(&janet_s64_type, sizeof(int64_t));
+    int64_t op2 = janet_unwrap_s64(argv[0]);
+    int64_t op1 = janet_unwrap_s64(argv[1]);
+    if (op2 == 0) janet_panic("division by zero");
+    int64_t x = op1 / op2;
+    *box = x - (((op1 ^ op2) < 0) && (x * op2 != op1));
+    return janet_wrap_abstract(box);
+}
+
 static Janet cfun_it_s64_mod(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 2);
     int64_t *box = janet_abstract(&janet_s64_type, sizeof(int64_t));
     int64_t op1 = janet_unwrap_s64(argv[0]);
     int64_t op2 = janet_unwrap_s64(argv[1]);
-    int64_t x = op1 % op2;
-    *box = (op1 > 0)
-           ? ((op2 > 0) ? x : (0 == x ? x : x + op2))
-           : ((op2 > 0) ? (0 == x ? x : x + op2) : x);
+    if (op2 == 0) {
+        *box = op1;
+    } else {
+        int64_t x = op1 % op2;
+        *box = (((op1 ^ op2) < 0) && (x != 0)) ? x + op2 : x;
+    }
+    return janet_wrap_abstract(box);
+}
+
+static Janet cfun_it_s64_modi(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 2);
+    int64_t *box = janet_abstract(&janet_s64_type, sizeof(int64_t));
+    int64_t op2 = janet_unwrap_s64(argv[0]);
+    int64_t op1 = janet_unwrap_s64(argv[1]);
+    if (op2 == 0) {
+        *box = op1;
+    } else {
+        int64_t x = op1 % op2;
+        *box = (((op1 ^ op2) < 0) && (x != 0)) ? x + op2 : x;
+    }
     return janet_wrap_abstract(box);
 }
 
 OPMETHOD(int64_t, s64, add, +)
 OPMETHOD(int64_t, s64, sub, -)
-OPMETHODINVERT(int64_t, s64, subi, -)
+OPMETHODINVERT(int64_t, s64, sub, -)
 OPMETHOD(int64_t, s64, mul, *)
 DIVMETHOD_SIGNED(int64_t, s64, div, /)
 DIVMETHOD_SIGNED(int64_t, s64, rem, %)
-DIVMETHODINVERT_SIGNED(int64_t, s64, divi, /)
+DIVMETHODINVERT_SIGNED(int64_t, s64, div, /)
+DIVMETHODINVERT_SIGNED(int64_t, s64, rem, %)
 OPMETHOD(int64_t, s64, and, &)
 OPMETHOD(int64_t, s64, or, |)
 OPMETHOD(int64_t, s64, xor, ^)
+UNARYMETHOD(int64_t, s64, not, ~)
 OPMETHOD(int64_t, s64, lshift, <<)
 OPMETHOD(int64_t, s64, rshift, >>)
 OPMETHOD(uint64_t, u64, add, +)
 OPMETHOD(uint64_t, u64, sub, -)
-OPMETHODINVERT(uint64_t, u64, subi, -)
+OPMETHODINVERT(uint64_t, u64, sub, -)
 OPMETHOD(uint64_t, u64, mul, *)
 DIVMETHOD(uint64_t, u64, div, /)
+DIVMETHOD(uint64_t, u64, rem, %)
 DIVMETHOD(uint64_t, u64, mod, %)
-DIVMETHODINVERT(uint64_t, u64, divi, /)
+DIVMETHODINVERT(uint64_t, u64, div, /)
+DIVMETHODINVERT(uint64_t, u64, rem, %)
+DIVMETHODINVERT(uint64_t, u64, mod, %)
 OPMETHOD(uint64_t, u64, and, &)
 OPMETHOD(uint64_t, u64, or, |)
 OPMETHOD(uint64_t, u64, xor, ^)
+UNARYMETHOD(uint64_t, u64, not, ~)
 OPMETHOD(uint64_t, u64, lshift, <<)
 OPMETHOD(uint64_t, u64, rshift, >>)
 
@@ -432,7 +585,6 @@ OPMETHOD(uint64_t, u64, rshift, >>)
 #undef DIVMETHOD_SIGNED
 #undef COMPMETHOD
 
-
 static JanetMethod it_s64_methods[] = {
     {"+", cfun_it_s64_add},
     {"r+", cfun_it_s64_add},
@@ -442,20 +594,22 @@ static JanetMethod it_s64_methods[] = {
     {"r*", cfun_it_s64_mul},
     {"/", cfun_it_s64_div},
     {"r/", cfun_it_s64_divi},
+    {"div", cfun_it_s64_divf},
+    {"rdiv", cfun_it_s64_divfi},
     {"mod", cfun_it_s64_mod},
-    {"rmod", cfun_it_s64_mod},
+    {"rmod", cfun_it_s64_modi},
     {"%", cfun_it_s64_rem},
-    {"r%", cfun_it_s64_rem},
+    {"r%", cfun_it_s64_remi},
     {"&", cfun_it_s64_and},
     {"r&", cfun_it_s64_and},
     {"|", cfun_it_s64_or},
     {"r|", cfun_it_s64_or},
     {"^", cfun_it_s64_xor},
     {"r^", cfun_it_s64_xor},
+    {"~", cfun_it_s64_not},
     {"<<", cfun_it_s64_lshift},
     {">>", cfun_it_s64_rshift},
     {"compare", cfun_it_s64_compare},
-
     {NULL, NULL}
 };
 
@@ -468,20 +622,22 @@ static JanetMethod it_u64_methods[] = {
     {"r*", cfun_it_u64_mul},
     {"/", cfun_it_u64_div},
     {"r/", cfun_it_u64_divi},
+    {"div", cfun_it_u64_div},
+    {"rdiv", cfun_it_u64_divi},
     {"mod", cfun_it_u64_mod},
-    {"rmod", cfun_it_u64_mod},
-    {"%", cfun_it_u64_mod},
-    {"r%", cfun_it_u64_mod},
+    {"rmod", cfun_it_u64_modi},
+    {"%", cfun_it_u64_rem},
+    {"r%", cfun_it_u64_remi},
     {"&", cfun_it_u64_and},
     {"r&", cfun_it_u64_and},
     {"|", cfun_it_u64_or},
     {"r|", cfun_it_u64_or},
     {"^", cfun_it_u64_xor},
     {"r^", cfun_it_u64_xor},
+    {"~", cfun_it_u64_not},
     {"<<", cfun_it_u64_lshift},
     {">>", cfun_it_u64_rshift},
     {"compare", cfun_it_u64_compare},
-
     {NULL, NULL}
 };
 
@@ -514,6 +670,8 @@ void janet_lib_inttypes(JanetTable *env) {
     JanetRegExt it_cfuns[] = {
         JANET_CORE_REG("int/s64", cfun_it_s64_new),
         JANET_CORE_REG("int/u64", cfun_it_u64_new),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("int/to-number", cfun_to_number),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("int/to-bytes", cfun_to_bytes),
         JANET_REG_END
     };
     janet_core_cfuns_ext(env, NULL, it_cfuns);

src/core/io.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 
 #ifndef JANET_WINDOWS
 #include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #endif
@@ -41,6 +42,11 @@ static void io_file_marshal(void *p, JanetMarshalContext *ctx);
 static void *io_file_unmarshal(JanetMarshalContext *ctx);
 static Janet io_file_next(void *p, Janet key);
 
+#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+#define ftell _ftelli64
+#define fseek _fseeki64
+#endif
+
 const JanetAbstractType janet_file_type = {
     "core/file",
     cfun_io_gc,
@@ -69,12 +75,15 @@ static int32_t checkflags(const uint8_t *str) {
             break;
         case 'w':
             flags |= JANET_FILE_WRITE;
+            janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_FS_WRITE);
             break;
         case 'a':
             flags |= JANET_FILE_APPEND;
+            janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_FS);
             break;
         case 'r':
             flags |= JANET_FILE_READ;
+            janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_FS_READ);
             break;
     }
     for (i = 1; i < len; i++) {
@@ -84,6 +93,7 @@ static int32_t checkflags(const uint8_t *str) {
                 break;
             case '+':
                 if (flags & JANET_FILE_UPDATE) return -1;
+                janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_FS_WRITE);
                 flags |= JANET_FILE_UPDATE;
                 break;
             case 'b':
@@ -112,57 +122,22 @@ static void *makef(FILE *f, int32_t flags) {
     return iof;
 }
 
-/* Open a process */
-#ifndef JANET_NO_PROCESSES
-JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_popen,
-              "(file/popen command &opt mode) (DEPRECATED for os/spawn)",
-              "Open a file that is backed by a process. The file must be opened in either "
-              "the :r (read) or the :w (write) mode. In :r mode, the stdout of the "
-              "process can be read from the file. In :w mode, the stdin of the process "
-              "can be written to. Returns the new file.") {
-    janet_arity(argc, 1, 2);
-    const uint8_t *fname = janet_getstring(argv, 0);
-    const uint8_t *fmode = NULL;
-    int32_t flags;
-    if (argc == 2) {
-        fmode = janet_getkeyword(argv, 1);
-        flags = JANET_FILE_PIPED | checkflags(fmode);
-        if (flags & (JANET_FILE_UPDATE | JANET_FILE_BINARY | JANET_FILE_APPEND)) {
-            janet_panicf("invalid popen file mode :%S, expected :r or :w", fmode);
-        }
-        fmode = (const uint8_t *)((fmode[0] == 'r') ? "r" : "w");
-    } else {
-        fmode = (const uint8_t *)"r";
-        flags = JANET_FILE_PIPED | JANET_FILE_READ;
-    }
-#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
-#define popen _popen
-#endif
-    FILE *f = popen((const char *)fname, (const char *)fmode);
-    if (!f) {
-        if (flags & JANET_FILE_NONIL)
-            janet_panicf("failed to popen %s: %s", fname, strerror(errno));
-        return janet_wrap_nil();
-    }
-    return janet_makefile(f, flags);
-}
-#endif
-
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_temp,
               "(file/temp)",
               "Open an anonymous temporary file that is removed on close. "
               "Raises an error on failure.") {
+    janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_FS_TEMP);
     (void)argv;
     janet_fixarity(argc, 0);
     // XXX use mkostemp when we can to avoid CLOEXEC race.
     FILE *tmp = tmpfile();
     if (!tmp)
-        janet_panicf("unable to create temporary file - %s", strerror(errno));
+        janet_panicf("unable to create temporary file - %s", janet_strerror(errno));
     return janet_makefile(tmp, JANET_FILE_WRITE | JANET_FILE_READ | JANET_FILE_BINARY);
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_fopen,
-              "(file/open path &opt mode)",
+              "(file/open path &opt mode buffer-size)",
               "Open a file. `path` is an absolute or relative path, and "
               "`mode` is a set of flags indicating the mode to open the file in. "
               "`mode` is a keyword where each character represents a flag. If the file "
@@ -174,8 +149,9 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_fopen,
               "Following one of the initial flags, 0 or more of the following flags can be appended:\n\n"
               "* b - open the file in binary mode (rather than text mode)\n\n"
               "* + - append to the file instead of overwriting it\n\n"
-              "* n - error if the file cannot be opened instead of returning nil") {
-    janet_arity(argc, 1, 2);
+              "* n - error if the file cannot be opened instead of returning nil\n\n"
+              "See fopen (<stdio.h>, C99) for further details.") {
+    janet_arity(argc, 1, 3);
     const uint8_t *fname = janet_getstring(argv, 0);
     const uint8_t *fmode;
     int32_t flags;
@@ -184,11 +160,29 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_fopen,
         flags = checkflags(fmode);
     } else {
         fmode = (const uint8_t *)"r";
+        janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_FS_READ);
         flags = JANET_FILE_READ;
     }
     FILE *f = fopen((const char *)fname, (const char *)fmode);
+    if (f != NULL) {
+#ifndef JANET_WINDOWS
+        struct stat st;
+        fstat(fileno(f), &st);
+        if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+            fclose(f);
+            janet_panicf("cannot open directory: %s", fname);
+        }
+#endif
+        size_t bufsize = janet_optsize(argv, argc, 2, BUFSIZ);
+        if (bufsize != BUFSIZ) {
+            int result = setvbuf(f, NULL, bufsize ? _IOFBF : _IONBF, bufsize);
+            if (result) {
+                janet_panic("failed to set buffer size for file");
+            }
+        }
+    }
     return f ? janet_makefile(f, flags)
-           : (flags & JANET_FILE_NONIL) ? (janet_panicf("failed to open file %s: %s", fname, strerror(errno)), janet_wrap_nil())
+           : (flags & JANET_FILE_NONIL) ? (janet_panicf("failed to open file %s: %s", fname, janet_strerror(errno)), janet_wrap_nil())
            : janet_wrap_nil();
 }
 
@@ -279,6 +273,13 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_fwrite,
     return argv[0];
 }
 
+static void io_assert_writeable(JanetFile *iof) {
+    if (iof->flags & JANET_FILE_CLOSED)
+        janet_panic("file is closed");
+    if (!(iof->flags & (JANET_FILE_WRITE | JANET_FILE_APPEND | JANET_FILE_UPDATE)))
+        janet_panic("file is not writeable");
+}
+
 /* Flush the bytes in the file */
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_fflush,
               "(file/flush f)",
@@ -286,17 +287,13 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_fflush,
               "buffered for efficiency reasons. Returns the file handle.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     JanetFile *iof = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_file_type);
-    if (iof->flags & JANET_FILE_CLOSED)
-        janet_panic("file is closed");
-    if (!(iof->flags & (JANET_FILE_WRITE | JANET_FILE_APPEND | JANET_FILE_UPDATE)))
-        janet_panic("file is not writeable");
+    io_assert_writeable(iof);
     if (fflush(iof->file))
         janet_panic("could not flush file");
     return argv[0];
 }
 
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
-#define pclose _pclose
 #define WEXITSTATUS(x) x
 #endif
 
@@ -304,15 +301,9 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_fflush,
 int janet_file_close(JanetFile *file) {
     int ret = 0;
     if (!(file->flags & (JANET_FILE_NOT_CLOSEABLE | JANET_FILE_CLOSED))) {
-#ifndef JANET_NO_PROCESSES
-        if (file->flags & JANET_FILE_PIPED) {
-            ret = pclose(file->file);
-        } else
-#endif
-        {
-            ret = fclose(file->file);
-        }
+        ret = fclose(file->file);
         file->flags |= JANET_FILE_CLOSED;
+        file->file = NULL; /* NULL dereference is easier to debug then other problems */
         return ret;
     }
     return 0;
@@ -331,30 +322,18 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_fclose,
               "(file/close f)",
               "Close a file and release all related resources. When you are "
               "done reading a file, close it to prevent a resource leak and let "
-              "other processes read the file. If the file is the result of a file/popen "
-              "call, close waits for and returns the process exit status.") {
+              "other processes read the file.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     JanetFile *iof = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_file_type);
     if (iof->flags & JANET_FILE_CLOSED)
         return janet_wrap_nil();
     if (iof->flags & (JANET_FILE_NOT_CLOSEABLE))
         janet_panic("file not closable");
-    if (iof->flags & JANET_FILE_PIPED) {
-#ifndef JANET_NO_PROCESSES
-        int status = pclose(iof->file);
-        iof->flags |= JANET_FILE_CLOSED;
-        if (status == -1) janet_panic("could not close file");
-        return janet_wrap_integer(WEXITSTATUS(status));
-#else
-        return janet_wrap_nil();
-#endif
-    } else {
-        if (fclose(iof->file)) {
-            iof->flags |= JANET_FILE_NOT_CLOSEABLE;
-            janet_panic("could not close file");
-        }
-        iof->flags |= JANET_FILE_CLOSED;
+    if (fclose(iof->file)) {
+        iof->flags |= JANET_FILE_NOT_CLOSEABLE;
+        janet_panic("could not close file");
     }
+    iof->flags |= JANET_FILE_CLOSED;
     return janet_wrap_nil();
 }
 
@@ -372,7 +351,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_fseek,
     JanetFile *iof = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_file_type);
     if (iof->flags & JANET_FILE_CLOSED)
         janet_panic("file is closed");
-    long int offset = 0;
+    int64_t offset = 0;
     int whence = SEEK_CUR;
     if (argc >= 2) {
         const uint8_t *whence_sym = janet_getkeyword(argv, 1);
@@ -386,18 +365,31 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_fseek,
             janet_panicf("expected one of :cur, :set, :end, got %v", argv[1]);
         }
         if (argc == 3) {
-            offset = (long) janet_getinteger64(argv, 2);
+            offset = (int64_t) janet_getinteger64(argv, 2);
         }
     }
     if (fseek(iof->file, offset, whence)) janet_panic("error seeking file");
     return argv[0];
 }
 
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_ftell,
+              "(file/tell f)",
+              "Get the current value of the file position for file `f`.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
+    JanetFile *iof = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_file_type);
+    if (iof->flags & JANET_FILE_CLOSED)
+        janet_panic("file is closed");
+    int64_t pos = ftell(iof->file);
+    if (pos == -1) janet_panic("error getting position in file");
+    return janet_wrap_number((double)pos);
+}
+
 static JanetMethod io_file_methods[] = {
     {"close", cfun_io_fclose},
     {"flush", cfun_io_fflush},
     {"read", cfun_io_fread},
     {"seek", cfun_io_fseek},
+    {"tell", cfun_io_ftell},
     {"write", cfun_io_fwrite},
     {NULL, NULL}
 };
@@ -483,6 +475,19 @@ static Janet cfun_io_print_impl_x(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, int newline,
                 janet_buffer_push_u8(buf, '\n');
             return janet_wrap_nil();
         }
+        case JANET_FUNCTION: {
+            /* Special case function */
+            JanetFunction *fun = janet_unwrap_function(x);
+            JanetBuffer *buf = janet_buffer(0);
+            for (int32_t i = offset; i < argc; ++i) {
+                janet_to_string_b(buf, argv[i]);
+            }
+            if (newline)
+                janet_buffer_push_u8(buf, '\n');
+            Janet args[1] = { janet_wrap_buffer(buf) };
+            janet_call(fun, 1, args);
+            return janet_wrap_nil();
+        }
         case JANET_NIL:
             f = dflt_file;
             if (f == NULL) janet_panic("cannot print to nil");
@@ -492,6 +497,7 @@ static Janet cfun_io_print_impl_x(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, int newline,
             if (janet_abstract_type(abstract) != &janet_file_type)
                 return janet_wrap_nil();
             JanetFile *iofile = abstract;
+            io_assert_writeable(iofile);
             f = iofile->file;
             break;
         }
@@ -522,7 +528,6 @@ static Janet cfun_io_print_impl_x(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, int newline,
     return janet_wrap_nil();
 }
 
-
 static Janet cfun_io_print_impl(int32_t argc, Janet *argv,
                                 int newline, const char *name, FILE *dflt_file) {
     Janet x = janet_dyn(name);
@@ -533,27 +538,27 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_print,
               "(print & xs)",
               "Print values to the console (standard out). Value are converted "
               "to strings if they are not already. After printing all values, a "
-              "newline character is printed. Use the value of (dyn :out stdout) to determine "
-              "what to push characters to. Expects (dyn :out stdout) to be either a core/file or "
+              "newline character is printed. Use the value of `(dyn :out stdout)` to determine "
+              "what to push characters to. Expects `(dyn :out stdout)` to be either a core/file or "
               "a buffer. Returns nil.") {
     return cfun_io_print_impl(argc, argv, 1, "out", stdout);
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_prin,
               "(prin & xs)",
-              "Same as print, but does not add trailing newline.") {
+              "Same as `print`, but does not add trailing newline.") {
     return cfun_io_print_impl(argc, argv, 0, "out", stdout);
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_eprint,
               "(eprint & xs)",
-              "Same as print, but uses (dyn :err stderr) instead of (dyn :out stdout).") {
+              "Same as `print`, but uses `(dyn :err stderr)` instead of `(dyn :out stdout)`.") {
     return cfun_io_print_impl(argc, argv, 1, "err", stderr);
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_eprin,
               "(eprin & xs)",
-              "Same as prin, but uses (dyn :err stderr) instead of (dyn :out stdout).") {
+              "Same as `prin`, but uses `(dyn :err stderr)` instead of `(dyn :out stdout)`.") {
     return cfun_io_print_impl(argc, argv, 0, "err", stderr);
 }
 
@@ -561,7 +566,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_xprint,
               "(xprint to & xs)",
               "Print to a file or other value explicitly (no dynamic bindings) with a trailing "
               "newline character. The value to print "
-              "to is the first argument, and is otherwise the same as print. Returns nil.") {
+              "to is the first argument, and is otherwise the same as `print`. Returns nil.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 1, -1);
     return cfun_io_print_impl_x(argc, argv, 1, NULL, 1, argv[0]);
 }
@@ -569,7 +574,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_xprint,
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_xprin,
               "(xprin to & xs)",
               "Print to a file or other value explicitly (no dynamic bindings). The value to print "
-              "to is the first argument, and is otherwise the same as prin. Returns nil.") {
+              "to is the first argument, and is otherwise the same as `prin`. Returns nil.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 1, -1);
     return cfun_io_print_impl_x(argc, argv, 0, NULL, 1, argv[0]);
 }
@@ -588,6 +593,16 @@ static Janet cfun_io_printf_impl_x(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, int newline,
             if (newline) janet_buffer_push_u8(buf, '\n');
             return janet_wrap_nil();
         }
+        case JANET_FUNCTION: {
+            /* Special case function */
+            JanetFunction *fun = janet_unwrap_function(x);
+            JanetBuffer *buf = janet_buffer(0);
+            janet_buffer_format(buf, fmt, offset, argc, argv);
+            if (newline) janet_buffer_push_u8(buf, '\n');
+            Janet args[1] = { janet_wrap_buffer(buf) };
+            janet_call(fun, 1, args);
+            return janet_wrap_nil();
+        }
         case JANET_NIL:
             f = dflt_file;
             if (f == NULL) janet_panic("cannot print to nil");
@@ -597,6 +612,10 @@ static Janet cfun_io_printf_impl_x(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, int newline,
             if (janet_abstract_type(abstract) != &janet_file_type)
                 return janet_wrap_nil();
             JanetFile *iofile = abstract;
+            if (iofile->flags & JANET_FILE_CLOSED) {
+                janet_panic("cannot print to closed file");
+            }
+            io_assert_writeable(iofile);
             f = iofile->file;
             break;
         }
@@ -627,38 +646,38 @@ static Janet cfun_io_printf_impl(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, int newline,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_printf,
               "(printf fmt & xs)",
-              "Prints output formatted as if with (string/format fmt ;xs) to (dyn :out stdout) with a trailing newline.") {
+              "Prints output formatted as if with `(string/format fmt ;xs)` to `(dyn :out stdout)` with a trailing newline.") {
     return cfun_io_printf_impl(argc, argv, 1, "out", stdout);
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_prinf,
               "(prinf fmt & xs)",
-              "Like printf but with no trailing newline.") {
+              "Like `printf` but with no trailing newline.") {
     return cfun_io_printf_impl(argc, argv, 0, "out", stdout);
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_eprintf,
               "(eprintf fmt & xs)",
-              "Prints output formatted as if with (string/format fmt ;xs) to (dyn :err stderr) with a trailing newline.") {
+              "Prints output formatted as if with `(string/format fmt ;xs)` to `(dyn :err stderr)` with a trailing newline.") {
     return cfun_io_printf_impl(argc, argv, 1, "err", stderr);
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_eprinf,
               "(eprinf fmt & xs)",
-              "Like eprintf but with no trailing newline.") {
+              "Like `eprintf` but with no trailing newline.") {
     return cfun_io_printf_impl(argc, argv, 0, "err", stderr);
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_xprintf,
               "(xprintf to fmt & xs)",
-              "Like printf but prints to an explicit file or value to. Returns nil.") {
+              "Like `printf` but prints to an explicit file or value `to`. Returns nil.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 2, -1);
     return cfun_io_printf_impl_x(argc, argv, 1, NULL, 1, argv[0]);
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_xprinf,
               "(xprinf to fmt & xs)",
-              "Like prinf but prints to an explicit file or value to. Returns nil.") {
+              "Like `prinf` but prints to an explicit file or value `to`. Returns nil.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 2, -1);
     return cfun_io_printf_impl_x(argc, argv, 0, NULL, 1, argv[0]);
 }
@@ -683,7 +702,7 @@ static void janet_flusher(const char *name, FILE *dflt_file) {
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_flush,
               "(flush)",
-              "Flush (dyn :out stdout) if it is a file, otherwise do nothing.") {
+              "Flush `(dyn :out stdout)` if it is a file, otherwise do nothing.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 0);
     (void) argv;
     janet_flusher("out", stdout);
@@ -692,7 +711,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_flush,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_eflush,
               "(eflush)",
-              "Flush (dyn :err stderr) if it is a file, otherwise do nothing.") {
+              "Flush `(dyn :err stderr)` if it is a file, otherwise do nothing.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 0);
     (void) argv;
     janet_flusher("err", stderr);
@@ -721,12 +740,23 @@ void janet_dynprintf(const char *name, FILE *dflt_file, const char *format, ...)
                 if (janet_abstract_type(abstract) != &janet_file_type)
                     break;
                 JanetFile *iofile = abstract;
+                io_assert_writeable(iofile);
                 f = iofile->file;
             }
             fwrite(buffer.data, buffer.count, 1, f);
             janet_buffer_deinit(&buffer);
             break;
         }
+        case JANET_FUNCTION: {
+            JanetFunction *fun = janet_unwrap_function(x);
+            int32_t len = 0;
+            while (format[len]) len++;
+            JanetBuffer *buf = janet_buffer(len);
+            janet_formatbv(buf, format, args);
+            Janet args[1] = { janet_wrap_buffer(buf) };
+            janet_call(fun, 1, args);
+            break;
+        }
         case JANET_BUFFER:
             janet_formatbv(janet_unwrap_buffer(x), format, args);
             break;
@@ -741,17 +771,17 @@ JanetFile *janet_getjfile(const Janet *argv, int32_t n) {
     return janet_getabstract(argv, n, &janet_file_type);
 }
 
-FILE *janet_getfile(const Janet *argv, int32_t n, int *flags) {
+FILE *janet_getfile(const Janet *argv, int32_t n, int32_t *flags) {
     JanetFile *iof = janet_getabstract(argv, n, &janet_file_type);
     if (NULL != flags) *flags = iof->flags;
     return iof->file;
 }
 
-JanetFile *janet_makejfile(FILE *f, int flags) {
+JanetFile *janet_makejfile(FILE *f, int32_t flags) {
     return makef(f, flags);
 }
 
-Janet janet_makefile(FILE *f, int flags) {
+Janet janet_makefile(FILE *f, int32_t flags) {
     return janet_wrap_abstract(makef(f, flags));
 }
 
@@ -759,7 +789,7 @@ JanetAbstract janet_checkfile(Janet j) {
     return janet_checkabstract(j, &janet_file_type);
 }
 
-FILE *janet_unwrapfile(Janet j, int *flags) {
+FILE *janet_unwrapfile(Janet j, int32_t *flags) {
     JanetFile *iof = janet_unwrap_abstract(j);
     if (NULL != flags) *flags = iof->flags;
     return iof->file;
@@ -789,9 +819,7 @@ void janet_lib_io(JanetTable *env) {
         JANET_CORE_REG("file/write", cfun_io_fwrite),
         JANET_CORE_REG("file/flush", cfun_io_fflush),
         JANET_CORE_REG("file/seek", cfun_io_fseek),
-#ifndef JANET_NO_PROCESSES
-        JANET_CORE_REG("file/popen", cfun_io_popen),
-#endif
+        JANET_CORE_REG("file/tell", cfun_io_ftell),
         JANET_REG_END
     };
     janet_core_cfuns_ext(env, NULL, io_cfuns);

src/core/marsh.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ typedef struct {
     JanetFuncEnv **seen_envs;
     JanetFuncDef **seen_defs;
     int32_t nextid;
+    int maybe_cycles;
 } MarshalState;
 
 /* Lead bytes in marshaling protocol */
@@ -64,9 +65,18 @@ enum {
     LB_FUNCDEF_REF, /* 220 */
     LB_UNSAFE_CFUNCTION, /* 221 */
     LB_UNSAFE_POINTER, /* 222 */
+    LB_STRUCT_PROTO, /* 223 */
 #ifdef JANET_EV
-    LB_THREADED_ABSTRACT/* 223 */
+    LB_THREADED_ABSTRACT, /* 224 */
+    LB_POINTER_BUFFER, /* 225 */
 #endif
+    LB_TABLE_WEAKK, /* 226 */
+    LB_TABLE_WEAKV, /* 227 */
+    LB_TABLE_WEAKKV, /* 228 */
+    LB_TABLE_WEAKK_PROTO, /* 229 */
+    LB_TABLE_WEAKV_PROTO, /* 230 */
+    LB_TABLE_WEAKKV_PROTO, /* 231 */
+    LB_ARRAY_WEAK, /* 232 */
 } LeadBytes;
 
 /* Helper to look inside an entry in an environment */
@@ -151,6 +161,10 @@ static void pushbytes(MarshalState *st, const uint8_t *bytes, int32_t len) {
     janet_buffer_push_bytes(st->buf, bytes, len);
 }
 
+static void pushpointer(MarshalState *st, const void *ptr) {
+    janet_buffer_push_bytes(st->buf, (const uint8_t *) &ptr, sizeof(ptr));
+}
+
 /* Marshal a size_t onto the buffer */
 static void push64(MarshalState *st, uint64_t x) {
     if (x <= 0xF0) {
@@ -178,6 +192,19 @@ static void marshal_one_env(MarshalState *st, JanetFuncEnv *env, int flags);
 /* Prevent stack overflows */
 #define MARSH_STACKCHECK if ((flags & 0xFFFF) > JANET_RECURSION_GUARD) janet_panic("stack overflow")
 
+/* Quick check if a fiber cannot be marshalled. This is will
+ * have no false positives, but may have false negatives. */
+static int fiber_cannot_be_marshalled(JanetFiber *fiber) {
+    if (janet_fiber_status(fiber) == JANET_STATUS_ALIVE) return 1;
+    int32_t i = fiber->frame;
+    while (i > 0) {
+        JanetStackFrame *frame = (JanetStackFrame *)(fiber->data + i - JANET_FRAME_SIZE);
+        if (!frame->func) return 1; /* has cfunction on stack */
+        i = frame->prevframe;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
 /* Marshal a function env */
 static void marshal_one_env(MarshalState *st, JanetFuncEnv *env, int flags) {
     MARSH_STACKCHECK;
@@ -190,7 +217,9 @@ static void marshal_one_env(MarshalState *st, JanetFuncEnv *env, int flags) {
     }
     janet_env_valid(env);
     janet_v_push(st->seen_envs, env);
-    if (env->offset > 0 && (JANET_STATUS_ALIVE == janet_fiber_status(env->as.fiber))) {
+
+    /* Special case for early detachment */
+    if (env->offset > 0 && fiber_cannot_be_marshalled(env->as.fiber)) {
         pushint(st, 0);
         pushint(st, env->length);
         Janet *values = env->as.fiber->data + env->offset;
@@ -239,6 +268,7 @@ static void marshal_one_def(MarshalState *st, JanetFuncDef *def, int flags) {
     }
     /* Add to lookup */
     janet_v_push(st->seen_defs, def);
+
     pushint(st, def->flags);
     pushint(st, def->slotcount);
     pushint(st, def->arity);
@@ -250,6 +280,8 @@ static void marshal_one_def(MarshalState *st, JanetFuncDef *def, int flags) {
         pushint(st, def->environments_length);
     if (def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASDEFS)
         pushint(st, def->defs_length);
+    if (def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASSYMBOLMAP)
+        pushint(st, def->symbolmap_length);
     if (def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASNAME)
         marshal_one(st, janet_wrap_string(def->name), flags);
     if (def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASSOURCE)
@@ -257,7 +289,15 @@ static void marshal_one_def(MarshalState *st, JanetFuncDef *def, int flags) {
 
     /* marshal constants */
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < def->constants_length; i++)
-        marshal_one(st, def->constants[i], flags);
+        marshal_one(st, def->constants[i], flags + 1);
+
+    /* Marshal symbol map, if needed */
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < def->symbolmap_length; i++) {
+        pushint(st, (int32_t) def->symbolmap[i].birth_pc);
+        pushint(st, (int32_t) def->symbolmap[i].death_pc);
+        pushint(st, (int32_t) def->symbolmap[i].slot_index);
+        marshal_one(st, janet_wrap_symbol(def->symbolmap[i].symbol), flags + 1);
+    }
 
     /* marshal the bytecode */
     janet_marshal_u32s(st, def->bytecode, def->bytecode_length);
@@ -268,7 +308,7 @@ static void marshal_one_def(MarshalState *st, JanetFuncDef *def, int flags) {
 
     /* marshal the sub funcdefs if needed */
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < def->defs_length; i++)
-        marshal_one_def(st, def->defs[i], flags);
+        marshal_one_def(st, def->defs[i], flags + 1);
 
     /* marshal source maps if needed */
     if (def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASSOURCEMAP) {
@@ -310,7 +350,7 @@ static void marshal_one_fiber(MarshalState *st, JanetFiber *fiber, int flags) {
     while (i > 0) {
         JanetStackFrame *frame = (JanetStackFrame *)(fiber->data + i - JANET_FRAME_SIZE);
         if (frame->env) frame->flags |= JANET_STACKFRAME_HASENV;
-        if (!frame->func) janet_panic("cannot marshal fiber with c stackframe");
+        if (!frame->func) janet_panicf("cannot marshal fiber with c stackframe (%v)", janet_wrap_cfunction((JanetCFunction) frame->pc));
         pushint(st, frame->flags);
         pushint(st, frame->prevframe);
         int32_t pcdiff = (int32_t)(frame->pc - frame->func->def->bytecode);
@@ -345,6 +385,15 @@ void janet_marshal_int(JanetMarshalContext *ctx, int32_t value) {
     pushint(st, value);
 }
 
+/* Only use in unsafe - don't marshal pointers otherwise */
+void janet_marshal_ptr(JanetMarshalContext *ctx, const void *ptr) {
+    if (!(ctx->flags & JANET_MARSHAL_UNSAFE)) {
+        janet_panic("can only marshal pointers in unsafe mode");
+    }
+    MarshalState *st = (MarshalState *)(ctx->m_state);
+    pushpointer(st, ptr);
+}
+
 void janet_marshal_byte(JanetMarshalContext *ctx, uint8_t value) {
     MarshalState *st = (MarshalState *)(ctx->m_state);
     pushbyte(st, value);
@@ -361,16 +410,27 @@ void janet_marshal_janet(JanetMarshalContext *ctx, Janet x) {
     marshal_one(st, x, ctx->flags + 1);
 }
 
+#ifdef JANET_MARSHAL_DEBUG
+#define MARK_SEEN() \
+    do { if (st->maybe_cycles) { \
+        Janet _check = janet_table_get(&st->seen, x); \
+        if (!janet_checktype(_check, JANET_NIL)) janet_eprintf("double MARK_SEEN on %v\n", x); \
+        janet_eprintf("made reference %d (%t) to %v\n", st->nextid, x, x); \
+        janet_table_put(&st->seen, x, janet_wrap_integer(st->nextid++)); \
+    } } while (0)
+#else
+#define MARK_SEEN() \
+    do { if (st->maybe_cycles) { \
+        janet_table_put(&st->seen, x, janet_wrap_integer(st->nextid++)); \
+    } } while (0)
+#endif
+
 void janet_marshal_abstract(JanetMarshalContext *ctx, void *abstract) {
     MarshalState *st = (MarshalState *)(ctx->m_state);
-    janet_table_put(&st->seen,
-                    janet_wrap_abstract(abstract),
-                    janet_wrap_integer(st->nextid++));
+    Janet x = janet_wrap_abstract(abstract);
+    MARK_SEEN();
 }
 
-#define MARK_SEEN() \
-    janet_table_put(&st->seen, x, janet_wrap_integer(st->nextid++))
-
 static void marshal_one_abstract(MarshalState *st, Janet x, int flags) {
     void *abstract = janet_unwrap_abstract(x);
 #ifdef JANET_EV
@@ -392,7 +452,7 @@ static void marshal_one_abstract(MarshalState *st, Janet x, int flags) {
     if (at->marshal) {
         pushbyte(st, LB_ABSTRACT);
         marshal_one(st, janet_csymbolv(at->name), flags + 1);
-        JanetMarshalContext context = {st, NULL, flags, NULL, at};
+        JanetMarshalContext context = {st, NULL, flags + 1, NULL, at};
         at->marshal(abstract, &context);
     } else {
         janet_panicf("cannot marshal %p", x);
@@ -427,11 +487,14 @@ static void marshal_one(MarshalState *st, Janet x, int flags) {
 
     /* Check reference and registry value */
     {
-        Janet check = janet_table_get(&st->seen, x);
-        if (janet_checkint(check)) {
-            pushbyte(st, LB_REFERENCE);
-            pushint(st, janet_unwrap_integer(check));
-            return;
+        Janet check;
+        if (st->maybe_cycles) {
+            check = janet_table_get(&st->seen, x);
+            if (janet_checkint(check)) {
+                pushbyte(st, LB_REFERENCE);
+                pushint(st, janet_unwrap_integer(check));
+                return;
+            }
         }
         if (st->rreg) {
             check = janet_table_get(st->rreg, x);
@@ -494,6 +557,16 @@ static void marshal_one(MarshalState *st, Janet x, int flags) {
             JanetBuffer *buffer = janet_unwrap_buffer(x);
             /* Record reference */
             MARK_SEEN();
+#ifdef JANET_EV
+            if ((flags & JANET_MARSHAL_UNSAFE) &&
+                    (buffer->gc.flags & JANET_BUFFER_FLAG_NO_REALLOC)) {
+                pushbyte(st, LB_POINTER_BUFFER);
+                pushint(st, buffer->count);
+                pushint(st, buffer->capacity);
+                pushpointer(st, buffer->data);
+                return;
+            }
+#endif
             pushbyte(st, LB_BUFFER);
             pushint(st, buffer->count);
             pushbytes(st, buffer->data, buffer->count);
@@ -503,7 +576,8 @@ static void marshal_one(MarshalState *st, Janet x, int flags) {
             int32_t i;
             JanetArray *a = janet_unwrap_array(x);
             MARK_SEEN();
-            pushbyte(st, LB_ARRAY);
+            enum JanetMemoryType memtype = janet_gc_type(a);
+            pushbyte(st, memtype == JANET_MEMORY_ARRAY_WEAK ? LB_ARRAY_WEAK : LB_ARRAY);
             pushint(st, a->count);
             for (i = 0; i < a->count; i++)
                 marshal_one(st, a->data[i], flags + 1);
@@ -526,7 +600,16 @@ static void marshal_one(MarshalState *st, Janet x, int flags) {
         case JANET_TABLE: {
             JanetTable *t = janet_unwrap_table(x);
             MARK_SEEN();
-            pushbyte(st, t->proto ? LB_TABLE_PROTO : LB_TABLE);
+            enum JanetMemoryType memtype = janet_gc_type(t);
+            if (memtype == JANET_MEMORY_TABLE_WEAKK) {
+                pushbyte(st, t->proto ? LB_TABLE_WEAKK_PROTO : LB_TABLE_WEAKK);
+            } else if (memtype == JANET_MEMORY_TABLE_WEAKV) {
+                pushbyte(st, t->proto ? LB_TABLE_WEAKV_PROTO : LB_TABLE_WEAKV);
+            } else if (memtype == JANET_MEMORY_TABLE_WEAKKV) {
+                pushbyte(st, t->proto ? LB_TABLE_WEAKKV_PROTO : LB_TABLE_WEAKKV);
+            } else {
+                pushbyte(st, t->proto ? LB_TABLE_PROTO : LB_TABLE);
+            }
             pushint(st, t->count);
             if (t->proto)
                 marshal_one(st, janet_wrap_table(t->proto), flags + 1);
@@ -542,8 +625,10 @@ static void marshal_one(MarshalState *st, Janet x, int flags) {
             int32_t count;
             const JanetKV *struct_ = janet_unwrap_struct(x);
             count = janet_struct_length(struct_);
-            pushbyte(st, LB_STRUCT);
+            pushbyte(st, janet_struct_proto(struct_) ? LB_STRUCT_PROTO : LB_STRUCT);
             pushint(st, count);
+            if (janet_struct_proto(struct_))
+                marshal_one(st, janet_wrap_struct(janet_struct_proto(struct_)), flags + 1);
             for (int32_t i = 0; i < janet_struct_capacity(struct_); i++) {
                 if (janet_checktype(struct_[i].key, JANET_NIL))
                     continue;
@@ -587,8 +672,7 @@ static void marshal_one(MarshalState *st, Janet x, int flags) {
             if (!(flags & JANET_MARSHAL_UNSAFE)) goto no_registry;
             MARK_SEEN();
             pushbyte(st, LB_UNSAFE_POINTER);
-            void *ptr = janet_unwrap_pointer(x);
-            pushbytes(st, (uint8_t *) &ptr, sizeof(void *));
+            pushpointer(st, janet_unwrap_pointer(x));
             return;
         }
     no_registry:
@@ -610,6 +694,7 @@ void janet_marshal(
     st.seen_defs = NULL;
     st.seen_envs = NULL;
     st.rreg = rreg;
+    st.maybe_cycles = !(flags & JANET_MARSHAL_NO_CYCLES);
     janet_table_init(&st.seen, 0);
     marshal_one(&st, x, flags);
     janet_table_deinit(&st.seen);
@@ -694,9 +779,22 @@ static uint64_t read64(UnmarshalState *st, const uint8_t **atdata) {
     return ret;
 }
 
+#ifdef JANET_MARSHAL_DEBUG
+static void dump_reference_table(UnmarshalState *st) {
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < janet_v_count(st->lookup); i++) {
+        janet_eprintf("  reference %d (%t) = %v\n", i, st->lookup[i], st->lookup[i]);
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
 /* Assert a janet type */
-static void janet_asserttype(Janet x, JanetType t) {
+static void janet_asserttype(Janet x, JanetType t, UnmarshalState *st) {
     if (!janet_checktype(x, t)) {
+#ifdef JANET_MARSHAL_DEBUG
+        dump_reference_table(st);
+#else
+        (void) st;
+#endif
         janet_panicf("expected type %T, got %v", 1 << t, x);
     }
 }
@@ -748,7 +846,7 @@ static const uint8_t *unmarshal_one_env(
             Janet fiberv;
             /* On stack variant */
             data = unmarshal_one(st, data, &fiberv, flags);
-            janet_asserttype(fiberv, JANET_FIBER);
+            janet_asserttype(fiberv, JANET_FIBER, st);
             env->as.fiber = janet_unwrap_fiber(fiberv);
             /* Negative offset indicates untrusted input */
             env->offset = -offset;
@@ -814,6 +912,8 @@ static const uint8_t *unmarshal_one_def(
         def->constants = NULL;
         def->bytecode = NULL;
         def->sourcemap = NULL;
+        def->symbolmap = NULL;
+        def->symbolmap_length = 0;
         janet_v_push(st->lookup_defs, def);
 
         /* Set default lengths to zero */
@@ -821,6 +921,7 @@ static const uint8_t *unmarshal_one_def(
         int32_t constants_length = 0;
         int32_t environments_length = 0;
         int32_t defs_length = 0;
+        int32_t symbolmap_length = 0;
 
         /* Read flags and other fixed values */
         def->flags = readint(st, &data);
@@ -836,18 +937,20 @@ static const uint8_t *unmarshal_one_def(
             environments_length = readnat(st, &data);
         if (def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASDEFS)
             defs_length = readnat(st, &data);
+        if (def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASSYMBOLMAP)
+            symbolmap_length = readnat(st, &data);
 
         /* Check name and source (optional) */
         if (def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASNAME) {
             Janet x;
             data = unmarshal_one(st, data, &x, flags + 1);
-            janet_asserttype(x, JANET_STRING);
+            janet_asserttype(x, JANET_STRING, st);
             def->name = janet_unwrap_string(x);
         }
         if (def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASSOURCE) {
             Janet x;
             data = unmarshal_one(st, data, &x, flags + 1);
-            janet_asserttype(x, JANET_STRING);
+            janet_asserttype(x, JANET_STRING, st);
             def->source = janet_unwrap_string(x);
         }
 
@@ -864,6 +967,27 @@ static const uint8_t *unmarshal_one_def(
         }
         def->constants_length = constants_length;
 
+        /* Unmarshal symbol map, if needed */
+        if (def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASSYMBOLMAP) {
+            size_t size = sizeof(JanetSymbolMap) * symbolmap_length;
+            def->symbolmap = janet_malloc(size);
+            if (def->symbolmap == NULL) {
+                JANET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+            }
+            for (int32_t i = 0; i < symbolmap_length; i++) {
+                def->symbolmap[i].birth_pc = (uint32_t) readint(st, &data);
+                def->symbolmap[i].death_pc = (uint32_t) readint(st, &data);
+                def->symbolmap[i].slot_index = (uint32_t) readint(st, &data);
+                Janet value;
+                data = unmarshal_one(st, data, &value, flags + 1);
+                if (!janet_checktype(value, JANET_SYMBOL)) {
+                    janet_panicf("corrupted symbolmap when unmarshalling debug info, got %v", value);
+                }
+                def->symbolmap[i].symbol = janet_unwrap_symbol(value);
+            }
+            def->symbolmap_length = (uint32_t) symbolmap_length;
+        }
+
         /* Unmarshal bytecode */
         def->bytecode = janet_malloc(sizeof(uint32_t) * bytecode_length);
         if (!def->bytecode) {
@@ -956,9 +1080,11 @@ static const uint8_t *unmarshal_one_fiber(
     fiber->env = NULL;
     fiber->last_value = janet_wrap_nil();
 #ifdef JANET_EV
-    fiber->waiting = NULL;
     fiber->sched_id = 0;
     fiber->supervisor_channel = NULL;
+    fiber->ev_state = NULL;
+    fiber->ev_callback = NULL;
+    fiber->ev_stream = NULL;
 #endif
 
     /* Push fiber to seen stack */
@@ -1007,7 +1133,7 @@ static const uint8_t *unmarshal_one_fiber(
         /* Get function */
         Janet funcv;
         data = unmarshal_one(st, data, &funcv, flags + 1);
-        janet_asserttype(funcv, JANET_FUNCTION);
+        janet_asserttype(funcv, JANET_FUNCTION, st);
         func = janet_unwrap_function(funcv);
         def = func->def;
 
@@ -1053,7 +1179,7 @@ static const uint8_t *unmarshal_one_fiber(
         Janet envv;
         fiber_flags &= ~JANET_FIBER_FLAG_HASENV;
         data = unmarshal_one(st, data, &envv, flags + 1);
-        janet_asserttype(envv, JANET_TABLE);
+        janet_asserttype(envv, JANET_TABLE, st);
         fiber_env = janet_unwrap_table(envv);
     }
 
@@ -1062,7 +1188,7 @@ static const uint8_t *unmarshal_one_fiber(
         Janet fiberv;
         fiber_flags &= ~JANET_FIBER_FLAG_HASCHILD;
         data = unmarshal_one(st, data, &fiberv, flags + 1);
-        janet_asserttype(fiberv, JANET_FIBER);
+        janet_asserttype(fiberv, JANET_FIBER, st);
         fiber->child = janet_unwrap_fiber(fiberv);
     }
 
@@ -1106,6 +1232,18 @@ int64_t janet_unmarshal_int64(JanetMarshalContext *ctx) {
     return read64(st, &(ctx->data));
 }
 
+void *janet_unmarshal_ptr(JanetMarshalContext *ctx) {
+    if (!(ctx->flags & JANET_MARSHAL_UNSAFE)) {
+        janet_panic("can only unmarshal pointers in unsafe mode");
+    }
+    UnmarshalState *st = (UnmarshalState *)(ctx->u_state);
+    void *ptr;
+    MARSH_EOS(st, ctx->data + sizeof(void *) - 1);
+    memcpy((char *) &ptr, ctx->data, sizeof(void *));
+    ctx->data += sizeof(void *);
+    return ptr;
+}
+
 uint8_t janet_unmarshal_byte(JanetMarshalContext *ctx) {
     UnmarshalState *st = (UnmarshalState *)(ctx->u_state);
     MARSH_EOS(st, ctx->data);
@@ -1141,6 +1279,18 @@ void *janet_unmarshal_abstract(JanetMarshalContext *ctx, size_t size) {
     return p;
 }
 
+void *janet_unmarshal_abstract_threaded(JanetMarshalContext *ctx, size_t size) {
+#ifdef JANET_THREADS
+    void *p = janet_abstract_threaded(ctx->at, size);
+    janet_unmarshal_abstract_reuse(ctx, p);
+    return p;
+#else
+    (void) ctx;
+    (void) size;
+    janet_panic("threaded abstracts not supported");
+#endif
+}
+
 static const uint8_t *unmarshal_one_abstract(UnmarshalState *st, const uint8_t *data, Janet *out, int flags) {
     Janet key;
     data = unmarshal_one(st, data, &key, flags + 1);
@@ -1148,7 +1298,9 @@ static const uint8_t *unmarshal_one_abstract(UnmarshalState *st, const uint8_t *
     if (at == NULL) janet_panic("unknown abstract type");
     if (at->unmarshal) {
         JanetMarshalContext context = {NULL, st, flags, data, at};
-        *out = janet_wrap_abstract(at->unmarshal(&context));
+        void *abst = at->unmarshal(&context);
+        janet_assert(abst != NULL, "null pointer abstract");
+        *out = janet_wrap_abstract(abst);
         if (context.at != NULL) {
             janet_panic("janet_unmarshal_abstract not called");
         }
@@ -1249,7 +1401,7 @@ static const uint8_t *unmarshal_one(
         }
         case LB_FIBER: {
             JanetFiber *fiber;
-            data = unmarshal_one_fiber(st, data + 1, &fiber, flags);
+            data = unmarshal_one_fiber(st, data + 1, &fiber, flags + 1);
             *out = janet_wrap_fiber(fiber);
             return data;
         }
@@ -1264,6 +1416,9 @@ static const uint8_t *unmarshal_one(
             func = janet_gcalloc(JANET_MEMORY_FUNCTION, sizeof(JanetFunction) +
                                  len * sizeof(JanetFuncEnv));
             func->def = NULL;
+            for (int32_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+                func->envs[i] = NULL;
+            }
             *out = janet_wrap_function(func);
             janet_v_push(st->lookup, *out);
             data = unmarshal_one_def(st, data, &def, flags + 1);
@@ -1279,10 +1434,18 @@ static const uint8_t *unmarshal_one(
         }
         case LB_REFERENCE:
         case LB_ARRAY:
+        case LB_ARRAY_WEAK:
         case LB_TUPLE:
         case LB_STRUCT:
+        case LB_STRUCT_PROTO:
         case LB_TABLE:
         case LB_TABLE_PROTO:
+        case LB_TABLE_WEAKK:
+        case LB_TABLE_WEAKV:
+        case LB_TABLE_WEAKKV:
+        case LB_TABLE_WEAKK_PROTO:
+        case LB_TABLE_WEAKV_PROTO:
+        case LB_TABLE_WEAKKV_PROTO:
             /* Things that open with integers */
         {
             data++;
@@ -1291,9 +1454,9 @@ static const uint8_t *unmarshal_one(
             if (lead != LB_REFERENCE) {
                 MARSH_EOS(st, data - 1 + len);
             }
-            if (lead == LB_ARRAY) {
+            if (lead == LB_ARRAY || lead == LB_ARRAY_WEAK) {
                 /* Array */
-                JanetArray *array = janet_array(len);
+                JanetArray *array = (lead == LB_ARRAY_WEAK) ? janet_array_weak(len) : janet_array(len);
                 array->count = len;
                 *out = janet_wrap_array(array);
                 janet_v_push(st->lookup, *out);
@@ -1310,9 +1473,15 @@ static const uint8_t *unmarshal_one(
                 }
                 *out = janet_wrap_tuple(janet_tuple_end(tup));
                 janet_v_push(st->lookup, *out);
-            } else if (lead == LB_STRUCT) {
+            } else if (lead == LB_STRUCT || lead == LB_STRUCT_PROTO) {
                 /* Struct */
                 JanetKV *struct_ = janet_struct_begin(len);
+                if (lead == LB_STRUCT_PROTO) {
+                    Janet proto;
+                    data = unmarshal_one(st, data, &proto, flags + 1);
+                    janet_asserttype(proto, JANET_STRUCT, st);
+                    janet_struct_proto(struct_) = janet_unwrap_struct(proto);
+                }
                 for (int32_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                     Janet key, value;
                     data = unmarshal_one(st, data, &key, flags + 1);
@@ -1327,13 +1496,22 @@ static const uint8_t *unmarshal_one(
                 *out = st->lookup[len];
             } else {
                 /* Table */
-                JanetTable *t = janet_table(len);
+                JanetTable *t;
+                if (lead == LB_TABLE_WEAKK_PROTO || lead == LB_TABLE_WEAKK) {
+                    t = janet_table_weakk(len);
+                } else if (lead == LB_TABLE_WEAKV_PROTO || lead == LB_TABLE_WEAKV) {
+                    t = janet_table_weakv(len);
+                } else if (lead == LB_TABLE_WEAKKV_PROTO || lead == LB_TABLE_WEAKKV) {
+                    t = janet_table_weakkv(len);
+                } else {
+                    t = janet_table(len);
+                }
                 *out = janet_wrap_table(t);
                 janet_v_push(st->lookup, *out);
-                if (lead == LB_TABLE_PROTO) {
+                if (lead == LB_TABLE_PROTO || lead == LB_TABLE_WEAKK_PROTO || lead == LB_TABLE_WEAKV_PROTO || lead == LB_TABLE_WEAKKV_PROTO) {
                     Janet proto;
                     data = unmarshal_one(st, data, &proto, flags + 1);
-                    janet_asserttype(proto, JANET_TABLE);
+                    janet_asserttype(proto, JANET_TABLE, st);
                     t->proto = janet_unwrap_table(proto);
                 }
                 for (int32_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
@@ -1363,6 +1541,29 @@ static const uint8_t *unmarshal_one(
             janet_v_push(st->lookup, *out);
             return data;
         }
+#ifdef JANET_EV
+        case LB_POINTER_BUFFER: {
+            data++;
+            int32_t count = readnat(st, &data);
+            int32_t capacity = readnat(st, &data);
+            MARSH_EOS(st, data + sizeof(void *));
+            union {
+                void *ptr;
+                uint8_t bytes[sizeof(void *)];
+            } u;
+            if (!(flags & JANET_MARSHAL_UNSAFE)) {
+                janet_panicf("unsafe flag not given, "
+                             "will not unmarshal raw pointer at index %d",
+                             (int)(data - st->start));
+            }
+            memcpy(u.bytes, data, sizeof(void *));
+            data += sizeof(void *);
+            JanetBuffer *buffer = janet_pointer_buffer_unsafe(u.ptr, capacity, count);
+            *out = janet_wrap_buffer(buffer);
+            janet_v_push(st->lookup, *out);
+            return data;
+        }
+#endif
         case LB_UNSAFE_CFUNCTION: {
             MARSH_EOS(st, data + sizeof(JanetCFunction));
             data++;
@@ -1461,16 +1662,17 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_env_lookup,
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_marshal,
-              "(marshal x &opt reverse-lookup buffer)",
+              "(marshal x &opt reverse-lookup buffer no-cycles)",
               "Marshal a value into a buffer and return the buffer. The buffer "
               "can then later be unmarshalled to reconstruct the initial value. "
               "Optionally, one can pass in a reverse lookup table to not marshal "
               "aliased values that are found in the table. Then a forward "
               "lookup table can be used to recover the original value when "
               "unmarshalling.") {
-    janet_arity(argc, 1, 3);
+    janet_arity(argc, 1, 4);
     JanetBuffer *buffer;
     JanetTable *rreg = NULL;
+    uint32_t flags = 0;
     if (argc > 1) {
         rreg = janet_gettable(argv, 1);
     }
@@ -1479,7 +1681,10 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_marshal,
     } else {
         buffer = janet_buffer(10);
     }
-    janet_marshal(buffer, argv[0], rreg, 0);
+    if (argc > 3 && janet_truthy(argv[3])) {
+        flags |= JANET_MARSHAL_NO_CYCLES;
+    }
+    janet_marshal(buffer, argv[0], rreg, flags);
     return janet_wrap_buffer(buffer);
 }
 

src/core/math.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -85,10 +85,10 @@ void janet_rng_longseed(JanetRNG *rng, const uint8_t *bytes, int32_t len) {
     uint8_t state[16] = {0};
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
         state[i & 0xF] ^= bytes[i];
-    rng->a = state[0] + (state[1] << 8) + (state[2] << 16) + (state[3] << 24);
-    rng->b = state[4] + (state[5] << 8) + (state[6] << 16) + (state[7] << 24);
-    rng->c = state[8] + (state[9] << 8) + (state[10] << 16) + (state[11] << 24);
-    rng->d = state[12] + (state[13] << 8) + (state[14] << 16) + (state[15] << 24);
+    rng->a = state[0] + ((uint32_t) state[1] << 8) + ((uint32_t) state[2] << 16) + ((uint32_t) state[3] << 24);
+    rng->b = state[4] + ((uint32_t) state[5] << 8) + ((uint32_t) state[6] << 16) + ((uint32_t) state[7] << 24);
+    rng->c = state[8] + ((uint32_t) state[9] << 8) + ((uint32_t) state[10] << 16) + ((uint32_t) state[11] << 24);
+    rng->d = state[12] + ((uint32_t) state[13] << 8) + ((uint32_t) state[14] << 16) + ((uint32_t) state[15] << 24);
     rng->counter = 0u;
     /* a, b, c, d can't all be 0 */
     if (rng->a == 0) rng->a = 1u;
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ double janet_rng_double(JanetRNG *rng) {
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_rng_make,
               "(math/rng &opt seed)",
-              "Creates a Psuedo-Random number generator, with an optional seed. "
+              "Creates a Pseudo-Random number generator, with an optional seed. "
               "The seed should be an unsigned 32 bit integer or a buffer. "
               "Do not use this for cryptography. Returns a core/rng abstract type."
              ) {
@@ -150,8 +150,8 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_rng_uniform,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_rng_int,
               "(math/rng-int rng &opt max)",
-              "Extract a random random integer in the range [0, max] from the RNG. If "
-              "no max is given, the default is 2^31 - 1."
+              "Extract a random integer in the range [0, max) for max > 0 from the RNG.  "
+              "If max is 0, return 0.  If no max is given, the default is 2^31 - 1."
              ) {
     janet_arity(argc, 1, 2);
     JanetRNG *rng = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_rng_type);
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ static Janet janet_rng_next(void *p, Janet key) {
 /* Get a random number */
 JANET_CORE_FN(janet_rand,
               "(math/random)",
-              "Returns a uniformly distributed random number between 0 and 1") {
+              "Returns a uniformly distributed random number between 0 and 1.") {
     (void) argv;
     janet_fixarity(argc, 0);
     return janet_wrap_number(janet_rng_double(&janet_vm.rng));
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(janet_rand,
 /* Seed the random number generator */
 JANET_CORE_FN(janet_srand,
               "(math/seedrandom seed)",
-              "Set the seed for the random number generator. seed should be "
+              "Set the seed for the random number generator. `seed` should be "
               "an integer or a buffer."
              ) {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
@@ -254,42 +254,45 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(janet_srand,
     return janet_wrap_nil();
 }
 
-#define JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(name, fop, doc)\
-JANET_CORE_FN(janet_##name, "(math/" #name " x)", doc) {\
+#define JANET_DEFINE_NAMED_MATHOP(janet_name, fop, doc)\
+JANET_CORE_FN(janet_##fop, "(math/" janet_name " x)", doc) {\
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1); \
     double x = janet_getnumber(argv, 0); \
     return janet_wrap_number(fop(x)); \
 }
 
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(acos, acos, "Returns the arccosize of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(asin, asin, "Returns the arcsin of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(atan, atan, "Returns the arctangent of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(cos, cos, "Returns the cosine of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(cosh, cosh, "Returns the hyperbolic cosine of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(acosh, acosh, "Returns the hyperbolic arccosine of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(sin, sin, "Returns the sine of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(sinh, sinh, "Returns the hyperbolic sine of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(asinh, asinh, "Returns the hypberbolic arcsine of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(tan, tan, "Returns the tangent of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(tanh, tanh, "Returns the hyperbolic tangent of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(atanh, atanh, "Returns the hyperbolic arctangent of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(exp, exp, "Returns e to the power of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(exp2, exp2, "Returns 2 to the power of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(expm1, expm1, "Returns e to the power of x minus 1.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(log, log, "Returns the natural logarithm of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(log10, log10, "Returns the log base 10 of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(log2, log2, "Returns the log base 2 of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(sqrt, sqrt, "Returns the square root of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(cbrt, cbrt, "Returns the cube root of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(ceil, ceil, "Returns the smallest integer value number that is not less than x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(fabs, fabs, "Return the absolute value of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(floor, floor, "Returns the largest integer value number that is not greater than x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(trunc, trunc, "Returns the integer between x and 0 nearest to x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(round, round, "Returns the integer nearest to x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(gamma, lgamma, "Returns gamma(x).")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(log1p, log1p, "Returns (log base e of x) + 1 more accurately than (+ (math/log x) 1)")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(erf, erf, "Returns the error function of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(erfc, erfc, "Returns the complementary error function of x.")
+#define JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(fop, doc) JANET_DEFINE_NAMED_MATHOP(#fop, fop, doc)
+
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(acos, "Returns the arccosine of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(asin, "Returns the arcsin of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(atan, "Returns the arctangent of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(cos, "Returns the cosine of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(cosh, "Returns the hyperbolic cosine of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(acosh, "Returns the hyperbolic arccosine of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(sin, "Returns the sine of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(sinh, "Returns the hyperbolic sine of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(asinh, "Returns the hyperbolic arcsine of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(tan, "Returns the tangent of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(tanh, "Returns the hyperbolic tangent of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(atanh, "Returns the hyperbolic arctangent of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(exp, "Returns e to the power of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(exp2, "Returns 2 to the power of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(expm1, "Returns e to the power of x minus 1.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(log, "Returns the natural logarithm of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(log10, "Returns the log base 10 of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(log2, "Returns the log base 2 of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(sqrt, "Returns the square root of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(cbrt, "Returns the cube root of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(ceil, "Returns the smallest integer value number that is not less than x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(floor, "Returns the largest integer value number that is not greater than x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(trunc, "Returns the integer between x and 0 nearest to x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(round, "Returns the integer nearest to x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(log1p, "Returns (log base e of x) + 1 more accurately than (+ (math/log x) 1)")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(erf, "Returns the error function of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(erfc, "Returns the complementary error function of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_NAMED_MATHOP("log-gamma", lgamma, "Returns log-gamma(x).")
+JANET_DEFINE_NAMED_MATHOP("abs", fabs, "Return the absolute value of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_NAMED_MATHOP("gamma", tgamma, "Returns gamma(x).")
 
 #define JANET_DEFINE_MATH2OP(name, fop, signature, doc)\
 JANET_CORE_FN(janet_##name, signature, doc) {\
@@ -302,13 +305,69 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(janet_##name, signature, doc) {\
 JANET_DEFINE_MATH2OP(atan2, atan2, "(math/atan2 y x)", "Returns the arctangent of y/x. Works even when x is 0.")
 JANET_DEFINE_MATH2OP(pow, pow, "(math/pow a x)", "Returns a to the power of x.")
 JANET_DEFINE_MATH2OP(hypot, hypot, "(math/hypot a b)", "Returns c from the equation c^2 = a^2 + b^2.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATH2OP(nextafter, nextafter,  "(math/next x y)", "Returns the next representable floating point vaue after x in the direction of y.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATH2OP(nextafter, nextafter,  "(math/next x y)", "Returns the next representable floating point value after x in the direction of y.")
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(janet_not, "(not x)", "Returns the boolean inverse of x.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     return janet_wrap_boolean(!janet_truthy(argv[0]));
 }
 
+static double janet_gcd(double x, double y) {
+    if (isnan(x) || isnan(y)) {
+#ifdef NAN
+        return NAN;
+#else
+        return 0.0 / 0.0;
+#endif
+    }
+    if (isinf(x) || isinf(y)) return INFINITY;
+    while (y != 0) {
+        double temp = y;
+        y = fmod(x, y);
+        x = temp;
+    }
+    return x;
+}
+
+static double janet_lcm(double x, double y) {
+    return (x / janet_gcd(x, y)) * y;
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(janet_cfun_gcd, "(math/gcd x y)",
+              "Returns the greatest common divisor between x and y.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 2);
+    double x = janet_getnumber(argv, 0);
+    double y = janet_getnumber(argv, 1);
+    return janet_wrap_number(janet_gcd(x, y));
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(janet_cfun_lcm, "(math/lcm x y)",
+              "Returns the least common multiple of x and y.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 2);
+    double x = janet_getnumber(argv, 0);
+    double y = janet_getnumber(argv, 1);
+    return janet_wrap_number(janet_lcm(x, y));
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(janet_cfun_frexp, "(math/frexp x)",
+              "Returns a tuple of (mantissa, exponent) from number.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
+    double x = janet_getnumber(argv, 0);
+    int exp;
+    x = frexp(x, &exp);
+    Janet *result = janet_tuple_begin(2);
+    result[0] = janet_wrap_number(x);
+    result[1] = janet_wrap_number((double) exp);
+    return janet_wrap_tuple(janet_tuple_end(result));
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(janet_cfun_ldexp, "(math/ldexp m e)",
+              "Creates a new number from a mantissa and an exponent.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 2);
+    double x = janet_getnumber(argv, 0);
+    int32_t y = janet_getinteger(argv, 1);
+    return janet_wrap_number(ldexp(x, y));
+}
 
 /* Module entry point */
 void janet_lib_math(JanetTable *env) {
@@ -346,13 +405,18 @@ void janet_lib_math(JanetTable *env) {
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/hypot", janet_hypot),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/exp2", janet_exp2),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/log1p", janet_log1p),
-        JANET_CORE_REG("math/gamma", janet_gamma),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("math/gamma", janet_tgamma),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("math/log-gamma", janet_lgamma),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/erfc", janet_erfc),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/erf", janet_erf),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/expm1", janet_expm1),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/trunc", janet_trunc),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/round", janet_round),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/next", janet_nextafter),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("math/gcd", janet_cfun_gcd),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("math/lcm", janet_cfun_lcm),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("math/frexp", janet_cfun_frexp),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("math/ldexp", janet_cfun_ldexp),
         JANET_REG_END
     };
     janet_core_cfuns_ext(env, NULL, math_cfuns);
@@ -369,11 +433,11 @@ void janet_lib_math(JanetTable *env) {
     JANET_CORE_DEF(env, "math/int32-min", janet_wrap_number(INT32_MIN),
                    "The minimum contiguous integer representable by a 32 bit signed integer");
     JANET_CORE_DEF(env, "math/int32-max", janet_wrap_number(INT32_MAX),
-                   "The maximum contiguous integer represtenable by a 32 bit signed integer");
+                   "The maximum contiguous integer representable by a 32 bit signed integer");
     JANET_CORE_DEF(env, "math/int-min", janet_wrap_number(JANET_INTMIN_DOUBLE),
                    "The minimum contiguous integer representable by a double (2^53)");
     JANET_CORE_DEF(env, "math/int-max", janet_wrap_number(JANET_INTMAX_DOUBLE),
-                   "The maximum contiguous integer represtenable by a double (-(2^53))");
+                   "The maximum contiguous integer representable by a double (-(2^53))");
 #ifdef NAN
     JANET_CORE_DEF(env, "math/nan", janet_wrap_number(NAN), "Not a number (IEEE-754 NaN)");
 #else

src/core/net.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose and contributors.
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose and contributors.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "features.h"
 #include <janet.h>
 #include "util.h"
+#include "fiber.h"
 #endif
 
 #ifdef JANET_NET
@@ -34,9 +35,11 @@
 #include <windows.h>
 #include <ws2tcpip.h>
 #include <mswsock.h>
+#ifdef JANET_MSVC
 #pragma comment (lib, "Ws2_32.lib")
 #pragma comment (lib, "Mswsock.lib")
 #pragma comment (lib, "Advapi32.lib")
+#endif
 #else
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -76,12 +79,20 @@ const JanetAbstractType janet_address_type = {
 
 /* maximum number of bytes in a socket address host (post name resolution) */
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+#ifdef JANET_NO_IPV6
+#define SA_ADDRSTRLEN (INET_ADDRSTRLEN + 1)
+#else
 #define SA_ADDRSTRLEN (INET6_ADDRSTRLEN + 1)
+#endif
 typedef unsigned short in_port_t;
 #else
 #define JANET_SA_MAX(a, b) (((a) > (b))? (a) : (b))
+#ifdef JANET_NO_IPV6
+#define SA_ADDRSTRLEN JANET_SA_MAX(INET_ADDRSTRLEN + 1, (sizeof ((struct sockaddr_un *)0)->sun_path) + 1)
+#else
 #define SA_ADDRSTRLEN JANET_SA_MAX(INET6_ADDRSTRLEN + 1, (sizeof ((struct sockaddr_un *)0)->sun_path) + 1)
 #endif
+#endif
 
 static JanetStream *make_stream(JSock handle, uint32_t flags);
 
@@ -109,12 +120,57 @@ static void janet_net_socknoblock(JSock s) {
 #endif
 }
 
+/* State machine for async connect */
+
+void net_callback_connect(JanetFiber *fiber, JanetAsyncEvent event) {
+    JanetStream *stream = fiber->ev_stream;
+    switch (event) {
+        default:
+            break;
+#ifndef JANET_WINDOWS
+        /* Wait until we have an actual event before checking.
+         * Windows doesn't support async connect with this, just try immediately.*/
+        case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_INIT:
+#endif
+        case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_DEINIT:
+            return;
+        case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_CLOSE:
+            janet_cancel(fiber, janet_cstringv("stream closed"));
+            janet_async_end(fiber);
+            return;
+    }
+#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+    int res = 0;
+    int size = sizeof(res);
+    int r = getsockopt((SOCKET)stream->handle, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, (char *)&res, &size);
+#else
+    int res = 0;
+    socklen_t size = sizeof res;
+    int r = getsockopt(stream->handle, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &res, &size);
+#endif
+    if (r == 0) {
+        if (res == 0) {
+            janet_schedule(fiber, janet_wrap_abstract(stream));
+        } else {
+            janet_cancel(fiber, janet_cstringv(janet_strerror(res)));
+            stream->flags |= JANET_STREAM_TOCLOSE;
+        }
+    } else {
+        janet_cancel(fiber, janet_ev_lasterr());
+        stream->flags |= JANET_STREAM_TOCLOSE;
+    }
+    janet_async_end(fiber);
+}
+
+static JANET_NO_RETURN void net_sched_connect(JanetStream *stream) {
+    janet_async_start(stream, JANET_ASYNC_LISTEN_WRITE, net_callback_connect, NULL);
+}
+
 /* State machine for accepting connections. */
 
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
 
 typedef struct {
-    JanetListenerState head;
     WSAOVERLAPPED overlapped;
     JanetFunction *function;
     JanetStream *lstream;
@@ -122,72 +178,74 @@ typedef struct {
     char buf[1024];
 } NetStateAccept;
 
-static int net_sched_accept_impl(NetStateAccept *state, Janet *err);
+static int net_sched_accept_impl(NetStateAccept *state, JanetFiber *fiber, Janet *err);
 
-JanetAsyncStatus net_machine_accept(JanetListenerState *s, JanetAsyncEvent event) {
-    NetStateAccept *state = (NetStateAccept *)s;
+void net_callback_accept(JanetFiber *fiber, JanetAsyncEvent event) {
+    NetStateAccept *state = (NetStateAccept *)fiber->ev_state;
     switch (event) {
         default:
             break;
         case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_MARK: {
             if (state->lstream) janet_mark(janet_wrap_abstract(state->lstream));
             if (state->astream) janet_mark(janet_wrap_abstract(state->astream));
-            if (state->function) janet_mark(janet_wrap_abstract(state->function));
+            if (state->function) janet_mark(janet_wrap_function(state->function));
             break;
         }
         case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_CLOSE:
-            janet_schedule(s->fiber, janet_wrap_nil());
-            return JANET_ASYNC_STATUS_DONE;
+            janet_schedule(fiber, janet_wrap_nil());
+            janet_async_end(fiber);
+            return;
         case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_COMPLETE: {
-            int seconds;
-            int bytes = sizeof(seconds);
-            if (NO_ERROR != getsockopt((SOCKET) state->astream->handle, SOL_SOCKET, SO_CONNECT_TIME,
-                                       (char *)&seconds, &bytes)) {
-                janet_cancel(s->fiber, janet_cstringv("failed to accept connection"));
-                return JANET_ASYNC_STATUS_DONE;
+            if (state->astream->flags & JANET_STREAM_CLOSED) {
+                janet_cancel(fiber, janet_cstringv("failed to accept connection"));
+                janet_async_end(fiber);
+                return;
             }
+            SOCKET lsock = (SOCKET) state->lstream->handle;
             if (NO_ERROR != setsockopt((SOCKET) state->astream->handle, SOL_SOCKET, SO_UPDATE_ACCEPT_CONTEXT,
-                                       (char *) & (state->lstream->handle), sizeof(SOCKET))) {
-                janet_cancel(s->fiber, janet_cstringv("failed to accept connection"));
-                return JANET_ASYNC_STATUS_DONE;
+                                       (char *) &lsock, sizeof(lsock))) {
+                janet_cancel(fiber, janet_cstringv("failed to accept connection"));
+                janet_async_end(fiber);
+                return;
             }
 
             Janet streamv = janet_wrap_abstract(state->astream);
             if (state->function) {
                 /* Schedule worker */
-                JanetFiber *fiber = janet_fiber(state->function, 64, 1, &streamv);
-                fiber->supervisor_channel = s->fiber->supervisor_channel;
-                janet_schedule(fiber, janet_wrap_nil());
+                JanetFiber *sub_fiber = janet_fiber(state->function, 64, 1, &streamv);
+                sub_fiber->supervisor_channel = fiber->supervisor_channel;
+                janet_schedule(sub_fiber, janet_wrap_nil());
                 /* Now listen again for next connection */
                 Janet err;
-                if (net_sched_accept_impl(state, &err)) {
-                    janet_cancel(s->fiber, err);
-                    return JANET_ASYNC_STATUS_DONE;
+                if (net_sched_accept_impl(state, fiber, &err)) {
+                    janet_cancel(fiber, err);
+                    janet_async_end(fiber);
+                    return;
                 }
             } else {
-                janet_schedule(s->fiber, streamv);
-                return JANET_ASYNC_STATUS_DONE;
+                janet_schedule(fiber, streamv);
+                janet_async_end(fiber);
+                return;
             }
         }
     }
-    return JANET_ASYNC_STATUS_NOT_DONE;
 }
 
 JANET_NO_RETURN static void janet_sched_accept(JanetStream *stream, JanetFunction *fun) {
     Janet err;
-    SOCKET lsock = (SOCKET) stream->handle;
-    JanetListenerState *s = janet_listen(stream, net_machine_accept, JANET_ASYNC_LISTEN_READ, sizeof(NetStateAccept), NULL);
-    NetStateAccept *state = (NetStateAccept *)s;
+    NetStateAccept *state = janet_malloc(sizeof(NetStateAccept));
     memset(&state->overlapped, 0, sizeof(WSAOVERLAPPED));
     memset(&state->buf, 0, 1024);
     state->function = fun;
     state->lstream = stream;
-    s->tag = &state->overlapped;
-    if (net_sched_accept_impl(state, &err)) janet_panicv(err);
-    janet_await();
+    if (net_sched_accept_impl(state, janet_root_fiber(), &err)) {
+        janet_free(state);
+        janet_panicv(err);
+    }
+    janet_async_start(stream, JANET_ASYNC_LISTEN_READ, net_callback_accept, state);
 }
 
-static int net_sched_accept_impl(NetStateAccept *state, Janet *err) {
+static int net_sched_accept_impl(NetStateAccept *state, JanetFiber *fiber, Janet *err) {
     SOCKET lsock = (SOCKET) state->lstream->handle;
     SOCKET asock = WSASocketW(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP, NULL, 0, WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED);
     if (asock == INVALID_SOCKET) {
@@ -199,7 +257,11 @@ static int net_sched_accept_impl(NetStateAccept *state, Janet *err) {
     int socksize = sizeof(SOCKADDR_STORAGE) + 16;
     if (FALSE == AcceptEx(lsock, asock, state->buf, 0, socksize, socksize, NULL, &state->overlapped)) {
         int code = WSAGetLastError();
-        if (code == WSA_IO_PENDING) return 0; /* indicates io is happening async */
+        if (code == WSA_IO_PENDING) {
+            /* indicates io is happening async */
+            janet_async_in_flight(fiber);
+            return 0;
+        }
         *err = janet_ev_lasterr();
         return 1;
     }
@@ -209,12 +271,12 @@ static int net_sched_accept_impl(NetStateAccept *state, Janet *err) {
 #else
 
 typedef struct {
-    JanetListenerState head;
     JanetFunction *function;
 } NetStateAccept;
 
-JanetAsyncStatus net_machine_accept(JanetListenerState *s, JanetAsyncEvent event) {
-    NetStateAccept *state = (NetStateAccept *)s;
+void net_callback_accept(JanetFiber *fiber, JanetAsyncEvent event) {
+    JanetStream *stream = fiber->ev_stream;
+    NetStateAccept *state = (NetStateAccept *)fiber->ev_state;
     switch (event) {
         default:
             break;
@@ -223,39 +285,47 @@ JanetAsyncStatus net_machine_accept(JanetListenerState *s, JanetAsyncEvent event
             break;
         }
         case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_CLOSE:
-            janet_schedule(s->fiber, janet_wrap_nil());
-            return JANET_ASYNC_STATUS_DONE;
+            janet_schedule(fiber, janet_wrap_nil());
+            janet_async_end(fiber);
+            return;
+        case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_INIT:
         case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_READ: {
-            JSock connfd = accept(s->stream->handle, NULL, NULL);
+#if defined(JANET_LINUX)
+            JSock connfd = accept4(stream->handle, NULL, NULL, SOCK_CLOEXEC);
+#else
+            /* On BSDs, CLOEXEC should be inherited from server socket */
+            JSock connfd = accept(stream->handle, NULL, NULL);
+#endif
             if (JSOCKVALID(connfd)) {
                 janet_net_socknoblock(connfd);
                 JanetStream *stream = make_stream(connfd, JANET_STREAM_READABLE | JANET_STREAM_WRITABLE);
                 Janet streamv = janet_wrap_abstract(stream);
                 if (state->function) {
-                    JanetFiber *fiber = janet_fiber(state->function, 64, 1, &streamv);
-                    fiber->supervisor_channel = s->fiber->supervisor_channel;
-                    janet_schedule(fiber, janet_wrap_nil());
+                    JanetFiber *sub_fiber = janet_fiber(state->function, 64, 1, &streamv);
+                    sub_fiber->supervisor_channel = fiber->supervisor_channel;
+                    janet_schedule(sub_fiber, janet_wrap_nil());
                 } else {
-                    janet_schedule(s->fiber, streamv);
-                    return JANET_ASYNC_STATUS_DONE;
+                    janet_schedule(fiber, streamv);
+                    janet_async_end(fiber);
+                    return;
                 }
             }
             break;
         }
     }
-    return JANET_ASYNC_STATUS_NOT_DONE;
 }
 
 JANET_NO_RETURN static void janet_sched_accept(JanetStream *stream, JanetFunction *fun) {
-    NetStateAccept *state = (NetStateAccept *) janet_listen(stream, net_machine_accept, JANET_ASYNC_LISTEN_READ, sizeof(NetStateAccept), NULL);
+    NetStateAccept *state = janet_malloc(sizeof(NetStateAccept));
+    memset(state, 0, sizeof(NetStateAccept));
     state->function = fun;
-    janet_await();
+    if (fun) janet_stream_level_triggered(stream);
+    janet_async_start(stream, JANET_ASYNC_LISTEN_READ, net_callback_accept, state);
 }
 
-
 #endif
 
-/* Adress info */
+/* Address info */
 
 static int janet_get_sockettype(Janet *argv, int32_t argc, int32_t n) {
     JanetKeyword stype = janet_optkeyword(argv, argc, n, NULL);
@@ -330,6 +400,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_sockaddr,
               "given in the port argument. On Linux, abstract "
               "unix domain sockets are specified with a leading '@' character in port. If `multi` is truthy, will "
               "return all address that match in an array instead of just the first.") {
+    janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_NET_CONNECT); /* connect OR listen */
     janet_arity(argc, 2, 4);
     int socktype = janet_get_sockettype(argv, argc, 2);
     int is_unix = 0;
@@ -375,6 +446,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_connect,
               "to specify a connection type, either :stream or :datagram. The default is :stream. "
               "Bindhost is an optional string to select from what address to make the outgoing "
               "connection, with the default being the same as using the OS's preferred address. ") {
+    janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_NET_CONNECT);
     janet_arity(argc, 2, 5);
 
     /* Check arguments */
@@ -382,7 +454,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_connect,
     int is_unix = 0;
     char *bindhost = (char *) janet_optcstring(argv, argc, 3, NULL);
     char *bindport = NULL;
-    if (janet_checkint(argv[4])) {
+    if (argc >= 5 && janet_checkint(argv[4])) {
         bindport = (char *)janet_to_string(argv[4]);
     } else {
         bindport = (char *)janet_optcstring(argv, argc, 4, NULL);
@@ -431,7 +503,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_connect,
         struct addrinfo *rp = NULL;
         for (rp = ai; rp != NULL; rp = rp->ai_next) {
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
-            sock = WSASocketW(rp->ai_family, rp->ai_socktype | JSOCKFLAGS, rp->ai_protocol, NULL, 0, WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED);
+            sock = WSASocketW(rp->ai_family, rp->ai_socktype, rp->ai_protocol, NULL, 0, WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED);
 #else
             sock = socket(rp->ai_family, rp->ai_socktype | JSOCKFLAGS, rp->ai_protocol);
 #endif
@@ -453,7 +525,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_connect,
     if (binding) {
         struct addrinfo *rp = NULL;
         int did_bind = 0;
-        for (rp = ai; rp != NULL; rp = rp->ai_next) {
+        for (rp = binding; rp != NULL; rp = rp->ai_next) {
             if (bind(sock, rp->ai_addr, (int) rp->ai_addrlen) == 0) {
                 did_bind = 1;
                 break;
@@ -470,14 +542,23 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_connect,
         }
     }
 
+    /* Wrap socket in abstract type JanetStream */
+    JanetStream *stream = make_stream(sock, JANET_STREAM_READABLE | JANET_STREAM_WRITABLE);
+
+    /* Set up the socket for non-blocking IO before connecting */
+    janet_net_socknoblock(sock);
+
     /* Connect to socket */
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
     int status = WSAConnect(sock, addr, addrlen, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-    Janet lasterr = janet_ev_lasterr();
+    int err = WSAGetLastError();
     freeaddrinfo(ai);
 #else
-    int status = connect(sock, addr, addrlen);
-    Janet lasterr = janet_ev_lasterr();
+    int status;
+    do {
+        status = connect(sock, addr, addrlen);
+    } while (status == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+    int err = errno;
     if (is_unix) {
         janet_free(ai);
     } else {
@@ -485,30 +566,38 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_connect,
     }
 #endif
 
-    if (status == -1) {
-        JSOCKCLOSE(sock);
-        janet_panicf("could not connect socket: %V", lasterr);
+    if (status) {
+#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+        if (err != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
+#else
+        if (err != EINPROGRESS) {
+#endif
+            JSOCKCLOSE(sock);
+            Janet lasterr = janet_ev_lasterr();
+            janet_panicf("could not connect socket: %V", lasterr);
+        }
     }
 
-    /* Set up the socket for non-blocking IO after connect - TODO - non-blocking connect? */
-    janet_net_socknoblock(sock);
-
-    /* Wrap socket in abstract type JanetStream */
-    JanetStream *stream = make_stream(sock, JANET_STREAM_READABLE | JANET_STREAM_WRITABLE);
-    return janet_wrap_abstract(stream);
+    net_sched_connect(stream);
 }
 
-static const char *serverify_socket(JSock sfd) {
+static const char *serverify_socket(JSock sfd, int reuse_addr, int reuse_port) {
     /* Set various socket options */
     int enable = 1;
-    if (setsockopt(sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (char *) &enable, sizeof(int)) < 0) {
-        return "setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR) failed";
+    if (reuse_addr) {
+        if (setsockopt(sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (char *) &enable, sizeof(int)) < 0) {
+            return "setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR) failed";
+        }
     }
+    if (reuse_port) {
 #ifdef SO_REUSEPORT
-    if (setsockopt(sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, &enable, sizeof(int)) < 0) {
-        return "setsockopt(SO_REUSEPORT) failed";
-    }
+        if (setsockopt(sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, &enable, sizeof(int)) < 0) {
+            return "setsockopt(SO_REUSEPORT) failed";
+        }
+#else
+        (void) reuse_port;
 #endif
+    }
     janet_net_socknoblock(sfd);
     return NULL;
 }
@@ -562,18 +651,21 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_shutdown,
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_listen,
-              "(net/listen host port &opt type)",
+              "(net/listen host port &opt type no-reuse)",
               "Creates a server. Returns a new stream that is neither readable nor "
               "writeable. Use net/accept or net/accept-loop be to handle connections and start the server. "
               "The type parameter specifies the type of network connection, either "
               "a :stream (usually tcp), or :datagram (usually udp). If not specified, the default is "
-              ":stream. The host and port arguments are the same as in net/address.") {
-    janet_arity(argc, 2, 3);
+              ":stream. The host and port arguments are the same as in net/address. The last boolean parameter `no-reuse` will "
+              "disable the use of SO_REUSEADDR and SO_REUSEPORT when creating a server on some operating systems.") {
+    janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_NET_LISTEN);
+    janet_arity(argc, 2, 4);
 
     /* Get host, port, and handler*/
     int socktype = janet_get_sockettype(argv, argc, 2);
     int is_unix = 0;
     struct addrinfo *ai = janet_get_addrinfo(argv, 0, socktype, 1, &is_unix);
+    int reuse = !(argc >= 4 && janet_truthy(argv[3]));
 
     JSock sfd = JSOCKDEFAULT;
 #ifndef JANET_WINDOWS
@@ -583,7 +675,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_listen,
             janet_free(ai);
             janet_panicf("could not create socket: %V", janet_ev_lasterr());
         }
-        const char *err = serverify_socket(sfd);
+        const char *err = serverify_socket(sfd, reuse, 0);
         if (NULL != err || bind(sfd, (struct sockaddr *)ai, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un))) {
             JSOCKCLOSE(sfd);
             janet_free(ai);
@@ -606,7 +698,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_listen,
             sfd = socket(rp->ai_family, rp->ai_socktype | JSOCKFLAGS, rp->ai_protocol);
 #endif
             if (!JSOCKVALID(sfd)) continue;
-            const char *err = serverify_socket(sfd);
+            const char *err = serverify_socket(sfd, reuse, reuse);
             if (NULL != err) {
                 JSOCKCLOSE(sfd);
                 continue;
@@ -649,7 +741,7 @@ struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6;     // IPv6 address + port
 struct sockaddr_un *sun;       // Unix Domain Socket Address
 */
 
-/* Turn a socket address into a host, port pair (port is optional).
+/* Turn a socket address into a host, port pair.
  * For unix domain sockets, returned tuple will have only a single element, the path string. */
 static Janet janet_so_getname(const void *sa_any) {
     const struct sockaddr *sa = sa_any;
@@ -663,16 +755,18 @@ static Janet janet_so_getname(const void *sa_any) {
                 janet_panic("unable to decode ipv4 host address");
             }
             Janet pair[2] = {janet_cstringv(buffer), janet_wrap_integer(ntohs(sai->sin_port))};
-            return janet_wrap_tuple(janet_tuple_n(pair, sai->sin_port ? 2 : 1));
+            return janet_wrap_tuple(janet_tuple_n(pair, 2));
         }
+#ifndef JANET_NO_IPV6
         case AF_INET6: {
             const struct sockaddr_in6 *sai6 = sa_any;
             if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &(sai6->sin6_addr), buffer, sizeof(buffer))) {
                 janet_panic("unable to decode ipv4 host address");
             }
             Janet pair[2] = {janet_cstringv(buffer), janet_wrap_integer(ntohs(sai6->sin6_port))};
-            return janet_wrap_tuple(janet_tuple_n(pair, sai6->sin6_port ? 2 : 1));
+            return janet_wrap_tuple(janet_tuple_n(pair, 2));
         }
+#endif
 #ifndef JANET_WINDOWS
         case AF_UNIX: {
             const struct sockaddr_un *sun = sa_any;
@@ -695,13 +789,14 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_getsockname,
               "Gets the local address and port in a tuple in that order.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     JanetStream *js = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_stream_type);
+    if (js->flags & JANET_STREAM_CLOSED) janet_panic("stream closed");
     struct sockaddr_storage ss;
     socklen_t slen = sizeof(ss);
     memset(&ss, 0, slen);
     if (getsockname((JSock)js->handle, (struct sockaddr *) &ss, &slen)) {
         janet_panicf("Failed to get localname on %v: %V", argv[0], janet_ev_lasterr());
     }
-    janet_assert(slen <= sizeof(ss), "socket address truncated");
+    janet_assert(slen <= (socklen_t) sizeof(ss), "socket address truncated");
     return janet_so_getname(&ss);
 }
 
@@ -710,19 +805,20 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_getpeername,
               "Gets the remote peer's address and port in a tuple in that order.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     JanetStream *js = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_stream_type);
+    if (js->flags & JANET_STREAM_CLOSED) janet_panic("stream closed");
     struct sockaddr_storage ss;
     socklen_t slen = sizeof(ss);
     memset(&ss, 0, slen);
     if (getpeername((JSock)js->handle, (struct sockaddr *)&ss, &slen)) {
         janet_panicf("Failed to get peername on %v: %V", argv[0], janet_ev_lasterr());
     }
-    janet_assert(slen <= sizeof(ss), "socket address truncated");
+    janet_assert(slen <= (socklen_t) sizeof(ss), "socket address truncated");
     return janet_so_getname(&ss);
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_address_unpack,
               "(net/address-unpack address)",
-              "Given an address returned by net/adress, return a host, port pair. Unix domain sockets "
+              "Given an address returned by net/address, return a host, port pair. Unix domain sockets "
               "will have only the path in the returned tuple.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     struct sockaddr *sa = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_address_type);
@@ -737,13 +833,14 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_stream_accept_loop,
     JanetStream *stream = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_stream_type);
     janet_stream_flags(stream, JANET_STREAM_ACCEPTABLE | JANET_STREAM_SOCKET);
     JanetFunction *fun = janet_getfunction(argv, 1);
+    if (fun->def->min_arity < 1) janet_panic("handler function must take at least 1 argument");
     janet_sched_accept(stream, fun);
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_stream_accept,
               "(net/accept stream &opt timeout)",
               "Get the next connection on a server stream. This would usually be called in a loop in a dedicated fiber. "
-              "Takes an optional timeout in seconds, after which will return nil. "
+              "Takes an optional timeout in seconds, after which will raise an error. "
               "Returns a new duplex stream which represents a connection to the client.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 1, 2);
     JanetStream *stream = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_stream_type);
@@ -758,7 +855,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_stream_read,
               "Read up to n bytes from a stream, suspending the current fiber until the bytes are available. "
               "`n` can also be the keyword `:all` to read into the buffer until end of stream. "
               "If less than n bytes are available (and more than 0), will push those bytes and return early. "
-              "Takes an optional timeout in seconds, after which will return nil. "
+              "Takes an optional timeout in seconds, after which will raise an error. "
               "Returns a buffer with up to n more bytes in it, or raises an error if the read failed.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 2, 4);
     JanetStream *stream = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_stream_type);
@@ -773,13 +870,12 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_stream_read,
         if (to != INFINITY) janet_addtimeout(to);
         janet_ev_recv(stream, buffer, n, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
     }
-    janet_await();
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_stream_chunk,
               "(net/chunk stream nbytes &opt buf timeout)",
               "Same a net/read, but will wait for all n bytes to arrive rather than return early. "
-              "Takes an optional timeout in seconds, after which will return nil.") {
+              "Takes an optional timeout in seconds, after which will raise an error.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 2, 4);
     JanetStream *stream = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_stream_type);
     janet_stream_flags(stream, JANET_STREAM_READABLE | JANET_STREAM_SOCKET);
@@ -788,13 +884,12 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_stream_chunk,
     double to = janet_optnumber(argv, argc, 3, INFINITY);
     if (to != INFINITY) janet_addtimeout(to);
     janet_ev_recvchunk(stream, buffer, n, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
-    janet_await();
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_stream_recv_from,
-              "(net/recv-from stream nbytes buf &opt timoeut)",
+              "(net/recv-from stream nbytes buf &opt timeout)",
               "Receives data from a server stream and puts it into a buffer. Returns the socket-address the "
-              "packet came from. Takes an optional timeout in seconds, after which will return nil.") {
+              "packet came from. Takes an optional timeout in seconds, after which will raise an error.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 3, 4);
     JanetStream *stream = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_stream_type);
     janet_stream_flags(stream, JANET_STREAM_UDPSERVER | JANET_STREAM_SOCKET);
@@ -803,13 +898,12 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_stream_recv_from,
     double to = janet_optnumber(argv, argc, 3, INFINITY);
     if (to != INFINITY) janet_addtimeout(to);
     janet_ev_recvfrom(stream, buffer, n, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
-    janet_await();
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_stream_write,
               "(net/write stream data &opt timeout)",
               "Write data to a stream, suspending the current fiber until the write "
-              "completes. Takes an optional timeout in seconds, after which will return nil. "
+              "completes. Takes an optional timeout in seconds, after which will raise an error. "
               "Returns nil, or raises an error if the write failed.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 2, 3);
     JanetStream *stream = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_stream_type);
@@ -823,13 +917,12 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_stream_write,
         if (to != INFINITY) janet_addtimeout(to);
         janet_ev_send_string(stream, bytes.bytes, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
     }
-    janet_await();
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_stream_send_to,
               "(net/send-to stream dest data &opt timeout)",
               "Writes a datagram to a server stream. dest is a the destination address of the packet. "
-              "Takes an optional timeout in seconds, after which will return nil. "
+              "Takes an optional timeout in seconds, after which will raise an error. "
               "Returns stream.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 3, 4);
     JanetStream *stream = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_stream_type);
@@ -844,7 +937,6 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_stream_send_to,
         if (to != INFINITY) janet_addtimeout(to);
         janet_ev_sendto_string(stream, bytes.bytes, dest, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
     }
-    janet_await();
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_stream_flush,
@@ -862,6 +954,104 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_stream_flush,
     return argv[0];
 }
 
+struct sockopt_type {
+    const char *name;
+    int level;
+    int optname;
+    enum JanetType type;
+};
+
+/* List of supported socket options; The type JANET_POINTER is used
+ * for options that require special handling depending on the type. */
+static const struct sockopt_type sockopt_type_list[] = {
+    { "so-broadcast", SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, JANET_BOOLEAN },
+    { "so-reuseaddr", SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, JANET_BOOLEAN },
+    { "so-keepalive", SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, JANET_BOOLEAN },
+    { "ip-multicast-ttl", IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, JANET_NUMBER },
+    { "ip-add-membership", IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, JANET_POINTER },
+    { "ip-drop-membership", IPPROTO_IP, IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP, JANET_POINTER },
+#ifndef JANET_NO_IPV6
+    { "ipv6-join-group", IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_JOIN_GROUP, JANET_POINTER },
+    { "ipv6-leave-group", IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_LEAVE_GROUP, JANET_POINTER },
+#endif
+    { NULL, 0, 0, JANET_POINTER }
+};
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_setsockopt,
+              "(net/setsockopt stream option value)",
+              "set socket options.\n"
+              "\n"
+              "supported options and associated value types:\n"
+              "- :so-broadcast boolean\n"
+              "- :so-reuseaddr boolean\n"
+              "- :so-keepalive boolean\n"
+              "- :ip-multicast-ttl number\n"
+              "- :ip-add-membership string\n"
+              "- :ip-drop-membership string\n"
+              "- :ipv6-join-group string\n"
+              "- :ipv6-leave-group string\n") {
+    janet_arity(argc, 3, 3);
+    JanetStream *stream = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_stream_type);
+    janet_stream_flags(stream, JANET_STREAM_SOCKET);
+    JanetKeyword optstr = janet_getkeyword(argv, 1);
+
+    const struct sockopt_type *st = sockopt_type_list;
+    while (st->name) {
+        if (janet_cstrcmp(optstr, st->name) == 0) {
+            break;
+        }
+        st++;
+    }
+
+    if (st->name == NULL) {
+        janet_panicf("unknown socket option %q", argv[1]);
+    }
+
+    union {
+        int v_int;
+        struct ip_mreq v_mreq;
+#ifndef JANET_NO_IPV6
+        struct ipv6_mreq v_mreq6;
+#endif
+    } val;
+
+    void *optval = (void *)&val;
+    socklen_t optlen = 0;
+
+    if (st->type == JANET_BOOLEAN) {
+        val.v_int = janet_getboolean(argv, 2);
+        optlen = sizeof(val.v_int);
+    } else if (st->type == JANET_NUMBER) {
+        val.v_int = janet_getinteger(argv, 2);
+        optlen = sizeof(val.v_int);
+    } else if (st->optname == IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP || st->optname == IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP) {
+        const char *addr = janet_getcstring(argv, 2);
+        memset(&val.v_mreq, 0, sizeof val.v_mreq);
+        val.v_mreq.imr_interface.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
+        inet_pton(AF_INET, addr, &val.v_mreq.imr_multiaddr.s_addr);
+        optlen = sizeof(val.v_mreq);
+#ifndef JANET_NO_IPV6
+    } else if (st->optname == IPV6_JOIN_GROUP || st->optname == IPV6_LEAVE_GROUP) {
+        const char *addr = janet_getcstring(argv, 2);
+        memset(&val.v_mreq6, 0, sizeof val.v_mreq6);
+        val.v_mreq6.ipv6mr_interface = 0;
+        inet_pton(AF_INET6, addr, &val.v_mreq6.ipv6mr_multiaddr);
+        optlen = sizeof(val.v_mreq6);
+#endif
+    } else {
+        janet_panicf("invalid socket option type");
+    }
+
+    janet_assert(optlen != 0, "invalid socket option value");
+
+    int r = setsockopt((JSock) stream->handle, st->level, st->optname, optval, optlen);
+    if (r == -1) {
+        janet_panicf("setsockopt(%q): %s", argv[1], janet_strerror(errno));
+    }
+
+    return janet_wrap_nil();
+}
+
 static const JanetMethod net_stream_methods[] = {
     {"chunk", cfun_stream_chunk},
     {"close", janet_cfun_stream_close},
@@ -876,6 +1066,7 @@ static const JanetMethod net_stream_methods[] = {
     {"evchunk", janet_cfun_stream_chunk},
     {"evwrite", janet_cfun_stream_write},
     {"shutdown", cfun_net_shutdown},
+    {"setsockopt", cfun_net_setsockopt},
     {NULL, NULL}
 };
 
@@ -883,7 +1074,6 @@ static JanetStream *make_stream(JSock handle, uint32_t flags) {
     return janet_stream((JanetHandle) handle, flags | JANET_STREAM_SOCKET, net_stream_methods);
 }
 
-
 void janet_lib_net(JanetTable *env) {
     JanetRegExt net_cfuns[] = {
         JANET_CORE_REG("net/address", cfun_net_sockaddr),
@@ -901,6 +1091,7 @@ void janet_lib_net(JanetTable *env) {
         JANET_CORE_REG("net/peername", cfun_net_getpeername),
         JANET_CORE_REG("net/localname", cfun_net_getsockname),
         JANET_CORE_REG("net/address-unpack", cfun_net_address_unpack),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("net/setsockopt", cfun_net_setsockopt),
         JANET_REG_END
     };
     janet_core_cfuns_ext(env, NULL, net_cfuns);

src/core/parse.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -51,15 +51,15 @@ static const uint32_t symchars[8] = {
 };
 
 /* Check if a character is a valid symbol character
- * symbol chars are A-Z, a-z, 0-9, or one of !$&*+-./:<=>@\^_~| */
-static int is_symbol_char(uint8_t c) {
+ * symbol chars are A-Z, a-z, 0-9, or one of !$&*+-./:<=>@\^_| */
+int janet_is_symbol_char(uint8_t c) {
     return symchars[c >> 5] & ((uint32_t)1 << (c & 0x1F));
 }
 
 /* Validate some utf8. Useful for identifiers. Only validates
  * the encoding, does not check for valid code points (they
  * are less well defined than the encoding). */
-static int valid_utf8(const uint8_t *str, int32_t len) {
+int janet_valid_utf8(const uint8_t *str, int32_t len) {
     int32_t i = 0;
     int32_t j;
     while (i < len) {
@@ -206,6 +206,37 @@ static void popstate(JanetParser *p, Janet val) {
     }
 }
 
+static void delim_error(JanetParser *parser, size_t stack_index, char c, const char *msg) {
+    JanetParseState *s = parser->states + stack_index;
+    JanetBuffer *buffer = janet_buffer(40);
+    if (msg) {
+        janet_buffer_push_cstring(buffer, msg);
+    }
+    if (c) {
+        janet_buffer_push_u8(buffer, c);
+    }
+    if (stack_index > 0) {
+        janet_buffer_push_cstring(buffer, ", ");
+        if (s->flags & PFLAG_PARENS) {
+            janet_buffer_push_u8(buffer, '(');
+        } else if (s->flags & PFLAG_SQRBRACKETS) {
+            janet_buffer_push_u8(buffer, '[');
+        } else if (s->flags & PFLAG_CURLYBRACKETS) {
+            janet_buffer_push_u8(buffer, '{');
+        } else if (s->flags & PFLAG_STRING) {
+            janet_buffer_push_u8(buffer, '"');
+        } else if (s->flags & PFLAG_LONGSTRING) {
+            int32_t i;
+            for (i = 0; i < s->argn; i++) {
+                janet_buffer_push_u8(buffer, '`');
+            }
+        }
+        janet_formatb(buffer, " opened at line %d, column %d", (int32_t) s->line, (int32_t) s->column);
+    }
+    parser->error = (const char *) janet_string(buffer->data, buffer->count);
+    parser->flag |= JANET_PARSER_GENERATED_ERROR;
+}
+
 static int checkescape(uint8_t c) {
     switch (c) {
         default:
@@ -228,6 +259,14 @@ static int checkescape(uint8_t c) {
             return '\f';
         case 'v':
             return '\v';
+        case 'a':
+            return '\a';
+        case 'b':
+            return '\b';
+        case '\'':
+            return '\'';
+        case '?':
+            return '?';
         case 'e':
             return 27;
         case '"':
@@ -324,8 +363,7 @@ static int stringend(JanetParser *p, JanetParseState *state) {
         JanetParseState top = p->states[p->statecount - 1];
         int32_t indent_col = (int32_t) top.column - 1;
         uint8_t *r = bufstart, *end = r + buflen;
-        /* Check if there are any characters before the start column -
-         * if so, do not reindent. */
+        /* Unless there are only spaces before EOLs, disable reindenting */
         int reindent = 1;
         while (reindent && (r < end)) {
             if (*r++ == '\n') {
@@ -335,34 +373,36 @@ static int stringend(JanetParser *p, JanetParseState *state) {
                         break;
                     }
                 }
+                if ((r + 1) < end && *r == '\r' && *(r + 1) == '\n') reindent = 1;
             }
         }
-        /* Now reindent if able to, otherwise just drop leading newline. */
-        if (!reindent) {
-            if (buflen > 0 && bufstart[0] == '\n') {
-                buflen--;
-                bufstart++;
-            }
-        } else {
+        /* Now reindent if able */
+        if (reindent) {
             uint8_t *w = bufstart;
             r = bufstart;
             while (r < end) {
                 if (*r == '\n') {
-                    if (r == bufstart) {
-                        /* Skip leading newline */
-                        r++;
-                    } else {
-                        *w++ = *r++;
-                    }
+                    *w++ = *r++;
                     for (int32_t j = 0; (r < end) && (*r != '\n') && (j < indent_col); j++, r++);
+                    if ((r + 1) < end && *r == '\r' && *(r + 1) == '\n') *w++ = *r++;
                 } else {
                     *w++ = *r++;
                 }
             }
             buflen = (int32_t)(w - bufstart);
         }
-        /* Check for trailing newline character so we can remove it */
-        if (buflen > 0 && bufstart[buflen - 1] == '\n') {
+        /* Check for leading EOL so we can remove it */
+        if (buflen > 1 && bufstart[0] == '\r' && bufstart[1] == '\n') { /* Windows EOL */
+            buflen = buflen - 2;
+            bufstart = bufstart + 2;
+        } else if (buflen > 0 && bufstart[0] == '\n') { /* Unix EOL */
+            buflen--;
+            bufstart++;
+        }
+        /* Check for trailing EOL so we can remove it */
+        if (buflen > 1 && bufstart[buflen - 2] == '\r' && bufstart[buflen - 1] == '\n') { /* Windows EOL */
+            buflen = buflen - 2;
+        } else if (buflen > 0 && bufstart[buflen - 1] == '\n') { /* Unix EOL */
             buflen--;
         }
     }
@@ -411,7 +451,7 @@ static int tokenchar(JanetParser *p, JanetParseState *state, uint8_t c) {
     Janet ret;
     double numval;
     int32_t blen;
-    if (is_symbol_char(c)) {
+    if (janet_is_symbol_char(c)) {
         push_buf(p, (uint8_t) c);
         if (c > 127) state->argn = 1; /* Use to indicate non ascii */
         return 1;
@@ -422,14 +462,19 @@ static int tokenchar(JanetParser *p, JanetParseState *state, uint8_t c) {
     int start_num = start_dig || p->buf[0] == '-' || p->buf[0] == '+' || p->buf[0] == '.';
     if (p->buf[0] == ':') {
         /* Don't do full utf-8 check unless we have seen non ascii characters. */
-        int valid = (!state->argn) || valid_utf8(p->buf + 1, blen - 1);
+        int valid = (!state->argn) || janet_valid_utf8(p->buf + 1, blen - 1);
         if (!valid) {
             p->error = "invalid utf-8 in keyword";
             return 0;
         }
         ret = janet_keywordv(p->buf + 1, blen - 1);
+#ifdef JANET_INT_TYPES
+    } else if (start_num && !janet_scan_numeric(p->buf, blen, &ret)) {
+        (void) numval;
+#else
     } else if (start_num && !janet_scan_number(p->buf, blen, &numval)) {
         ret = janet_wrap_number(numval);
+#endif
     } else if (!check_str_const("nil", p->buf, blen)) {
         ret = janet_wrap_nil();
     } else if (!check_str_const("false", p->buf, blen)) {
@@ -442,7 +487,7 @@ static int tokenchar(JanetParser *p, JanetParseState *state, uint8_t c) {
             return 0;
         } else {
             /* Don't do full utf-8 check unless we have seen non ascii characters. */
-            int valid = (!state->argn) || valid_utf8(p->buf, blen);
+            int valid = (!state->argn) || janet_valid_utf8(p->buf, blen);
             if (!valid) {
                 p->error = "invalid utf-8 in symbol";
                 return 0;
@@ -582,7 +627,7 @@ static int root(JanetParser *p, JanetParseState *state, uint8_t c) {
     switch (c) {
         default:
             if (is_whitespace(c)) return 1;
-            if (!is_symbol_char(c)) {
+            if (!janet_is_symbol_char(c)) {
                 p->error = "unexpected character";
                 return 1;
             }
@@ -612,7 +657,7 @@ static int root(JanetParser *p, JanetParseState *state, uint8_t c) {
         case '}': {
             Janet ds;
             if (p->statecount == 1) {
-                p->error = "unexpected delimiter";
+                delim_error(p, 0, c, "unexpected closing delimiter ");
                 return 1;
             }
             if ((c == ')' && (state->flags & PFLAG_PARENS)) ||
@@ -633,7 +678,7 @@ static int root(JanetParser *p, JanetParseState *state, uint8_t c) {
                     ds = close_struct(p, state);
                 }
             } else {
-                p->error = "mismatched delimiter";
+                delim_error(p, p->statecount - 1, c, "mismatched delimiter ");
                 return 1;
             }
             popstate(p, ds);
@@ -684,26 +729,7 @@ void janet_parser_eof(JanetParser *parser) {
     size_t oldline = parser->line;
     janet_parser_consume(parser, '\n');
     if (parser->statecount > 1) {
-        JanetParseState *s = parser->states + (parser->statecount - 1);
-        JanetBuffer *buffer = janet_buffer(40);
-        janet_buffer_push_cstring(buffer, "unexpected end of source, ");
-        if (s->flags & PFLAG_PARENS) {
-            janet_buffer_push_u8(buffer, '(');
-        } else if (s->flags & PFLAG_SQRBRACKETS) {
-            janet_buffer_push_u8(buffer, '[');
-        } else if (s->flags & PFLAG_CURLYBRACKETS) {
-            janet_buffer_push_u8(buffer, '{');
-        } else if (s->flags & PFLAG_STRING) {
-            janet_buffer_push_u8(buffer, '"');
-        } else if (s->flags & PFLAG_LONGSTRING) {
-            int32_t i;
-            for (i = 0; i < s->argn; i++) {
-                janet_buffer_push_u8(buffer, '`');
-            }
-        }
-        janet_formatb(buffer, " opened at line %d, column %d", s->line, s->column);
-        parser->error = (const char *) janet_string(buffer->data, buffer->count);
-        parser->flag |= JANET_PARSER_GENERATED_ERROR;
+        delim_error(parser, parser->statecount - 1, 0, "unexpected end of source");
     }
     parser->line = oldline;
     parser->column = oldcolumn;
@@ -746,6 +772,7 @@ Janet janet_parser_produce(JanetParser *parser) {
     }
     parser->pending--;
     parser->argcount--;
+    parser->states[0].argn--;
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -759,6 +786,7 @@ Janet janet_parser_produce_wrapped(JanetParser *parser) {
     }
     parser->pending--;
     parser->argcount--;
+    parser->states[0].argn--;
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -881,7 +909,7 @@ const JanetAbstractType janet_parser_type = {
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_parse_parser,
               "(parser/new)",
               "Creates and returns a new parser object. Parsers are state machines "
-              "that can receive bytes, and generate a stream of values.") {
+              "that can receive bytes and generate a stream of values.") {
     (void) argv;
     janet_fixarity(argc, 0);
     JanetParser *p = janet_abstract(&janet_parser_type, sizeof(JanetParser));
@@ -892,7 +920,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_parse_parser,
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_parse_consume,
               "(parser/consume parser bytes &opt index)",
               "Input bytes into the parser and parse them. Will not throw errors "
-              "if there is a parse error. Starts at the byte index given by index. Returns "
+              "if there is a parse error. Starts at the byte index given by `index`. Returns "
               "the number of bytes read.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 2, 3);
     JanetParser *p = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_parser_type);
@@ -920,7 +948,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_parse_consume,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_parse_eof,
               "(parser/eof parser)",
-              "Indicate that the end of file was reached to the parser. This puts the parser in the :dead state.") {
+              "Indicate to the parser that the end of file was reached. This puts the parser in the :dead state.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     JanetParser *p = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_parser_type);
     janet_parser_eof(p);
@@ -980,7 +1008,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_parse_has_more,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_parse_byte,
               "(parser/byte parser b)",
-              "Input a single byte into the parser byte stream. Returns the parser.") {
+              "Input a single byte `b` into the parser byte stream. Returns the parser.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 2);
     JanetParser *p = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_parser_type);
     int32_t i = janet_getinteger(argv, 1);
@@ -1020,7 +1048,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_parse_error,
               "If the parser is in the error state, returns the message associated with "
               "that error. Otherwise, returns nil. Also flushes the parser state and parser "
               "queue, so be sure to handle everything in the queue before calling "
-              "parser/error.") {
+              "`parser/error`.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     JanetParser *p = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_parser_type);
     const char *err = janet_parser_error(p);
@@ -1093,8 +1121,9 @@ static Janet janet_wrap_parse_state(JanetParseState *s, Janet *args,
 
     if (s->flags & PFLAG_CONTAINER) {
         JanetArray *container_args = janet_array(s->argn);
-        container_args->count = s->argn;
-        safe_memcpy(container_args->data, args, sizeof(args[0])*s->argn);
+        for (int32_t i = 0; i < s->argn; i++) {
+            janet_array_push(container_args, args[i]);
+        }
         janet_table_put(state, janet_ckeywordv("args"),
                         janet_wrap_array(container_args));
     }
@@ -1179,7 +1208,8 @@ static Janet parser_state_delimiters(const JanetParser *_p) {
             }
         }
     }
-    str = janet_string(p->buf + oldcount, (int32_t)(p->bufcount - oldcount));
+    /* avoid ptr arithmetic on NULL */
+    str = janet_string(oldcount ? p->buf + oldcount : p->buf, (int32_t)(p->bufcount - oldcount));
     p->bufcount = oldcount;
     return janet_wrap_string(str);
 }
@@ -1189,11 +1219,15 @@ static Janet parser_state_frames(const JanetParser *p) {
     JanetArray *states = janet_array(count);
     states->count = count;
     uint8_t *buf = p->buf;
-    Janet *args = p->args;
+    /* Iterate arg stack backwards */
+    Janet *args = p->argcount ? p->args + p->argcount : p->args; /* avoid ptr arithmetic on NULL */
     for (int32_t i = count - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
         JanetParseState *s = p->states + i;
+        /* avoid ptr arithmetic on args if NULL */
+        if ((s->flags & PFLAG_CONTAINER) && s->argn) {
+            args -= s->argn;
+        }
         states->data[i] = janet_wrap_parse_state(s, args, buf, (uint32_t) p->bufcount);
-        args -= s->argn;
     }
     return janet_wrap_array(states);
 }

src/core/peg.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@
 typedef struct {
     const uint8_t *text_start;
     const uint8_t *text_end;
+    /* text_end can be restricted by some rules, but
+       outer_text_end will always contain the real end of
+       input, which we need to generate a line mapping */
+    const uint8_t *outer_text_end;
     const uint32_t *bytecode;
     const Janet *constants;
     JanetArray *captures;
@@ -114,12 +118,12 @@ static LineCol get_linecol_from_position(PegState *s, int32_t position) {
     /* Generate if not made yet */
     if (s->linemaplen < 0) {
         int32_t newline_count = 0;
-        for (const uint8_t *c = s->text_start; c < s->text_end; c++) {
+        for (const uint8_t *c = s->text_start; c < s->outer_text_end; c++) {
             if (*c == '\n') newline_count++;
         }
         int32_t *mem = janet_smalloc(sizeof(int32_t) * newline_count);
         size_t index = 0;
-        for (const uint8_t *c = s->text_start; c < s->text_end; c++) {
+        for (const uint8_t *c = s->text_start; c < s->outer_text_end; c++) {
             if (*c == '\n') mem[index++] = (int32_t)(c - s->text_start);
         }
         s->linemaplen = newline_count;
@@ -130,7 +134,7 @@ static LineCol get_linecol_from_position(PegState *s, int32_t position) {
      *   a newline character is consider to be on the same line as the character before
      *   (\n is line terminator, not line separator).
      * - in the not-found case, we still want to find the greatest-indexed newline that
-     *   is before position. we use that to calcuate the line and column.
+     *   is before position. we use that to calculate the line and column.
      * - in the case that lo = 0 and s->linemap[0] is still greater than position, we
      *   are on the first line and our column is position + 1. */
     int32_t hi = s->linemaplen; /* hi is greater than the actual line */
@@ -179,7 +183,7 @@ static const uint8_t *peg_rule(
     const uint32_t *rule,
     const uint8_t *text) {
 tail:
-    switch (*rule & 0x1F) {
+    switch (*rule) {
         default:
             janet_panic("unexpected opcode");
             return NULL;
@@ -211,9 +215,10 @@ tail:
         }
 
         case RULE_SET: {
+            if (text >= s->text_end) return NULL;
             uint32_t word = rule[1 + (text[0] >> 5)];
             uint32_t mask = (uint32_t)1 << (text[0] & 0x1F);
-            return (text < s->text_end && (word & mask))
+            return (word & mask)
                    ? text + 1
                    : NULL;
         }
@@ -260,30 +265,52 @@ tail:
             goto tail;
         }
 
-        case RULE_IF:
-        case RULE_IFNOT: {
+        case RULE_IF: {
             const uint32_t *rule_a = s->bytecode + rule[1];
             const uint32_t *rule_b = s->bytecode + rule[2];
             down1(s);
             const uint8_t *result = peg_rule(s, rule_a, text);
             up1(s);
-            if (rule[0] == RULE_IF ? !result : !!result) return NULL;
+            if (!result) return NULL;
             rule = rule_b;
             goto tail;
         }
+        case RULE_IFNOT: {
+            const uint32_t *rule_a = s->bytecode + rule[1];
+            const uint32_t *rule_b = s->bytecode + rule[2];
+            down1(s);
+            CapState cs = cap_save(s);
+            const uint8_t *result = peg_rule(s, rule_a, text);
+            if (!!result) {
+                up1(s);
+                return NULL;
+            } else {
+                cap_load(s, cs);
+                up1(s);
+                rule = rule_b;
+                goto tail;
+            }
+        }
 
         case RULE_NOT: {
             const uint32_t *rule_a = s->bytecode + rule[1];
             down1(s);
+            CapState cs = cap_save(s);
             const uint8_t *result = peg_rule(s, rule_a, text);
-            up1(s);
-            return (result) ? NULL : text;
+            if (result) {
+                up1(s);
+                return NULL;
+            } else {
+                cap_load(s, cs);
+                up1(s);
+                return text;
+            }
         }
 
         case RULE_THRU:
         case RULE_TO: {
             const uint32_t *rule_a = s->bytecode + rule[1];
-            const uint8_t *next_text;
+            const uint8_t *next_text = NULL;
             CapState cs = cap_save(s);
             down1(s);
             while (text <= s->text_end) {
@@ -293,6 +320,7 @@ tail:
                     if (rule[0] == RULE_TO) cap_load(s, cs2);
                     break;
                 }
+                cap_load(s, cs2);
                 text++;
             }
             up1(s);
@@ -314,7 +342,7 @@ tail:
             while (captured < hi) {
                 CapState cs2 = cap_save(s);
                 next_text = peg_rule(s, rule_a, text);
-                if (!next_text || next_text == text) {
+                if (!next_text || ((next_text == text) && (hi == UINT32_MAX))) {
                     cap_load(s, cs2);
                     break;
                 }
@@ -437,6 +465,16 @@ tail:
             return result;
         }
 
+        case RULE_ONLY_TAGS: {
+            CapState cs = cap_save(s);
+            down1(s);
+            const uint8_t *result = peg_rule(s, s->bytecode + rule[1], text);
+            up1(s);
+            if (!result) return NULL;
+            cap_load_keept(s, cs);
+            return result;
+        }
+
         case RULE_GROUP: {
             uint32_t tag = rule[2];
             int oldmode = s->mode;
@@ -458,6 +496,131 @@ tail:
             return result;
         }
 
+        case RULE_NTH: {
+            uint32_t nth = rule[1];
+            if (nth > INT32_MAX) nth = INT32_MAX;
+            uint32_t tag = rule[3];
+            int oldmode = s->mode;
+            CapState cs = cap_save(s);
+            s->mode = PEG_MODE_NORMAL;
+            down1(s);
+            const uint8_t *result = peg_rule(s, s->bytecode + rule[2], text);
+            up1(s);
+            s->mode = oldmode;
+            if (!result) return NULL;
+            int32_t num_sub_captures = s->captures->count - cs.cap;
+            Janet cap;
+            if (num_sub_captures > (int32_t) nth) {
+                cap = s->captures->data[cs.cap + nth];
+            } else {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            cap_load_keept(s, cs);
+            pushcap(s, cap, tag);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        case RULE_SUB: {
+            const uint8_t *text_start = text;
+            const uint32_t *rule_window = s->bytecode + rule[1];
+            const uint32_t *rule_subpattern = s->bytecode + rule[2];
+            down1(s);
+            const uint8_t *window_end = peg_rule(s, rule_window, text);
+            up1(s);
+            if (!window_end) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            const uint8_t *saved_end = s->text_end;
+            s->text_end = window_end;
+            down1(s);
+            const uint8_t *next_text = peg_rule(s, rule_subpattern, text_start);
+            up1(s);
+            s->text_end = saved_end;
+
+            if (!next_text) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+
+            return window_end;
+        }
+
+        case RULE_TIL: {
+            const uint32_t *rule_terminus = s->bytecode + rule[1];
+            const uint32_t *rule_subpattern = s->bytecode + rule[2];
+
+            const uint8_t *terminus_start = text;
+            const uint8_t *terminus_end = NULL;
+            down1(s);
+            while (terminus_start <= s->text_end) {
+                CapState cs2 = cap_save(s);
+                terminus_end = peg_rule(s, rule_terminus, terminus_start);
+                cap_load(s, cs2);
+                if (terminus_end) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                terminus_start++;
+            }
+            up1(s);
+
+            if (!terminus_end) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+
+            const uint8_t *saved_end = s->text_end;
+            s->text_end = terminus_start;
+            down1(s);
+            const uint8_t *matched = peg_rule(s, rule_subpattern, text);
+            up1(s);
+            s->text_end = saved_end;
+
+            if (!matched) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+
+            return terminus_end;
+        }
+
+        case RULE_SPLIT: {
+            const uint8_t *saved_end = s->text_end;
+            const uint32_t *rule_separator = s->bytecode + rule[1];
+            const uint32_t *rule_subpattern = s->bytecode + rule[2];
+
+            const uint8_t *chunk_start = text;
+            const uint8_t *chunk_end = NULL;
+
+            while (text <= saved_end) {
+                /* Find next split (or end of text) */
+                CapState cs = cap_save(s);
+                down1(s);
+                while (text <= saved_end) {
+                    chunk_end = text;
+                    const uint8_t *check = peg_rule(s, rule_separator, text);
+                    cap_load(s, cs);
+                    if (check) {
+                        text = check;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    text++;
+                }
+                up1(s);
+
+                /* Match between splits */
+                s->text_end = chunk_end;
+                down1(s);
+                const uint8_t *subpattern_end = peg_rule(s, rule_subpattern, chunk_start);
+                up1(s);
+                s->text_end = saved_end;
+                if (!subpattern_end) return NULL; /* Don't match anything */
+
+                /* Ensure forward progress */
+                if (text == chunk_start) return NULL;
+                chunk_start = text;
+            }
+
+            s->text_end = saved_end;
+            return s->text_end;
+        }
+
         case RULE_REPLACE:
         case RULE_MATCHTIME: {
             uint32_t tag = rule[3];
@@ -577,11 +740,11 @@ tail:
         case RULE_READINT: {
             uint32_t tag = rule[2];
             uint32_t signedness = rule[1] & 0x10;
-            uint32_t endianess = rule[1] & 0x20;
+            uint32_t endianness = rule[1] & 0x20;
             int width = (int)(rule[1] & 0xF);
             if (text + width > s->text_end) return NULL;
             uint64_t accum = 0;
-            if (endianess) {
+            if (endianness) {
                 /* BE */
                 for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) accum = (accum << 8) | text[i];
             } else {
@@ -971,6 +1134,9 @@ static void spec_thru(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
 static void spec_drop(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
     spec_onerule(b, argc, argv, RULE_DROP);
 }
+static void spec_only_tags(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
+    spec_onerule(b, argc, argv, RULE_ONLY_TAGS);
+}
 
 /* Rule of the form [rule, tag] */
 static void spec_cap1(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv, uint32_t op) {
@@ -994,6 +1160,15 @@ static void spec_unref(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
     spec_cap1(b, argc, argv, RULE_UNREF);
 }
 
+static void spec_nth(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
+    peg_arity(b, argc, 2, 3);
+    Reserve r = reserve(b, 4);
+    uint32_t nth = peg_getnat(b, argv[0]);
+    uint32_t rule = peg_compile1(b, argv[1]);
+    uint32_t tag = (argc == 3) ? emit_tag(b, argv[2]) : 0;
+    emit_3(r, RULE_NTH, nth, rule, tag);
+}
+
 static void spec_capture_number(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
     peg_arity(b, argc, 1, 3);
     Reserve r = reserve(b, 4);
@@ -1010,7 +1185,7 @@ static void spec_capture_number(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
     emit_3(r, RULE_CAPTURE_NUM, rule, base, tag);
     return;
 error:
-    peg_panicf(b, "expected integer between 2 and 36, got %v", argv[2]);
+    peg_panicf(b, "expected integer between 2 and 36, got %v", argv[1]);
 }
 
 static void spec_reference(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
@@ -1076,13 +1251,37 @@ static void spec_matchtime(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
     Janet fun = argv[1];
     if (!janet_checktype(fun, JANET_FUNCTION) &&
             !janet_checktype(fun, JANET_CFUNCTION)) {
-        peg_panicf(b, "expected function|cfunction, got %v", fun);
+        peg_panicf(b, "expected function or cfunction, got %v", fun);
     }
     uint32_t tag = (argc == 3) ? emit_tag(b, argv[2]) : 0;
     uint32_t cindex = emit_constant(b, fun);
     emit_3(r, RULE_MATCHTIME, subrule, cindex, tag);
 }
 
+static void spec_sub(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
+    peg_fixarity(b, argc, 2);
+    Reserve r = reserve(b, 3);
+    uint32_t subrule1 = peg_compile1(b, argv[0]);
+    uint32_t subrule2 = peg_compile1(b, argv[1]);
+    emit_2(r, RULE_SUB, subrule1, subrule2);
+}
+
+static void spec_til(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
+    peg_fixarity(b, argc, 2);
+    Reserve r = reserve(b, 3);
+    uint32_t subrule1 = peg_compile1(b, argv[0]);
+    uint32_t subrule2 = peg_compile1(b, argv[1]);
+    emit_2(r, RULE_TIL, subrule1, subrule2);
+}
+
+static void spec_split(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
+    peg_fixarity(b, argc, 2);
+    Reserve r = reserve(b, 3);
+    uint32_t subrule1 = peg_compile1(b, argv[0]);
+    uint32_t subrule2 = peg_compile1(b, argv[1]);
+    emit_2(r, RULE_SPLIT, subrule1, subrule2);
+}
+
 #ifdef JANET_INT_TYPES
 #define JANET_MAX_READINT_WIDTH 8
 #else
@@ -1156,7 +1355,9 @@ static const SpecialPair peg_specials[] = {
     {"line", spec_line},
     {"look", spec_look},
     {"not", spec_not},
+    {"nth", spec_nth},
     {"number", spec_capture_number},
+    {"only-tags", spec_only_tags},
     {"opt", spec_opt},
     {"position", spec_position},
     {"quote", spec_capture},
@@ -1166,7 +1367,10 @@ static const SpecialPair peg_specials[] = {
     {"sequence", spec_sequence},
     {"set", spec_set},
     {"some", spec_some},
+    {"split", spec_split},
+    {"sub", spec_sub},
     {"thru", spec_thru},
+    {"til", spec_til},
     {"to", spec_to},
     {"uint", spec_uint_le},
     {"uint-be", spec_uint_be},
@@ -1237,6 +1441,13 @@ static uint32_t peg_compile1(Builder *b, Janet peg) {
         default:
             peg_panic(b, "unexpected peg source");
             return 0;
+
+        case JANET_BOOLEAN: {
+            int n = janet_unwrap_boolean(peg);
+            Reserve r = reserve(b, 2);
+            emit_1(r, n ? RULE_NCHAR : RULE_NOTNCHAR, 0);
+            break;
+        }
         case JANET_NUMBER: {
             int32_t n = peg_getinteger(b, peg);
             Reserve r = reserve(b, 2);
@@ -1253,6 +1464,23 @@ static uint32_t peg_compile1(Builder *b, Janet peg) {
             emit_bytes(b, RULE_LITERAL, len, str);
             break;
         }
+        case JANET_BUFFER: {
+            const JanetBuffer *buf = janet_unwrap_buffer(peg);
+            emit_bytes(b, RULE_LITERAL, buf->count, buf->data);
+            break;
+        }
+        case JANET_TABLE: {
+            /* Build grammar table */
+            JanetTable *new_grammar = janet_table_clone(janet_unwrap_table(peg));
+            new_grammar->proto = grammar;
+            b->grammar = grammar = new_grammar;
+            /* Run the main rule */
+            Janet main_rule = janet_table_rawget(grammar, janet_ckeywordv("main"));
+            if (janet_checktype(main_rule, JANET_NIL))
+                peg_panic(b, "grammar requires :main rule");
+            rule = peg_compile1(b, main_rule);
+            break;
+        }
         case JANET_STRUCT: {
             /* Build grammar table */
             const JanetKV *st = janet_unwrap_struct(peg);
@@ -1388,7 +1616,7 @@ static void *peg_unmarshal(JanetMarshalContext *ctx) {
         uint32_t instr = bytecode[i];
         uint32_t *rule = bytecode + i;
         op_flags[i] |= 0x02;
-        switch (instr & 0x1F) {
+        switch (instr) {
             case RULE_LITERAL:
                 i += 2 + ((rule[1] + 3) >> 2);
                 break;
@@ -1481,8 +1709,19 @@ static void *peg_unmarshal(JanetMarshalContext *ctx) {
                 op_flags[rule[1]] |= 0x01;
                 i += 4;
                 break;
+            case RULE_SUB:
+            case RULE_TIL:
+            case RULE_SPLIT:
+                /* [rule, rule] */
+                if (rule[1] >= blen) goto bad;
+                if (rule[2] >= blen) goto bad;
+                op_flags[rule[1]] |= 0x01;
+                op_flags[rule[2]] |= 0x01;
+                i += 3;
+                break;
             case RULE_ERROR:
             case RULE_DROP:
+            case RULE_ONLY_TAGS:
             case RULE_NOT:
             case RULE_TO:
             case RULE_THRU:
@@ -1492,10 +1731,16 @@ static void *peg_unmarshal(JanetMarshalContext *ctx) {
                 i += 2;
                 break;
             case RULE_READINT:
-                /* [ width | (endianess << 5) | (signedness << 6), tag ] */
+                /* [ width | (endianness << 5) | (signedness << 6), tag ] */
                 if (rule[1] > JANET_MAX_READINT_WIDTH) goto bad;
                 i += 3;
                 break;
+            case RULE_NTH:
+                /* [nth, rule, tag] */
+                if (rule[2] >= blen) goto bad;
+                op_flags[rule[2]] |= 0x01;
+                i += 4;
+                break;
             default:
                 goto bad;
         }
@@ -1589,7 +1834,7 @@ static JanetPeg *compile_peg(Janet x) {
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_peg_compile,
               "(peg/compile peg)",
               "Compiles a peg source data structure into a <core/peg>. This will speed up matching "
-              "if the same peg will be used multiple times. Will also use `(dyn :peg-grammar)` to suppliment "
+              "if the same peg will be used multiple times. Will also use `(dyn :peg-grammar)` to supplement "
               "the grammar of the peg for otherwise undefined peg keywords.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     JanetPeg *peg = compile_peg(argv[0]);
@@ -1601,7 +1846,7 @@ typedef struct {
     JanetPeg *peg;
     PegState s;
     JanetByteView bytes;
-    JanetByteView repl;
+    Janet subst;
     int32_t start;
 } PegCall;
 
@@ -1609,7 +1854,7 @@ typedef struct {
 static PegCall peg_cfun_init(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, int get_replace) {
     PegCall ret;
     int32_t min = get_replace ? 3 : 2;
-    janet_arity(argc, get_replace, -1);
+    janet_arity(argc, min, -1);
     if (janet_checktype(argv[0], JANET_ABSTRACT) &&
             janet_abstract_type(janet_unwrap_abstract(argv[0])) == &janet_peg_type) {
         ret.peg = janet_unwrap_abstract(argv[0]);
@@ -1617,7 +1862,7 @@ static PegCall peg_cfun_init(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, int get_replace) {
         ret.peg = compile_peg(argv[0]);
     }
     if (get_replace) {
-        ret.repl = janet_getbytes(argv, 1);
+        ret.subst = argv[1];
         ret.bytes = janet_getbytes(argv, 2);
     } else {
         ret.bytes = janet_getbytes(argv, 1);
@@ -1634,6 +1879,7 @@ static PegCall peg_cfun_init(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, int get_replace) {
     ret.s.mode = PEG_MODE_NORMAL;
     ret.s.text_start = ret.bytes.bytes;
     ret.s.text_end = ret.bytes.bytes + ret.bytes.len;
+    ret.s.outer_text_end = ret.s.text_end;
     ret.s.depth = JANET_RECURSION_GUARD;
     ret.s.captures = janet_array(0);
     ret.s.tagged_captures = janet_array(0);
@@ -1648,7 +1894,9 @@ static PegCall peg_cfun_init(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, int get_replace) {
 }
 
 static void peg_call_reset(PegCall *c) {
+    c->s.depth = JANET_RECURSION_GUARD;
     c->s.captures->count = 0;
+    c->s.tagged_captures->count = 0;
     c->s.scratch->count = 0;
     c->s.tags->count = 0;
 }
@@ -1700,7 +1948,8 @@ static Janet cfun_peg_replace_generic(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, int only_one) {
                 trail = i;
             }
             int32_t nexti = (int32_t)(result - c.bytes.bytes);
-            janet_buffer_push_bytes(ret, c.repl.bytes, c.repl.len);
+            JanetByteView subst = janet_text_substitution(&c.subst, c.bytes.bytes + i, nexti - i, c.s.captures);
+            janet_buffer_push_bytes(ret, subst.bytes, subst.len);
             trail = nexti;
             if (nexti == i) nexti++;
             i = nexti;
@@ -1716,14 +1965,20 @@ static Janet cfun_peg_replace_generic(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, int only_one) {
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_peg_replace_all,
-              "(peg/replace-all peg repl text &opt start & args)",
-              "Replace all matches of peg in text with repl, returning a new buffer. The peg does not need to make captures to do replacement.") {
+              "(peg/replace-all peg subst text &opt start & args)",
+              "Replace all matches of `peg` in `text` with `subst`, returning a new buffer. "
+              "The peg does not need to make captures to do replacement. "
+              "If `subst` is a function, it will be called with the "
+              "matching text followed by any captures.") {
     return cfun_peg_replace_generic(argc, argv, 0);
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_peg_replace,
-              "(peg/replace peg repl text &opt start & args)",
-              "Replace first match of peg in text with repl, returning a new buffer. The peg does not need to make captures to do replacement. "
+              "(peg/replace peg subst text &opt start & args)",
+              "Replace first match of `peg` in `text` with `subst`, returning a new buffer. "
+              "The peg does not need to make captures to do replacement. "
+              "If `subst` is a function, it will be called with the "
+              "matching text followed by any captures. "
               "If no matches are found, returns the input string in a new buffer.") {
     return cfun_peg_replace_generic(argc, argv, 1);
 }

src/core/pp.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
 
 #include <string.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <float.h>
 
 /* Implements a pretty printer for Janet. The pretty printer
  * is simple and not that flexible, but fast. */
@@ -37,11 +39,15 @@
 /* Temporary buffer size */
 #define BUFSIZE 64
 
+/* Preprocessor hacks */
+#define STR_HELPER(x) #x
+#define STR(x) STR_HELPER(x)
+
 static void number_to_string_b(JanetBuffer *buffer, double x) {
     janet_buffer_ensure(buffer, buffer->count + BUFSIZE, 2);
     const char *fmt = (x == floor(x) &&
                        x <= JANET_INTMAX_DOUBLE &&
-                       x >= JANET_INTMIN_DOUBLE) ? "%.0f" : "%g";
+                       x >= JANET_INTMIN_DOUBLE) ? "%.0f" : ("%." STR(DBL_DIG) "g");
     int count;
     if (x == 0.0) {
         /* Prevent printing of '-0' */
@@ -108,7 +114,7 @@ static void string_description_b(JanetBuffer *buffer, const char *title, void *p
     pbuf.p = pointer;
     *c++ = '<';
     /* Maximum of 32 bytes for abstract type name */
-    for (i = 0; title[i] && i < 32; ++i)
+    for (i = 0; i < 32 && title[i]; ++i)
         *c++ = ((uint8_t *)title) [i];
     *c++ = ' ';
     *c++ = '0';
@@ -151,6 +157,12 @@ static void janet_escape_string_impl(JanetBuffer *buffer, const uint8_t *str, in
             case '\v':
                 janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, (const uint8_t *)"\\v", 2);
                 break;
+            case '\a':
+                janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, (const uint8_t *)"\\a", 2);
+                break;
+            case '\b':
+                janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, (const uint8_t *)"\\b", 2);
+                break;
             case 27:
                 janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, (const uint8_t *)"\\e", 2);
                 break;
@@ -243,6 +255,10 @@ void janet_to_string_b(JanetBuffer *buffer, Janet x) {
         case JANET_FUNCTION: {
             JanetFunction *fun = janet_unwrap_function(x);
             JanetFuncDef *def = fun->def;
+            if (def == NULL) {
+                janet_buffer_push_cstring(buffer, "<incomplete function>");
+                break;
+            }
             if (def->name) {
                 const uint8_t *n = def->name;
                 janet_buffer_push_cstring(buffer, "<function ");
@@ -261,21 +277,13 @@ void janet_to_string_b(JanetBuffer *buffer, Janet x) {
 
 /* See parse.c for full table */
 
-static const uint32_t pp_symchars[8] = {
-    0x00000000, 0xf7ffec72, 0xc7ffffff, 0x07fffffe,
-    0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000
-};
-
-static int pp_is_symbol_char(uint8_t c) {
-    return pp_symchars[c >> 5] & ((uint32_t)1 << (c & 0x1F));
-}
-
 /* Check if a symbol or keyword contains no symbol characters */
 static int contains_bad_chars(const uint8_t *sym, int issym) {
     int32_t len = janet_string_length(sym);
     if (len && issym && sym[0] >= '0' && sym[0] <= '9') return 1;
+    if (!janet_valid_utf8(sym, len)) return 1;
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-        if (!pp_is_symbol_char(sym[i])) return 1;
+        if (!janet_is_symbol_char(sym[i])) return 1;
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -371,8 +379,10 @@ static int print_jdn_one(struct pretty *S, Janet x, int depth) {
             break;
         case JANET_NUMBER:
             janet_buffer_ensure(S->buffer, S->buffer->count + BUFSIZE, 2);
-            int count = snprintf((char *) S->buffer->data + S->buffer->count, BUFSIZE, "%.17g", janet_unwrap_number(x));
-            S->buffer->count += count;
+            double num = janet_unwrap_number(x);
+            if (isnan(num)) return 1;
+            if (isinf(num)) return 1;
+            janet_buffer_dtostr(S->buffer, num);
             break;
         case JANET_SYMBOL:
         case JANET_KEYWORD:
@@ -570,12 +580,12 @@ static void janet_pretty_one(struct pretty *S, Janet x, int is_dict_value) {
         case JANET_STRUCT:
         case JANET_TABLE: {
             int istable = janet_checktype(x, JANET_TABLE);
-            janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, istable ? "@" : "{");
 
             /* For object-like tables, print class name */
             if (istable) {
                 JanetTable *t = janet_unwrap_table(x);
                 JanetTable *proto = t->proto;
+                janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, "@");
                 if (NULL != proto) {
                     Janet name = janet_table_get(proto, janet_ckeywordv("_name"));
                     const uint8_t *n;
@@ -590,8 +600,25 @@ static void janet_pretty_one(struct pretty *S, Janet x, int is_dict_value) {
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, "{");
+            } else {
+                JanetStruct st = janet_unwrap_struct(x);
+                JanetStruct proto = janet_struct_proto(st);
+                if (NULL != proto) {
+                    Janet name = janet_struct_get(proto, janet_ckeywordv("_name"));
+                    const uint8_t *n;
+                    int32_t len;
+                    if (janet_bytes_view(name, &n, &len)) {
+                        if (S->flags & JANET_PRETTY_COLOR) {
+                            janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, janet_class_color);
+                        }
+                        janet_buffer_push_bytes(S->buffer, n, len);
+                        if (S->flags & JANET_PRETTY_COLOR) {
+                            janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, "\x1B[0m");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
             }
+            janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, "{");
 
             S->depth--;
             S->indent += 2;
@@ -627,7 +654,7 @@ static void janet_pretty_one(struct pretty *S, Janet x, int is_dict_value) {
                     }
                 }
 
-                janet_sorted_keys(kvs, cap, S->keysort_buffer + ks_start);
+                janet_sorted_keys(kvs, cap, S->keysort_buffer == NULL ? NULL : S->keysort_buffer + ks_start);
                 S->keysort_start += len;
                 if (!(S->flags & JANET_PRETTY_NOTRUNC) && (len > JANET_PRETTY_DICT_LIMIT)) {
                     len = JANET_PRETTY_DICT_LIMIT;
@@ -726,7 +753,7 @@ static void pushtypes(JanetBuffer *buffer, int types) {
             if (first) {
                 first = 0;
             } else {
-                janet_buffer_push_u8(buffer, '|');
+                janet_buffer_push_cstring(buffer, (types == 1) ? " or " : ", ");
             }
             janet_buffer_push_cstring(buffer, janet_type_names[i]);
         }
@@ -741,20 +768,48 @@ static void pushtypes(JanetBuffer *buffer, int types) {
 
 #define MAX_ITEM  256
 #define FMT_FLAGS "-+ #0"
+#define FMT_REPLACE_INTTYPES "diouxX"
 #define MAX_FORMAT 32
 
+struct FmtMapping {
+    char c;
+    const char *mapping;
+};
+
+/* Janet uses fixed width integer types for most things, so map
+ * format specifiers to these fixed sizes */
+static const struct FmtMapping format_mappings[] = {
+    {'D', PRId64},
+    {'I', PRIi64},
+    {'d', PRId64},
+    {'i', PRIi64},
+    {'o', PRIo64},
+    {'u', PRIu64},
+    {'x', PRIx64},
+    {'X', PRIX64},
+};
+
+static const char *get_fmt_mapping(char c) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < (sizeof(format_mappings) / sizeof(struct FmtMapping)); i++) {
+        if (format_mappings[i].c == c)
+            return format_mappings[i].mapping;
+    }
+    janet_assert(0, "bad format mapping");
+}
+
 static const char *scanformat(
     const char *strfrmt,
     char *form,
     char width[3],
     char precision[3]) {
     const char *p = strfrmt;
+
+    /* Parse strfrmt */
     memset(width, '\0', 3);
     memset(precision, '\0', 3);
     while (*p != '\0' && strchr(FMT_FLAGS, *p) != NULL)
         p++; /* skip flags */
-    if ((size_t)(p - strfrmt) >= sizeof(FMT_FLAGS) / sizeof(char))
-        janet_panic("invalid format (repeated flags)");
+    if ((size_t)(p - strfrmt) >= sizeof(FMT_FLAGS)) janet_panic("invalid format (repeated flags)");
     if (isdigit((int)(*p)))
         width[0] = *p++; /* skip width */
     if (isdigit((int)(*p)))
@@ -768,10 +823,23 @@ static const char *scanformat(
     }
     if (isdigit((int)(*p)))
         janet_panic("invalid format (width or precision too long)");
+
+    /* Write to form - replace characters with fixed size stuff */
     *(form++) = '%';
-    memcpy(form, strfrmt, ((p - strfrmt) + 1) * sizeof(char));
-    form += (p - strfrmt) + 1;
+    const char *p2 = strfrmt;
+    while (p2 <= p) {
+        char *loc = strchr(FMT_REPLACE_INTTYPES, *p2);
+        if (loc != NULL && *loc != '\0') {
+            const char *mapping = get_fmt_mapping(*p2++);
+            size_t len = strlen(mapping);
+            memcpy(form, mapping, len);
+            form += len;
+        } else {
+            *(form++) = *(p2++);
+        }
+    }
     *form = '\0';
+
     return p;
 }
 
@@ -791,16 +859,27 @@ void janet_formatbv(JanetBuffer *b, const char *format, va_list args) {
             c = scanformat(c, form, width, precision);
             switch (*c++) {
                 case 'c': {
-                    int n = va_arg(args, long);
+                    int n = va_arg(args, int);
                     nb = snprintf(item, MAX_ITEM, form, n);
                     break;
                 }
                 case 'd':
-                case 'i':
-                case 'o':
+                case 'i': {
+                    int64_t n = (int64_t) va_arg(args, int32_t);
+                    nb = snprintf(item, MAX_ITEM, form, n);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 'D':
+                case 'I': {
+                    int64_t n = va_arg(args, int64_t);
+                    nb = snprintf(item, MAX_ITEM, form, n);
+                    break;
+                }
                 case 'x':
-                case 'X': {
-                    int32_t n = va_arg(args, long);
+                case 'X':
+                case 'o':
+                case 'u': {
+                    uint64_t n = va_arg(args, uint64_t);
                     nb = snprintf(item, MAX_ITEM, form, n);
                     break;
                 }
@@ -844,7 +923,7 @@ void janet_formatbv(JanetBuffer *b, const char *format, va_list args) {
                     janet_buffer_push_cstring(b, typestr(va_arg(args, Janet)));
                     break;
                 case 'T': {
-                    int types = va_arg(args, long);
+                    int types = va_arg(args, int);
                     pushtypes(b, types);
                     break;
                 }
@@ -953,12 +1032,19 @@ void janet_buffer_format(
                                   janet_getinteger(argv, arg));
                     break;
                 }
+                case 'D':
+                case 'I':
                 case 'd':
-                case 'i':
-                case 'o':
+                case 'i': {
+                    int64_t n = janet_getinteger64(argv, arg);
+                    nb = snprintf(item, MAX_ITEM, form, n);
+                    break;
+                }
                 case 'x':
-                case 'X': {
-                    int32_t n = janet_getinteger(argv, arg);
+                case 'X':
+                case 'o':
+                case 'u': {
+                    uint64_t n = janet_getuinteger64(argv, arg);
                     nb = snprintf(item, MAX_ITEM, form, n);
                     break;
                 }
@@ -974,8 +1060,9 @@ void janet_buffer_format(
                     break;
                 }
                 case 's': {
-                    const uint8_t *s = janet_getstring(argv, arg);
-                    int32_t l = janet_string_length(s);
+                    JanetByteView bytes = janet_getbytes(argv, arg);
+                    const uint8_t *s = bytes.bytes;
+                    int32_t l = bytes.len;
                     if (form[2] == '\0')
                         janet_buffer_push_bytes(b, s, l);
                     else {

src/core/regalloc.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 #include "util.h"
 #endif
 
+/* The JanetRegisterAllocator is really just a bitset. */
+
 void janetc_regalloc_init(JanetcRegisterAllocator *ra) {
     ra->chunks = NULL;
     ra->count = 0;
@@ -139,6 +141,14 @@ void janetc_regalloc_free(JanetcRegisterAllocator *ra, int32_t reg) {
     ra->chunks[chunk] &= ~ithbit(bit);
 }
 
+/* Check if a register is set. */
+int janetc_regalloc_check(JanetcRegisterAllocator *ra, int32_t reg) {
+    int32_t chunk = reg >> 5;
+    int32_t bit = reg & 0x1F;
+    while (chunk >= ra->count) pushchunk(ra);
+    return !!(ra->chunks[chunk] & ithbit(bit));
+}
+
 /* Get a register that will fit in 8 bits (< 256). Do not call this
  * twice with the same value of nth without calling janetc_regalloc_free
  * on the returned register before. */

src/core/regalloc.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -56,5 +56,6 @@ int32_t janetc_regalloc_temp(JanetcRegisterAllocator *ra, JanetcRegisterTemp nth
 void janetc_regalloc_freetemp(JanetcRegisterAllocator *ra, int32_t reg, JanetcRegisterTemp nth);
 void janetc_regalloc_clone(JanetcRegisterAllocator *dest, JanetcRegisterAllocator *src);
 void janetc_regalloc_touch(JanetcRegisterAllocator *ra, int32_t reg);
+int janetc_regalloc_check(JanetcRegisterAllocator *ra, int32_t reg);
 
 #endif

src/core/run.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -23,45 +23,57 @@
 #ifndef JANET_AMALG
 #include "features.h"
 #include <janet.h>
+#include "state.h"
 #endif
 
 /* Run a string */
 int janet_dobytes(JanetTable *env, const uint8_t *bytes, int32_t len, const char *sourcePath, Janet *out) {
-    JanetParser parser;
+    JanetParser *parser;
     int errflags = 0, done = 0;
     int32_t index = 0;
     Janet ret = janet_wrap_nil();
+    JanetFiber *fiber = NULL;
     const uint8_t *where = sourcePath ? janet_cstring(sourcePath) : NULL;
 
     if (where) janet_gcroot(janet_wrap_string(where));
     if (NULL == sourcePath) sourcePath = "<unknown>";
-    janet_parser_init(&parser);
+    parser = janet_abstract(&janet_parser_type, sizeof(JanetParser));
+    janet_parser_init(parser);
+    janet_gcroot(janet_wrap_abstract(parser));
 
     /* While we haven't seen an error */
     while (!done) {
 
         /* Evaluate parsed values */
-        while (janet_parser_has_more(&parser)) {
-            Janet form = janet_parser_produce(&parser);
+        while (janet_parser_has_more(parser)) {
+            Janet form = janet_parser_produce(parser);
             JanetCompileResult cres = janet_compile(form, env, where);
             if (cres.status == JANET_COMPILE_OK) {
                 JanetFunction *f = janet_thunk(cres.funcdef);
-                JanetFiber *fiber = janet_fiber(f, 64, 0, NULL);
+                fiber = janet_fiber(f, 64, 0, NULL);
                 fiber->env = env;
                 JanetSignal status = janet_continue(fiber, janet_wrap_nil(), &ret);
                 if (status != JANET_SIGNAL_OK && status != JANET_SIGNAL_EVENT) {
-                    janet_stacktrace(fiber, ret);
+                    janet_stacktrace_ext(fiber, ret, "");
                     errflags |= 0x01;
                     done = 1;
                 }
             } else {
                 ret = janet_wrap_string(cres.error);
+                int32_t line = (int32_t) parser->line;
+                int32_t col = (int32_t) parser->column;
+                if ((cres.error_mapping.line > 0) &&
+                        (cres.error_mapping.column > 0)) {
+                    line = cres.error_mapping.line;
+                    col = cres.error_mapping.column;
+                }
                 if (cres.macrofiber) {
-                    janet_eprintf("compile error in %s: ", sourcePath);
-                    janet_stacktrace(cres.macrofiber, ret);
+                    janet_eprintf("%s:%d:%d: compile error", sourcePath,
+                                  line, col);
+                    janet_stacktrace_ext(cres.macrofiber, ret, "");
                 } else {
-                    janet_eprintf("compile error in %s: %s\n", sourcePath,
-                                  (const char *)cres.error);
+                    janet_eprintf("%s:%d:%d: compile error: %s\n", sourcePath,
+                                  line, col, (const char *)cres.error);
                 }
                 errflags |= 0x02;
                 done = 1;
@@ -71,16 +83,16 @@ int janet_dobytes(JanetTable *env, const uint8_t *bytes, int32_t len, const char
         if (done) break;
 
         /* Dispatch based on parse state */
-        switch (janet_parser_status(&parser)) {
+        switch (janet_parser_status(parser)) {
             case JANET_PARSE_DEAD:
                 done = 1;
                 break;
             case JANET_PARSE_ERROR: {
-                const char *e = janet_parser_error(&parser);
+                const char *e = janet_parser_error(parser);
                 errflags |= 0x04;
                 ret = janet_cstringv(e);
-                int32_t line = parser.line;
-                int32_t col = parser.column;
+                int32_t line = (int32_t) parser->line;
+                int32_t col = (int32_t) parser->column;
                 janet_eprintf("%s:%d:%d: parse error: %s\n", sourcePath, line, col, e);
                 done = 1;
                 break;
@@ -88,9 +100,9 @@ int janet_dobytes(JanetTable *env, const uint8_t *bytes, int32_t len, const char
             case JANET_PARSE_ROOT:
             case JANET_PARSE_PENDING:
                 if (index >= len) {
-                    janet_parser_eof(&parser);
+                    janet_parser_eof(parser);
                 } else {
-                    janet_parser_consume(&parser, bytes[index++]);
+                    janet_parser_consume(parser, bytes[index++]);
                 }
                 break;
         }
@@ -98,8 +110,21 @@ int janet_dobytes(JanetTable *env, const uint8_t *bytes, int32_t len, const char
     }
 
     /* Clean up and return errors */
-    janet_parser_deinit(&parser);
+    janet_gcunroot(janet_wrap_abstract(parser));
     if (where) janet_gcunroot(janet_wrap_string(where));
+#ifdef JANET_EV
+    /* Enter the event loop if we are not already in it */
+    if (janet_vm.stackn == 0) {
+        if (fiber) {
+            janet_gcroot(janet_wrap_fiber(fiber));
+        }
+        janet_loop();
+        if (fiber) {
+            janet_gcunroot(janet_wrap_fiber(fiber));
+            ret = fiber->last_value;
+        }
+    }
+#endif
     if (out) *out = ret;
     return errflags;
 }
@@ -121,7 +146,7 @@ int janet_loop_fiber(JanetFiber *fiber) {
     Janet out;
     status = janet_continue(fiber, janet_wrap_nil(), &out);
     if (status != JANET_SIGNAL_OK && status != JANET_SIGNAL_EVENT) {
-        janet_stacktrace(fiber, out);
+        janet_stacktrace_ext(fiber, out, "");
     }
 #endif
     return status;

src/core/specials.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 
 static JanetSlot janetc_quote(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     if (argn != 1) {
-        janetc_cerror(opts.compiler, "expected 1 argument");
+        janetc_cerror(opts.compiler, "expected 1 argument to quote");
         return janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_nil());
     }
     return janetc_cslot(argv[0]);
@@ -39,8 +39,12 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_quote(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv)
 
 static JanetSlot janetc_splice(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     JanetSlot ret;
+    if (!(opts.flags & JANET_FOPTS_ACCEPT_SPLICE)) {
+        janetc_cerror(opts.compiler, "splice can only be used in function parameters and data constructors, it has no effect here");
+        return janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_nil());
+    }
     if (argn != 1) {
-        janetc_cerror(opts.compiler, "expected 1 argument");
+        janetc_cerror(opts.compiler, "expected 1 argument to splice");
         return janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_nil());
     }
     ret = janetc_value(opts, argv[0]);
@@ -62,6 +66,8 @@ static JanetSlot quasiquote(JanetFopts opts, Janet x, int depth, int level) {
         return janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_nil());
     }
     JanetSlot *slots = NULL;
+    JanetFopts subopts = opts;
+    subopts.flags &= ~JANET_FOPTS_HINT;
     switch (janet_type(x)) {
         default:
             return janetc_cslot(x);
@@ -73,7 +79,9 @@ static JanetSlot quasiquote(JanetFopts opts, Janet x, int depth, int level) {
                 const uint8_t *head = janet_unwrap_symbol(tup[0]);
                 if (!janet_cstrcmp(head, "unquote")) {
                     if (level == 0) {
-                        return janetc_value(janetc_fopts_default(opts.compiler), tup[1]);
+                        JanetFopts subopts = janetc_fopts_default(opts.compiler);
+                        subopts.flags |= JANET_FOPTS_ACCEPT_SPLICE;
+                        return janetc_value(subopts, tup[1]);
                     } else {
                         level--;
                     }
@@ -82,7 +90,7 @@ static JanetSlot quasiquote(JanetFopts opts, Janet x, int depth, int level) {
                 }
             }
             for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
-                janet_v_push(slots, quasiquote(opts, tup[i], depth - 1, level));
+                janet_v_push(slots, quasiquote(subopts, tup[i], depth - 1, level));
             return qq_slots(opts, slots, (janet_tuple_flag(tup) & JANET_TUPLE_FLAG_BRACKETCTOR)
                             ? JOP_MAKE_BRACKET_TUPLE
                             : JOP_MAKE_TUPLE);
@@ -91,7 +99,7 @@ static JanetSlot quasiquote(JanetFopts opts, Janet x, int depth, int level) {
             int32_t i;
             JanetArray *array = janet_unwrap_array(x);
             for (i = 0; i < array->count; i++)
-                janet_v_push(slots, quasiquote(opts, array->data[i], depth - 1, level));
+                janet_v_push(slots, quasiquote(subopts, array->data[i], depth - 1, level));
             return qq_slots(opts, slots, JOP_MAKE_ARRAY);
         }
         case JANET_TABLE:
@@ -100,8 +108,8 @@ static JanetSlot quasiquote(JanetFopts opts, Janet x, int depth, int level) {
             int32_t len, cap = 0;
             janet_dictionary_view(x, &kvs, &len, &cap);
             while ((kv = janet_dictionary_next(kvs, cap, kv))) {
-                JanetSlot key = quasiquote(opts, kv->key, depth - 1, level);
-                JanetSlot value =  quasiquote(opts, kv->value, depth - 1, level);
+                JanetSlot key = quasiquote(subopts, kv->key, depth - 1, level);
+                JanetSlot value =  quasiquote(subopts, kv->value, depth - 1, level);
                 key.flags &= ~JANET_SLOT_SPLICED;
                 value.flags &= ~JANET_SLOT_SPLICED;
                 janet_v_push(slots, key);
@@ -115,7 +123,7 @@ static JanetSlot quasiquote(JanetFopts opts, Janet x, int depth, int level) {
 
 static JanetSlot janetc_quasiquote(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     if (argn != 1) {
-        janetc_cerror(opts.compiler, "expected 1 argument");
+        janetc_cerror(opts.compiler, "expected 1 argument to quasiquote");
         return janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_nil());
     }
     return quasiquote(opts, argv[0], JANET_RECURSION_GUARD, 0);
@@ -141,7 +149,7 @@ static int destructure(JanetCompiler *c,
                        JanetTable *attr) {
     switch (janet_type(left)) {
         default:
-            janetc_cerror(c, "unexpected type in destructuring");
+            janetc_error(c, janet_formatc("unexpected type in destructuring, got %v", left));
             return 1;
         case JANET_SYMBOL:
             /* Leaf, assign right to left */
@@ -154,6 +162,67 @@ static int destructure(JanetCompiler *c,
             for (int32_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                 JanetSlot nextright = janetc_farslot(c);
                 Janet subval = values[i];
+
+                if (janet_checktype(subval, JANET_SYMBOL) && !janet_cstrcmp(janet_unwrap_symbol(subval), "&")) {
+                    if (i + 1 >= len) {
+                        janetc_cerror(c, "expected symbol following '& in destructuring pattern");
+                        return 1;
+                    }
+
+                    if (i + 2 < len) {
+                        int32_t num_extra = len - i - 1;
+                        Janet *extra = janet_tuple_begin(num_extra);
+                        janet_tuple_flag(extra) |= JANET_TUPLE_FLAG_BRACKETCTOR;
+
+                        for (int32_t j = 0; j < num_extra; ++j) {
+                            extra[j] = values[j + i + 1];
+                        }
+
+                        janetc_error(c, janet_formatc("expected a single symbol follow '& in destructuring pattern, found %q", janet_wrap_tuple(janet_tuple_end(extra))));
+                        return 1;
+                    }
+
+                    if (!janet_checktype(values[i + 1], JANET_SYMBOL)) {
+                        janetc_error(c, janet_formatc("expected symbol following '& in destructuring pattern, found %q", values[i + 1]));
+                        return 1;
+                    }
+
+                    JanetSlot argi = janetc_farslot(c);
+                    JanetSlot arg  = janetc_farslot(c);
+                    JanetSlot len  = janetc_farslot(c);
+
+                    janetc_emit_si(c, JOP_LOAD_INTEGER, argi, i, 0);
+                    janetc_emit_ss(c, JOP_LENGTH, len, right, 0);
+
+                    /* loop condition - reuse arg slot for the condition result */
+                    int32_t label_loop_start = janetc_emit_sss(c, JOP_LESS_THAN, arg, argi, len, 0);
+                    int32_t label_loop_cond_jump = janetc_emit_si(c, JOP_JUMP_IF_NOT, arg, 0, 0);
+
+                    /* loop body */
+                    janetc_emit_sss(c, JOP_GET, arg, right, argi, 0);
+                    janetc_emit_s(c, JOP_PUSH, arg, 0);
+                    janetc_emit_ssi(c, JOP_ADD_IMMEDIATE, argi, argi, 1, 0);
+
+                    /* loop - jump back to the start of the loop */
+                    int32_t label_loop_loop = janet_v_count(c->buffer);
+                    janetc_emit(c, JOP_JUMP);
+                    int32_t label_loop_exit = janet_v_count(c->buffer);
+
+                    /* avoid shifting negative numbers */
+                    c->buffer[label_loop_cond_jump] |= (uint32_t)(label_loop_exit - label_loop_cond_jump) << 16;
+                    c->buffer[label_loop_loop] |= (uint32_t)(label_loop_start - label_loop_loop) << 8;
+
+                    janetc_freeslot(c, argi);
+                    janetc_freeslot(c, arg);
+                    janetc_freeslot(c, len);
+
+                    janetc_emit_s(c, JOP_MAKE_TUPLE, nextright, 1);
+
+                    leaf(c, janet_unwrap_symbol(values[i + 1]), nextright, attr);
+                    janetc_freeslot(c, nextright);
+                    break;
+                }
+
                 if (i < 0x100) {
                     janetc_emit_ssu(c, JOP_GET_INDEX, nextright, right, (uint8_t) i, 1);
                 } else {
@@ -194,7 +263,7 @@ static const Janet *janetc_make_sourcemap(JanetCompiler *c) {
 
 static JanetSlot janetc_varset(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     if (argn != 2) {
-        janetc_cerror(opts.compiler, "expected 2 arguments");
+        janetc_cerror(opts.compiler, "expected 2 arguments to set");
         return janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_nil());
     }
     JanetFopts subopts = janetc_fopts_default(opts.compiler);
@@ -236,14 +305,24 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_varset(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv)
 }
 
 /* Add attributes to a global def or var table */
-static JanetTable *handleattr(JanetCompiler *c, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
+static JanetTable *handleattr(JanetCompiler *c, const char *kind, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     int32_t i;
     JanetTable *tab = janet_table(2);
+    const char *binding_name = janet_type(argv[0]) == JANET_SYMBOL
+                               ? ((const char *)janet_unwrap_symbol(argv[0]))
+                               : "<multiple bindings>";
+    if (argn < 2) {
+        janetc_error(c, janet_formatc("expected at least 2 arguments to %s", kind));
+        return NULL;
+    }
     for (i = 1; i < argn - 1; i++) {
         Janet attr = argv[i];
         switch (janet_type(attr)) {
+            case JANET_TUPLE:
+                janetc_cerror(c, "unexpected form - did you intend to use defn?");
+                break;
             default:
-                janetc_cerror(c, "could not add metadata to binding");
+                janetc_error(c, janet_formatc("cannot add metadata %v to binding %s", attr, binding_name));
                 break;
             case JANET_KEYWORD:
                 janet_table_put(tab, attr, janet_wrap_true());
@@ -259,18 +338,52 @@ static JanetTable *handleattr(JanetCompiler *c, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv)
     return tab;
 }
 
-static JanetSlot dohead(JanetCompiler *c, JanetFopts opts, Janet *head, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
+typedef struct SlotHeadPair {
+    Janet lhs;
+    JanetSlot rhs;
+} SlotHeadPair;
+
+SlotHeadPair *dohead_destructure(JanetCompiler *c, SlotHeadPair *into, JanetFopts opts, Janet lhs, Janet rhs) {
+
+    /* Detect if we can do an optimization to avoid some allocations */
+    int can_destructure_lhs = janet_checktype(lhs, JANET_TUPLE)
+                              || janet_checktype(lhs, JANET_ARRAY);
+    int rhs_is_indexed = janet_checktype(rhs, JANET_ARRAY)
+                         || (janet_checktype(rhs, JANET_TUPLE) && (janet_tuple_flag(janet_unwrap_tuple(rhs)) & JANET_TUPLE_FLAG_BRACKETCTOR));
+    uint32_t has_drop = opts.flags & JANET_FOPTS_DROP;
+
     JanetFopts subopts = janetc_fopts_default(c);
-    JanetSlot ret;
-    if (argn < 2) {
-        janetc_cerror(c, "expected at least 2 arguments");
-        return janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_nil());
-    }
-    *head = argv[0];
     subopts.flags = opts.flags & ~(JANET_FOPTS_TAIL | JANET_FOPTS_DROP);
+
+    if (has_drop && can_destructure_lhs && rhs_is_indexed) {
+        /* Code is of the form (def [a b] [1 2]), avoid the allocation of two tuples */
+        JanetView view_lhs = {0};
+        JanetView view_rhs = {0};
+        janet_indexed_view(lhs, &view_lhs.items, &view_lhs.len);
+        janet_indexed_view(rhs, &view_rhs.items, &view_rhs.len);
+        int found_amp = 0;
+        for (int32_t i = 0; i < view_lhs.len; i++) {
+            if (janet_symeq(view_lhs.items[i], "&")) {
+                found_amp = 1;
+                /* Good error will be generated later. */
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!found_amp) {
+            for (int32_t i = 0; i < view_lhs.len; i++) {
+                Janet sub_rhs = view_rhs.len <= i ? janet_wrap_nil() : view_rhs.items[i];
+                into = dohead_destructure(c, into, subopts, view_lhs.items[i], sub_rhs);
+            }
+            return into;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* No optimization, do the simple way */
     subopts.hint = opts.hint;
-    ret = janetc_value(subopts, argv[argn - 1]);
-    return ret;
+    JanetSlot ret = janetc_value(subopts, rhs);
+    SlotHeadPair shp = {lhs, ret};
+    janet_v_push(into, shp);
+    return into;
 }
 
 /* Def or var a symbol in a local scope */
@@ -278,7 +391,17 @@ static int namelocal(JanetCompiler *c, const uint8_t *head, int32_t flags, Janet
     int isUnnamedRegister = !(ret.flags & JANET_SLOT_NAMED) &&
                             ret.index > 0 &&
                             ret.envindex >= 0;
-    if (!isUnnamedRegister) {
+    /* optimization for `(def x my-def)` - don't emit a movn/movf instruction, we can just alias my-def */
+    /* TODO - implement optimization for `(def x my-var)` correctly as well w/ de-aliasing */
+    int canAlias = !(flags & JANET_SLOT_MUTABLE) &&
+                   !(ret.flags & JANET_SLOT_MUTABLE) &&
+                   (ret.flags & JANET_SLOT_NAMED) &&
+                   (ret.index >= 0) &&
+                   (ret.envindex == -1);
+    if (canAlias) {
+        ret.flags &= ~JANET_SLOT_MUTABLE;
+        isUnnamedRegister = 1; /* don't free slot after use - is an alias for another slot */
+    } else if (!isUnnamedRegister) {
         /* Slot is not able to be named */
         JanetSlot localslot = janetc_farslot(c);
         janetc_copy(c, localslot, ret);
@@ -298,8 +421,20 @@ static int varleaf(
         /* Global var, generate var */
         JanetSlot refslot;
         JanetTable *entry = janet_table_clone(reftab);
-        JanetArray *ref = janet_array(1);
-        janet_array_push(ref, janet_wrap_nil());
+
+        Janet redef_kw = janet_ckeywordv("redef");
+        int is_redef = janet_truthy(janet_table_get(c->env, redef_kw));
+
+        JanetArray *ref;
+        JanetBinding old_binding;
+        if (is_redef && (old_binding = janet_resolve_ext(c->env, sym),
+                         old_binding.type == JANET_BINDING_VAR)) {
+            ref = janet_unwrap_array(old_binding.value);
+        } else {
+            ref = janet_array(1);
+            janet_array_push(ref, janet_wrap_nil());
+        }
+
         janet_table_put(entry, janet_ckeywordv("ref"), janet_wrap_array(ref));
         janet_table_put(entry, janet_ckeywordv("source-map"),
                         janet_wrap_tuple(janetc_make_sourcemap(c)));
@@ -314,11 +449,23 @@ static int varleaf(
 
 static JanetSlot janetc_var(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     JanetCompiler *c = opts.compiler;
-    Janet head;
-    JanetSlot ret = dohead(c, opts, &head, argn, argv);
-    if (c->result.status == JANET_COMPILE_ERROR)
+    JanetTable *attr_table = handleattr(c, "var", argn, argv);
+    if (c->result.status == JANET_COMPILE_ERROR) {
         return janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_nil());
-    destructure(c, argv[0], ret, varleaf, handleattr(c, argn, argv));
+    }
+    SlotHeadPair *into = NULL;
+    into = dohead_destructure(c, into, opts, argv[0], argv[argn - 1]);
+    if (c->result.status == JANET_COMPILE_ERROR) {
+        janet_v_free(into);
+        return janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_nil());
+    }
+    JanetSlot ret;
+    janet_assert(janet_v_count(into) > 0, "bad destructure");
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < janet_v_count(into); i++) {
+        destructure(c, into[i].lhs, into[i].rhs, varleaf, attr_table);
+        ret = into[i].rhs;
+    }
+    janet_v_free(into);
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -331,29 +478,78 @@ static int defleaf(
         JanetTable *entry = janet_table_clone(tab);
         janet_table_put(entry, janet_ckeywordv("source-map"),
                         janet_wrap_tuple(janetc_make_sourcemap(c)));
-        JanetSlot valsym = janetc_cslot(janet_ckeywordv("value"));
-        JanetSlot tabslot = janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_table(entry));
+
+        Janet redef_kw = janet_ckeywordv("redef");
+        int is_redef = janet_truthy(janet_table_get(c->env, redef_kw));
+        if (is_redef) janet_table_put(entry, redef_kw, janet_wrap_true());
+
+        if (is_redef) {
+            JanetBinding binding = janet_resolve_ext(c->env, sym);
+            JanetArray *ref;
+            if (binding.type == JANET_BINDING_DYNAMIC_DEF || binding.type == JANET_BINDING_DYNAMIC_MACRO) {
+                ref = janet_unwrap_array(binding.value);
+            } else {
+                ref = janet_array(1);
+                janet_array_push(ref, janet_wrap_nil());
+            }
+            janet_table_put(entry, janet_ckeywordv("ref"), janet_wrap_array(ref));
+            JanetSlot refslot = janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_array(ref));
+            janetc_emit_ssu(c, JOP_PUT_INDEX, refslot, s, 0, 0);
+        } else {
+            JanetSlot valsym = janetc_cslot(janet_ckeywordv("value"));
+            JanetSlot tabslot = janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_table(entry));
+            janetc_emit_sss(c, JOP_PUT, tabslot, valsym, s, 0);
+        }
 
         /* Add env entry to env */
         janet_table_put(c->env, janet_wrap_symbol(sym), janet_wrap_table(entry));
-
-        /* Put value in table when evaulated */
-        janetc_emit_sss(c, JOP_PUT, tabslot, valsym, s, 0);
     }
     return namelocal(c, sym, 0, s);
 }
 
 static JanetSlot janetc_def(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     JanetCompiler *c = opts.compiler;
-    Janet head;
-    opts.flags &= ~JANET_FOPTS_HINT;
-    JanetSlot ret = dohead(c, opts, &head, argn, argv);
-    if (c->result.status == JANET_COMPILE_ERROR)
+    JanetTable *attr_table = handleattr(c, "def", argn, argv);
+    if (c->result.status == JANET_COMPILE_ERROR) {
         return janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_nil());
-    destructure(c, argv[0], ret, defleaf, handleattr(c, argn, argv));
+    }
+    opts.flags &= ~JANET_FOPTS_HINT;
+    SlotHeadPair *into = NULL;
+    into = dohead_destructure(c, into, opts, argv[0], argv[argn - 1]);
+    if (c->result.status == JANET_COMPILE_ERROR) {
+        janet_v_free(into);
+        return janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_nil());
+    }
+    JanetSlot ret;
+    janet_assert(janet_v_count(into) > 0, "bad destructure");
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < janet_v_count(into); i++) {
+        destructure(c, into[i].lhs, into[i].rhs, defleaf, attr_table);
+        ret = into[i].rhs;
+    }
+    janet_v_free(into);
     return ret;
 }
 
+/* Check if a form matches the pattern (= nil _) or (not= nil _) */
+static int janetc_check_nil_form(Janet x, Janet *capture, uint32_t fun_tag) {
+    if (!janet_checktype(x, JANET_TUPLE)) return 0;
+    JanetTuple tup = janet_unwrap_tuple(x);
+    if (3 != janet_tuple_length(tup)) return 0;
+    Janet op1 = tup[0];
+    if (!janet_checktype(op1, JANET_FUNCTION)) return 0;
+    JanetFunction *fun = janet_unwrap_function(op1);
+    uint32_t tag = fun->def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_TAG;
+    if (tag != fun_tag) return 0;
+    if (janet_checktype(tup[1], JANET_NIL)) {
+        *capture = tup[2];
+        return 1;
+    } else if (janet_checktype(tup[2], JANET_NIL)) {
+        *capture = tup[1];
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * :condition
  * ...
@@ -374,6 +570,7 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_if(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     JanetScope condscope, tempscope;
     const int tail = opts.flags & JANET_FOPTS_TAIL;
     const int drop = opts.flags & JANET_FOPTS_DROP;
+    uint8_t ifnjmp = JOP_JUMP_IF_NOT;
 
     if (argn < 2 || argn > 3) {
         janetc_cerror(c, "expected 2 or 3 arguments to if");
@@ -387,6 +584,7 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_if(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     /* Get options */
     condopts = janetc_fopts_default(c);
     bodyopts = opts;
+    bodyopts.flags &= ~JANET_FOPTS_ACCEPT_SPLICE;
 
     /* Set target for compilation */
     target = (drop || tail)
@@ -395,12 +593,24 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_if(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
 
     /* Compile condition */
     janetc_scope(&condscope, c, 0, "if");
-    cond = janetc_value(condopts, argv[0]);
+
+    Janet condform = argv[0];
+    if (janetc_check_nil_form(condform, &condform, JANET_FUN_EQ)) {
+        ifnjmp = JOP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NIL;
+    } else if (janetc_check_nil_form(condform, &condform, JANET_FUN_NEQ)) {
+        ifnjmp = JOP_JUMP_IF_NIL;
+    }
+
+    cond = janetc_value(condopts, condform);
 
     /* Check constant condition. */
     /* TODO: Use type info for more short circuits */
     if (cond.flags & JANET_SLOT_CONSTANT) {
-        if (!janet_truthy(cond.constant)) {
+        int swap_condition = 0;
+        if (ifnjmp == JOP_JUMP_IF_NOT && !janet_truthy(cond.constant)) swap_condition = 1;
+        if (ifnjmp == JOP_JUMP_IF_NIL && janet_checktype(cond.constant, JANET_NIL)) swap_condition = 1;
+        if (ifnjmp == JOP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NIL && !janet_checktype(cond.constant, JANET_NIL)) swap_condition = 1;
+        if (swap_condition) {
             /* Swap the true and false bodies */
             Janet temp = falsebody;
             falsebody = truebody;
@@ -418,7 +628,7 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_if(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     }
 
     /* Compile jump to right */
-    labeljr = janetc_emit_si(c, JOP_JUMP_IF_NOT, cond, 0, 0);
+    labeljr = janetc_emit_si(c, ifnjmp, cond, 0, 0);
 
     /* Condition left body */
     janetc_scope(&tempscope, c, 0, "if-true");
@@ -428,7 +638,7 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_if(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
 
     /* Compile jump to done */
     labeljd = janet_v_count(c->buffer);
-    if (!tail) janetc_emit(c, JOP_JUMP);
+    if (!tail && !(drop && janet_checktype(falsebody, JANET_NIL))) janetc_emit(c, JOP_JUMP);
 
     /* Compile right body */
     labelr = janet_v_count(c->buffer);
@@ -463,6 +673,7 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_do(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
             subopts.flags = JANET_FOPTS_DROP;
         } else {
             subopts = opts;
+            subopts.flags &= ~JANET_FOPTS_ACCEPT_SPLICE;
         }
         ret = janetc_value(subopts, argv[i]);
         if (i != argn - 1) {
@@ -473,7 +684,6 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_do(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     return ret;
 }
 
-
 /* Compile an upscope form. Upscope forms execute their body sequentially and
  * evaluate to the last expression in the body, but without lexical scope. */
 static JanetSlot janetc_upscope(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
@@ -486,6 +696,7 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_upscope(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv
             subopts.flags = JANET_FOPTS_DROP;
         } else {
             subopts = opts;
+            subopts.flags &= ~JANET_FOPTS_ACCEPT_SPLICE;
         }
         ret = janetc_value(subopts, argv[i]);
         if (i != argn - 1) {
@@ -538,9 +749,8 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_break(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv)
         if (!(scope->flags & JANET_SCOPE_WHILE) && argn) {
             /* Closure body with return argument */
             subopts.flags |= JANET_FOPTS_TAIL;
-            JanetSlot ret = janetc_value(subopts, argv[0]);
-            ret.flags |= JANET_SLOT_RETURNED;
-            return ret;
+            janetc_value(subopts, argv[0]);
+            return janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_nil());
         } else {
             /* while loop IIFE or no argument */
             if (argn) {
@@ -548,9 +758,7 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_break(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv)
                 janetc_value(subopts, argv[0]);
             }
             janetc_emit(c, JOP_RETURN_NIL);
-            JanetSlot s = janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_nil());
-            s.flags |= JANET_SLOT_RETURNED;
-            return s;
+            return janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_nil());
         }
     } else {
         if (argn) {
@@ -563,20 +771,6 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_break(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv)
     }
 }
 
-/* Check if a form matches the pattern (not= nil _) */
-static int janetc_check_notnil_form(Janet x, Janet *capture) {
-    if (!janet_checktype(x, JANET_TUPLE)) return 0;
-    JanetTuple tup = janet_unwrap_tuple(x);
-    if (!janet_checktype(tup[0], JANET_FUNCTION)) return 0;
-    if (3 != janet_tuple_length(tup)) return 0;
-    JanetFunction *fun = janet_unwrap_function(tup[0]);
-    uint32_t tag = fun->def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_TAG;
-    if (tag != JANET_FUN_NEQ) return 0;
-    if (!janet_checktype(tup[1], JANET_NIL)) return 0;
-    *capture = tup[2];
-    return 1;
-}
-
 /*
  * :whiletop
  * ...
@@ -593,12 +787,13 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_while(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv)
     JanetScope tempscope;
     int32_t labelwt, labeld, labeljt, labelc, i;
     int infinite = 0;
+    int is_nil_form = 0;
     int is_notnil_form = 0;
     uint8_t ifjmp = JOP_JUMP_IF;
     uint8_t ifnjmp = JOP_JUMP_IF_NOT;
 
-    if (argn < 2) {
-        janetc_cerror(c, "expected at least 2 arguments");
+    if (argn < 1) {
+        janetc_cerror(c, "expected at least 1 argument to while");
         return janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_nil());
     }
 
@@ -606,11 +801,16 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_while(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv)
 
     janetc_scope(&tempscope, c, JANET_SCOPE_WHILE, "while");
 
-    /* Check for `(not= nil _)` in condition, and if so, use the
+    /* Check for `(= nil _)` or `(not= nil _)` in condition, and if so, use the
      * jmpnl or jmpnn instructions. This let's us implement `(each ...)`
      * more efficiently. */
     Janet condform = argv[0];
-    if (janetc_check_notnil_form(condform, &condform)) {
+    if (janetc_check_nil_form(condform, &condform, JANET_FUN_EQ)) {
+        is_nil_form = 1;
+        ifjmp = JOP_JUMP_IF_NIL;
+        ifnjmp = JOP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NIL;
+    }
+    if (janetc_check_nil_form(condform, &condform, JANET_FUN_NEQ)) {
         is_notnil_form = 1;
         ifjmp = JOP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NIL;
         ifnjmp = JOP_JUMP_IF_NIL;
@@ -622,7 +822,9 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_while(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv)
     /* Check for constant condition */
     if (cond.flags & JANET_SLOT_CONSTANT) {
         /* Loop never executes */
-        int never_executes = is_notnil_form
+        int never_executes = is_nil_form
+                             ? !janet_checktype(cond.constant, JANET_NIL)
+                             : is_notnil_form
                              ? janet_checktype(cond.constant, JANET_NIL)
                              : !janet_truthy(cond.constant);
         if (never_executes) {
@@ -713,7 +915,7 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_fn(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     JanetSlot ret;
     Janet head;
     JanetScope fnscope;
-    int32_t paramcount, argi, parami, arity, min_arity, max_arity, defindex, i;
+    int32_t paramcount, argi, parami, arity, min_arity = 0, max_arity, defindex, i;
     JanetFopts subopts = janetc_fopts_default(c);
     const Janet *params;
     const char *errmsg = NULL;
@@ -723,8 +925,10 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_fn(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     int structarg = 0;
     int allow_extra = 0;
     int selfref = 0;
+    int hasname = 0;
     int seenamp = 0;
     int seenopt = 0;
+    int namedargs = 0;
 
     /* Begin function */
     c->scope->flags |= JANET_SCOPE_CLOSURE;
@@ -740,6 +944,10 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_fn(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     head = argv[0];
     if (janet_checktype(head, JANET_SYMBOL)) {
         selfref = 1;
+        hasname = 1;
+        parami = 1;
+    } else if (janet_checktype(head, JANET_KEYWORD)) {
+        hasname = 1;
         parami = 1;
     }
     if (parami >= argn || !janet_checktype(argv[parami], JANET_TUPLE)) {
@@ -749,6 +957,9 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_fn(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
 
     /* Keep track of destructured parameters */
     JanetSlot *destructed_params = NULL;
+    JanetSlot *named_params = NULL;
+    JanetTable *named_table = NULL;
+    JanetSlot named_slot;
 
     /* Compile function parameters */
     params = janet_unwrap_tuple(argv[parami]);
@@ -756,49 +967,75 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_fn(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     arity = paramcount;
     for (i = 0; i < paramcount; i++) {
         Janet param = params[i];
-        if (janet_checktype(param, JANET_SYMBOL)) {
+        if (namedargs) {
+            arity--;
+            if (!janet_checktype(param, JANET_SYMBOL)) {
+                errmsg = "only named arguments can follow &named";
+                goto error;
+            }
+            Janet key = janet_wrap_keyword(janet_unwrap_symbol(param));
+            janet_table_put(named_table, key, param);
+            janet_v_push(named_params, janetc_farslot(c));
+        } else if (janet_checktype(param, JANET_SYMBOL)) {
             /* Check for varargs and unfixed arity */
-            if (!janet_cstrcmp(janet_unwrap_symbol(param), "&")) {
-                if (seenamp) {
-                    errmsg = "& in unexpected location";
-                    goto error;
-                } else if (i == paramcount - 1) {
-                    allow_extra = 1;
+            const uint8_t *sym = janet_unwrap_symbol(param);
+            if (sym[0] == '&') {
+                if (!janet_cstrcmp(sym, "&")) {
+                    if (seenamp) {
+                        errmsg = "& in unexpected location";
+                        goto error;
+                    } else if (i == paramcount - 1) {
+                        allow_extra = 1;
+                        arity--;
+                    } else if (i == paramcount - 2) {
+                        vararg = 1;
+                        arity -= 2;
+                    } else {
+                        errmsg = "& in unexpected location";
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                    seenamp = 1;
+                } else if (!janet_cstrcmp(sym, "&opt")) {
+                    if (seenopt) {
+                        errmsg = "only one &opt allowed";
+                        goto error;
+                    } else if (i == paramcount - 1) {
+                        errmsg = "&opt cannot be last item in parameter list";
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                    min_arity = i;
                     arity--;
-                } else if (i == paramcount - 2) {
-                    vararg = 1;
-                    arity -= 2;
-                } else {
-                    errmsg = "& in unexpected location";
-                    goto error;
-                }
-                seenamp = 1;
-            } else if (!janet_cstrcmp(janet_unwrap_symbol(param), "&opt")) {
-                if (seenopt) {
-                    errmsg = "only one &opt allowed";
-                    goto error;
-                } else if (i == paramcount - 1) {
-                    errmsg = "&opt cannot be last item in parameter list";
-                    goto error;
-                }
-                min_arity = i;
-                arity--;
-                seenopt = 1;
-            } else if (!janet_cstrcmp(janet_unwrap_symbol(param), "&keys")) {
-                if (seenamp) {
-                    errmsg = "&keys in unexpected location";
-                    goto error;
-                } else if (i == paramcount - 2) {
+                    seenopt = 1;
+                } else if (!janet_cstrcmp(sym, "&keys")) {
+                    if (seenamp) {
+                        errmsg = "&keys in unexpected location";
+                        goto error;
+                    } else if (i == paramcount - 2) {
+                        vararg = 1;
+                        structarg = 1;
+                        arity -= 2;
+                    } else {
+                        errmsg = "&keys in unexpected location";
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                    seenamp = 1;
+                } else if (!janet_cstrcmp(sym, "&named")) {
+                    if (seenamp) {
+                        errmsg = "&named in unexpected location";
+                        goto error;
+                    }
                     vararg = 1;
                     structarg = 1;
-                    arity -= 2;
+                    arity--;
+                    seenamp = 1;
+                    namedargs = 1;
+                    named_table = janet_table(10);
+                    named_slot = janetc_farslot(c);
                 } else {
-                    errmsg = "&keys in unexpected location";
-                    goto error;
+                    janetc_nameslot(c, sym, janetc_farslot(c));
                 }
-                seenamp = 1;
             } else {
-                janetc_nameslot(c, janet_unwrap_symbol(param), janetc_farslot(c));
+                janetc_nameslot(c, sym, janetc_farslot(c));
             }
         } else {
             janet_v_push(destructed_params, janetc_farslot(c));
@@ -810,6 +1047,7 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_fn(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     for (i = 0; i < paramcount; i++) {
         Janet param = params[i];
         if (!janet_checktype(param, JANET_SYMBOL)) {
+            janet_assert(janet_v_count(destructed_params) > j, "out of bounds");
             JanetSlot reg = destructed_params[j++];
             destructure(c, param, reg, defleaf, NULL);
             janetc_freeslot(c, reg);
@@ -817,15 +1055,37 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_fn(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     }
     janet_v_free(destructed_params);
 
+    /* Compile named arguments */
+    if (namedargs) {
+        Janet param = janet_wrap_table(named_table);
+        destructure(c, param, named_slot, defleaf, NULL);
+        janetc_freeslot(c, named_slot);
+        janet_v_free(named_params);
+    }
+
     max_arity = (vararg || allow_extra) ? INT32_MAX : arity;
     if (!seenopt) min_arity = arity;
 
-    /* Check for self ref */
+    /* Check for self ref (also avoid if arguments shadow own name) */
     if (selfref) {
-        JanetSlot slot = janetc_farslot(c);
-        slot.flags = JANET_SLOT_NAMED | JANET_FUNCTION;
-        janetc_emit_s(c, JOP_LOAD_SELF, slot, 1);
-        janetc_nameslot(c, janet_unwrap_symbol(head), slot);
+        /* Check if the parameters shadow the function name. If so, don't
+         * emit JOP_LOAD_SELF and add a binding since that most users
+         * seem to expect that function parameters take precedence over the
+         * function name */
+        const uint8_t *sym = janet_unwrap_symbol(head);
+        int32_t len = janet_v_count(c->scope->syms);
+        int found = 0;
+        for (int32_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            if (c->scope->syms[i].sym == sym) {
+                found = 1;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!found) {
+            JanetSlot slot = janetc_farslot(c);
+            slot.flags = JANET_SLOT_NAMED | JANET_FUNCTION;
+            janetc_emit_s(c, JOP_LOAD_SELF, slot, 1);
+            janetc_nameslot(c, sym, slot);
+        }
     }
 
     /* Compile function body */
@@ -848,7 +1108,7 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_fn(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     if (vararg) def->flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_VARARG;
     if (structarg) def->flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_STRUCTARG;
 
-    if (selfref) def->name = janet_unwrap_symbol(head);
+    if (hasname) def->name = janet_unwrap_symbol(head); /* Also correctly unwraps keyword */
     janet_def_addflags(def);
     defindex = janetc_addfuncdef(c, def);
 
@@ -892,4 +1152,3 @@ const JanetSpecial *janetc_special(const uint8_t *name) {
                sizeof(JanetSpecial),
                name);
 }
-

src/core/state.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -24,6 +24,11 @@
 #include "features.h"
 #include <janet.h>
 #include "state.h"
+#include "util.h"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+#include <windows.h>
 #endif
 
 JANET_THREAD_LOCAL JanetVM janet_vm;
@@ -53,9 +58,14 @@ void janet_vm_load(JanetVM *from) {
 }
 
 /* Trigger suspension of the Janet vm by trying to
- * exit the interpeter loop when convenient. You can optionally
+ * exit the interpreter loop when convenient. You can optionally
  * use NULL to interrupt the current VM when convenient */
 void janet_interpreter_interrupt(JanetVM *vm) {
     vm = vm ? vm : &janet_vm;
-    vm->auto_suspend = 1;
+    janet_atomic_inc(&vm->auto_suspend);
+}
+
+void janet_interpreter_interrupt_handled(JanetVM *vm) {
+    vm = vm ? vm : &janet_vm;
+    janet_atomic_dec(&vm->auto_suspend);
 }

src/core/state.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -23,8 +23,15 @@
 #ifndef JANET_STATE_H_defined
 #define JANET_STATE_H_defined
 
+#include <janet.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+#ifdef JANET_EV
+#ifndef JANET_WINDOWS
+#include <pthread.h>
+#endif
+#endif
+
 typedef int64_t JanetTimestamp;
 
 typedef struct JanetScratch {
@@ -54,7 +61,7 @@ typedef struct {
     int is_error;
 } JanetTimeout;
 
-/* Registry table for C functions - containts metadata that can
+/* Registry table for C functions - contains metadata that can
  * be looked up by cfunction pointer. All strings here are pointing to
  * static memory not managed by Janet. */
 typedef struct {
@@ -82,10 +89,10 @@ struct JanetVM {
 
     /* If this flag is true, suspend on function calls and backwards jumps.
      * When this occurs, this flag will be reset to 0. */
-    int auto_suspend;
+    volatile JanetAtomicInt auto_suspend;
 
     /* The current running fiber on the current thread.
-     * Set and unset by janet_run. */
+     * Set and unset by functions in vm.c */
     JanetFiber *fiber;
     JanetFiber *root_fiber;
 
@@ -93,6 +100,7 @@ struct JanetVM {
      * return point for panics. */
     jmp_buf *signal_buf;
     Janet *return_reg;
+    int coerce_error;
 
     /* The global registry for c functions. Used to store meta-data
      * along with otherwise bare c function pointers. */
@@ -101,7 +109,7 @@ struct JanetVM {
     size_t registry_count;
     int registry_dirty;
 
-    /* Registry for abstract abstract types that can be marshalled.
+    /* Registry for abstract types that can be marshalled.
      * We need this to look up the constructors when unmarshalling. */
     JanetTable *abstract_registry;
 
@@ -114,10 +122,12 @@ struct JanetVM {
 
     /* Garbage collection */
     void *blocks;
+    void *weak_blocks;
     size_t gc_interval;
     size_t next_collection;
     size_t block_count;
     int gc_suspend;
+    int gc_mark_phase;
 
     /* GC roots */
     Janet *roots;
@@ -129,6 +139,9 @@ struct JanetVM {
     size_t scratch_cap;
     size_t scratch_len;
 
+    /* Sandbox flags */
+    uint32_t sandbox_flags;
+
     /* Random number generator */
     JanetRNG rng;
 
@@ -137,6 +150,11 @@ struct JanetVM {
     JanetTraversalNode *traversal_top;
     JanetTraversalNode *traversal_base;
 
+    /* Thread safe strerror error buffer - for janet_strerror */
+#ifndef JANET_WINDOWS
+    char strerror_buf[256];
+#endif
+
     /* Event loop and scheduler globals */
 #ifdef JANET_EV
     size_t tq_count;
@@ -144,24 +162,29 @@ struct JanetVM {
     JanetQueue spawn;
     JanetTimeout *tq;
     JanetRNG ev_rng;
-    JanetListenerState **listeners;
-    size_t listener_count;
-    size_t listener_cap;
-    size_t extra_listeners;
+    volatile JanetAtomicInt listener_count; /* used in signal handler, must be volatile */
     JanetTable threaded_abstracts; /* All abstract types that can be shared between threads (used in this thread) */
+    JanetTable active_tasks; /* All possibly live task fibers - used just for tracking */
+    JanetTable signal_handlers;
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
     void **iocp;
 #elif defined(JANET_EV_EPOLL)
+    pthread_attr_t new_thread_attr;
     JanetHandle selfpipe[2];
     int epoll;
     int timerfd;
     int timer_enabled;
 #elif defined(JANET_EV_KQUEUE)
+    pthread_attr_t new_thread_attr;
     JanetHandle selfpipe[2];
     int kq;
     int timer;
     int timer_enabled;
 #else
+    JanetStream **streams;
+    size_t stream_count;
+    size_t stream_capacity;
+    pthread_attr_t new_thread_attr;
     JanetHandle selfpipe[2];
     struct pollfd *fds;
 #endif

src/core/string.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -71,10 +71,10 @@ int janet_string_compare(const uint8_t *lhs, const uint8_t *rhs) {
 int janet_string_equalconst(const uint8_t *lhs, const uint8_t *rhs, int32_t rlen, int32_t rhash) {
     int32_t lhash = janet_string_hash(lhs);
     int32_t llen = janet_string_length(lhs);
-    if (lhs == rhs)
-        return 1;
     if (lhash != rhash || llen != rlen)
         return 0;
+    if (lhs == rhs)
+        return 1;
     return !memcmp(lhs, rhs, rlen);
 }
 
@@ -173,10 +173,11 @@ static int32_t kmp_next(struct kmp_state *state) {
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_slice,
               "(string/slice bytes &opt start end)",
               "Returns a substring from a byte sequence. The substring is from "
-              "index start inclusive to index end exclusive. All indexing "
-              "is from 0. 'start' and 'end' can also be negative to indicate indexing "
-              "from the end of the string. Note that index -1 is synonymous with "
-              "index (length bytes) to allow a full negative slice range. ") {
+              "index `start` inclusive to index `end`, exclusive. All indexing "
+              "is from 0. `start` and `end` can also be negative to indicate indexing "
+              "from the end of the string. Note that if `start` is negative it is "
+              "exclusive, and if `end` is negative it is inclusive, to allow a full "
+              "negative slice range.") {
     JanetByteView view = janet_getbytes(argv, 0);
     JanetRange range = janet_getslice(argc, argv);
     return janet_stringv(view.bytes + range.start, range.end - range.start);
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_slice,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_symbol_slice,
               "(symbol/slice bytes &opt start end)",
-              "Same a string/slice, but returns a symbol.") {
+              "Same as string/slice, but returns a symbol.") {
     JanetByteView view = janet_getbytes(argv, 0);
     JanetRange range = janet_getslice(argc, argv);
     return janet_symbolv(view.bytes + range.start, range.end - range.start);
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_symbol_slice,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_keyword_slice,
               "(keyword/slice bytes &opt start end)",
-              "Same a string/slice, but returns a keyword.") {
+              "Same as string/slice, but returns a keyword.") {
     JanetByteView view = janet_getbytes(argv, 0);
     JanetRange range = janet_getslice(argc, argv);
     return janet_keywordv(view.bytes + range.start, range.end - range.start);
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_keyword_slice,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_repeat,
               "(string/repeat bytes n)",
-              "Returns a string that is n copies of bytes concatenated.") {
+              "Returns a string that is `n` copies of `bytes` concatenated.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 2);
     JanetByteView view = janet_getbytes(argv, 0);
     int32_t rep = janet_getinteger(argv, 1);
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_repeat,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_bytes,
               "(string/bytes str)",
-              "Returns an array of integers that are the byte values of the string.") {
+              "Returns a tuple of integers that are the byte values of the string.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     JanetByteView view = janet_getbytes(argv, 0);
     Janet *tup = janet_tuple_begin(view.len);
@@ -282,7 +283,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_asciiupper,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_reverse,
               "(string/reverse str)",
-              "Returns a string that is the reversed version of str.") {
+              "Returns a string that is the reversed version of `str`.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     JanetByteView view = janet_getbytes(argv, 0);
     uint8_t *buf = janet_string_begin(view.len);
@@ -308,8 +309,8 @@ static void findsetup(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, struct kmp_state *s, int32_t ex
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_find,
               "(string/find patt str &opt start-index)",
-              "Searches for the first instance of pattern patt in string "
-              "str. Returns the index of the first character in patt if found, "
+              "Searches for the first instance of pattern `patt` in string "
+              "`str`. Returns the index of the first character in `patt` if found, "
               "otherwise returns nil.") {
     int32_t result;
     struct kmp_state state;
@@ -323,7 +324,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_find,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_hasprefix,
               "(string/has-prefix? pfx str)",
-              "Tests whether str starts with pfx.") {
+              "Tests whether `str` starts with `pfx`.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 2);
     JanetByteView prefix = janet_getbytes(argv, 0);
     JanetByteView str = janet_getbytes(argv, 1);
@@ -334,7 +335,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_hasprefix,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_hassuffix,
               "(string/has-suffix? sfx str)",
-              "Tests whether str ends with sfx.") {
+              "Tests whether `str` ends with `sfx`.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 2);
     JanetByteView suffix = janet_getbytes(argv, 0);
     JanetByteView str = janet_getbytes(argv, 1);
@@ -347,9 +348,9 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_hassuffix,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_findall,
               "(string/find-all patt str &opt start-index)",
-              "Searches for all instances of pattern patt in string "
-              "str. Returns an array of all indices of found patterns. Overlapping "
-              "instances of the pattern are counted individually, meaning a byte in str "
+              "Searches for all instances of pattern `patt` in string "
+              "`str`. Returns an array of all indices of found patterns. Overlapping "
+              "instances of the pattern are counted individually, meaning a byte in `str` "
               "may contribute to multiple found patterns.") {
     int32_t result;
     struct kmp_state state;
@@ -364,14 +365,13 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_findall,
 
 struct replace_state {
     struct kmp_state kmp;
-    const uint8_t *subst;
-    int32_t substlen;
+    Janet subst;
 };
 
 static void replacesetup(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, struct replace_state *s) {
     janet_arity(argc, 3, 4);
     JanetByteView pat = janet_getbytes(argv, 0);
-    JanetByteView subst = janet_getbytes(argv, 1);
+    Janet subst = argv[1];
     JanetByteView text = janet_getbytes(argv, 2);
     int32_t start = 0;
     if (argc == 4) {
@@ -380,14 +380,15 @@ static void replacesetup(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, struct replace_state *s) {
     }
     kmp_init(&s->kmp, text.bytes, text.len, pat.bytes, pat.len);
     s->kmp.i = start;
-    s->subst = subst.bytes;
-    s->substlen = subst.len;
+    s->subst = subst;
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_replace,
               "(string/replace patt subst str)",
-              "Replace the first occurrence of patt with subst in the string str. "
-              "Will return the new string if patt is found, otherwise returns str.") {
+              "Replace the first occurrence of `patt` with `subst` in the string `str`. "
+              "If `subst` is a function, it will be called with `patt` only if a match is found, "
+              "and should return the actual replacement text to use. "
+              "Will return the new string if `patt` is found, otherwise returns `str`.") {
     int32_t result;
     struct replace_state s;
     uint8_t *buf;
@@ -397,10 +398,11 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_replace,
         kmp_deinit(&s.kmp);
         return janet_stringv(s.kmp.text, s.kmp.textlen);
     }
-    buf = janet_string_begin(s.kmp.textlen - s.kmp.patlen + s.substlen);
+    JanetByteView subst = janet_text_substitution(&s.subst, s.kmp.text + result, s.kmp.patlen, NULL);
+    buf = janet_string_begin(s.kmp.textlen - s.kmp.patlen + subst.len);
     safe_memcpy(buf, s.kmp.text, result);
-    safe_memcpy(buf + result, s.subst, s.substlen);
-    safe_memcpy(buf + result + s.substlen,
+    safe_memcpy(buf + result, subst.bytes, subst.len);
+    safe_memcpy(buf + result + subst.len,
                 s.kmp.text + result + s.kmp.patlen,
                 s.kmp.textlen - result - s.kmp.patlen);
     kmp_deinit(&s.kmp);
@@ -409,9 +411,11 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_replace,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_replaceall,
               "(string/replace-all patt subst str)",
-              "Replace all instances of patt with subst in the string str. Overlapping "
+              "Replace all instances of `patt` with `subst` in the string `str`. Overlapping "
               "matches will not be counted, only the first match in such a span will be replaced. "
-              "Will return the new string if patt is found, otherwise returns str.") {
+              "If `subst` is a function, it will be called with `patt` once for each match, "
+              "and should return the actual replacement text to use. "
+              "Will return the new string if `patt` is found, otherwise returns `str`.") {
     int32_t result;
     struct replace_state s;
     JanetBuffer b;
@@ -419,8 +423,9 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_replaceall,
     replacesetup(argc, argv, &s);
     janet_buffer_init(&b, s.kmp.textlen);
     while ((result = kmp_next(&s.kmp)) >= 0) {
+        JanetByteView subst = janet_text_substitution(&s.subst, s.kmp.text + result, s.kmp.patlen, NULL);
         janet_buffer_push_bytes(&b, s.kmp.text + lastindex, result - lastindex);
-        janet_buffer_push_bytes(&b, s.subst, s.substlen);
+        janet_buffer_push_bytes(&b, subst.bytes, subst.len);
         lastindex = result + s.kmp.patlen;
         kmp_seti(&s.kmp, lastindex);
     }
@@ -433,11 +438,11 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_replaceall,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_split,
               "(string/split delim str &opt start limit)",
-              "Splits a string str with delimiter delim and returns an array of "
-              "substrings. The substrings will not contain the delimiter delim. If delim "
+              "Splits a string `str` with delimiter `delim` and returns an array of "
+              "substrings. The substrings will not contain the delimiter `delim`. If `delim` "
               "is not found, the returned array will have one element. Will start searching "
-              "for delim at the index start (if provided), and return up to a maximum "
-              "of limit results (if provided).") {
+              "for `delim` at the index `start` (if provided), and return up to a maximum "
+              "of `limit` results (if provided).") {
     int32_t result;
     JanetArray *array;
     struct kmp_state state;
@@ -461,9 +466,9 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_split,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_checkset,
               "(string/check-set set str)",
-              "Checks that the string str only contains bytes that appear in the string set. "
-              "Returns true if all bytes in str appear in set, false if some bytes in str do "
-              "not appear in set.") {
+              "Checks that the string `str` only contains bytes that appear in the string `set`. "
+              "Returns true if all bytes in `str` appear in `set`, false if some bytes in `str` do "
+              "not appear in `set`.") {
     uint32_t bitset[8] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
     janet_fixarity(argc, 2);
     JanetByteView set = janet_getbytes(argv, 0);
@@ -488,7 +493,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_checkset,
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_join,
               "(string/join parts &opt sep)",
               "Joins an array of strings into one string, optionally separated by "
-              "a separator string sep.") {
+              "a separator string `sep`.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 1, 2);
     JanetView parts = janet_getindexed(argv, 0);
     JanetByteView joiner;
@@ -530,8 +535,31 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_join,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_format,
               "(string/format format & values)",
-              "Similar to snprintf, but specialized for operating with Janet values. Returns "
-              "a new string.") {
+              "Similar to C's `snprintf`, but specialized for operating with Janet values. Returns "
+              "a new string.\n\n"
+              "The following conversion specifiers are supported, where the upper case specifiers generate "
+              "upper case output:\n"
+              "- `c`: ASCII character.\n"
+              "- `d`, `i`: integer, formatted as a decimal number.\n"
+              "- `x`, `X`: integer, formatted as a hexadecimal number.\n"
+              "- `o`: integer, formatted as an octal number.\n"
+              "- `f`, `F`: floating point number, formatted as a decimal number.\n"
+              "- `e`, `E`: floating point number, formatted in scientific notation.\n"
+              "- `g`, `G`: floating point number, formatted in its shortest form.\n"
+              "- `a`, `A`: floating point number, formatted as a hexadecimal number.\n"
+              "- `s`: formatted as a string, precision indicates padding and maximum length.\n"
+              "- `t`: emit the type of the given value.\n"
+              "- `v`: format with (describe x)\n"
+              "- `V`: format with (string x)\n"
+              "- `j`: format to jdn (Janet data notation).\n"
+              "\n"
+              "The following conversion specifiers are used for \"pretty-printing\", where the upper-case "
+              "variants generate colored output. These specifiers can take a precision "
+              "argument to specify the maximum nesting depth to print.\n"
+              "- `p`, `P`: pretty format, truncating if necessary\n"
+              "- `m`, `M`: pretty format without truncating.\n"
+              "- `q`, `Q`: pretty format on one line, truncating if necessary.\n"
+              "- `n`, `N`: pretty format on one line without truncation.\n") {
     janet_arity(argc, 1, -1);
     JanetBuffer *buffer = janet_buffer(0);
     const char *strfrmt = (const char *) janet_getstring(argv, 0);
@@ -574,7 +602,7 @@ static void trim_help_args(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, JanetByteView *str, JanetB
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_trim,
               "(string/trim str &opt set)",
               "Trim leading and trailing whitespace from a byte sequence. If the argument "
-              "set is provided, consider only characters in set to be whitespace.") {
+              "`set` is provided, consider only characters in `set` to be whitespace.") {
     JanetByteView str, set;
     trim_help_args(argc, argv, &str, &set);
     int32_t left_edge = trim_help_leftedge(str, set);
@@ -587,7 +615,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_trim,
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_triml,
               "(string/triml str &opt set)",
               "Trim leading whitespace from a byte sequence. If the argument "
-              "set is provided, consider only characters in set to be whitespace.") {
+              "`set` is provided, consider only characters in `set` to be whitespace.") {
     JanetByteView str, set;
     trim_help_args(argc, argv, &str, &set);
     int32_t left_edge = trim_help_leftedge(str, set);
@@ -597,7 +625,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_triml,
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_string_trimr,
               "(string/trimr str &opt set)",
               "Trim trailing whitespace from a byte sequence. If the argument "
-              "set is provided, consider only characters in set to be whitespace.") {
+              "`set` is provided, consider only characters in `set` to be whitespace.") {
     JanetByteView str, set;
     trim_help_args(argc, argv, &str, &set);
     int32_t right_edge = trim_help_rightedge(str, set);

src/core/strtod.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@
  * because E is a valid digit in bases 15 or greater. For bases greater than
  * 10, the letters are used as digits. A through Z correspond to the digits 10
  * through 35, and the lowercase letters have the same values. The radix number
- * is always in base 10. For example, a hexidecimal number could be written
+ * is always in base 10. For example, a hexadecimal number could be written
  * '16rdeadbeef'. janet_scan_number also supports some c style syntax for
- * hexidecimal literals. The previous number could also be written
+ * hexadecimal literals. The previous number could also be written
  * '0xdeadbeef'.
  */
 
@@ -301,6 +301,7 @@ int janet_scan_number_base(
     if (base == 0) {
         base = 10;
     }
+    int exp_base = base;
 
     /* Skip leading zeros */
     while (str < end && (*str == '0' || *str == '.')) {
@@ -322,6 +323,12 @@ int janet_scan_number_base(
         } else if (*str == '&') {
             foundexp = 1;
             break;
+        } else if (base == 16 && (*str == 'P' || *str == 'p')) { /* IEEE hex float */
+            foundexp = 1;
+            exp_base = 10;
+            base = 2;
+            ex *= 4; /* We need to correct the current exponent after we change the base */
+            break;
         } else if (base == 10 && (*str == 'E' || *str == 'e')) {
             foundexp = 1;
             break;
@@ -360,9 +367,9 @@ int janet_scan_number_base(
         }
         while (str < end) {
             int digit = digit_lookup[*str & 0x7F];
-            if (*str > 127 || digit >= base) goto error;
+            if (*str > 127 || digit >= exp_base) goto error;
             if (ee < (INT32_MAX / 40)) {
-                ee = base * ee + digit;
+                ee = exp_base * ee + digit;
             }
             str++;
             seenadigit = 1;
@@ -489,4 +496,53 @@ int janet_scan_uint64(const uint8_t *str, int32_t len, uint64_t *out) {
     return 0;
 }
 
+/* Similar to janet_scan_number but allows for
+ * more numeric types with a given suffix. */
+int janet_scan_numeric(
+    const uint8_t *str,
+    int32_t len,
+    Janet *out) {
+    int result;
+    double num;
+    int64_t i64 = 0;
+    uint64_t u64 = 0;
+    if (len < 2 || str[len - 2] != ':') {
+        result = janet_scan_number_base(str, len, 0, &num);
+        *out = janet_wrap_number(num);
+        return result;
+    }
+    switch (str[len - 1]) {
+        default:
+            return 1;
+        case 'n':
+            result = janet_scan_number_base(str, len - 2, 0, &num);
+            *out = janet_wrap_number(num);
+            return result;
+        /* Condition is inverted janet_scan_int64 and janet_scan_uint64 */
+        case 's':
+            result = !janet_scan_int64(str, len - 2, &i64);
+            *out = janet_wrap_s64(i64);
+            return result;
+        case 'u':
+            result = !janet_scan_uint64(str, len - 2, &u64);
+            *out = janet_wrap_u64(u64);
+            return result;
+    }
+}
+
 #endif
+
+void janet_buffer_dtostr(JanetBuffer *buffer, double x) {
+#define BUFSIZE 32
+    janet_buffer_extra(buffer, BUFSIZE);
+    int count = snprintf((char *) buffer->data + buffer->count, BUFSIZE, "%.17g", x);
+#undef BUFSIZE
+    /* fix locale issues with commas */
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        char c = buffer->data[buffer->count + i];
+        if (c == ',') {
+            buffer->data[buffer->count + i] = '.';
+        }
+    }
+    buffer->count += count;
+}

src/core/struct.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -39,13 +39,14 @@ JanetKV *janet_struct_begin(int32_t count) {
     head->length = count;
     head->capacity = capacity;
     head->hash = 0;
+    head->proto = NULL;
 
     JanetKV *st = (JanetKV *)(head->data);
     janet_memempty(st, capacity);
     return st;
 }
 
-/* Find an item in a struct. Should be similar to janet_dict_find, but
+/* Find an item in a struct without looking for prototypes. Should be similar to janet_dict_find, but
  * specialized to structs (slightly more compact). */
 const JanetKV *janet_struct_find(const JanetKV *st, Janet key) {
     int32_t cap = janet_struct_capacity(st);
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ const JanetKV *janet_struct_find(const JanetKV *st, Janet key) {
  * preforms an in-place insertion sort. This ensures the internal structure of the
  * hash map is independent of insertion order.
  */
-void janet_struct_put(JanetKV *st, Janet key, Janet value) {
+void janet_struct_put_ext(JanetKV *st, Janet key, Janet value, int replace) {
     int32_t cap = janet_struct_capacity(st);
     int32_t hash = janet_hash(key);
     int32_t index = janet_maphash(cap, hash);
@@ -123,13 +124,19 @@ void janet_struct_put(JanetKV *st, Janet key, Janet value) {
                 dist = otherdist;
                 hash = otherhash;
             } else if (status == 0) {
-                /* A key was added to the struct more than once - replace old value */
-                kv->value = value;
+                if (replace) {
+                    /* A key was added to the struct more than once - replace old value */
+                    kv->value = value;
+                }
                 return;
             }
         }
 }
 
+void janet_struct_put(JanetKV *st, Janet key, Janet value) {
+    janet_struct_put_ext(st, key, value, 1);
+}
+
 /* Finish building a struct */
 const JanetKV *janet_struct_end(JanetKV *st) {
     if (janet_struct_hash(st) != janet_struct_length(st)) {
@@ -143,16 +150,43 @@ const JanetKV *janet_struct_end(JanetKV *st) {
                 janet_struct_put(newst, kv->key, kv->value);
             }
         }
+        janet_struct_proto(newst) = janet_struct_proto(st);
         st = newst;
     }
     janet_struct_hash(st) = janet_kv_calchash(st, janet_struct_capacity(st));
+    if (janet_struct_proto(st)) {
+        janet_struct_hash(st) += 2654435761u * janet_struct_hash(janet_struct_proto(st));
+    }
     return (const JanetKV *)st;
 }
 
+/* Get an item from a struct without looking into prototypes. */
+Janet janet_struct_rawget(const JanetKV *st, Janet key) {
+    const JanetKV *kv = janet_struct_find(st, key);
+    return kv ? kv->value : janet_wrap_nil();
+}
+
 /* Get an item from a struct */
 Janet janet_struct_get(const JanetKV *st, Janet key) {
-    const JanetKV *kv = janet_struct_find(st, key);
-    return kv ? kv->value : janet_wrap_nil();
+    for (int i = JANET_MAX_PROTO_DEPTH; st && i; --i, st = janet_struct_proto(st)) {
+        const JanetKV *kv = janet_struct_find(st, key);
+        if (NULL != kv && !janet_checktype(kv->key, JANET_NIL)) {
+            return kv->value;
+        }
+    }
+    return janet_wrap_nil();
+}
+
+/* Get an item from a struct, and record which prototype the item came from. */
+Janet janet_struct_get_ex(const JanetKV *st, Janet key, JanetStruct *which) {
+    for (int i = JANET_MAX_PROTO_DEPTH; st && i; --i, st = janet_struct_proto(st)) {
+        const JanetKV *kv = janet_struct_find(st, key);
+        if (NULL != kv && !janet_checktype(kv->key, JANET_NIL)) {
+            *which = st;
+            return kv->value;
+        }
+    }
+    return janet_wrap_nil();
 }
 
 /* Convert struct to table */
@@ -167,3 +201,118 @@ JanetTable *janet_struct_to_table(const JanetKV *st) {
     }
     return table;
 }
+
+/* C Functions */
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_struct_with_proto,
+              "(struct/with-proto proto & kvs)",
+              "Create a structure, as with the usual struct constructor but set the "
+              "struct prototype as well.") {
+    janet_arity(argc, 1, -1);
+    JanetStruct proto = janet_optstruct(argv, argc, 0, NULL);
+    if (!(argc & 1))
+        janet_panic("expected odd number of arguments");
+    JanetKV *st = janet_struct_begin(argc / 2);
+    for (int32_t i = 1; i < argc; i += 2) {
+        janet_struct_put(st, argv[i], argv[i + 1]);
+    }
+    janet_struct_proto(st) = proto;
+    return janet_wrap_struct(janet_struct_end(st));
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_struct_getproto,
+              "(struct/getproto st)",
+              "Return the prototype of a struct, or nil if it doesn't have one.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
+    JanetStruct st = janet_getstruct(argv, 0);
+    return janet_struct_proto(st)
+           ? janet_wrap_struct(janet_struct_proto(st))
+           : janet_wrap_nil();
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_struct_flatten,
+              "(struct/proto-flatten st)",
+              "Convert a struct with prototypes to a struct with no prototypes by merging "
+              "all key value pairs from recursive prototypes into one new struct.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
+    JanetStruct st = janet_getstruct(argv, 0);
+
+    /* get an upper bounds on the number of items in the final struct */
+    int64_t pair_count = 0;
+    JanetStruct cursor = st;
+    while (cursor) {
+        pair_count += janet_struct_length(cursor);
+        cursor = janet_struct_proto(cursor);
+    }
+
+    if (pair_count > INT32_MAX) {
+        janet_panic("struct too large");
+    }
+
+    JanetKV *accum = janet_struct_begin((int32_t) pair_count);
+    cursor = st;
+    while (cursor) {
+        for (int32_t i = 0; i < janet_struct_capacity(cursor); i++) {
+            const JanetKV *kv = cursor + i;
+            if (!janet_checktype(kv->key, JANET_NIL)) {
+                janet_struct_put_ext(accum, kv->key, kv->value, 0);
+            }
+        }
+        cursor = janet_struct_proto(cursor);
+    }
+    return janet_wrap_struct(janet_struct_end(accum));
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_struct_to_table,
+              "(struct/to-table st &opt recursive)",
+              "Convert a struct to a table. If recursive is true, also convert the "
+              "table's prototypes into the new struct's prototypes as well.") {
+    janet_arity(argc, 1, 2);
+    JanetStruct st = janet_getstruct(argv, 0);
+    int recursive = argc > 1 && janet_truthy(argv[1]);
+    JanetTable *tab = NULL;
+    JanetStruct cursor = st;
+    JanetTable *tab_cursor = tab;
+    do {
+        if (tab) {
+            tab_cursor->proto = janet_table(janet_struct_length(cursor));
+            tab_cursor = tab_cursor->proto;
+        } else {
+            tab = janet_table(janet_struct_length(cursor));
+            tab_cursor = tab;
+        }
+        /* TODO - implement as memcpy since struct memory should be compatible
+         * with table memory */
+        for (int32_t i = 0; i < janet_struct_capacity(cursor); i++) {
+            const JanetKV *kv = cursor + i;
+            if (!janet_checktype(kv->key, JANET_NIL)) {
+                janet_table_put(tab_cursor, kv->key, kv->value);
+            }
+        }
+        cursor = janet_struct_proto(cursor);
+    } while (recursive && cursor);
+    return janet_wrap_table(tab);
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_struct_rawget,
+              "(struct/rawget st key)",
+              "Gets a value from a struct `st` without looking at the prototype struct. "
+              "If `st` does not contain the key directly, the function will return "
+              "nil without checking the prototype. Returns the value in the struct.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 2);
+    JanetStruct st = janet_getstruct(argv, 0);
+    return janet_struct_rawget(st, argv[1]);
+}
+
+/* Load the struct module */
+void janet_lib_struct(JanetTable *env) {
+    JanetRegExt struct_cfuns[] = {
+        JANET_CORE_REG("struct/with-proto", cfun_struct_with_proto),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("struct/getproto", cfun_struct_getproto),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("struct/proto-flatten", cfun_struct_flatten),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("struct/to-table", cfun_struct_to_table),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("struct/rawget", cfun_struct_rawget),
+        JANET_REG_END
+    };
+    janet_core_cfuns_ext(env, NULL, struct_cfuns);
+}

src/core/symcache.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2021 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2025 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ static const uint8_t **janet_symcache_findmem(
         }
 notfound:
     *success = 0;
+    janet_assert(firstEmpty != NULL, "symcache failed to get memory");
     return firstEmpty;
 }
 
@@ -233,6 +234,7 @@ const uint8_t *janet_symbol_gen(void) {
     head->hash = hash;
     sym = (uint8_t *)(head->data);
     memcpy(sym, janet_vm.gensym_counter, sizeof(janet_vm.gensym_counter));
+    sym[head->length] = 0;
     janet_symcache_put((const uint8_t *)sym, bucket);
     return (const uint8_t *)sym;
 }