mirror of
https://github.com/janet-lang/janet
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188 lines
7.3 KiB
Markdown
188 lines
7.3 KiB
Markdown
[](https://travis-ci.org/janet-lang/janet)
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[](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/janet-lang/janet)
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<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/janet-lang/janet/master/assets/janet-w200.png" alt="Janet logo" width=200 align="left">
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**Janet** is a functional and imperative programming language and bytecode interpreter. It is a
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modern lisp, but lists are replaced
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by other data structures with better utility and performance (arrays, tables, structs, tuples).
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The language also bridging bridging to native code written in C, meta-programming with macros, and bytecode assembly.
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There is a repl for trying out the language, as well as the ability
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to run script files. This client program is separate from the core runtime, so
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janet could be embedded into other programs. Try janet in your browser at
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[https://janet-lang.org](https://janet-lang.org).
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#
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Implemented in mostly standard C99, janet runs on Windows, Linux and macOS.
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The few features that are not standard C (dynamic library loading, compiler specific optimizations),
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are fairly straight forward. Janet can be easily ported to new platforms.
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For syntax highlighting, there is some preliminary vim syntax highlighting in [janet.vim](https://github.com/janet-lang/janet.vim).
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Generic lisp syntax highlighting should, however, provide good results. One can also generate a janet.tmLanguage
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file for other programs with `make grammar`.
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## Use Cases
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Janet makes a good system scripting language, or a language to embed in other programs. Think Lua or Guile.
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## Features
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* Minimal setup - one binary and you are good to go!
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* First class closures
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* Garbage collection
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* First class green threads (continuations)
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* Python style generators (implemented as a plain macro)
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* Mutable and immutable arrays (array/tuple)
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* Mutable and immutable hashtables (table/struct)
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* Mutable and immutable strings (buffer/string)
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* Lisp Macros
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* Byte code interpreter with an assembly interface, as well as bytecode verification
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* Tailcall Optimization
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* Direct interop with C via abstract types and C functions
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* Dynamically load C libraries
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* Functional and imperative standard library
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* Lexical scoping
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* Imperative programming as well as functional
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* REPL
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* Parsing Expression Grammars built in to the core library
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* 300+ functions and macros in the core library
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* Embedding Janet in other programs
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* Interactive environment with detailed stack traces
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## Documentation
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Documentation can be found in the doc directory of
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the repository. There is an introduction
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section contains a good overview of the language.
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API documentation for all bindings can also be generated
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with `make docs`, which will create `build/doc.html`, which
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can be viewed with any web browser. This
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includes all forms in the core library except special forms.
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For individual bindings from within the REPL, use the `(doc symbol-name)` macro to get API
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documentation for the core library. For example,
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```
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(doc doc)
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```
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Shows documentation for the doc macro.
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To get a list of all bindings in the default
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environment, use the `(all-symbols)` function.
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## Installation
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Install a stable version of janet from the [releases page](https://github.com/janet-lang/janet/releases).
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Janet is prebuilt for a few systems, but if you want to develop janet, run janet on a non-x86 system, or
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get the latest, you must build janet from source. Janet is in alpha and may change
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in backwards incompatible ways.
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## Usage
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A repl is launched when the binary is invoked with no arguments. Pass the -h flag
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to display the usage information. Individual scripts can be run with `./janet myscript.janet`
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If you are looking to explore, you can print a list of all available macros, functions, and constants
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by entering the command `(all-symbols)` into the repl.
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```
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$ ./janet
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Janet 0.0.0 alpha Copyright (C) 2017-2018 Calvin Rose
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janet:1:> (+ 1 2 3)
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6
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janet:2:> (print "Hello, World!")
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Hello, World!
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nil
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janet:3:> (os.exit)
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$ ./janet -h
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usage: ./janet [options] scripts...
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Options are:
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-h Show this help
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-v Print the version string
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-s Use raw stdin instead of getline like functionality
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-e Execute a string of janet
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-r Enter the repl after running all scripts
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-p Keep on executing if there is a top level error (persistent)
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-- Stop handling option
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$
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```
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## Embedding
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The C API for Janet is not yet documented but coming soon.
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Janet can be embedded in a host program very easily. There is a make target `make amalg`
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which creates the file `build/janet.c`, which is a single C file that contains all the source
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to Janet. This file, along with `src/include/janet/janet.h` can dragged into any C project
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and compiled into the project. Janet should be compiled with `-std=c99` on most compilers, and
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will need to be linked to the math library, `-lm`, and the dynamic linker, `-ldl`, if one wants
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to be able to load dynamic modules. If there is no need for dynamic modules, add the define
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`-DJANET_NO_DYNAMIC_MODULES` to the compiler options.
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## Compiling and Running
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Janet only uses Make and batch files to compile on Posix and windows
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respectively. To configure janet, edit the header file src/include/janet/janet.h
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before compilation.
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### macos and Unix-like
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On most platforms, use Make to build janet. The resulting binary will be in `build/janet`.
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```sh
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cd somewhere/my/projects/janet
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make
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make test
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```
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After building, run `make install` to install the janet binary and libs.
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Will install in `/usr/local` by default, see the Makefile to customize.
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It's also recommended to set the `JANET_PATH` variable in your profile.
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This is where janet will look for imported libraries after the current directory.
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### FreeBSD
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FreeBSD build instructions are the same as the unix-like build instuctions,
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but you need `gmake` and `gcc` to compile.
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```
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cd somewhere/my/projects/janet
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gmake CC=gcc
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gmake test CC=gcc
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```
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### Windows
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1. Install [Visual Studio](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/thank-you-downloading-visual-studio/?sku=Community&rel=15#)
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or [Visual Studio Build Tools](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/thank-you-downloading-visual-studio/?sku=BuildTools&rel=15#)
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2. Run a Visual Studio Command Prompt (cl.exe and link.exe need to be on the PATH) and cd to the directory with janet.
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3. Run `build_win` to compile janet.
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4. Run `build_win test` to make sure everything is working.
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### Emscripten
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To build janet for the web via [Emscripten](https://kripken.github.io/emscripten-site/), make sure you
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have `emcc` installed and on your path. On a linux or macOS system, use `make emscripten` to build
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`janet.js` and `janet.wasm` - both are needed to run janet in a browser or in node.
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The JavaScript build is what runs the repl on the main website,
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but really serves mainly as a proof of concept. Janet will run slower in a browser.
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Building with emscripten on windows is currently unsupported.
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## Examples
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See the examples directory for some example janet code.
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## IRC
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Feel free to ask questions and join discussion on [the #janet channel on Freenode](https://webchat.freenode.net/)
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## Why Janet
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Janet is named after the almost omniscient and friendly artificial being in [The Good Place](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Good_Place).
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<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/janet-lang/janet/master/assets/janet-the-good-place.gif" alt="Janet logo" width="115px" align="left">
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