Remove word.

Still leave open the possibity for AI / tool usage for static analysis
and bug repots. However, the 5-15 lines of code limitation is fuzzy and
arbitrary. We can just say no.

.builds/freebsd.yml

@@ -10,3 +10,9 @@ tasks:
     gmake test
     sudo gmake install
     sudo gmake uninstall
+- build-sanitizers: |
+    cd janet
+    CFLAGS="-g -O2 -fsanitize=address,undefined" gmake
+    gmake test
+    sudo gmake install
+    sudo gmake uninstall

.builds/openbsd.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-image: openbsd/7.4
+image: openbsd/7.7
 sources:
 - https://git.sr.ht/~bakpakin/janet
 packages:
@@ -10,13 +10,17 @@ tasks:
     gmake
     gmake test
     doas gmake install
-    gmake test-install
     doas gmake uninstall
 - meson_min: |
     cd janet
     meson setup build_meson_min --buildtype=release -Dsingle_threaded=true -Dnanbox=false -Ddynamic_modules=false -Ddocstrings=false -Dnet=false -Dsourcemaps=false -Dpeg=false -Dassembler=false -Dint_types=false -Dreduced_os=true -Dffi=false
     cd build_meson_min
     ninja
+- meson_reduced: |
+    cd janet
+    meson setup build_meson_reduced --buildtype=release -Dreduced_os=true
+    cd build_meson_reduced
+    ninja
 - meson_prf: |
     cd janet
     meson setup build_meson_prf --buildtype=release -Dprf=true

.github/cosmo/setup

@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 set -e
 
-sudo apt update
+sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install -y ca-certificates libssl-dev\
-    qemu qemu-utils qemu-user-static\
+    qemu-utils qemu-user-static\
     texinfo groff\
     cmake ninja-build bison zip\
     pkg-config build-essential autoconf re2c
 
 # download cosmocc
 cd /sc
-wget https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/releases/download/3.3.3/cosmocc-3.3.3.zip
+wget https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/releases/download/4.0.2/cosmocc-4.0.2.zip
 mkdir -p cosmocc
 cd cosmocc
-unzip ../cosmocc-3.3.3.zip
+unzip ../cosmocc-4.0.2.zip
 
 # register
 cd /sc/cosmocc

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -27,15 +27,16 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           queries: +security-and-quality
+          tools: linked
 
       - name: Autobuild
-        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v2
+        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v3
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3
         with:
           category: "/language:${{ matrix.language }}"

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ ubuntu-latest, macos-13 ]
+        os: [ ubuntu-latest ]
     steps:
       - name: Checkout the repository
         uses: actions/checkout@master
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ macos-latest ]
+        os: [ macos-latest, macos-15-intel ]
     steps:
       - name: Checkout the repository
         uses: actions/checkout@master

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, macos-13 ]
+        os: [ ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, macos-14, macos-15-intel ]
     steps:
       - name: Checkout the repository
         uses: actions/checkout@master
@@ -21,11 +21,25 @@ jobs:
       - name: Test the project
         run: make test
 
+  test-posix-sanitizers:
+    name: Build and test on POSIX systems with sanitizers turned on
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ ubuntu-latest ]
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout the repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@master
+      - name: Compile the project
+        run: make clean && CFLAGS="-g -O2 -fsanitize=address,undefined" make
+      - name: Test the project
+        run: make test
+
   test-windows:
     name: Build and test on Windows
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ windows-latest, windows-2019 ]
+        os: [ windows-latest, windows-2022 ]
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout the repository
@@ -42,11 +56,32 @@ jobs:
         shell: cmd
         run: build_win dist
 
+  test-windows-sanitizers:
+    name: Build and test on Windows with sanitizers
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ windows-latest ]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout the repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@master
+      - name: Setup MSVC
+        uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
+      - name: Build the project
+        shell: cmd
+        run: set SANITIZE=1 & build_win
+      - name: Test the project
+        shell: cmd
+        run: set VERBOSE=1 & build_win test
+      - name: Test installer build
+        shell: cmd
+        run: build_win dist
+
   test-windows-min:
     name: Build and test on Windows Minimal build
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ windows-2019 ]
+        os: [ windows-2022 ]
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout the repository
@@ -132,7 +167,26 @@ jobs:
     steps:
     - name: Checkout the repository
       uses: actions/checkout@master
-    - name: Do Qemu build and test
-      run: |
-        docker run --rm --privileged multiarch/qemu-user-static --reset -p yes
-        docker run --rm -v .:/janet --platform linux/s390x ubuntu bash -c "apt-get -y update && apt-get -y install git build-essential && cd /janet && make -j3 && make test"
+    - name: Enable qemu
+      run: docker run --privileged --rm tonistiigi/binfmt --install s390x
+    - name: Build and run on emulated architecture
+      run: docker run --rm -v .:/janet --platform linux/s390x alpine sh -c "apk update && apk add --no-interactive git build-base && cd /janet && make -j3 && make test"
+
+  test-cosmo:
+    name: Test build for Cosmo
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout the repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@master
+      - name: create build folder
+        run: |
+          sudo mkdir -p /sc
+          sudo chmod -R 0777 /sc
+      - name: setup Cosmopolitan Libc
+        run: bash ./.github/cosmo/setup
+      - name: Set the version
+        run: echo "version=${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\//}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: Set the platform
+        run: echo "platform=cosmo" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: build Janet APE binary
+        run: bash ./.github/cosmo/build

.gitignore

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ janet
 /src/include/generated/*.h
 janet-*.tar.gz
 dist
+/tmp
 
 # jpm lockfile
 lockfile.janet

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,6 +1,84 @@
 # Changelog
 All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 
+## Unreleased - ???
+- Documentation fixes
+- ev/thread-chan deadlock bug fixed
+- Re-add removed support for non-blocking net/connect on windows.
+
+## 1.41.2 - 2026-02-18
+- Fix regressions in `put` for arrays and buffers.
+- Add `module/add-file-extension`
+- Add `module/add-syspath`
+- Fix issue with possible stack corrpution with abstract types that modify the current fiber.
+- Allow use of the interpreter and garbage collection inside module entry for native modules.
+
+## 1.41.1 - 2026-02-15
+- Revert to blocking behaior of `net/connect` on windows to fix spurious errors.
+- Allow overriding the loader when doing imports with the `:loader` argument.
+- Allow importing modules with a path extension to do what one would expect.
+- Add `find-all` argument to `module/find`
+- Add :threads, :unmarshal, :compiler, and :asm sandbox flags.
+- Add support for persistent REPL history with the environment variable `JANET_HISTFILE`
+- Fix a number of fuzzer-found compiler bugs
+- Fix windows processes launching bug with empty environment table that caused process-launch failures.
+- Add `:I`, `:V`, and `:N` flags to `os/open` for more control when creating streams.
+- Add `ev/go-gather` for a dynamic `ev/gather`.
+- Use color in script output if color is being used in REPL output.
+- Fix `varfn` macros handling of extra metadata.
+- Disallow certain degenerate uses of fibers with the ev/ module.
+- Add linting for unused bindings.
+- Add linting for extra or wrong parameters to &named functions.
+- Add `janet_optuinteger` and `janet_optuinteger64` to the C API.
+- Add `cms` combinator to PEGs.
+- Add `thaw-keep-keys` as a variant of thaw
+- The `repl` function now respects the `*repl-prompt*` dynamic binding by default.
+- Allow matching exact lengths of datastructures with the `match` macro using a dollar suffix.
+- Add initial support for Plan 9. Some modules (e.g. ev) are not yet enabled.
+- Allow specifying `:flycheck` for individual defines to annotate that they are safe to evaluate for flychecking.
+
+## 1.40.1 - 2025-11-16
+- Fix `JANET_REDUCED_OS` build regression caused by `os/posix-chroot`.
+- Code formatting
+
+## 1.40.0 - 2025-11-15
+- Add `os/posix-chroot`
+- Fix `ev/deadline` with interrupt race condition bug on Windows.
+- Improve `flycheck` by allowing functions and macros to define their own flycheck behavior via the metadata `:flycheck`.
+- Add `*flychecking*` dynamic binding to check if inside flycheck evalutation
+- Add `gcperthread` callback for abstract types. This lets threaded abstracts have a finalizer that is called per thread, as well as a global finalizer.
+- Add `JANET_DO_ERROR_*` flags to describe the return value of `janet_dobytes` and `janet_dostring`.
+
+## 1.39.1 - 2025-08-30
+- Add support for chdir in os/spawn on older macOS versions
+- Expose channels properly in C API
+
+## 1.39.0 - 2025-08-24
+- Various bug fixes
+- Add `net/socket`
+- Add support for illumos OS
+- Raise helpful errors for incorrect arguments to `import`.
+- Allow configuring `JANET_THREAD_LOCAL` during builds to allow multi-threading on unknown compilers.
+- Make `ffi/write` append to a buffer instead of insert at 0 by default.
+- Add `os/getpid` to get the current process id.
+- Add `:out` option to `os/spawn` to be able to redirect stderr to stdout with pipes.
+  Add `interrupt?` argument to `ev/deadline` to use VM interruptions.
+
+## 1.38.0 - 2025-03-18
+- Add `bundle/replace`
+- Add CLI flags for the `bundle/` module to install and manage bundles.
+- Improve `?` peg special termination behavior
+- Add IEEE hex floats to grammar.
+- Add buffer peg literal support
+- Improve `split` peg special edge case behavior
+- Add Arm64 .msi support
+- Add `no-reuse` argument to `net/listen` to disable reusing server sockets
+- Add `struct/rawget`
+- Fix `deep=` and `deep-not=` to better handle degenerate cases with mutable table keys
+- Long strings will now dedent on `\r\n` instead of just `\n`.
+- Add `ev/to-file` for synchronous resource operations
+- Improve `file/open` error message by including path
+
 ## 1.37.1 - 2024-12-05
 - Fix meson cross compilation
 - Update timeout documentation for networking APIs: timeouts raise errors and do not return nil.

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -37,6 +37,12 @@ may require changes before being merged.
   do this indentation, or approximate as close as possible. There is a janet formatter
   in [spork](https://github.com/janet-lang/spork.git) that can be used to format code as well.
 
+Bot pull requests will not be accepted, and anonymous submissions, including
+new accounts, unknown emails, and first time contributors will be subjected
+to greater scrutiny and code reivew. Automatically generated and filed bug
+reports MAY be ok, if they are of consistent and good quality, such as
+OSSFuzz or well constructed CI pipelines.
+
 ## C style
 
 For changes to the VM and Core code, you will probably need to know C. Janet is programmed with
@@ -61,7 +67,7 @@ ensure a consistent code style for C.
 
 ## Janet style
 
-All janet code in the project should be formatted similar to the code in core.janet.
+All janet code in the project should be formatted similar to the code in src/boot/boot.janet.
 The auto formatting from janet.vim will work well.
 
 ## Typo Fixing and One-Line changes
@@ -90,3 +96,18 @@ timely manner. In short, if you want extra functionality now, then build it.
 
 * Include a good description of the problem that is being solved
 * Include descriptions of potential solutions if you have some in mind.
+
+## LLMs, Tool Usage, and Transparency
+
+All usage of Large Language Models (LLMs), Neural Networks, "AI" tools, and
+other tools such as software fuzzers or static analyzers must be disclosed.
+This applies to pull requests, email patches, bug reports, and any other
+meaningful contribution to Janet's source code. Please also refrain from using
+generative AI for code that will be embedded in the Janet runtime, which include
+all C source files as well as boot.janet. All code should be well
+and completely understood by the human author, including test cases. Large and
+obviously AI-driven changes will be rejected. Be mindful and transparent on the
+copyright implications of any submitted code. We will use discretion when
+accepting generated test cases for bug reproductions, one-line bug
+fixes, or typo fixes. Often, these can be trivially rewritten by a human to
+avoid the problem.

LICENSE

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2023 Calvin Rose and contributors
+Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose and contributors
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
 this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in

Makefile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ SPORK_TAG?=master
 HAS_SHARED?=1
 DEBUGGER=gdb
 SONAME_SETTER=-Wl,-soname,
+STRIPFLAGS=-x -S
 
 # For cross compilation
 HOSTCC?=$(CC)
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ HOSTAR?=$(AR)
 # Symbols are (optionally) removed later, keep -g as default!
 CFLAGS?=-O2 -g
 LDFLAGS?=-rdynamic
-LIBJANET_LDFLAGS?=$(LD_FLAGS)
+LIBJANET_LDFLAGS?=$(LDFLAGS)
 RUN:=$(RUN)
 
 COMMON_CFLAGS:=-std=c99 -Wall -Wextra -Isrc/include -Isrc/conf -fvisibility=hidden -fPIC
@@ -79,6 +80,12 @@ ifeq ($(UNAME), Darwin)
 	LDCONFIG:=true
 else ifeq ($(UNAME), Linux)
 	CLIBS:=$(CLIBS) -lrt -ldl
+else ifeq ($(UNAME), SunOS)
+	BUILD_CFLAGS+=-D__EXTENSIONS__ -DJANET_NO_NANBOX
+	BOOT_CFLAGS+=-D__EXTENSIONS__ -DJANET_NO_NANBOX
+	CLIBS:=-lsocket -lm
+	STRIPFLAGS=-x
+	LDCONFIG:=false
 endif
 
 # For other unix likes, add flags here!
@@ -94,12 +101,18 @@ endif
 endif
 
 # Mingw
+MINGW_COMPILER=
 ifeq ($(findstring MINGW,$(UNAME)), MINGW)
+	MINGW_COMPILER=gcc
 	CLIBS:=-lws2_32 -lpsapi -lwsock32
 	LDFLAGS:=-Wl,--out-implib,$(JANET_IMPORT_LIB)
 	LIBJANET_LDFLAGS:=-Wl,--out-implib,$(JANET_LIBRARY_IMPORT_LIB)
 	JANET_TARGET:=$(JANET_TARGET).exe
 	JANET_BOOT:=$(JANET_BOOT).exe
+	COMPILER_VERSION:=$(shell $(CC) --version)
+	ifeq ($(findstring clang,$(COMPILER_VERSION)), clang)
+		MINGW_COMPILER=clang
+	endif
 endif
 
 
@@ -206,9 +219,14 @@ build/%.bin.o: src/%.c $(JANET_HEADERS) $(JANET_LOCAL_HEADERS) Makefile
 ########################
 
 ifeq ($(UNAME), Darwin)
-SONAME=libjanet.1.37.dylib
+SONAME=libjanet.1.41.dylib
 else
-SONAME=libjanet.so.1.37
+SONAME=libjanet.so.1.41
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(MINGW_COMPILER), clang)
+	SONAME=
+	SONAME_SETTER=
 endif
 
 build/c/shell.c: src/mainclient/shell.c
@@ -242,6 +260,7 @@ $(JANET_STATIC_LIBRARY): $(JANET_TARGET_OBJECTS)
 # Testing assumes HOSTCC=CC
 
 TEST_SCRIPTS=$(wildcard test/suite*.janet)
+EXAMPLE_SCRIPTS=$(wildcard examples/*.janet)
 
 repl: $(JANET_TARGET)
 	$(RUN) ./$(JANET_TARGET)
@@ -249,21 +268,26 @@ repl: $(JANET_TARGET)
 debug: $(JANET_TARGET)
 	$(DEBUGGER) ./$(JANET_TARGET)
 
-VALGRIND_COMMAND=valgrind --leak-check=full --quiet
+VALGRIND_COMMAND=$(RUN) valgrind --leak-check=full --quiet
+CALLGRIND_COMMAND=$(RUN) valgrind --tool=callgrind
 
 valgrind: $(JANET_TARGET)
 	$(VALGRIND_COMMAND) ./$(JANET_TARGET)
 
-test: $(JANET_TARGET) $(TEST_PROGRAMS)
+test: $(JANET_TARGET) $(TEST_SCRIPTS) $(EXAMPLE_SCRIPTS)
 	for f in test/suite*.janet; do $(RUN) ./$(JANET_TARGET) "$$f" || exit; done
 	for f in examples/*.janet; do $(RUN) ./$(JANET_TARGET) -k "$$f"; done
 
-valtest: $(JANET_TARGET) $(TEST_PROGRAMS)
+valtest: $(JANET_TARGET) $(TEST_SCRIPTS) $(EXAMPLE_SCRIPTS)
 	for f in test/suite*.janet; do $(VALGRIND_COMMAND) ./$(JANET_TARGET) "$$f" || exit; done
-	for f in examples/*.janet; do ./$(JANET_TARGET) -k "$$f"; done
+	for f in examples/*.janet; do $(VALGRIND_COMMAND) ./$(JANET_TARGET) -k "$$f"; done
 
 callgrind: $(JANET_TARGET)
-	for f in test/suite*.janet; do valgrind --tool=callgrind ./$(JANET_TARGET) "$$f" || exit; done
+	$(CALLGRIND_COMMAND) ./$(JANET_TARGET)
+
+calltest: $(JANET_TARGET) $(TEST_SCRIPTS) $(EXAMPLE_SCRIPTS)
+	for f in test/suite*.janet; do $(CALLGRIND_COMMAND) ./$(JANET_TARGET) "$$f" || exit; done
+	for f in examples/*.janet; do $(CALLGRIND_COMMAND) ./$(JANET_TARGET) -k "$$f"; done
 
 ########################
 ##### Distribution #####
@@ -277,7 +301,7 @@ build/janet-%.tar.gz: $(JANET_TARGET) \
 	README.md build/c/janet.c build/c/shell.c
 	mkdir -p build/$(JANET_DIST_DIR)/bin
 	cp $(JANET_TARGET) build/$(JANET_DIST_DIR)/bin/
-	strip -x -S 'build/$(JANET_DIST_DIR)/bin/janet'
+	strip $(STRIPFLAGS) 'build/$(JANET_DIST_DIR)/bin/janet'
 	mkdir -p build/$(JANET_DIST_DIR)/include
 	cp build/janet.h build/$(JANET_DIST_DIR)/include/
 	mkdir -p build/$(JANET_DIST_DIR)/lib/
@@ -322,22 +346,23 @@ build/janet.pc: $(JANET_TARGET)
 	echo 'Libs.private: $(CLIBS)' >> $@
 
 install: $(JANET_TARGET) $(JANET_LIBRARY) $(JANET_STATIC_LIBRARY) build/janet.pc build/janet.h
+	$(eval JANET_VERSION := $(shell $(JANET_TARGET) -e '(print janet/version)'))
 	mkdir -p '$(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)'
 	cp $(JANET_TARGET) '$(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)/janet'
-	strip -x -S '$(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)/janet'
+	strip $(STRIPFLAGS) '$(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)/janet'
 	mkdir -p '$(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDEDIR)/janet'
 	cp -r build/janet.h '$(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDEDIR)/janet'
 	ln -sf ./janet/janet.h '$(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDEDIR)/janet.h'
 	mkdir -p '$(DESTDIR)$(JANET_PATH)'
 	mkdir -p '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)'
 	if test $(UNAME) = Darwin ; then \
-		cp $(JANET_LIBRARY) '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/libjanet.$(shell $(JANET_TARGET) -e '(print janet/version)').dylib' ; \
+		cp $(JANET_LIBRARY) '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/libjanet.$(JANET_VERSION).dylib' ; \
 		ln -sf $(SONAME) '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/libjanet.dylib' ; \
-		ln -sf libjanet.$(shell $(JANET_TARGET) -e '(print janet/version)').dylib $(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/$(SONAME) ; \
+		ln -sf libjanet.$(JANET_VERSION).dylib $(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/$(SONAME) ; \
 	else \
-		cp $(JANET_LIBRARY) '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/libjanet.so.$(shell $(JANET_TARGET) -e '(print janet/version)')' ; \
+		cp $(JANET_LIBRARY) '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/libjanet.so.$(JANET_VERSION)' ; \
 		ln -sf $(SONAME) '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/libjanet.so' ; \
-		ln -sf libjanet.so.$(shell $(JANET_TARGET) -e '(print janet/version)') $(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/$(SONAME) ; \
+		ln -sf libjanet.so.$(JANET_VERSION) $(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/$(SONAME) ; \
 	fi
 	cp $(JANET_STATIC_LIBRARY) '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/libjanet.a'
 	mkdir -p '$(DESTDIR)$(JANET_MANPATH)'
@@ -394,9 +419,6 @@ clean:
 	-rm -rf build vgcore.* callgrind.*
 	-rm -rf test/install/build test/install/modpath
 
-test-install:
-	echo "JPM has been removed from default install."
-
 help:
 	@echo
 	@echo 'Janet: A Dynamic Language & Bytecode VM'
@@ -408,7 +430,8 @@ help:
 	@echo '   make test       Test a built Janet'
 	@echo '   make valgrind   Assess Janet with Valgrind'
 	@echo '   make callgrind  Assess Janet with Valgrind, using Callgrind'
-	@echo '   make valtest    Run the test suite with Valgrind to check for memory leaks'
+	@echo '   make valtest    Run the test suite and examples with Valgrind to check for memory leaks'
+	@echo '   make calltest   Run the test suite and examples with Callgrind'
 	@echo '   make dist       Create a distribution tarball'
 	@echo '   make docs       Generate documentation'
 	@echo '   make debug      Run janet with GDB or LLDB'
@@ -418,6 +441,9 @@ help:
 	@echo "   make format     Format Janet's own source files"
 	@echo '   make grammar    Generate a TextMate language grammar'
 	@echo
+	@echo '   make install-jpm-git   Install jpm into the current filesystem'
+	@echo '   make install-spork-git Install spork into the current filesystem'
+	@echo
 
-.PHONY: clean install repl debug valgrind test \
-	valtest dist uninstall docs grammar format help compile-commands
+.PHONY: clean install install-jpm-git install-spork-git repl debug valgrind test \
+	valtest callgrind callgrind-test dist uninstall docs grammar format help compile-commands

README.md

@@ -148,8 +148,40 @@ You can get the source on [GitHub](https://github.com/janet-lang/janet) or
 [SourceHut](https://git.sr.ht/~bakpakin/janet). While the GitHub repo is the official repo,
 the SourceHut mirror is actively maintained.
 
+## Spork and JPM
+
+Spork and JPM are two companion projects to Janet. They are optional, especially in an embedding use case.
+
+Spork is a collection of common utility modules, and several packaged scripts
+like `janet-format` for code formatting, `janet-netrepl` for a socket-based
+REPL, and `janet-pm` for a comprehensive Janet project manager tool. The
+modules in `spork` are less stable than the interfaces in core Janet, although
+we try to prevent breaking changes to existing modules, with a preference to
+add new modules and functions. Spork requires a C compiler to build and install
+various extenstion components such as miniz and JSON utilities. Many spork
+sub-modules, for example spork/path, are independent and can be manually
+vendored in programmer projects without fully installing spork.
+
+When install Spork, scripts will be installed to $JANET_PATH/bin/ on POSIX systems by default.
+This likely needs to be added to the path to use these scripts.
+
+JPM is the older, more opinionated, project manager tool, which has it's pros
+and cons. It does not require a C compiler to build and install, but is less
+flexible and is not receiving many changes and improvements going forward. It
+may also be harder to configure correctly on new systems. In that sense, it may
+be more stable.
+
+JPM will install to /usr/local/bin/ on posix systems by default, which may or
+may not be on your PATH.
+
 ## Building
 
+When building from source, for stability, please use the latest tagged release. For
+example, run `git checkout $(git describe --tags --abbrev=0)` after cloning but
+before building. For the latest development, build directly on the master
+branch. The master branch is not-necessarily stable as most Janet development
+happens directly on the master branch.
+
 ### macOS and Unix-like
 
 The Makefile is non-portable and requires GNU-flavored make.
@@ -160,11 +192,34 @@ make
 make test
 make repl
 make install
-make install-jpm-git
+make install-spork-git # optional
+make install-jpm-git # optional
 ```
 
 Find out more about the available make targets by running `make help`.
 
+### Alpine Linux
+
+To build a statically-linked build of Janet, Alpine Linux + MUSL is a good
+combination. Janet can also be built inside a docker container or similar in
+this manner. This is a great way to try Janet without committing to a full
+install or needing to customize the default install.
+
+```sh
+docker run -it --rm alpine /bin/ash
+$ apk add make gcc musl-dev git
+$ git clone https://github.com/janet-lang/janet.git
+$ cd janet
+$ make -j10
+$ make test
+$ make install
+$ make install-spork-git # optional
+$ make install-jpm-git # optional
+```
+
+Note that for a true statically-linked binary with MUSL, one needs to add `-static` to the Makefile flags. This
+will also disable runtime loading of native modules (plugins) as well as the FFI.
+
 ### 32-bit Haiku
 
 32-bit Haiku build instructions are the same as the UNIX-like build instructions,
@@ -176,7 +231,8 @@ make CC=gcc-x86
 make test
 make repl
 make install
-make install-jpm-git
+make install-spork-git # optional
+make install-jpm-git # optional
 ```
 
 ### FreeBSD
@@ -190,7 +246,8 @@ gmake
 gmake test
 gmake repl
 gmake install
-gmake install-jpm-git
+gmake install-spork-git # optional
+gmake install-jpm-git # optional
 ```
 
 ### NetBSD
@@ -198,6 +255,10 @@ gmake install-jpm-git
 NetBSD build instructions are the same as the FreeBSD build instructions.
 Alternatively, install the package directly with `pkgin install janet`.
 
+### illumos
+
+Building on illumos is exactly the same as building on FreeBSD.
+
 ### Windows
 
 1. Install [Visual Studio](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/thank-you-downloading-visual-studio/?sku=Community&rel=15#) or [Visual Studio Build Tools](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/thank-you-downloading-visual-studio/?sku=BuildTools&rel=15#).
@@ -207,7 +268,7 @@ Alternatively, install the package directly with `pkgin install janet`.
 
 To build an `.msi` installer executable, in addition to the above steps, you will have to:
 
-5. Install, or otherwise add to your PATH the [WiX 3.11 Toolset](https://github.com/wixtoolset/wix3/releases).
+5. Install, or otherwise add to your PATH the [WiX 3.14 Toolset](https://github.com/wixtoolset/wix3/releases).
 6. Run `build_win dist`.
 
 Now you should have an `.msi`. You can run `build_win install` to install the `.msi`, or execute the file itself.
@@ -301,8 +362,8 @@ If installed, you can also run `man janet` to get usage information.
 ## Embedding
 
 Janet can be embedded in a host program very easily. The normal build
-will create a file `build/janet.c`, which is a single C file
-that contains all the source to Janet. This file, along with
+will create a file `build/c/janet.c`, a C source code file that
+that contains the amalgamated source to Janet. This file, along with
 `src/include/janet.h` and `src/conf/janetconf.h`, can be dragged into any C
 project and compiled into it. Janet should be compiled with `-std=c99`
 on most compilers, and will need to be linked to the math library, `-lm`, and

build_win.bat

@@ -23,7 +23,17 @@
 @rem set JANET_COMPILE=cl /nologo /Isrc\include /Isrc\conf /c /O2 /W3 /D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS /MD /fsanitize=address /Zi
 @rem set JANET_LINK=link /nologo clang_rt.asan_dynamic-x86_64.lib clang_rt.asan_dynamic_runtime_thunk-x86_64.lib
 
-@set JANET_COMPILE=cl /nologo /Isrc\include /Isrc\conf /c /O2 /W3 /D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS /MD
+if DEFINED CLANG (
+    @set COMPILER=clang-cl.exe
+) else (
+    @set COMPILER=cl.exe
+)
+if DEFINED SANITIZE (
+    @set "SANITIZERS=/fsanitize=address"
+) else (
+    @set "SANITIZERS="
+)
+@set JANET_COMPILE=%COMPILER% /nologo /Isrc\include /Isrc\conf /c /O2 /W3 /D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS /MD %SANITIZERS%
 @set JANET_LINK=link /nologo
 
 @set JANET_LINK_STATIC=lib /nologo
@@ -41,34 +51,35 @@ if not exist build\boot mkdir build\boot
 @rem Build the bootstrap interpreter
 for %%f in (src\core\*.c) do (
     %JANET_COMPILE% /DJANET_BOOTSTRAP /Fobuild\boot\%%~nf.obj %%f
-    @if not errorlevel 0 goto :BUILDFAIL
+    @if errorlevel 1 goto :BUILDFAIL
 )
 for %%f in (src\boot\*.c) do (
     %JANET_COMPILE% /DJANET_BOOTSTRAP /Fobuild\boot\%%~nf.obj %%f
-    @if not errorlevel 0 goto :BUILDFAIL
+    @if errorlevel 1 goto :BUILDFAIL
 )
 %JANET_LINK% /out:build\janet_boot.exe build\boot\*.obj
-@if not errorlevel 0 goto :BUILDFAIL
+@if errorlevel 1 goto :BUILDFAIL
+@rem note that there is no default syspath being baked in
 build\janet_boot . > build\c\janet.c
-@if not errorlevel 0 goto :BUILDFAIL
+@if errorlevel 1 goto :BUILDFAIL
 
 @rem Build the sources
 %JANET_COMPILE% /Fobuild\janet.obj build\c\janet.c
-@if not errorlevel 0 goto :BUILDFAIL
+@if errorlevel 1 goto :BUILDFAIL
 %JANET_COMPILE% /Fobuild\shell.obj src\mainclient\shell.c
-@if not errorlevel 0 goto :BUILDFAIL
+@if errorlevel 1 goto :BUILDFAIL
 
 @rem Build the resources
 rc /nologo /fobuild\janet_win.res janet_win.rc
-@if not errorlevel 0 goto :BUILDFAIL
+@if errorlevel 1 goto :BUILDFAIL
 
 @rem Link everything to main client
 %JANET_LINK% /out:janet.exe build\janet.obj build\shell.obj build\janet_win.res
-@if not errorlevel 0 goto :BUILDFAIL
+@if errorlevel 1 goto :BUILDFAIL
 
 @rem Build static library (libjanet.lib)
 %JANET_LINK_STATIC% /out:build\libjanet.lib build\janet.obj
-@if not errorlevel 0 goto :BUILDFAIL
+@if errorlevel 1 goto :BUILDFAIL
 
 echo === Successfully built janet.exe for Windows ===
 echo === Run 'build_win test' to run tests. ==
@@ -91,7 +102,7 @@ exit /b 0
 
 @rem Clean build artifacts
 :CLEAN
-del *.exe *.lib *.exp
+del *.exe *.lib *.exp *.msi *.wixpdb
 rd /s /q build
 if exist dist (
     rd /s /q dist
@@ -102,7 +113,7 @@ exit /b 0
 :TEST
 for %%f in (test/suite*.janet) do (
     janet.exe test\%%f
-    @if not errorlevel 0 goto TESTFAIL
+    @if errorlevel 1 goto TESTFAIL
 )
 exit /b 0
 
@@ -143,7 +154,13 @@ if defined CI (
 ) else (
     set WIXBIN=
 )
-%WIXBIN%candle.exe tools\msi\janet.wxs -arch %BUILDARCH% -out build\
+
+set WIXARCH=%BUILDARCH%
+if "%WIXARCH%"=="aarch64" (
+    set WIXARCH=arm64
+)
+
+%WIXBIN%candle.exe tools\msi\janet.wxs -arch %WIXARCH% -out build\
 %WIXBIN%light.exe "-sice:ICE38" -b tools\msi -ext WixUIExtension build\janet.wixobj -out janet-%RELEASE_VERSION%-windows-%BUILDARCH%-installer.msi
 exit /b 0
 

examples/abstract-unix-socket.janet

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Linux only - uses abstract unix domain sockets
+(ev/spawn (net/server :unix "@abc123" (fn [conn] (print (:read conn 1024)) (:close conn))))
+(ev/sleep 1)
+(def s (net/connect :unix "@abc123" :stream))
+(:write s "hello")
+(:close s)

examples/chatserver.janet

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
           (broadcast name (string msg)))
         (print name " disconnected")))))
 
-(defn main [& args]
+(defn main [&]
   (printf "STARTING SERVER...")
   (flush)
   (def my-server (net/listen "127.0.0.1" "8000"))

examples/debugger.janet

@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@
   "Go to the next breakpoint."
   [&opt n]
   (var res nil)
-  (for i 0 (or n 1)
+  (repeat (or n 1)
     (set res (resume (.fiber))))
   res)
 
@@ -146,6 +146,6 @@
   "Execute the next n instructions."
   [&opt n]
   (var res nil)
-  (for i 0 (or n 1)
+  (repeat (or n 1)
     (set res (debug/step (.fiber))))
   res)

examples/rtest.janet

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 (def counts (seq [_ :range [0 100]] 0))
 
-(for i 0 1000000
+(repeat 1000000
   (let [x (math/random)
         intrange (math/floor (* 100 x))
         oldcount (counts intrange)]

examples/sample-bad-bundle1/info.jdn

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+@{
+  :name "sample-bad-bundle1"
+}

examples/sample-bad-bundle2/info.jdn

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+@{
+  :name "sample-bad-bundle2"
+}

examples/sample-dep1/bundle/info.jdn

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 @{
   :name "sample-dep1"
-  :dependencies ["sample-dep2"]
+  :dependencies [{:name "sample-dep2"}]
 }

examples/threaded-channels.janet

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   (ev/give chan (math/random))
   (ev/give chan (math/random))
   (ev/sleep 0.5)
-  (for i 0 10
+  (repeat 10
     (print "giving to channel...")
     (ev/give chan (math/random))
     (ev/sleep 1))

janet.1

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ Shows the version text and exits immediately.
 
 .TP
 .BR \-s
-Read raw input from stdin and forgo prompt history and other readline-like features.
+Read raw input from stdin and forgo fancy input, which includes prompt history and other readline-like features.
 
 .TP
 .BR \-e\ code
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ Don't execute a script, only compile it to check for errors. Useful for linting
 .BR \-m\ syspath
 Set the dynamic binding :syspath to the string syspath so that Janet will load system modules
 from a directory different than the default. The default is set when Janet is built, and defaults to
-/usr/local/lib/janet on Linux/Posix, and C:/Janet/Library on Windows. This option supersedes JANET_PATH.
+/usr/local/lib/janet on Linux/Posix. On Windows, there is no default value. This option supersedes JANET_PATH.
 
 .TP
 .BR \-c\ source\ output
@@ -255,8 +255,7 @@ and then arguments to the script.
 .RS
 The location to look for Janet libraries. This is the only environment variable Janet needs to
 find native and source code modules. If no JANET_PATH is set, Janet will look in
-the default location set at compile time. This should be a list of as well as a colon
-separate list of such directories.
+the default location set at compile time. This should be a colon-separated list of directory names on Linux/Posix, and a semicolon-separated list on Windows. Note that a typical setup (i.e. not NixOS / Guix) will only use a single directory.
 .RE
 
 .B JANET_PROFILE
@@ -273,6 +272,12 @@ This variable does nothing in the default configuration of Janet, as PRF is disa
 cannot be defined for this variable to have an effect.
 .RE
 
+.B JANET_HISTFILE
+.RS
+A file location to use for the default shell's REPL history when using fancy input. This relative path is where commands are persisted between sessions.
+If unset, no repl history well be used. Does not work with the -s flag where fancy input is disabled.
+.RE
+
 .B NO_COLOR
 .RS
 Turn off color by default in the repl and in the error handler of scripts. This can be changed at runtime

meson.build

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose and contributors
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose and contributors
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 project('janet', 'c',
   default_options : ['c_std=c99', 'build.c_std=c99', 'b_lundef=false', 'default_library=both'],
-  version : '1.37.1')
+  version : '1.41.3')
 
 # Global settings
 janet_path = join_paths(get_option('prefix'), get_option('libdir'), 'janet')
@@ -39,6 +39,15 @@ native_thread_dep = dependency('threads', native : true)
 # Deps
 m_dep = cc.find_library('m', required : false)
 dl_dep = cc.find_library('dl', required : false)
+
+# for MINGW/MSYS2
+native_ws2_dep = native_cc.find_library('ws2_32', required: false)
+native_psapi_dep = native_cc.find_library('psapi', required: false)
+native_wsock_dep = native_cc.find_library('wsock32', required: false)
+ws2_dep = cc.find_library('ws2_32', required: false)
+psapi_dep = cc.find_library('psapi', required: false)
+wsock_dep = cc.find_library('wsock32', required: false)
+
 android_spawn_dep = cc.find_library('android-spawn', required : false)
 thread_dep = dependency('threads')
 
@@ -96,6 +105,9 @@ endif
 if get_option('arch_name') != ''
   conf.set('JANET_ARCH_NAME', get_option('arch_name'))
 endif
+if get_option('thread_local_prefix') != ''
+  conf.set('JANET_THREAD_LOCAL', get_option('thread_local_prefix'))
+endif
 jconf = configure_file(output : 'janetconf.h',
   configuration : conf)
 
@@ -173,8 +185,8 @@ mainclient_src = [
   'src/mainclient/shell.c'
 ]
 
-janet_dependencies = [m_dep, dl_dep, android_spawn_dep]
-janet_native_dependencies = [native_m_dep, native_dl_dep, native_android_spawn_dep]
+janet_dependencies = [m_dep, dl_dep, android_spawn_dep, ws2_dep, psapi_dep, wsock_dep]
+janet_native_dependencies = [native_m_dep, native_dl_dep, native_android_spawn_dep, native_ws2_dep, native_psapi_dep, native_wsock_dep]
 if not get_option('single_threaded')
   janet_dependencies += thread_dep
   janet_native_dependencies += native_thread_dep
@@ -269,12 +281,14 @@ test_files = [
   'test/suite-corelib.janet',
   'test/suite-debug.janet',
   'test/suite-ev.janet',
+  'test/suite-ev2.janet',
   'test/suite-ffi.janet',
   'test/suite-filewatch.janet',
   'test/suite-inttypes.janet',
   'test/suite-io.janet',
   'test/suite-marsh.janet',
   'test/suite-math.janet',
+  'test/suite-net.janet',
   'test/suite-os.janet',
   'test/suite-parse.janet',
   'test/suite-peg.janet',

meson_options.txt

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ option('max_macro_expand', type : 'integer', min : 1, max : 8000, value : 200)
 option('stack_max', type : 'integer', min : 8096, max : 0x7fffffff, value : 0x7fffffff)
 
 option('arch_name', type : 'string', value: '')
+option('thread_local_prefix', type : 'string', value: '')
 option('os_name', type : 'string', value: '')
 option('shared', type : 'boolean', value: true)
 option('cryptorand', type : 'boolean', value: true)

plan9.mk

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+</$objtype/mkfile
+
+TARG=janet
+HFILES=src/include/janet.h src/conf/janetconf.h
+JANET_PATH=/sys/lib/janet
+BIN=/$objtype/bin/
+DISABLED=EV NET ASSEMBLER FFI UTC_MKTIME REALPATH DYNAMIC_MODULES THREADS SYMLINKS LOCALES UMASK SPAWN
+JANET_CONFIG=JANET_SINGLE_THREADED JANET_OS_NAME=plan9 JANET_ARCH_NAME=$objtype JANET_API='' JANET_NO_RETURN='' JANET_SIMPLE_GETLINE `{echo JANET_NO_^$DISABLED} PLAN9_`{echo -n $objtype}
+CFLAGS=-FTVBNcwp -D _POSIX_SOURCE -DJANET_PLAN9 -D_BSD_EXTENSION -D_LIMITS_EXTENSION -Isrc/include -Isrc/conf -I/sys/include/npe -Dtypestr=janettypestr -DJANET_API `{echo '-D'^$JANET_CONFIG}
+BOOT_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS -DJANET_BOOTSTRAP
+
+JANET_CORE_HEADERS=`{ls src/core/*.h}
+JANET_CORE_SOURCES=`{ls src/core/*.c}
+
+JANET_BOOT_SOURCES=src/boot/array_test.c \
+				   src/boot/boot.c \
+				   src/boot/buffer_test.c \
+				   src/boot/number_test.c \
+				   src/boot/system_test.c \
+				   src/boot/table_test.c
+JANET_BOOT_HEADERS=src/boot/tests.h
+JANET_BOOT_OBJECTS=`{echo $JANET_CORE_SOURCES $JANET_BOOT_SOURCES | sed -e 's/\.c/.boot.'$O'/g'}
+
+OFILES=janet.$O src/mainclient/shell.$O
+
+default:V:all
+
+src/%.boot.$O: src/%.c $JANET_HEADERS $JANET_CORE_HEADERS $JANET_BOOT_HEADERS
+	$CC $BOOT_CFLAGS  -o $target $prereq(1)
+
+src/mainclient/shell.$O: src/mainclient/shell.c
+	$CC $BOOT_CFLAGS  -o $target $prereq(1)
+
+$O.janetboot: $JANET_BOOT_OBJECTS
+	$LD $LDFLAGS -o $target $prereq
+
+janet.c: $O.janetboot src/boot/boot.janet
+	$prereq(1) . JANET_PATH $JANET_PATH >$target
+
+build/janet.$O: build/c/janet.c src/conf/janetconf.h src/include/janet.h
+	$CC $CFLAGS -D^$JANET_CONFIG -o $target $prereq(1)
+
+build/shell.$O: src/mainclient/shell.c src/conf/janetconf.h src/include/janet.h
+	$CC $CFLAGS -D^$JANET_CONFIG -o $target $prereq(1)
+
+</sys/src/cmd/mkone
+
+clean:V:
+	rm -f src/core/*.[$OS] src/boot/*.[$OS] *.a[$OS] y.tab.? lex.yy.c y.debug y.output [$OS].??* $TARG janet.[$OS] janet.c src/mainclient/shell.[$OS]

src/boot/array_test.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/boot/boot.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/boot/buffer_test.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/boot/number_test.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -44,7 +44,9 @@ static void test_valid_str(const char *str) {
 }
 
 int number_test() {
-
+#ifdef JANET_PLAN9
+    return 0;
+#endif
     test_valid_str("1.0");
     test_valid_str("1");
     test_valid_str("2.1");

src/boot/system_test.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ int system_test() {
 
     /* Check the version defines are self consistent */
     char version_combined[256];
-    sprintf(version_combined, "%d.%d.%d%s", JANET_VERSION_MAJOR, JANET_VERSION_MINOR, JANET_VERSION_PATCH, JANET_VERSION_EXTRA);
+    snprintf(version_combined, sizeof(version_combined), "%d.%d.%d%s", JANET_VERSION_MAJOR, JANET_VERSION_MINOR, JANET_VERSION_PATCH, JANET_VERSION_EXTRA);
     assert(!strcmp(JANET_VERSION, version_combined));
 
     /* Reflexive testing and nanbox testing */
@@ -51,6 +51,10 @@ int system_test() {
     assert(janet_equals(janet_wrap_number(1.4), janet_wrap_number(1.4)));
     assert(janet_equals(janet_wrap_number(3.14159265), janet_wrap_number(3.14159265)));
 #ifdef NAN
+#ifdef JANET_PLAN9
+    // Plan 9 traps NaNs by default; disable that.
+    setfcr(0);
+#endif
     assert(janet_checktype(janet_wrap_number(NAN), JANET_NUMBER));
 #else
     assert(janet_checktype(janet_wrap_number(0.0 / 0.0), JANET_NUMBER));

src/boot/table_test.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/conf/janetconf.h

@@ -4,15 +4,16 @@
 #define JANETCONF_H
 
 #define JANET_VERSION_MAJOR 1
-#define JANET_VERSION_MINOR 37
-#define JANET_VERSION_PATCH 1
-#define JANET_VERSION_EXTRA ""
-#define JANET_VERSION "1.37.1"
+#define JANET_VERSION_MINOR 41
+#define JANET_VERSION_PATCH 3
+#define JANET_VERSION_EXTRA "-dev"
+#define JANET_VERSION "1.41.3-dev"
 
 /* #define JANET_BUILD "local" */
 
 /* These settings all affect linking, so use cautiously. */
 /* #define JANET_SINGLE_THREADED */
+/* #define JANET_THREAD_LOCAL _Thread_local */
 /* #define JANET_NO_DYNAMIC_MODULES */
 /* #define JANET_NO_NANBOX */
 /* #define JANET_API __attribute__((visibility ("default"))) */

src/core/abstract.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -201,4 +201,17 @@ int32_t janet_abstract_decref(void *abst) {
     return janet_atomic_dec(&janet_abstract_head(abst)->gc.data.refcount);
 }
 
+int32_t janet_abstract_decref_maybe_free(void *abst) {
+    int32_t result = janet_abstract_decref(abst);
+    if (0 == result) {
+        JanetAbstractHead *head = janet_abstract_head(abst);
+        if (head->type->gc) {
+            janet_assert(!head->type->gc(head->data, head->size), "finalizer failed");
+        }
+        /* Free memory */
+        janet_free(head);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
 #endif

src/core/array.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/core/asm.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -567,6 +567,13 @@ static JanetAssembleResult janet_asm1(JanetAssembler *parent, Janet source, int
     x = janet_get1(s, janet_ckeywordv("structarg"));
     if (janet_truthy(x)) def->flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_STRUCTARG;
 
+    /* Check namedarg */
+    x = janet_get1(s, janet_ckeywordv("namedargs"));
+    if (janet_checkint(x)) {
+        def->flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_NAMEDARGS;
+        def->named_args_count = janet_unwrap_integer(x);
+    }
+
     /* Check source */
     x = janet_get1(s, janet_ckeywordv("source"));
     if (janet_checktype(x, JANET_STRING)) def->source = janet_unwrap_string(x);
@@ -982,6 +989,14 @@ static Janet janet_disasm_structarg(JanetFuncDef *def) {
     return janet_wrap_boolean(def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_STRUCTARG);
 }
 
+static Janet janet_disasm_namedargs(JanetFuncDef *def) {
+    if (def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_NAMEDARGS) {
+        return janet_wrap_integer(def->named_args_count);
+    } else {
+        return janet_wrap_nil();
+    }
+}
+
 static Janet janet_disasm_constants(JanetFuncDef *def) {
     JanetArray *constants = janet_array(def->constants_length);
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < def->constants_length; i++) {
@@ -1032,6 +1047,7 @@ Janet janet_disasm(JanetFuncDef *def) {
     janet_table_put(ret, janet_ckeywordv("source"), janet_disasm_source(def));
     janet_table_put(ret, janet_ckeywordv("vararg"), janet_disasm_vararg(def));
     janet_table_put(ret, janet_ckeywordv("structarg"), janet_disasm_structarg(def));
+    janet_table_put(ret, janet_ckeywordv("namedargs"), janet_disasm_namedargs(def));
     janet_table_put(ret, janet_ckeywordv("name"), janet_disasm_name(def));
     janet_table_put(ret, janet_ckeywordv("slotcount"), janet_disasm_slotcount(def));
     janet_table_put(ret, janet_ckeywordv("symbolmap"), janet_disasm_symbolslots(def));
@@ -1048,6 +1064,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_asm,
               "The syntax for the assembly can be found on the Janet website, and should correspond\n"
               "to the return value of disasm. Will throw an\n"
               "error on invalid assembly.") {
+    janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_ASM);
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     JanetAssembleResult res;
     res = janet_asm(argv[0], 0);
@@ -1067,6 +1084,8 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_disasm,
               "* :min-arity - minimum number of arguments function can be called with.\n"
               "* :max-arity - maximum number of arguments function can be called with.\n"
               "* :vararg - true if function can take a variable number of arguments.\n"
+              "* :structarg - true if function can take a variable number of arguments using the &keys option.\n"
+              "* :namedargs - if function can take a variable number of arguments using the &named option, this will be the number of named arguments.\n"
               "* :bytecode - array of parsed bytecode instructions. Each instruction is a tuple.\n"
               "* :source - name of source file that this function was compiled from.\n"
               "* :name - name of function.\n"
@@ -1076,6 +1095,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_disasm,
               "* :sourcemap - a mapping of each bytecode instruction to a line and column in the source file.\n"
               "* :environments - an internal mapping of which enclosing functions are referenced for bindings.\n"
               "* :defs - other function definitions that this function may instantiate.\n") {
+    janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_ASM);
     janet_arity(argc, 1, 2);
     JanetFunction *f = janet_getfunction(argv, 0);
     if (argc == 2) {
@@ -1088,7 +1108,9 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_disasm,
         if (!janet_cstrcmp(kw, "name")) return janet_disasm_name(f->def);
         if (!janet_cstrcmp(kw, "vararg")) return janet_disasm_vararg(f->def);
         if (!janet_cstrcmp(kw, "structarg")) return janet_disasm_structarg(f->def);
+        if (!janet_cstrcmp(kw, "namedargs")) return janet_disasm_namedargs(f->def);
         if (!janet_cstrcmp(kw, "slotcount")) return janet_disasm_slotcount(f->def);
+        if (!janet_cstrcmp(kw, "symbolmap")) return janet_disasm_symbolslots(f->def);
         if (!janet_cstrcmp(kw, "constants")) return janet_disasm_constants(f->def);
         if (!janet_cstrcmp(kw, "sourcemap")) return janet_disasm_sourcemap(f->def);
         if (!janet_cstrcmp(kw, "environments")) return janet_disasm_environments(f->def);

src/core/buffer.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ JanetBuffer *janet_pointer_buffer_unsafe(void *memory, int32_t capacity, int32_t
 void janet_buffer_deinit(JanetBuffer *buffer) {
     if (!(buffer->gc.flags & JANET_BUFFER_FLAG_NO_REALLOC)) {
         janet_free(buffer->data);
+        buffer->data = NULL;
     }
 }
 

src/core/bytecode.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -522,6 +522,7 @@ JanetFuncDef *janet_funcdef_alloc(void) {
     def->bytecode_length = 0;
     def->environments_length = 0;
     def->symbolmap_length = 0;
+    def->named_args_count = 0;
     return def;
 }
 

src/core/capi.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -62,6 +62,18 @@ JANET_NO_RETURN static void janet_top_level_signal(const char *msg) {
 
 void janet_signalv(JanetSignal sig, Janet message) {
     if (janet_vm.return_reg != NULL) {
+        /* Should match logic in janet_call for coercing everything not ok to an error (no awaits, yields, etc.) */
+        if (janet_vm.coerce_error && sig != JANET_SIGNAL_OK) {
+#ifdef JANET_EV
+            if (NULL != janet_vm.root_fiber && sig == JANET_SIGNAL_EVENT) {
+                janet_vm.root_fiber->sched_id++;
+            }
+#endif
+            if (sig != JANET_SIGNAL_ERROR) {
+                message = janet_wrap_string(janet_formatc("%v coerced from %s to error", message, janet_signal_names[sig]));
+            }
+            sig = JANET_SIGNAL_ERROR;
+        }
         *janet_vm.return_reg = message;
         if (NULL != janet_vm.fiber) {
             janet_vm.fiber->flags |= JANET_FIBER_DID_LONGJUMP;
@@ -448,7 +460,7 @@ Janet janet_dyn(const char *name) {
         return janet_table_get(janet_vm.top_dyns, janet_ckeywordv(name));
     }
     if (janet_vm.fiber->env) {
-        return janet_table_get(janet_vm.fiber->env, janet_ckeywordv(name));
+        return janet_table_get_keyword(janet_vm.fiber->env, name);
     } else {
         return janet_wrap_nil();
     }
@@ -545,6 +557,18 @@ void *janet_optabstract(const Janet *argv, int32_t argc, int32_t n, const JanetA
     return janet_getabstract(argv, n, at);
 }
 
+uint32_t janet_optuinteger(const Janet *argv, int32_t argc, int32_t n, uint32_t dflt) {
+    if (argc <= n) return dflt;
+    if (janet_checktype(argv[n], JANET_NIL)) return dflt;
+    return janet_getuinteger(argv, n);
+}
+
+uint64_t janet_optuinteger64(const Janet *argv, int32_t argc, int32_t n, uint64_t dflt) {
+    if (argc <= n) return dflt;
+    if (janet_checktype(argv[n], JANET_NIL)) return dflt;
+    return janet_getuinteger64(argv, n);
+}
+
 /* Atomic refcounts */
 
 JanetAtomicInt janet_atomic_inc(JanetAtomicInt volatile *x) {
@@ -552,6 +576,8 @@ JanetAtomicInt janet_atomic_inc(JanetAtomicInt volatile *x) {
     return _InterlockedIncrement(x);
 #elif defined(JANET_USE_STDATOMIC)
     return atomic_fetch_add_explicit(x, 1, memory_order_relaxed) + 1;
+#elif defined(JANET_PLAN9)
+    return aincl((void*)x, 1);
 #else
     return __atomic_add_fetch(x, 1, __ATOMIC_RELAXED);
 #endif
@@ -562,6 +588,8 @@ JanetAtomicInt janet_atomic_dec(JanetAtomicInt volatile *x) {
     return _InterlockedDecrement(x);
 #elif defined(JANET_USE_STDATOMIC)
     return atomic_fetch_add_explicit(x, -1, memory_order_acq_rel) - 1;
+#elif defined(JANET_PLAN9)
+    return aincl((void*)x, -1);
 #else
     return __atomic_add_fetch(x, -1, __ATOMIC_ACQ_REL);
 #endif
@@ -570,6 +598,8 @@ JanetAtomicInt janet_atomic_dec(JanetAtomicInt volatile *x) {
 JanetAtomicInt janet_atomic_load(JanetAtomicInt volatile *x) {
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
     return _InterlockedOr(x, 0);
+#elif defined(JANET_PLAN9)
+    return agetl((void*)x);
 #elif defined(JANET_USE_STDATOMIC)
     return atomic_load_explicit(x, memory_order_acquire);
 #else
@@ -577,6 +607,18 @@ JanetAtomicInt janet_atomic_load(JanetAtomicInt volatile *x) {
 #endif
 }
 
+JanetAtomicInt janet_atomic_load_relaxed(JanetAtomicInt volatile *x) {
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    return _InterlockedOr(x, 0);
+#elif defined(JANET_PLAN9)
+    return agetl((void*)x);
+#elif defined(JANET_USE_STDATOMIC)
+    return atomic_load_explicit(x, memory_order_relaxed);
+#else
+    return __atomic_load_n(x, __ATOMIC_RELAXED);
+#endif
+}
+
 /* Some definitions for function-like macros */
 
 JANET_API JanetStructHead *(janet_struct_head)(JanetStruct st) {

src/core/cfuns.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -201,14 +201,29 @@ static JanetSlot do_cmp(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
     return opreduce(opts, args, JOP_COMPARE, 0, janet_wrap_nil(), janet_wrap_nil());
 }
 static JanetSlot do_put(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {
-    if (opts.flags & JANET_FOPTS_DROP) {
-        janetc_emit_sss(opts.compiler, JOP_PUT, args[0], args[1], args[2], 0);
-        return janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_nil());
+    int8_t inline_index = 0;
+    if (can_slot_be_imm(args[1], &inline_index)) {
+        /* Use JOP_PUT_INDEX */
+        if (opts.flags & JANET_FOPTS_DROP) {
+            janetc_emit_ssi(opts.compiler, JOP_PUT_INDEX, args[0], args[2], inline_index, 0);
+            return janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_nil());
+        } else {
+            JanetSlot t = janetc_gettarget(opts);
+            janetc_copy(opts.compiler, t, args[0]);
+            janetc_emit_ssi(opts.compiler, JOP_PUT_INDEX, t, args[2], inline_index, 0);
+            return t;
+        }
     } else {
-        JanetSlot t = janetc_gettarget(opts);
-        janetc_copy(opts.compiler, t, args[0]);
-        janetc_emit_sss(opts.compiler, JOP_PUT, t, args[1], args[2], 0);
-        return t;
+        /* Use JOP_PUT */
+        if (opts.flags & JANET_FOPTS_DROP) {
+            janetc_emit_sss(opts.compiler, JOP_PUT, args[0], args[1], args[2], 0);
+            return janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_nil());
+        } else {
+            JanetSlot t = janetc_gettarget(opts);
+            janetc_copy(opts.compiler, t, args[0]);
+            janetc_emit_sss(opts.compiler, JOP_PUT, t, args[1], args[2], 0);
+            return t;
+        }
     }
 }
 static JanetSlot do_length(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *args) {

src/core/compile.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -98,6 +98,22 @@ void janetc_nameslot(JanetCompiler *c, const uint8_t *sym, JanetSlot s) {
     sp.sym2 = sym;
     sp.slot = s;
     sp.keep = 0;
+    sp.referenced = sym[0] == '_'; /* Fake ref if symbol is _ to avoid lints */
+    sp.slot.flags |= JANET_SLOT_NAMED;
+    sp.birth_pc = cnt ? cnt - 1 : 0;
+    sp.death_pc = UINT32_MAX;
+    janet_v_push(c->scope->syms, sp);
+}
+
+/* Same as janetc_nameslot, but don't have a lint for unused bindings. */
+void janetc_nameslot_no_unused(JanetCompiler *c, const uint8_t *sym, JanetSlot s) {
+    SymPair sp;
+    int32_t cnt = janet_v_count(c->buffer);
+    sp.sym = sym;
+    sp.sym2 = sym;
+    sp.slot = s;
+    sp.keep = 0;
+    sp.referenced = 1;
     sp.slot.flags |= JANET_SLOT_NAMED;
     sp.birth_pc = cnt ? cnt - 1 : 0;
     sp.death_pc = UINT32_MAX;
@@ -170,6 +186,10 @@ void janetc_popscope(JanetCompiler *c) {
         /* Keep upvalue slots and symbols for debugging. */
         for (int32_t i = 0; i < janet_v_count(oldscope->syms); i++) {
             SymPair pair = oldscope->syms[i];
+            /* Check for unused symbols */
+            if (pair.referenced == 0 && pair.sym) {
+                janetc_lintf(c, JANET_C_LINT_STRICT, "binding %q is unused", janet_wrap_symbol(pair.sym));
+            }
             /* The variable should not be lexically accessible */
             pair.sym = NULL;
             if (pair.death_pc == UINT32_MAX) {
@@ -262,6 +282,7 @@ JanetSlot janetc_resolve(
             pair = scope->syms + i;
             if (pair->sym == sym) {
                 ret = pair->slot;
+                pair->referenced = 1;
                 goto found;
             }
         }
@@ -274,7 +295,7 @@ JanetSlot janetc_resolve(
     {
         JanetBinding binding = janet_resolve_ext(c->env, sym);
         if (binding.type == JANET_BINDING_NONE) {
-            Janet handler = janet_table_get(c->env, janet_ckeywordv("missing-symbol"));
+            Janet handler = janet_table_get_keyword(c->env, "missing-symbol");
             switch (janet_type(handler)) {
                 case JANET_NIL:
                     break;
@@ -346,6 +367,7 @@ found:
     /* non-local scope needs to expose its environment */
     JanetScope *original_scope = scope;
     pair->keep = 1;
+    pair->referenced = 1;
     while (scope && !(scope->flags & JANET_SCOPE_FUNCTION))
         scope = scope->parent;
     janet_assert(scope, "invalid scopes");
@@ -437,11 +459,22 @@ JanetSlot *janetc_toslotskv(JanetCompiler *c, Janet ds) {
     const JanetKV *kvs = NULL;
     int32_t cap = 0, len = 0;
     janet_dictionary_view(ds, &kvs, &len, &cap);
-    for (int32_t i = 0; i < cap; i++) {
-        if (janet_checktype(kvs[i].key, JANET_NIL)) continue;
-        janet_v_push(ret, janetc_value(subopts, kvs[i].key));
-        janet_v_push(ret, janetc_value(subopts, kvs[i].value));
+    /* Sort keys for stability of order? */
+    int32_t *index_buf;
+    int32_t index_buf_stack[32];
+    int32_t *index_buf_heap = NULL;
+    if (len < 32) {
+        index_buf = index_buf_stack;
+    } else {
+        index_buf_heap = janet_smalloc(sizeof(int32_t) * len);
+        index_buf = index_buf_heap;
     }
+    if (len) janet_sorted_keys(kvs, cap, index_buf);
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        janet_v_push(ret, janetc_value(subopts, kvs[index_buf[i]].key));
+        janet_v_push(ret, janetc_value(subopts, kvs[index_buf[i]].value));
+    }
+    if (index_buf_heap) janet_sfree(index_buf_heap);
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -514,9 +547,9 @@ void janetc_throwaway(JanetFopts opts, Janet x) {
     JanetScope unusedScope;
     int32_t bufstart = janet_v_count(c->buffer);
     int32_t mapbufstart = janet_v_count(c->mapbuffer);
-    janetc_scope(&unusedScope, c, JANET_SCOPE_UNUSED, "unusued");
+    janetc_scope(&unusedScope, c, JANET_SCOPE_UNUSED, "unused");
     janetc_value(opts, x);
-    janetc_lintf(c, JANET_C_LINT_STRICT, "dead code, consider removing %.2q", x);
+    janetc_lintf(c, JANET_C_LINT_STRICT, "dead code, consider removing %.4q", x);
     janetc_popscope(c);
     if (c->buffer) {
         janet_v__cnt(c->buffer) = bufstart;
@@ -526,7 +559,7 @@ void janetc_throwaway(JanetFopts opts, Janet x) {
 }
 
 /* Compile a call or tailcall instruction */
-static JanetSlot janetc_call(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *slots, JanetSlot fun) {
+static JanetSlot janetc_call(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *slots, JanetSlot fun, const Janet *form) {
     JanetSlot retslot;
     JanetCompiler *c = opts.compiler;
     int specialized = 0;
@@ -552,6 +585,8 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_call(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *slots, JanetSlot fun) {
                     JanetFunction *f = janet_unwrap_function(fun.constant);
                     int32_t min = f->def->min_arity;
                     int32_t max = f->def->max_arity;
+                    int structarg = f->def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_STRUCTARG;
+                    int namedarg = f->def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_NAMEDARGS;
                     if (min_arity < 0) {
                         /* Call has splices */
                         min_arity = -1 - min_arity;
@@ -575,6 +610,47 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_call(JanetFopts opts, JanetSlot *slots, JanetSlot fun) {
                                                     fun.constant, min, min == 1 ? "" : "s", min_arity);
                             janetc_error(c, es);
                         }
+                        if (structarg && (min_arity > f->def->arity) && ((min_arity - f->def->arity) & 1)) {
+                            /* If we have an odd number of variadic arguments to a `&keys` function, that is almost certainly wrong. */
+                            if (namedarg) {
+                                janetc_lintf(c, JANET_C_LINT_NORMAL,
+                                             "odd number of named arguments to `&named` function %v", fun.constant);
+                            } else {
+                                janetc_lintf(c, JANET_C_LINT_NORMAL,
+                                             "odd number of named arguments to `&keys` function %v", fun.constant);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (namedarg && f->def->named_args_count > 0) {
+                            /* For each argument passed in, check if it is one of the used named arguments
+                             * by checking the list defined in the function def. If not, raise a normal compiler
+                             * lint. We can also do a strict lint for _missing_ named arguments, although in many
+                             * cases those are assumed to have some kind of default, or we have dynamic keys. */
+                            int32_t first_arg_key_index = f->def->arity + 1;
+                            for (int32_t i = first_arg_key_index; i < janet_tuple_length(form); i += 2) {
+                                Janet argkey = form[i];
+                                /* Assumption: The first N constants of a function are its named argument keys. This
+                                 * may change if the compiler changes, but is true for all Janet generated functions. */
+                                int found = 0;
+                                if (janet_checktype(argkey, JANET_KEYWORD)) {
+                                    for (int32_t j = 0; j < f->def->named_args_count && j < f->def->constants_length; j++) {
+                                        if (janet_equals(argkey, f->def->constants[j])) {
+                                            found = 1;
+                                            break;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                } else if (janet_checktype(argkey, JANET_TUPLE)) {
+                                    /* Possible lint : too dynamic, be dumber
+                                     * (defn f [&named x] [x])
+                                     * (f (if (coin-flip) :x :w) 10)
+                                     * A tuple could be a function call the evaluates to a valid key */
+                                    found = 1;
+                                }
+                                if (!found) {
+                                    janetc_lintf(c, JANET_C_LINT_NORMAL,
+                                                 "unused named argument %v to function %v", argkey, fun.constant);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
                     }
                 }
                 break;
@@ -809,14 +885,16 @@ JanetSlot janetc_value(JanetFopts opts, Janet x) {
                 } else if (janet_tuple_flag(tup) & JANET_TUPLE_FLAG_BRACKETCTOR) { /* [] tuples are not function call */
                     ret = janetc_tuple(opts, x);
                 } else {
+                    /* Function calls */
                     JanetSlot head = janetc_value(subopts, tup[0]);
                     subopts.flags = JANET_FUNCTION | JANET_CFUNCTION;
-                    ret = janetc_call(opts, janetc_toslots(c, tup + 1, janet_tuple_length(tup) - 1), head);
+                    ret = janetc_call(opts, janetc_toslots(c, tup + 1, janet_tuple_length(tup) - 1), head, tup);
                     janetc_freeslot(c, head);
                 }
                 ret.flags &= ~JANET_SLOT_SPLICED;
             }
             break;
+            /* Data Constructors */
             case JANET_SYMBOL:
                 ret = janetc_resolve(c, janet_unwrap_symbol(x));
                 break;
@@ -856,19 +934,21 @@ void janet_def_addflags(JanetFuncDef *def) {
     int32_t set_flags = 0;
     int32_t unset_flags = 0;
     /* pos checks */
-    if (def->name)            set_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASNAME;
-    if (def->source)          set_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASSOURCE;
-    if (def->defs)            set_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASDEFS;
-    if (def->environments)    set_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASENVS;
-    if (def->sourcemap)       set_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASSOURCEMAP;
-    if (def->closure_bitset)  set_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASCLOBITSET;
+    if (def->name)              set_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASNAME;
+    if (def->source)            set_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASSOURCE;
+    if (def->defs)              set_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASDEFS;
+    if (def->environments)      set_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASENVS;
+    if (def->sourcemap)         set_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASSOURCEMAP;
+    if (def->closure_bitset)    set_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASCLOBITSET;
+    if (def->named_args_count)  set_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_NAMEDARGS;
     /* negative checks */
-    if (!def->name)           unset_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASNAME;
-    if (!def->source)         unset_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASSOURCE;
-    if (!def->defs)           unset_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASDEFS;
-    if (!def->environments)   unset_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASENVS;
-    if (!def->sourcemap)      unset_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASSOURCEMAP;
-    if (!def->closure_bitset) unset_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASCLOBITSET;
+    if (!def->name)             unset_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASNAME;
+    if (!def->source)           unset_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASSOURCE;
+    if (!def->defs)             unset_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASDEFS;
+    if (!def->environments)     unset_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASENVS;
+    if (!def->sourcemap)        unset_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASSOURCEMAP;
+    if (!def->closure_bitset)   unset_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASCLOBITSET;
+    if (!def->named_args_count) unset_flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_NAMEDARGS;
     /* Update flags */
     def->flags |= set_flags;
     def->flags &= ~unset_flags;
@@ -939,8 +1019,9 @@ JanetFuncDef *janetc_pop_funcdef(JanetCompiler *c) {
             JANET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
         }
         memcpy(chunks, scope->ua.chunks, sizeof(uint32_t) * numchunks);
+        /* fprintf(stderr, "slot chunks: %d, scope->ua.count: %d, numchunks: %d\n", slotchunks, scope->ua.count, numchunks); */
         /* Register allocator preallocates some registers [240-255, high 16 bits of chunk index 7], we can ignore those. */
-        if (scope->ua.count > 7) chunks[7] &= 0xFFFFU;
+        if (scope->ua.count > 7 && slotchunks > 7) chunks[7] &= 0xFFFFU;
         def->closure_bitset = chunks;
     }
 
@@ -974,6 +1055,10 @@ JanetFuncDef *janetc_pop_funcdef(JanetCompiler *c) {
         SymPair pair = scope->syms[i];
         if (pair.sym2) {
             JanetSymbolMap jsm;
+            /* Check for unused symbols */
+            if (pair.referenced == 0 && pair.sym) {
+                janetc_lintf(c, JANET_C_LINT_STRICT, "binding %q is unused", janet_wrap_symbol(pair.sym));
+            }
             if (pair.death_pc == UINT32_MAX) {
                 jsm.death_pc = def->bytecode_length;
             } else {
@@ -1082,6 +1167,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_compile,
               "struct with keys :line, :column, and :error if compilation fails. "
               "If a `lints` array is given, linting messages will be appended to the array. "
               "Each message will be a tuple of the form `(level line col message)`.") {
+    janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_COMPILE);
     janet_arity(argc, 1, 4);
     JanetTable *env = (argc > 1 && !janet_checktype(argv[1], JANET_NIL))
                       ? janet_gettable(argv, 1) : janet_vm.fiber->env;

src/core/compile.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct SymPair {
     const uint8_t *sym;
     const uint8_t *sym2;
     int keep;
+    int referenced; /* Has this value been used */
     uint32_t birth_pc;
     uint32_t death_pc;
 } SymPair;
@@ -222,6 +223,7 @@ const JanetSpecial *janetc_special(const uint8_t *name);
 
 void janetc_freeslot(JanetCompiler *c, JanetSlot s);
 void janetc_nameslot(JanetCompiler *c, const uint8_t *sym, JanetSlot s);
+void janetc_nameslot_no_unused(JanetCompiler *c, const uint8_t *sym, JanetSlot s);
 JanetSlot janetc_farslot(JanetCompiler *c);
 
 /* Throw away some code after checking that it is well formed. */

src/core/corelib.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "compile.h"
 #include "state.h"
 #include "util.h"
+#include "fiber.h"
 #endif
 
 /* Generated bytes */
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ JanetModule janet_native(const char *name, const uint8_t **error) {
     JanetBuildConfig modconf = getter();
     JanetBuildConfig host = janet_config_current();
     if (host.major != modconf.major ||
-            host.minor < modconf.minor ||
+            host.minor != modconf.minor ||
             host.bits != modconf.bits) {
         char errbuf[128];
         snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "config mismatch - host %d.%.d.%d(%.4x) vs. module %d.%d.%d(%.4x)",
@@ -294,6 +295,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_native,
               "from the native module.") {
     JanetModule init;
     janet_arity(argc, 1, 2);
+    Janet argv0 = argv[0];
     const uint8_t *path = janet_getstring(argv, 0);
     const uint8_t *error = NULL;
     JanetTable *env;
@@ -306,8 +308,10 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_native,
     if (!init) {
         janet_panicf("could not load native %S: %S", path, error);
     }
+    /* GC root incase garbage collection called inside module entry */
+    janet_fiber_push(janet_vm.fiber, janet_wrap_table(env));
     init(env);
-    janet_table_put(env, janet_ckeywordv("native"), argv[0]);
+    janet_table_put(env, janet_ckeywordv("native"), argv0);
     return janet_wrap_table(env);
 }
 
@@ -449,8 +453,9 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_range,
     }
     count = (count > 0) ? count : 0;
     int32_t int_count;
+    janet_assert(count >= 0, "bad range code");
     if (count > (double) INT32_MAX) {
-        int_count = INT32_MAX;
+        janet_panicf("range is too large, %f elements", count);
     } else {
         int_count = (int32_t) ceil(count);
     }
@@ -652,22 +657,15 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_check_int,
               "(int? x)",
               "Check if x can be exactly represented as a 32 bit signed two's complement integer.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
-    if (!janet_checktype(argv[0], JANET_NUMBER)) goto ret_false;
-    double num = janet_unwrap_number(argv[0]);
-    return janet_wrap_boolean(num == (double)((int32_t)num));
-ret_false:
-    return janet_wrap_false();
+    return janet_wrap_boolean(janet_checkint(argv[0]));
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_check_nat,
               "(nat? x)",
               "Check if x can be exactly represented as a non-negative 32 bit signed two's complement integer.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
-    if (!janet_checktype(argv[0], JANET_NUMBER)) goto ret_false;
-    double num = janet_unwrap_number(argv[0]);
-    return janet_wrap_boolean(num >= 0 && (num == (double)((int32_t)num)));
-ret_false:
-    return janet_wrap_false();
+    if (!janet_checkint(argv[0])) return janet_wrap_false();
+    return janet_wrap_boolean(janet_unwrap_integer(argv[0]) >= 0);
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_is_bytes,
@@ -752,6 +750,9 @@ typedef struct SandboxOption {
 
 static const SandboxOption sandbox_options[] = {
     {"all", JANET_SANDBOX_ALL},
+    {"asm", JANET_SANDBOX_ASM},
+    {"chroot", JANET_SANDBOX_CHROOT},
+    {"compile", JANET_SANDBOX_COMPILE},
     {"env", JANET_SANDBOX_ENV},
     {"ffi", JANET_SANDBOX_FFI},
     {"ffi-define", JANET_SANDBOX_FFI_DEFINE},
@@ -769,6 +770,8 @@ static const SandboxOption sandbox_options[] = {
     {"sandbox", JANET_SANDBOX_SANDBOX},
     {"signal", JANET_SANDBOX_SIGNAL},
     {"subprocess", JANET_SANDBOX_SUBPROCESS},
+    {"threads", JANET_SANDBOX_THREADS},
+    {"unmarshal", JANET_SANDBOX_UNMARSHAL},
     {NULL, 0}
 };
 
@@ -777,6 +780,9 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_sandbox,
               "Disable feature sets to prevent the interpreter from using certain system resources. "
               "Once a feature is disabled, there is no way to re-enable it. Capabilities can be:\n\n"
               "* :all - disallow all (except IO to stdout, stderr, and stdin)\n"
+              "* :asm - disallow calling `asm` and `disasm` functions.\n"
+              "* :chroot - disallow calling `os/posix-chroot`\n"
+              "* :compile - disallow calling `compile`. This will disable a lot of functionality, such as `eval`.\n"
               "* :env - disallow reading and write env variables\n"
               "* :ffi - disallow FFI (recommended if disabling anything else)\n"
               "* :ffi-define - disallow loading new FFI modules and binding new functions\n"
@@ -793,7 +799,9 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(janet_core_sandbox,
               "* :net-listen - disallow accepting inbound network connections\n"
               "* :sandbox - disallow calling this function\n"
               "* :signal - disallow adding or removing signal handlers\n"
-              "* :subprocess - disallow running subprocesses") {
+              "* :subprocess - disallow running subprocesses\n"
+              "* :threads - disallow spawning threads with `ev/thread`. Certain helper threads may still be spawned.\n"
+              "* :unmarshal - disallow calling the unmarshal function.\n") {
     uint32_t flags = 0;
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
         JanetKeyword kw = janet_getkeyword(argv, i);
@@ -1001,12 +1009,11 @@ static void make_apply(JanetTable *env) {
     janet_quick_asm(env, JANET_FUN_APPLY | JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_VARARG,
                     "apply", 1, 1, INT32_MAX, 6, apply_asm, sizeof(apply_asm),
                     JDOC("(apply f & args)\n\n"
-                         "Applies a function to a variable number of arguments. Each element in args "
-                         "is used as an argument to f, except the last element in args, which is expected to "
-                         "be an array-like. Each element in this last argument is then also pushed as an argument to "
-                         "f. For example:\n\n"
-                         "\t(apply + 1000 (range 10))\n\n"
-                         "sums the first 10 integers and 1000."));
+                         "Applies a function f to a variable number of arguments. Each "
+                         "element in args is used as an argument to f, except the last "
+                         "element in args, which is expected to be an array or a tuple. "
+                         "Each element in this last argument is then also pushed as an "
+                         "argument to f."));
 }
 
 static const uint32_t error_asm[] = {
@@ -1243,7 +1250,7 @@ JanetTable *janet_core_env(JanetTable *replacements) {
     /* Variadic ops */
     templatize_varop(env, JANET_FUN_ADD, "+", 0, 0, JOP_ADD,
                      JDOC("(+ & xs)\n\n"
-                          "Returns the sum of all xs. xs must be integers or real numbers only. If xs is empty, return 0."));
+                          "Returns the sum of all xs. If xs is empty, return 0."));
     templatize_varop(env, JANET_FUN_SUBTRACT, "-", 0, 0, JOP_SUBTRACT,
                      JDOC("(- & xs)\n\n"
                           "Returns the difference of xs. If xs is empty, returns 0. If xs has one element, returns the "
@@ -1277,7 +1284,7 @@ JanetTable *janet_core_env(JanetTable *replacements) {
                           "Returns the bit-wise or of all values in xs. Each x in xs must be an integer."));
     templatize_varop(env, JANET_FUN_BXOR, "bxor", 0, 0, JOP_BXOR,
                      JDOC("(bxor & xs)\n\n"
-                          "Returns the bit-wise xor of all values in xs. Each in xs must be an integer."));
+                          "Returns the bit-wise xor of all values in xs. Each x in xs must be an integer."));
     templatize_varop(env, JANET_FUN_LSHIFT, "blshift", 1, 1, JOP_SHIFT_LEFT,
                      JDOC("(blshift x & shifts)\n\n"
                           "Returns the value of x bit shifted left by the sum of all values in shifts. x "
@@ -1359,12 +1366,16 @@ JanetTable *janet_core_env(JanetTable *replacements) {
     lidv = midv = janet_wrap_nil();
     janet_resolve(env, janet_csymbol("load-image-dict"), &lidv);
     janet_resolve(env, janet_csymbol("make-image-dict"), &midv);
-    JanetTable *lid = janet_unwrap_table(lidv);
-    JanetTable *mid = janet_unwrap_table(midv);
-    for (int32_t i = 0; i < lid->capacity; i++) {
-        const JanetKV *kv = lid->data + i;
-        if (!janet_checktype(kv->key, JANET_NIL)) {
-            janet_table_put(mid, kv->value, kv->key);
+
+    /* Check that we actually got tables - if we are using a smaller corelib, may not exist */
+    if (janet_checktype(lidv, JANET_TABLE) && janet_checktype(midv, JANET_TABLE)) {
+        JanetTable *lid = janet_unwrap_table(lidv);
+        JanetTable *mid = janet_unwrap_table(midv);
+        for (int32_t i = 0; i < lid->capacity; i++) {
+            const JanetKV *kv = lid->data + i;
+            if (!janet_checktype(kv->key, JANET_NIL)) {
+                janet_table_put(mid, kv->value, kv->key);
+            }
         }
     }
 

src/core/debug.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/core/emit.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/core/emit.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/core/ev.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -32,9 +32,11 @@
 #ifdef JANET_EV
 
 #include <math.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
 #include <winsock2.h>
 #include <windows.h>
+#include <io.h>
 #else
 #include <pthread.h>
 #include <limits.h>
@@ -43,7 +45,6 @@
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
 #include <netinet/in.h>
 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
 #include <netdb.h>
@@ -111,6 +112,16 @@ typedef struct {
     JanetHandle write_pipe;
 } JanetEVThreadInit;
 
+/* Structure used to initialize threads that run timeouts */
+typedef struct {
+    double sec;
+    JanetVM *vm;
+    JanetFiber *fiber;
+#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+    HANDLE cancel_event;
+#endif
+} JanetThreadedTimeout;
+
 #define JANET_MAX_Q_CAPACITY 0x7FFFFFF
 
 static void janet_q_init(JanetQueue *q) {
@@ -345,21 +356,22 @@ JanetStream *janet_stream(JanetHandle handle, uint32_t flags, const JanetMethod
 
 static void janet_stream_close_impl(JanetStream *stream) {
     stream->flags |= JANET_STREAM_CLOSED;
+    int canclose = !(stream->flags & JANET_STREAM_NOT_CLOSEABLE);
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
     if (stream->handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
 #ifdef JANET_NET
         if (stream->flags & JANET_STREAM_SOCKET) {
-            closesocket((SOCKET) stream->handle);
+            if (canclose) closesocket((SOCKET) stream->handle);
         } else
 #endif
         {
-            CloseHandle(stream->handle);
+            if (canclose) CloseHandle(stream->handle);
         }
         stream->handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
     }
 #else
     if (stream->handle != -1) {
-        close(stream->handle);
+        if (canclose) close(stream->handle);
         stream->handle = -1;
 #ifdef JANET_EV_POLL
         uint32_t i = stream->index;
@@ -512,9 +524,9 @@ static void janet_schedule_general(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet value, JanetSignal s
     fiber->gc.flags |= JANET_FIBER_FLAG_ROOT;
     if (sig == JANET_SIGNAL_ERROR) fiber->gc.flags |= JANET_FIBER_EV_FLAG_CANCELED;
     if (soon) {
-        janet_q_push_head(&janet_vm.spawn, &t, sizeof(t));
+        janet_assert(!janet_q_push_head(&janet_vm.spawn, &t, sizeof(t)), "schedule queue overflow");
     } else {
-        janet_q_push(&janet_vm.spawn, &t, sizeof(t));
+        janet_assert(!janet_q_push(&janet_vm.spawn, &t, sizeof(t)), "schedule queue overflow");
     }
 }
 
@@ -527,6 +539,9 @@ void janet_schedule_soon(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet value, JanetSignal sig) {
 }
 
 void janet_cancel(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet value) {
+    if (!(fiber->gc.flags & JANET_FIBER_FLAG_ROOT)) {
+        janet_panic("cannot cancel non-task fiber");
+    }
     janet_schedule_signal(fiber, value, JANET_SIGNAL_ERROR);
 }
 
@@ -595,8 +610,43 @@ void janet_ev_init_common(void) {
 #endif
 }
 
+#if JANET_ANDROID
+static void janet_timeout_stop(int sig_num) {
+    if (sig_num == SIGUSR1) {
+        pthread_exit(0);
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+static void handle_timeout_worker(JanetTimeout to, int cancel) {
+    if (!to.has_worker) return;
+#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+    if (cancel && to.worker_event) {
+        SetEvent(to.worker_event);
+    }
+    WaitForSingleObject(to.worker, INFINITE);
+    CloseHandle(to.worker);
+    if (to.worker_event) {
+        CloseHandle(to.worker_event);
+    }
+#else
+#ifdef JANET_ANDROID
+    if (cancel) janet_assert(!pthread_kill(to.worker, SIGUSR1), "pthread_kill");
+#else
+    if (cancel) janet_assert(!pthread_cancel(to.worker), "pthread_cancel");
+#endif
+    void *res = NULL;
+    janet_assert(!pthread_join(to.worker, &res), "pthread_join");
+#endif
+}
+
 /* Common deinit code */
 void janet_ev_deinit_common(void) {
+    JanetTimeout to;
+    while (peek_timeout(&to)) {
+        handle_timeout_worker(to, 1);
+        pop_timeout(0);
+    }
     janet_q_deinit(&janet_vm.spawn);
     janet_free(janet_vm.tq);
     janet_table_deinit(&janet_vm.threaded_abstracts);
@@ -622,6 +672,7 @@ void janet_addtimeout(double sec) {
     to.curr_fiber = NULL;
     to.sched_id = fiber->sched_id;
     to.is_error = 1;
+    to.has_worker = 0;
     add_timeout(to);
 }
 
@@ -634,9 +685,61 @@ void janet_addtimeout_nil(double sec) {
     to.curr_fiber = NULL;
     to.sched_id = fiber->sched_id;
     to.is_error = 0;
+    to.has_worker = 0;
     add_timeout(to);
 }
 
+static void janet_timeout_cb(JanetEVGenericMessage msg) {
+    (void) msg;
+    janet_interpreter_interrupt_handled(&janet_vm);
+}
+
+#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+static DWORD WINAPI janet_timeout_body(LPVOID ptr) {
+    JanetThreadedTimeout tto = *(JanetThreadedTimeout *)ptr;
+    janet_free(ptr);
+    JanetTimestamp wait_begin = ts_now();
+    DWORD duration = (DWORD)round(tto.sec * 1000);
+    DWORD res = WAIT_TIMEOUT;
+    JanetTimestamp wait_end = ts_now();
+    for (DWORD i = 1; res == WAIT_TIMEOUT && (wait_end - wait_begin) < duration; i++) {
+        res = WaitForSingleObject(tto.cancel_event, (duration + i));
+        wait_end = ts_now();
+    }
+    /* only send interrupt message if result is WAIT_TIMEOUT */
+    if (res == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
+        janet_interpreter_interrupt(tto.vm);
+        JanetEVGenericMessage msg = {0};
+        janet_ev_post_event(tto.vm, janet_timeout_cb, msg);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+#else
+static void *janet_timeout_body(void *ptr) {
+#ifdef JANET_ANDROID
+    struct sigaction action;
+    memset(&action, 0, sizeof(action));
+    sigemptyset(&action.sa_mask);
+    action.sa_flags = 0;
+    action.sa_handler = &janet_timeout_stop;
+    sigaction(SIGUSR1, &action, NULL);
+#endif
+    JanetThreadedTimeout tto = *(JanetThreadedTimeout *)ptr;
+    janet_free(ptr);
+    struct timespec ts;
+    ts.tv_sec = (time_t) tto.sec;
+    ts.tv_nsec = (tto.sec <= UINT32_MAX)
+                 ? (long)((tto.sec - ((uint32_t)tto.sec)) * 1000000000)
+                 : 0;
+    nanosleep(&ts, &ts);
+    janet_interpreter_interrupt(tto.vm);
+    JanetEVGenericMessage msg = {0};
+    janet_ev_post_event(tto.vm, janet_timeout_cb, msg);
+    return NULL;
+}
+#endif
+
+
 void janet_ev_inc_refcount(void) {
     janet_atomic_inc(&janet_vm.listener_count);
 }
@@ -751,6 +854,34 @@ static int janet_chanat_gc(void *p, size_t s) {
     return 0;
 }
 
+static void janet_chanat_remove_vmref(JanetQueue *fq) {
+    JanetChannelPending *pending = fq->data;
+    if (fq->head <= fq->tail) {
+        for (int32_t i = fq->head; i < fq->tail; i++) {
+            if (pending[i].thread == &janet_vm) pending[i].thread = NULL;
+        }
+    } else {
+        for (int32_t i = fq->head; i < fq->capacity; i++) {
+            if (pending[i].thread == &janet_vm) pending[i].thread = NULL;
+        }
+        for (int32_t i = 0; i < fq->tail; i++) {
+            if (pending[i].thread == &janet_vm) pending[i].thread = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static int janet_chanat_gcperthread(void *p, size_t s) {
+    (void) s;
+    JanetChannel *chan = p;
+    janet_chan_lock(chan);
+    /* Make sure that the internals of the threaded channel no longer reference _this_ thread. Replace
+     * those references with NULL. */
+    janet_chanat_remove_vmref(&chan->read_pending);
+    janet_chanat_remove_vmref(&chan->write_pending);
+    janet_chan_unlock(chan);
+    return 0;
+}
+
 static void janet_chanat_mark_fq(JanetQueue *fq) {
     JanetChannelPending *pending = fq->data;
     if (fq->head <= fq->tail) {
@@ -828,13 +959,15 @@ static void janet_thread_chan_cb(JanetEVGenericMessage msg) {
             janet_schedule(fiber, janet_wrap_nil());
         }
     } else if (mode != JANET_CP_MODE_CLOSE) {
-        /* Fiber has already been cancelled or resumed. */
+        /* Fiber has already been canceled or resumed. */
         /* Resend event to another waiting thread, depending on mode */
         int is_read = (mode == JANET_CP_MODE_CHOICE_READ) || (mode == JANET_CP_MODE_READ);
         if (is_read) {
             JanetChannelPending reader;
-            if (!janet_q_pop(&channel->read_pending, &reader, sizeof(reader))) {
+            int sent = 0;
+            while (!janet_q_pop(&channel->read_pending, &reader, sizeof(reader))) {
                 JanetVM *vm = reader.thread;
+                if (!vm) continue;
                 JanetEVGenericMessage msg;
                 msg.tag = reader.mode;
                 msg.fiber = reader.fiber;
@@ -842,11 +975,17 @@ static void janet_thread_chan_cb(JanetEVGenericMessage msg) {
                 msg.argp = channel;
                 msg.argj = x;
                 janet_ev_post_event(vm, janet_thread_chan_cb, msg);
+                sent = 1;
+                break;
+            }
+            if (!sent) {
+                janet_chan_unpack(channel, &x, 1);
             }
         } else {
             JanetChannelPending writer;
-            if (!janet_q_pop(&channel->write_pending, &writer, sizeof(writer))) {
+            while (!janet_q_pop(&channel->write_pending, &writer, sizeof(writer))) {
                 JanetVM *vm = writer.thread;
+                if (!vm) continue;
                 JanetEVGenericMessage msg;
                 msg.tag = writer.mode;
                 msg.fiber = writer.fiber;
@@ -854,6 +993,7 @@ static void janet_thread_chan_cb(JanetEVGenericMessage msg) {
                 msg.argp = channel;
                 msg.argj = janet_wrap_nil();
                 janet_ev_post_event(vm, janet_thread_chan_cb, msg);
+                break;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -866,14 +1006,14 @@ static void janet_thread_chan_cb(JanetEVGenericMessage msg) {
 static int janet_channel_push_with_lock(JanetChannel *channel, Janet x, int mode) {
     JanetChannelPending reader;
     int is_empty;
-    if (janet_chan_pack(channel, &x)) {
-        janet_chan_unlock(channel);
-        janet_panicf("failed to pack value for channel: %v", x);
-    }
     if (channel->closed) {
         janet_chan_unlock(channel);
         janet_panic("cannot write to closed channel");
     }
+    if (janet_chan_pack(channel, &x)) {
+        janet_chan_unlock(channel);
+        janet_panicf("failed to pack value for channel: %v", x);
+    }
     int is_threaded = janet_chan_is_threaded(channel);
     if (is_threaded) {
         /* don't dereference fiber from another thread */
@@ -886,6 +1026,7 @@ static int janet_channel_push_with_lock(JanetChannel *channel, Janet x, int mode
     if (is_empty) {
         /* No pending reader */
         if (janet_q_push(&channel->items, &x, sizeof(Janet))) {
+            janet_chan_unpack(channel, &x, 1);
             janet_chan_unlock(channel);
             janet_panicf("channel overflow: %v", x);
         } else if (janet_q_count(&channel->items) > channel->limit) {
@@ -917,7 +1058,12 @@ static int janet_channel_push_with_lock(JanetChannel *channel, Janet x, int mode
             msg.argi = (int32_t) reader.sched_id;
             msg.argp = channel;
             msg.argj = x;
-            janet_ev_post_event(vm, janet_thread_chan_cb, msg);
+            if (vm) {
+                janet_ev_post_event(vm, janet_thread_chan_cb, msg);
+            } else {
+                /* If no vm to send to, we must clean up (unpack) the packed payload to avoid leak */
+                janet_chan_unpack(channel, &x, 1);
+            }
         } else {
             if (reader.mode == JANET_CP_MODE_CHOICE_READ) {
                 janet_schedule(reader.fiber, make_read_result(channel, x));
@@ -948,7 +1094,7 @@ static int janet_channel_pop_with_lock(JanetChannel *channel, Janet *item, int i
     int is_threaded = janet_chan_is_threaded(channel);
     if (janet_q_pop(&channel->items, item, sizeof(Janet))) {
         /* Queue empty */
-        if (is_choice == 2) return 0; // Skip pending read
+        if (is_choice == 2) return 0; /* Skip pending read */
         JanetChannelPending pending;
         pending.thread = &janet_vm;
         pending.fiber = janet_vm.root_fiber,
@@ -972,7 +1118,9 @@ static int janet_channel_pop_with_lock(JanetChannel *channel, Janet *item, int i
             msg.argi = (int32_t) writer.sched_id;
             msg.argp = channel;
             msg.argj = janet_wrap_nil();
-            janet_ev_post_event(vm, janet_thread_chan_cb, msg);
+            if (vm) {
+                janet_ev_post_event(vm, janet_thread_chan_cb, msg);
+            }
         } else {
             if (writer.mode == JANET_CP_MODE_CHOICE_WRITE) {
                 janet_schedule(writer.fiber, make_write_result(channel));
@@ -1024,7 +1172,7 @@ JanetChannel *janet_channel_make(uint32_t limit) {
 JanetChannel *janet_channel_make_threaded(uint32_t limit) {
     janet_assert(limit <= INT32_MAX, "bad limit");
     JanetChannel *channel = janet_abstract_threaded(&janet_channel_type, sizeof(JanetChannel));
-    janet_chan_init(channel, (int32_t) limit, 0);
+    janet_chan_init(channel, (int32_t) limit, 1);
     return channel;
 }
 
@@ -1036,6 +1184,9 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_channel_push,
               "Returns the channel if the write succeeded, nil otherwise.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 2);
     JanetChannel *channel = janet_getchannel(argv, 0);
+    if (janet_vm.coerce_error) {
+        janet_panic("cannot give to channel inside janet_call");
+    }
     if (janet_channel_push(channel, argv[1], 0)) {
         janet_await();
     }
@@ -1048,26 +1199,15 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_channel_pop,
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     JanetChannel *channel = janet_getchannel(argv, 0);
     Janet item;
+    if (janet_vm.coerce_error) {
+        janet_panic("cannot take from channel inside janet_call");
+    }
     if (janet_channel_pop(channel, &item, 0)) {
         janet_schedule(janet_vm.root_fiber, item);
     }
     janet_await();
 }
 
-static void chan_unlock_args(const Janet *argv, int32_t n) {
-    for (int32_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        int32_t len;
-        const Janet *data;
-        JanetChannel *chan;
-        if (janet_indexed_view(argv[i], &data, &len) && len == 2) {
-            chan = janet_getchannel(data, 0);
-        } else {
-            chan = janet_getchannel(argv, i);
-        }
-        janet_chan_unlock(chan);
-    }
-}
-
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_channel_choice,
               "(ev/select & clauses)",
               "Block until the first of several channel operations occur. Returns a "
@@ -1084,6 +1224,10 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_channel_choice,
     int32_t len;
     const Janet *data;
 
+    if (janet_vm.coerce_error) {
+        janet_panic("cannot select from channel inside janet_call");
+    }
+
     /* Check channels for immediate reads and writes */
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
         if (janet_indexed_view(argv[i], &data, &len) && len == 2) {
@@ -1092,29 +1236,27 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_channel_choice,
             janet_chan_lock(chan);
             if (chan->closed) {
                 janet_chan_unlock(chan);
-                chan_unlock_args(argv, i);
                 return make_close_result(chan);
             }
             if (janet_q_count(&chan->items) < chan->limit) {
                 janet_channel_push_with_lock(chan, data[1], 1);
-                chan_unlock_args(argv, i);
                 return make_write_result(chan);
             }
+            janet_chan_unlock(chan);
         } else {
             /* Read */
             JanetChannel *chan = janet_getchannel(argv, i);
             janet_chan_lock(chan);
             if (chan->closed) {
                 janet_chan_unlock(chan);
-                chan_unlock_args(argv, i);
                 return make_close_result(chan);
             }
             if (chan->items.head != chan->items.tail) {
                 Janet item;
                 janet_channel_pop_with_lock(chan, &item, 1);
-                chan_unlock_args(argv, i);
                 return make_read_result(chan, item);
             }
+            janet_chan_unlock(chan);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1123,11 +1265,13 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_channel_choice,
         if (janet_indexed_view(argv[i], &data, &len) && len == 2) {
             /* Write */
             JanetChannel *chan = janet_getchannel(data, 0);
+            janet_chan_lock(chan);
             janet_channel_push_with_lock(chan, data[1], 1);
         } else {
             /* Read */
             Janet item;
             JanetChannel *chan = janet_getchannel(argv, i);
+            janet_chan_lock(chan);
             janet_channel_pop_with_lock(chan, &item, 1);
         }
     }
@@ -1226,9 +1370,11 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_channel_close,
                 msg.tag = JANET_CP_MODE_CLOSE;
                 msg.argi = (int32_t) writer.sched_id;
                 msg.argj = janet_wrap_nil();
-                janet_ev_post_event(vm, janet_thread_chan_cb, msg);
+                if (vm) {
+                    janet_ev_post_event(vm, janet_thread_chan_cb, msg);
+                }
             } else {
-                if (janet_fiber_can_resume(writer.fiber)) {
+                if (janet_fiber_can_resume(writer.fiber) && writer.sched_id == writer.fiber->sched_id) {
                     if (writer.mode == JANET_CP_MODE_CHOICE_WRITE) {
                         janet_schedule(writer.fiber, make_close_result(channel));
                     } else {
@@ -1247,9 +1393,11 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_channel_close,
                 msg.tag = JANET_CP_MODE_CLOSE;
                 msg.argi = (int32_t) reader.sched_id;
                 msg.argj = janet_wrap_nil();
-                janet_ev_post_event(vm, janet_thread_chan_cb, msg);
+                if (vm) {
+                    janet_ev_post_event(vm, janet_thread_chan_cb, msg);
+                }
             } else {
-                if (janet_fiber_can_resume(reader.fiber)) {
+                if (janet_fiber_can_resume(reader.fiber) && reader.sched_id == reader.fiber->sched_id) {
                     if (reader.mode == JANET_CP_MODE_CHOICE_READ) {
                         janet_schedule(reader.fiber, make_close_result(channel));
                     } else {
@@ -1319,11 +1467,12 @@ static void *janet_chanat_unmarshal(JanetMarshalContext *ctx) {
     int32_t limit = janet_unmarshal_int(ctx);
     int32_t count = janet_unmarshal_int(ctx);
     if (count < 0) janet_panic("invalid negative channel count");
+    if (count > limit) janet_panic("invalid channel count");
     janet_chan_init(abst, limit, 0);
     abst->closed = !!is_closed;
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
         Janet item = janet_unmarshal_janet(ctx);
-        janet_q_push(&abst->items, &item, sizeof(item));
+        janet_assert(!janet_q_push(&abst->items, &item, sizeof(item)), "bad unmarshal channel");
     }
     return abst;
 }
@@ -1340,7 +1489,10 @@ const JanetAbstractType janet_channel_type = {
     NULL, /* compare */
     NULL, /* hash */
     janet_chanat_next,
-    JANET_ATEND_NEXT
+    NULL, /* call */
+    NULL, /* length */
+    NULL, /* bytes */
+    janet_chanat_gcperthread
 };
 
 /* Main event loop */
@@ -1373,12 +1525,13 @@ JanetFiber *janet_loop1(void) {
                 }
             }
         }
+        handle_timeout_worker(to, 0);
     }
 
     /* Run scheduled fibers unless interrupts need to be handled. */
     while (janet_vm.spawn.head != janet_vm.spawn.tail) {
         /* Don't run until all interrupts have been marked as handled by calling janet_interpreter_interrupt_handled */
-        if (janet_vm.auto_suspend) break;
+        if (janet_atomic_load_relaxed(&janet_vm.auto_suspend)) break;
         JanetTask task = {NULL, janet_wrap_nil(), JANET_SIGNAL_OK, 0};
         janet_q_pop(&janet_vm.spawn, &task, sizeof(task));
         if (task.fiber->gc.flags & JANET_FIBER_EV_FLAG_SUSPENDED) janet_ev_dec_refcount();
@@ -1420,12 +1573,14 @@ JanetFiber *janet_loop1(void) {
         while ((has_timeout = peek_timeout(&to))) {
             if (to.curr_fiber != NULL) {
                 if (!janet_fiber_can_resume(to.curr_fiber)) {
-                    janet_table_remove(&janet_vm.active_tasks, janet_wrap_fiber(to.curr_fiber));
                     pop_timeout(0);
+                    janet_table_remove(&janet_vm.active_tasks, janet_wrap_fiber(to.curr_fiber));
+                    handle_timeout_worker(to, 1);
                     continue;
                 }
             } else if (to.fiber->sched_id != to.sched_id) {
                 pop_timeout(0);
+                handle_timeout_worker(to, 1);
                 continue;
             }
             break;
@@ -1557,20 +1712,20 @@ void janet_loop1_impl(int has_timeout, JanetTimestamp to) {
             janet_free(response);
         } else {
             /* Normal event */
+            JanetOverlapped *jo = (JanetOverlapped *) overlapped;
             JanetStream *stream = (JanetStream *) completionKey;
             JanetFiber *fiber = NULL;
-            if (stream->read_fiber && stream->read_fiber->ev_state == overlapped) {
+            if (stream->read_fiber && stream->read_fiber->ev_state == jo) {
                 fiber = stream->read_fiber;
-            } else if (stream->write_fiber && stream->write_fiber->ev_state == overlapped) {
+            } else if (stream->write_fiber && stream->write_fiber->ev_state == jo) {
                 fiber = stream->write_fiber;
             }
             if (fiber != NULL) {
                 fiber->flags &= ~JANET_FIBER_EV_FLAG_IN_FLIGHT;
-                /* System is done with this, we can reused this data */
-                overlapped->InternalHigh = (ULONG_PTR) num_bytes_transferred;
+                jo->bytes_transfered = (ULONG_PTR) num_bytes_transferred;
                 fiber->ev_callback(fiber, result ? JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_COMPLETE : JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_FAILED);
             } else {
-                janet_free((void *) overlapped);
+                janet_free((void *) jo);
                 janet_ev_dec_refcount();
             }
             janet_stream_checktoclose(stream);
@@ -1590,7 +1745,7 @@ void janet_stream_level_triggered(JanetStream *stream) {
 
 static JanetTimestamp ts_now(void) {
     struct timespec now;
-    janet_assert(-1 != clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now), "failed to get time");
+    janet_assert(-1 != janet_gettime(&now, JANET_TIME_MONOTONIC), "failed to get time");
     uint64_t res = 1000 * now.tv_sec;
     res += now.tv_nsec / 1000000;
     return res;
@@ -1748,7 +1903,7 @@ JanetTimestamp to_interval(const JanetTimestamp ts) {
 
 static JanetTimestamp ts_now(void) {
     struct timespec now;
-    janet_assert(-1 != clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now), "failed to get time");
+    janet_assert(-1 != janet_gettime(&now, JANET_TIME_MONOTONIC), "failed to get time");
     uint64_t res = 1000 * now.tv_sec;
     res += now.tv_nsec / 1000000;
     return res;
@@ -1788,6 +1943,22 @@ void janet_stream_edge_triggered(JanetStream *stream) {
 }
 
 void janet_stream_level_triggered(JanetStream *stream) {
+    /* On macos, we seem to need to delete any registered events before re-registering without
+     * EV_CLEAR, otherwise the new event will still have EV_CLEAR set erroneously. This could be a
+     * kernel bug, but unfortunately the specification is vague here, esp. in regards to where and when
+     * EV_CLEAR is set automatically. */
+    struct kevent kevs[2];
+    int length = 0;
+    if (stream->flags & (JANET_STREAM_READABLE | JANET_STREAM_ACCEPTABLE)) {
+        EV_SETx(&kevs[length++], stream->handle, EVFILT_READ, EV_DELETE, 0, 0, stream);
+    }
+    if (stream->flags & JANET_STREAM_WRITABLE) {
+        EV_SETx(&kevs[length++], stream->handle, EVFILT_WRITE, EV_DELETE, 0, 0, stream);
+    }
+    int status;
+    do {
+        status = kevent(janet_vm.kq, kevs, length, NULL, 0, NULL);
+    } while (status == -1 && errno == EINTR);
     janet_register_stream_impl(stream, 0);
 }
 
@@ -1886,7 +2057,7 @@ void janet_ev_deinit(void) {
 
 static JanetTimestamp ts_now(void) {
     struct timespec now;
-    janet_assert(-1 != clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &now), "failed to get time");
+    janet_assert(-1 != janet_gettime(&now, JANET_TIME_MONOTONIC), "failed to get time");
     uint64_t res = 1000 * now.tv_sec;
     res += now.tv_nsec / 1000000;
     return res;
@@ -2058,7 +2229,7 @@ void janet_ev_post_event(JanetVM *vm, JanetCallback cb, JanetEVGenericMessage ms
     event.cb = cb;
     int fd = vm->selfpipe[1];
     /* handle a bit of back pressure before giving up. */
-    int tries = 4;
+    int tries = 20;
     while (tries > 0) {
         int status;
         do {
@@ -2239,7 +2410,7 @@ Janet janet_ev_lasterr(void) {
                   msgbuf,
                   sizeof(msgbuf),
                   NULL);
-    if (!*msgbuf) sprintf(msgbuf, "%d", code);
+    if (!*msgbuf) snprintf(msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf), "%d", code);
     char *c = msgbuf;
     while (*c) {
         if (*c == '\n' || *c == '\r') {
@@ -2266,7 +2437,7 @@ typedef enum {
 
 typedef struct {
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
-    OVERLAPPED overlapped;
+    JanetOverlapped overlapped;
     DWORD flags;
 #ifdef JANET_NET
     WSABUF wbuf;
@@ -2301,7 +2472,7 @@ void ev_callback_read(JanetFiber *fiber, JanetAsyncEvent event) {
         case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_FAILED:
         case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_COMPLETE: {
             /* Called when read finished */
-            uint32_t ev_bytes = (uint32_t) state->overlapped.InternalHigh;
+            uint32_t ev_bytes = (uint32_t) state->overlapped.bytes_transfered;
             state->bytes_read += ev_bytes;
             if (state->bytes_read == 0 && (state->mode != JANET_ASYNC_READMODE_RECVFROM)) {
                 janet_schedule(fiber, janet_wrap_nil());
@@ -2333,7 +2504,7 @@ void ev_callback_read(JanetFiber *fiber, JanetAsyncEvent event) {
         /* fallthrough */
         case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_INIT: {
             int32_t chunk_size = state->bytes_left > JANET_EV_CHUNKSIZE ? JANET_EV_CHUNKSIZE : state->bytes_left;
-            memset(&(state->overlapped), 0, sizeof(OVERLAPPED));
+            memset(&(state->overlapped), 0, sizeof(JanetOverlapped));
             int status;
 #ifdef JANET_NET
             if (state->mode == JANET_ASYNC_READMODE_RECVFROM) {
@@ -2341,7 +2512,7 @@ void ev_callback_read(JanetFiber *fiber, JanetAsyncEvent event) {
                 state->wbuf.buf = (char *) state->chunk_buf;
                 state->fromlen = sizeof(state->from);
                 status = WSARecvFrom((SOCKET) stream->handle, &state->wbuf, 1,
-                                     NULL, &state->flags, &state->from, &state->fromlen, &state->overlapped, NULL);
+                                     NULL, &state->flags, &state->from, &state->fromlen, &state->overlapped.as.wsaoverlapped, NULL);
                 if (status && (WSA_IO_PENDING != WSAGetLastError())) {
                     janet_cancel(fiber, janet_ev_lasterr());
                     janet_async_end(fiber);
@@ -2352,9 +2523,9 @@ void ev_callback_read(JanetFiber *fiber, JanetAsyncEvent event) {
             {
                 /* Some handles (not all) read from the offset in lpOverlapped
                  * if its not set before calling `ReadFile` these streams will always read from offset 0 */
-                state->overlapped.Offset = (DWORD) state->bytes_read;
+                state->overlapped.as.overlapped.Offset = (DWORD) state->bytes_read;
 
-                status = ReadFile(stream->handle, state->chunk_buf, chunk_size, NULL, &state->overlapped);
+                status = ReadFile(stream->handle, state->chunk_buf, chunk_size, NULL, &state->overlapped.as.overlapped);
                 if (!status && (ERROR_IO_PENDING != GetLastError())) {
                     if (GetLastError() == ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE) {
                         if (state->bytes_read) {
@@ -2510,7 +2681,7 @@ typedef enum {
 
 typedef struct {
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
-    OVERLAPPED overlapped;
+    JanetOverlapped overlapped;
     DWORD flags;
 #ifdef JANET_NET
     WSABUF wbuf;
@@ -2551,7 +2722,7 @@ void ev_callback_write(JanetFiber *fiber, JanetAsyncEvent event) {
         case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_FAILED:
         case JANET_ASYNC_EVENT_COMPLETE: {
             /* Called when write finished */
-            uint32_t ev_bytes = (uint32_t) state->overlapped.InternalHigh;
+            uint32_t ev_bytes = (uint32_t) state->overlapped.bytes_transfered;
             if (ev_bytes == 0 && (state->mode != JANET_ASYNC_WRITEMODE_SENDTO)) {
                 janet_cancel(fiber, janet_cstringv("disconnect"));
                 janet_async_end(fiber);
@@ -2580,7 +2751,7 @@ void ev_callback_write(JanetFiber *fiber, JanetAsyncEvent event) {
                 bytes = state->src.str;
                 len = janet_string_length(bytes);
             }
-            memset(&(state->overlapped), 0, sizeof(WSAOVERLAPPED));
+            memset(&(state->overlapped), 0, sizeof(JanetOverlapped));
 
             int status;
 #ifdef JANET_NET
@@ -2590,7 +2761,7 @@ void ev_callback_write(JanetFiber *fiber, JanetAsyncEvent event) {
                 state->wbuf.len = len;
                 const struct sockaddr *to = state->dest_abst;
                 int tolen = (int) janet_abstract_size((void *) to);
-                status = WSASendTo(sock, &state->wbuf, 1, NULL, state->flags, to, tolen, &state->overlapped, NULL);
+                status = WSASendTo(sock, &state->wbuf, 1, NULL, state->flags, to, tolen, &state->overlapped.as.wsaoverlapped, NULL);
                 if (status) {
                     if (WSA_IO_PENDING == WSAGetLastError()) {
                         janet_async_in_flight(fiber);
@@ -2613,9 +2784,9 @@ void ev_callback_write(JanetFiber *fiber, JanetAsyncEvent event) {
                  * for more details see the lpOverlapped parameter in
                  * https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/fileapi/nf-fileapi-writefile
                  */
-                state->overlapped.Offset = (DWORD) 0xFFFFFFFF;
-                state->overlapped.OffsetHigh = (DWORD) 0xFFFFFFFF;
-                status = WriteFile(stream->handle, bytes, len, NULL, &state->overlapped);
+                state->overlapped.as.overlapped.Offset = (DWORD) 0xFFFFFFFF;
+                state->overlapped.as.overlapped.OffsetHigh = (DWORD) 0xFFFFFFFF;
+                status = WriteFile(stream->handle, bytes, len, NULL, &state->overlapped.as.overlapped);
                 if (!status) {
                     if (ERROR_IO_PENDING == GetLastError()) {
                         janet_async_in_flight(fiber);
@@ -2771,10 +2942,11 @@ int janet_make_pipe(JanetHandle handles[2], int mode) {
         if (!CreatePipe(handles, handles + 1, &saAttr, 0)) return -1;
         return 0;
     }
-    sprintf(PipeNameBuffer,
-            "\\\\.\\Pipe\\JanetPipeFile.%08x.%08x",
-            (unsigned int) GetCurrentProcessId(),
-            (unsigned int) InterlockedIncrement(&PipeSerialNumber));
+    snprintf(PipeNameBuffer,
+             sizeof(PipeNameBuffer),
+             "\\\\.\\Pipe\\JanetPipeFile.%08x.%08x",
+             (unsigned int) GetCurrentProcessId(),
+             (unsigned int) InterlockedIncrement(&PipeSerialNumber));
 
     /* server handle goes to subprocess */
     shandle = CreateNamedPipeA(
@@ -2830,12 +3002,14 @@ error:
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_ev_go,
               "(ev/go fiber-or-fun &opt value supervisor)",
-              "Put a fiber on the event loop to be resumed later. If a function is used, it is wrapped "
-              "with `fiber/new` first. "
-              "Optionally pass a value to resume with, otherwise resumes with nil. Returns the fiber. "
-              "An optional `core/channel` can be provided as a supervisor. When various "
-              "events occur in the newly scheduled fiber, an event will be pushed to the supervisor. "
-              "If not provided, the new fiber will inherit the current supervisor.") {
+              "Put a fiber on the event loop to be resumed later. If a "
+              "function is used, it is wrapped with `fiber/new` first. "
+              "Returns a task fiber. Optionally pass a value to resume "
+              "with, otherwise resumes with nil. An optional `core/channel` "
+              "can be provided as a supervisor. When various events occur "
+              "in the newly scheduled fiber, an event will be pushed to the "
+              "supervisor. If not provided, the new fiber will inherit the "
+              "current supervisor.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 1, 3);
     Janet value = argc >= 2 ? argv[1] : janet_wrap_nil();
     void *supervisor = janet_optabstract(argv, argc, 2, &janet_channel_type, janet_vm.root_fiber->supervisor_channel);
@@ -2861,6 +3035,9 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_ev_go,
         fiber->env->proto = janet_vm.fiber->env;
     } else {
         fiber = janet_getfiber(argv, 0);
+        if (janet_fiber_status(fiber) != JANET_STATUS_NEW) {
+            janet_panic("can only schedule new fibers where (= (fiber/status f) :new)");
+        }
     }
     fiber->supervisor_channel = supervisor;
     janet_schedule(fiber, value);
@@ -2905,7 +3082,8 @@ static JanetEVGenericMessage janet_go_thread_subr(JanetEVGenericMessage args) {
             uint32_t count1;
             memcpy(&count1, nextbytes, sizeof(count1));
             size_t count = (size_t) count1;
-            if (count > (endbytes - nextbytes) * sizeof(JanetCFunRegistry)) {
+            /* Use division to avoid overflowing size_t */
+            if (count > (endbytes - nextbytes - sizeof(count1)) / sizeof(JanetCFunRegistry)) {
                 janet_panic("thread message invalid");
             }
             janet_vm.registry_count = count;
@@ -2995,6 +3173,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_ev_thread,
               "* `:t` - set the task-id of the new thread to value. The task-id is passed in messages to the supervisor channel.\n"
               "* `:a` - don't copy abstract registry to new thread (performance optimization)\n"
               "* `:c` - don't copy cfunction registry to new thread (performance optimization)") {
+    janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_THREADS);
     janet_arity(argc, 1, 4);
     Janet value = argc >= 2 ? argv[1] : janet_wrap_nil();
     if (!janet_checktype(argv[0], JANET_FUNCTION)) janet_getfiber(argv, 0);
@@ -3063,6 +3242,7 @@ JANET_NO_RETURN void janet_sleep_await(double sec) {
     to.is_error = 0;
     to.sched_id = to.fiber->sched_id;
     to.curr_fiber = NULL;
+    to.has_worker = 0;
     add_timeout(to);
     janet_await();
 }
@@ -3076,33 +3256,74 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_ev_sleep,
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_ev_deadline,
-              "(ev/deadline sec &opt tocancel tocheck)",
-              "Schedules the event loop to try to cancel the `tocancel` "
-              "task as with `ev/cancel`. After `sec` seconds, the event "
-              "loop will attempt cancellation of `tocancel` if the "
-              "`tocheck` fiber is resumable. `sec` is a number that can "
-              "have a fractional part. `tocancel` defaults to "
-              "`(fiber/root)`, but if specified, must be a task (root "
-              "fiber). `tocheck` defaults to `(fiber/current)`, but if "
-              "specified, should be a fiber. Returns `tocancel` "
-              "immediately.") {
-    janet_arity(argc, 1, 3);
+              "(ev/deadline sec &opt tocancel tocheck intr?)",
+              "Schedules the event loop to try to cancel the `tocancel` task as with `ev/cancel`. "
+              "After `sec` seconds, the event loop will attempt cancellation of `tocancel` if the "
+              "`tocheck` fiber is resumable. `sec` is a number that can have a fractional part. "
+              "`tocancel` defaults to `(fiber/root)`, but if specified, must be a task (root "
+              "fiber). `tocheck` defaults to `(fiber/current)`, but if specified, must be a fiber. "
+              "Returns `tocancel` immediately. If `interrupt?` is set to true, will create a "
+              "background thread to try to interrupt the VM if the timeout expires.") {
+    janet_arity(argc, 1, 4);
     double sec = janet_getnumber(argv, 0);
+    sec = (sec < 0) ? 0 : sec;
     JanetFiber *tocancel = janet_optfiber(argv, argc, 1, janet_vm.root_fiber);
     JanetFiber *tocheck = janet_optfiber(argv, argc, 2, janet_vm.fiber);
+    int use_interrupt = janet_optboolean(argv, argc, 3, 0);
     JanetTimeout to;
     to.when = ts_delta(ts_now(), sec);
     to.fiber = tocancel;
     to.curr_fiber = tocheck;
     to.is_error = 0;
     to.sched_id = to.fiber->sched_id;
+    if (use_interrupt) {
+#ifdef JANET_ANDROID
+        janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_SIGNAL);
+#endif
+        JanetThreadedTimeout *tto = janet_malloc(sizeof(JanetThreadedTimeout));
+        if (NULL == tto) {
+            JANET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+        }
+        tto->sec = sec;
+        tto->vm = &janet_vm;
+        tto->fiber = tocheck;
+#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+        HANDLE cancel_event = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
+        if (NULL == cancel_event) {
+            janet_free(tto);
+            janet_panic("failed to create cancel event");
+        }
+        tto->cancel_event = cancel_event;
+        HANDLE worker = CreateThread(NULL, 0, janet_timeout_body, tto, CREATE_SUSPENDED, NULL);
+        if (NULL == worker) {
+            janet_free(tto);
+            janet_panic("failed to create thread");
+        }
+#else
+        pthread_t worker;
+        int err = pthread_create(&worker, NULL, janet_timeout_body, tto);
+        if (err) {
+            janet_free(tto);
+            janet_panicf("%s", janet_strerror(err));
+        }
+#endif
+        to.has_worker = 1;
+        to.worker = worker;
+#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+        to.worker_event = cancel_event;
+        ResumeThread(worker);
+#endif
+    } else {
+        to.has_worker = 0;
+    }
     add_timeout(to);
     return janet_wrap_fiber(tocancel);
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_ev_cancel,
               "(ev/cancel fiber err)",
-              "Cancel a suspended fiber in the event loop. Differs from cancel in that it returns the canceled fiber immediately.") {
+              "Cancel a suspended task fiber in the event loop. Differs from "
+              "`cancel` in that it returns the canceled fiber immediately.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 2);
     JanetFiber *fiber = janet_getfiber(argv, 0);
     Janet err = argv[1];
@@ -3275,9 +3496,67 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(janet_cfun_rwlock_write_release,
     return argv[0];
 }
 
+static JanetFile *get_file_for_stream(JanetStream *stream) {
+    int32_t flags = 0;
+    char fmt[4] = {0};
+    int index = 0;
+    if (stream->flags & JANET_STREAM_READABLE) {
+        flags |= JANET_FILE_READ;
+        janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_FS_READ);
+        fmt[index++] = 'r';
+    }
+    if (stream->flags & JANET_STREAM_WRITABLE) {
+        flags |= JANET_FILE_WRITE;
+        janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_FS_WRITE);
+        int currindex = index;
+        fmt[index++] = (currindex == 0) ? 'w' : '+';
+    }
+    if (index == 0) return NULL;
+    /* duplicate handle when converting stream to file */
+#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+    int htype = 0;
+    if (fmt[0] == 'r' && fmt[1] == '+') {
+        htype = _O_RDWR;
+    } else if (fmt[0] == 'r') {
+        htype = _O_RDONLY;
+    } else if (fmt[0] == 'w') {
+        htype = _O_WRONLY;
+    }
+    int fd = _open_osfhandle((intptr_t) stream->handle, htype);
+    if (fd < 0) return NULL;
+    int fd_dup = _dup(fd);
+    if (fd_dup < 0) return NULL;
+    FILE *f = _fdopen(fd_dup, fmt);
+    if (NULL == f) {
+        _close(fd_dup);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+#else
+    int fd_dup = dup(stream->handle);
+    if (fd_dup < 0) return NULL;
+    FILE *f = fdopen(fd_dup, fmt);
+    if (NULL == f) {
+        close(fd_dup);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+#endif
+    return janet_makejfile(f, flags);
+}
+
+JANET_CORE_FN(janet_cfun_to_file,
+              "(ev/to-file)",
+              "Create core/file copy of the stream. This value can be used "
+              "when blocking IO behavior is needed.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
+    JanetStream *stream = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_stream_type);
+    JanetFile *iof = get_file_for_stream(stream);
+    if (iof == NULL) janet_panic("cannot make file from stream");
+    return janet_wrap_abstract(iof);
+}
+
 JANET_CORE_FN(janet_cfun_ev_all_tasks,
               "(ev/all-tasks)",
-              "Get an array of all active fibers that are being used by the scheduler.") {
+              "Get an array of all active task fibers that are being used by the scheduler.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 0);
     (void) argv;
     JanetArray *array = janet_array(janet_vm.active_tasks.count);
@@ -3319,6 +3598,7 @@ void janet_lib_ev(JanetTable *env) {
         JANET_CORE_REG("ev/acquire-wlock", janet_cfun_rwlock_write_lock),
         JANET_CORE_REG("ev/release-rlock", janet_cfun_rwlock_read_release),
         JANET_CORE_REG("ev/release-wlock", janet_cfun_rwlock_write_release),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("ev/to-file", janet_cfun_to_file),
         JANET_CORE_REG("ev/all-tasks", janet_cfun_ev_all_tasks),
         JANET_REG_END
     };
@@ -3328,8 +3608,6 @@ void janet_lib_ev(JanetTable *env) {
     janet_register_abstract_type(&janet_channel_type);
     janet_register_abstract_type(&janet_mutex_type);
     janet_register_abstract_type(&janet_rwlock_type);
-
-    janet_lib_filewatch(env);
 }
 
 #endif

src/core/features.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/core/ffi.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -1344,6 +1344,15 @@ typedef double (win64_variant_f_ffif)(double, double, uint64_t, double);
 typedef double (win64_variant_f_fffi)(double, double, double, uint64_t);
 typedef double (win64_variant_f_ffff)(double, double, double, double);
 
+/* MSVC stack frame runtime error checking (/RTCs) prepends alloca() allocations with an _RTC_ALLOCA_NODE
+ * header; misalligning stack-based FFI arguments and causing the memmove() (by stack_shift) to corrupt
+ * the _RTC_ALLOCA_NODE header.
+ *
+ * We turn off the RTC-instrumented alloca() and adding of _RTC_CheckStackVars to function prologue just
+ * for janet_ffi_win64() */
+#ifdef __MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS
+#pragma runtime_checks( "s", off )
+#endif
 static Janet janet_ffi_win64(JanetFFISignature *signature, void *function_pointer, const Janet *argv) {
     union {
         uint64_t integer;
@@ -1493,6 +1502,10 @@ static Janet janet_ffi_win64(JanetFFISignature *signature, void *function_pointe
 
     return janet_ffi_read_one(ret_mem, signature->ret.type, JANET_FFI_MAX_RECUR);
 }
+#ifdef __MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS
+// Restore stack frame runtime error checking (/RTCs) if it was enabled.
+#pragma runtime_checks ( "s", restore )
+#endif
 
 #endif
 
@@ -1686,7 +1699,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_ffi_buffer_write,
     JanetFFIType type = decode_ffi_type(argv[0]);
     uint32_t el_size = (uint32_t) type_size(type);
     JanetBuffer *buffer = janet_optbuffer(argv, argc, 2, el_size);
-    int32_t index = janet_optnat(argv, argc, 3, 0);
+    int32_t index = janet_optnat(argv, argc, 3, buffer->count);
     int32_t old_count = buffer->count;
     if (index > old_count) janet_panic("index out of bounds");
     buffer->count = index;

src/core/fiber.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -592,8 +592,8 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_fiber_status,
               "* :user(0-7) - the fiber is suspended by a user signal\n"
               "* :interrupted - the fiber was interrupted\n"
               "* :suspended - the fiber is waiting to be resumed by the scheduler\n"
-              "* :alive - the fiber is currently running and cannot be resumed\n"
-              "* :new - the fiber has just been created and not yet run") {
+              "* :new - the fiber has just been created and not yet run\n"
+              "* :alive - the fiber is currently running and cannot be resumed") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     JanetFiber *fiber = janet_getfiber(argv, 0);
     uint32_t s = janet_fiber_status(fiber);
@@ -610,8 +610,9 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_fiber_current,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_fiber_root,
               "(fiber/root)",
-              "Returns the current root fiber. The root fiber is the oldest ancestor "
-              "that does not have a parent.") {
+              "Returns the current root fiber. The root fiber is the oldest "
+              "ancestor that does not have a parent. Note that a root fiber "
+              "is also a task fiber.") {
     (void) argv;
     janet_fixarity(argc, 0);
     return janet_wrap_fiber(janet_vm.root_fiber);

src/core/fiber.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/core/filewatch.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ static void janet_watcher_init(JanetWatcher *watcher, JanetChannel *channel, uin
 #define FILE_INFO_PADDING (4096 * 4)
 
 typedef struct {
-    OVERLAPPED overlapped;
+    JanetOverlapped overlapped;
     JanetStream *stream;
     JanetWatcher *watcher;
     JanetFiber *fiber;
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ static void janet_watcher_add(JanetWatcher *watcher, const char *path, uint32_t
     Janet pathv = janet_wrap_string(ow->dir_path);
     ow->flags = flags | watcher->default_flags;
     ow->watcher = watcher;
-    ow->overlapped.hEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, 0, NULL); /* Do we need this */
+    ow->overlapped.as.overlapped.hEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, 0, NULL); /* Do we need this */
     Janet streamv = janet_wrap_pointer(ow);
     janet_table_put(watcher->watch_descriptors, pathv, streamv);
     if (watcher->is_watching) {
@@ -521,23 +521,23 @@ static void janet_watcher_add(JanetWatcher *watcher, const char *path, uint32_t
     (void) watcher;
     (void) flags;
     (void) path;
-    janet_panic("nyi");
+    janet_panic("filewatch not supported on this platform");
 }
 
 static void janet_watcher_remove(JanetWatcher *watcher, const char *path) {
     (void) watcher;
     (void) path;
-    janet_panic("nyi");
+    janet_panic("filewatch not supported on this platform");
 }
 
 static void janet_watcher_listen(JanetWatcher *watcher) {
     (void) watcher;
-    janet_panic("nyi");
+    janet_panic("filewatch not supported on this platform");
 }
 
 static void janet_watcher_unlisten(JanetWatcher *watcher) {
     (void) watcher;
-    janet_panic("nyi");
+    janet_panic("filewatch not supported on this platform");
 }
 
 #endif
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ static const JanetAbstractType janet_filewatch_at = {
 };
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_filewatch_make,
-              "(filewatch/new channel &opt default-flags)",
+              "(filewatch/new channel & default-flags)",
               "Create a new filewatcher that will give events to a channel channel. See `filewatch/add` for available flags.\n\n"
               "When an event is triggered by the filewatcher, a struct containing information will be given to channel as with `ev/give`. "
               "The contents of the channel depend on the OS, but will contain some common keys:\n\n"
@@ -597,35 +597,35 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_filewatch_make,
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_filewatch_add,
-              "(filewatch/add watcher path &opt flags)",
+              "(filewatch/add watcher path flag & more-flags)",
               "Add a path to the watcher. Available flags depend on the current OS, and are as follows:\n\n"
-              "Windows/MINGW (flags correspond to FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_* flags in win32 documentation):\n\n"
+              "Windows/MINGW (flags correspond to `FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_*` flags in win32 documentation):\n\n"
               "* `:all` - trigger an event for all of the below triggers.\n\n"
-              "* `:attributes` - FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_ATTRIBUTES\n\n"
-              "* `:creation` - FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_CREATION\n\n"
-              "* `:dir-name` - FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_DIR_NAME\n\n"
-              "* `:last-access` - FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_ACCESS\n\n"
-              "* `:last-write` - FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_WRITE\n\n"
-              "* `:security` - FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_SECURITY\n\n"
-              "* `:size` - FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_SIZE\n\n"
+              "* `:attributes` - `FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_ATTRIBUTES`\n\n"
+              "* `:creation` - `FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_CREATION`\n\n"
+              "* `:dir-name` - `FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_DIR_NAME`\n\n"
+              "* `:last-access` - `FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_ACCESS`\n\n"
+              "* `:last-write` - `FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_WRITE`\n\n"
+              "* `:security` - `FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_SECURITY`\n\n"
+              "* `:size` - `FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_SIZE`\n\n"
               "* `:recursive` - watch subdirectories recursively\n\n"
-              "Linux (flags correspond to IN_* flags from <sys/inotify.h>):\n\n"
-              "* `:access` - IN_ACCESS\n\n"
-              "* `:all` - IN_ALL_EVENTS\n\n"
-              "* `:attrib` - IN_ATTRIB\n\n"
-              "* `:close-nowrite` - IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE\n\n"
-              "* `:close-write` - IN_CLOSE_WRITE\n\n"
-              "* `:create` - IN_CREATE\n\n"
-              "* `:delete` - IN_DELETE\n\n"
-              "* `:delete-self` - IN_DELETE_SELF\n\n"
-              "* `:ignored` - IN_IGNORED\n\n"
-              "* `:modify` - IN_MODIFY\n\n"
-              "* `:move-self` - IN_MOVE_SELF\n\n"
-              "* `:moved-from` - IN_MOVED_FROM\n\n"
-              "* `:moved-to` - IN_MOVED_TO\n\n"
-              "* `:open` - IN_OPEN\n\n"
-              "* `:q-overflow` - IN_Q_OVERFLOW\n\n"
-              "* `:unmount` - IN_UNMOUNT\n\n\n"
+              "Linux (flags correspond to `IN_*` flags from <sys/inotify.h>):\n\n"
+              "* `:access` - `IN_ACCESS`\n\n"
+              "* `:all` - `IN_ALL_EVENTS`\n\n"
+              "* `:attrib` - `IN_ATTRIB`\n\n"
+              "* `:close-nowrite` - `IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE`\n\n"
+              "* `:close-write` - `IN_CLOSE_WRITE`\n\n"
+              "* `:create` - `IN_CREATE`\n\n"
+              "* `:delete` - `IN_DELETE`\n\n"
+              "* `:delete-self` - `IN_DELETE_SELF`\n\n"
+              "* `:ignored` - `IN_IGNORED`\n\n"
+              "* `:modify` - `IN_MODIFY`\n\n"
+              "* `:move-self` - `IN_MOVE_SELF`\n\n"
+              "* `:moved-from` - `IN_MOVED_FROM`\n\n"
+              "* `:moved-to` - `IN_MOVED_TO`\n\n"
+              "* `:open` - `IN_OPEN`\n\n"
+              "* `:q-overflow` - `IN_Q_OVERFLOW`\n\n"
+              "* `:unmount` - `IN_UNMOUNT`\n\n\n"
               "On Windows, events will have the following possible types:\n\n"
               "* `:unknown`\n\n"
               "* `:added`\n\n"
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_filewatch_add,
               "* `:modified`\n\n"
               "* `:renamed-old`\n\n"
               "* `:renamed-new`\n\n"
-              "On Linux, events will a `:type` corresponding to the possible flags, excluding `:all`.\n"
+              "On Linux, events will have a `:type` corresponding to the possible flags, excluding `:all`.\n"
               "") {
     janet_arity(argc, 2, -1);
     JanetWatcher *watcher = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_filewatch_at);

src/core/gc.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -346,6 +346,9 @@ static void janet_deinit_block(JanetGCObject *mem) {
             break;
         case JANET_MEMORY_ABSTRACT: {
             JanetAbstractHead *head = (JanetAbstractHead *)mem;
+            if (head->type->gcperthread) {
+                janet_assert(!head->type->gcperthread(head->data, head->size), "per-thread finalizer failed");
+            }
             if (head->type->gc) {
                 janet_assert(!head->type->gc(head->data, head->size), "finalizer failed");
             }
@@ -497,15 +500,11 @@ void janet_sweep() {
             /* If not visited... */
             if (!janet_truthy(items[i].value)) {
                 void *abst = janet_unwrap_abstract(items[i].key);
-                if (0 == janet_abstract_decref(abst)) {
-                    /* Run finalizer */
-                    JanetAbstractHead *head = janet_abstract_head(abst);
-                    if (head->type->gc) {
-                        janet_assert(!head->type->gc(head->data, head->size), "finalizer failed");
-                    }
-                    /* Free memory */
-                    janet_free(janet_abstract_head(abst));
+                JanetAbstractHead *head = janet_abstract_head(abst);
+                if (head->type->gcperthread) {
+                    janet_assert(!head->type->gcperthread(head->data, head->size), "per-thread finalizer failed");
                 }
+                janet_abstract_decref_maybe_free(abst);
 
                 /* Mark as tombstone in place */
                 items[i].key = janet_wrap_nil();
@@ -672,13 +671,11 @@ void janet_clear_memory(void) {
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < janet_vm.threaded_abstracts.capacity; i++) {
         if (janet_checktype(items[i].key, JANET_ABSTRACT)) {
             void *abst = janet_unwrap_abstract(items[i].key);
-            if (0 == janet_abstract_decref(abst)) {
-                JanetAbstractHead *head = janet_abstract_head(abst);
-                if (head->type->gc) {
-                    janet_assert(!head->type->gc(head->data, head->size), "finalizer failed");
-                }
-                janet_free(janet_abstract_head(abst));
+            JanetAbstractHead *head = janet_abstract_head(abst);
+            if (head->type->gcperthread) {
+                janet_assert(!head->type->gcperthread(head->data, head->size), "per-thread finalizer failed");
             }
+            janet_abstract_decref_maybe_free(abst);
         }
     }
 #endif

src/core/gc.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/core/inttypes.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose & contributors
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose & contributors
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -191,21 +191,21 @@ Janet janet_wrap_u64(uint64_t x) {
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_it_s64_new,
               "(int/s64 value)",
-              "Create a boxed signed 64 bit integer from a string value.") {
+              "Create a boxed signed 64 bit integer from a string value or a number.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     return janet_wrap_s64(janet_unwrap_s64(argv[0]));
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_it_u64_new,
               "(int/u64 value)",
-              "Create a boxed unsigned 64 bit integer from a string value.") {
+              "Create a boxed unsigned 64 bit integer from a string value or a number.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     return janet_wrap_u64(janet_unwrap_u64(argv[0]));
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_to_number,
               "(int/to-number value)",
-              "Convert an int/u64 or int/s64 to a number. Fails if the number is out of range for an int32.") {
+              "Convert an int/u64 or int/s64 to a number. Fails if the number is out of range for an int64.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     if (janet_type(argv[0]) == JANET_ABSTRACT) {
         void *abst = janet_unwrap_abstract(argv[0]);

src/core/io.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 
 #ifndef JANET_WINDOWS
 #include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #endif
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ static void *io_file_unmarshal(JanetMarshalContext *ctx);
 static Janet io_file_next(void *p, Janet key);
 
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+#include <io.h>
 #define ftell _ftelli64
 #define fseek _fseeki64
 #endif
@@ -108,11 +110,12 @@ static int32_t checkflags(const uint8_t *str) {
     return flags;
 }
 
-static void *makef(FILE *f, int32_t flags) {
+static void *makef(FILE *f, int32_t flags, size_t bufsize) {
     JanetFile *iof = (JanetFile *) janet_abstract(&janet_file_type, sizeof(JanetFile));
     iof->file = f;
     iof->flags = flags;
-#ifndef JANET_WINDOWS
+    iof->vbufsize = bufsize;
+#if !(defined(JANET_WINDOWS) || defined(JANET_PLAN9))
     /* While we would like fopen to set cloexec by default (like O_CLOEXEC) with the e flag, that is
      * not standard. */
     if (!(flags & JANET_FILE_NOT_CLOSEABLE))
@@ -163,8 +166,17 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_fopen,
         flags = JANET_FILE_READ;
     }
     FILE *f = fopen((const char *)fname, (const char *)fmode);
+    size_t bufsize = BUFSIZ;
     if (f != NULL) {
-        size_t bufsize = janet_optsize(argv, argc, 2, BUFSIZ);
+#if !(defined(JANET_WINDOWS) || defined(JANET_PLAN9))
+        struct stat st;
+        fstat(fileno(f), &st);
+        if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+            fclose(f);
+            janet_panicf("cannot open directory: %s", fname);
+        }
+#endif
+        bufsize = janet_optsize(argv, argc, 2, BUFSIZ);
         if (bufsize != BUFSIZ) {
             int result = setvbuf(f, NULL, bufsize ? _IOFBF : _IONBF, bufsize);
             if (result) {
@@ -172,7 +184,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_fopen,
             }
         }
     }
-    return f ? janet_makefile(f, flags)
+    return f ? janet_wrap_abstract(makef(f, flags, bufsize))
            : (flags & JANET_FILE_NONIL) ? (janet_panicf("failed to open file %s: %s", fname, janet_strerror(errno)), janet_wrap_nil())
            : janet_wrap_nil();
 }
@@ -240,9 +252,9 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_fread,
 
 /* Write bytes to a file */
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_fwrite,
-              "(file/write f bytes)",
-              "Writes to a file. 'bytes' must be string, buffer, or symbol. Returns the "
-              "file.") {
+              "(file/write f & bytes)",
+              "Writes to a file `f`. Each value of `bytes` must be a "
+              "string, buffer, symbol, or keyword. Returns the file.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 1, -1);
     JanetFile *iof = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_file_type);
     if (iof->flags & JANET_FILE_CLOSED)
@@ -401,12 +413,23 @@ static void io_file_marshal(void *p, JanetMarshalContext *ctx) {
     JanetFile *iof = (JanetFile *)p;
     if (ctx->flags & JANET_MARSHAL_UNSAFE) {
         janet_marshal_abstract(ctx, p);
+        int fno = -1;
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
-        janet_marshal_int(ctx, _fileno(iof->file));
+        if (iof->flags & JANET_FILE_NOT_CLOSEABLE) {
+            fno = _fileno(iof->file);
+        } else {
+            fno = _dup(_fileno(iof->file));
+        }
 #else
-        janet_marshal_int(ctx, fileno(iof->file));
+        if (iof->flags & JANET_FILE_NOT_CLOSEABLE) {
+            fno = fileno(iof->file);
+        } else {
+            fno = dup(fileno(iof->file));
+        }
 #endif
+        janet_marshal_int(ctx, fno);
         janet_marshal_int(ctx, iof->flags);
+        janet_marshal_size(ctx, iof->vbufsize);
     } else {
         janet_panic("cannot marshal file in safe mode");
     }
@@ -435,6 +458,11 @@ static void *io_file_unmarshal(JanetMarshalContext *ctx) {
         } else {
             iof->flags = flags;
         }
+        iof->vbufsize = janet_unmarshal_size(ctx);
+        if (iof->vbufsize != BUFSIZ) {
+            int result = setvbuf(iof->file, NULL, iof->vbufsize ? _IOFBF : _IONBF, iof->vbufsize);
+            janet_assert(!result, "unmarshal setvbuf");
+        }
         return iof;
     } else {
         janet_panic("cannot unmarshal file in safe mode");
@@ -712,8 +740,15 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_io_eflush,
 void janet_dynprintf(const char *name, FILE *dflt_file, const char *format, ...) {
     va_list args;
     va_start(args, format);
-    Janet x = janet_dyn(name);
-    JanetType xtype = janet_type(x);
+    JanetType xtype;
+    Janet x;
+    if (!name || name[0] == '\0') { /* Allow NULL or empty string to just use dflt_file directly */
+        x = janet_wrap_nil();
+        xtype = JANET_NIL;
+    } else {
+        x = janet_dyn(name);
+        xtype = janet_type(x);
+    }
     switch (xtype) {
         default:
             /* Other values simply do nothing */
@@ -769,11 +804,11 @@ FILE *janet_getfile(const Janet *argv, int32_t n, int32_t *flags) {
 }
 
 JanetFile *janet_makejfile(FILE *f, int32_t flags) {
-    return makef(f, flags);
+    return makef(f, flags, BUFSIZ);
 }
 
 Janet janet_makefile(FILE *f, int32_t flags) {
-    return janet_wrap_abstract(makef(f, flags));
+    return janet_wrap_abstract(makef(f, flags, BUFSIZ));
 }
 
 JanetAbstract janet_checkfile(Janet j) {

src/core/marsh.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -276,6 +276,8 @@ static void marshal_one_def(MarshalState *st, JanetFuncDef *def, int flags) {
     pushint(st, def->max_arity);
     pushint(st, def->constants_length);
     pushint(st, def->bytecode_length);
+    if (def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_NAMEDARGS)
+        pushint(st, def->named_args_count);
     if (def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASENVS)
         pushint(st, def->environments_length);
     if (def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASDEFS)
@@ -914,6 +916,7 @@ static const uint8_t *unmarshal_one_def(
         def->sourcemap = NULL;
         def->symbolmap = NULL;
         def->symbolmap_length = 0;
+        def->named_args_count = 0;
         janet_v_push(st->lookup_defs, def);
 
         /* Set default lengths to zero */
@@ -933,6 +936,8 @@ static const uint8_t *unmarshal_one_def(
         /* Read some lengths */
         constants_length = readnat(st, &data);
         bytecode_length = readnat(st, &data);
+        if (def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_NAMEDARGS)
+            def->named_args_count = readnat(st, &data);
         if (def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASENVS)
             environments_length = readnat(st, &data);
         if (def->flags & JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASDEFS)
@@ -1693,6 +1698,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_unmarshal,
               "Unmarshal a value from a buffer. An optional lookup table "
               "can be provided to allow for aliases to be resolved. Returns the value "
               "unmarshalled from the buffer.") {
+    janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_UNMARSHAL);
     janet_arity(argc, 1, 2);
     JanetByteView view = janet_getbytes(argv, 0);
     JanetTable *reg = NULL;

src/core/math.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -271,28 +271,30 @@ JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(cosh, "Returns the hyperbolic cosine of x.")
 JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(acosh, "Returns the hyperbolic arccosine of x.")
 JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(sin, "Returns the sine of x.")
 JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(sinh, "Returns the hyperbolic sine of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(asinh, "Returns the hyperbolic arcsine of x.")
 JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(tan, "Returns the tangent of x.")
 JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(tanh, "Returns the hyperbolic tangent of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(atanh, "Returns the hyperbolic arctangent of x.")
 JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(exp, "Returns e to the power of x.")
 JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(exp2, "Returns 2 to the power of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(log1p, "Returns (log base e of x) + 1 more accurately than (+ (math/log x) 1)")
+#ifndef JANET_PLAN9
 JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(expm1, "Returns e to the power of x minus 1.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(cbrt, "Returns the cube root of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(erf, "Returns the error function of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(erfc, "Returns the complementary error function of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_NAMED_MATHOP("log-gamma", lgamma, "Returns log-gamma(x).")
+JANET_DEFINE_NAMED_MATHOP("gamma", tgamma, "Returns gamma(x).")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(atanh, "Returns the hyperbolic arctangent of x.")
+JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(asinh, "Returns the hyperbolic arcsine of x.")
+#endif
 JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(log, "Returns the natural logarithm of x.")
 JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(log10, "Returns the log base 10 of x.")
 JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(log2, "Returns the log base 2 of x.")
 JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(sqrt, "Returns the square root of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(cbrt, "Returns the cube root of x.")
 JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(ceil, "Returns the smallest integer value number that is not less than x.")
 JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(floor, "Returns the largest integer value number that is not greater than x.")
 JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(trunc, "Returns the integer between x and 0 nearest to x.")
 JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(round, "Returns the integer nearest to x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(log1p, "Returns (log base e of x) + 1 more accurately than (+ (math/log x) 1)")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(erf, "Returns the error function of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_MATHOP(erfc, "Returns the complementary error function of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_NAMED_MATHOP("log-gamma", lgamma, "Returns log-gamma(x).")
 JANET_DEFINE_NAMED_MATHOP("abs", fabs, "Return the absolute value of x.")
-JANET_DEFINE_NAMED_MATHOP("gamma", tgamma, "Returns gamma(x).")
 
 #define JANET_DEFINE_MATH2OP(name, fop, signature, doc)\
 JANET_CORE_FN(janet_##name, signature, doc) {\
@@ -305,7 +307,9 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(janet_##name, signature, doc) {\
 JANET_DEFINE_MATH2OP(atan2, atan2, "(math/atan2 y x)", "Returns the arctangent of y/x. Works even when x is 0.")
 JANET_DEFINE_MATH2OP(pow, pow, "(math/pow a x)", "Returns a to the power of x.")
 JANET_DEFINE_MATH2OP(hypot, hypot, "(math/hypot a b)", "Returns c from the equation c^2 = a^2 + b^2.")
+#ifndef JANET_PLAN9
 JANET_DEFINE_MATH2OP(nextafter, nextafter,  "(math/next x y)", "Returns the next representable floating point value after x in the direction of y.")
+#endif
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(janet_not, "(not x)", "Returns the boolean inverse of x.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
@@ -386,7 +390,17 @@ void janet_lib_math(JanetTable *env) {
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/log10", janet_log10),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/log2", janet_log2),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/sqrt", janet_sqrt),
+#ifndef JANET_PLAN9
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/cbrt", janet_cbrt),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("math/gamma", janet_tgamma),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("math/log-gamma", janet_lgamma),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("math/erfc", janet_erfc),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("math/erf", janet_erf),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("math/expm1", janet_expm1),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("math/atanh", janet_atanh),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("math/asinh", janet_asinh),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("math/next", janet_nextafter),
+#endif
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/floor", janet_floor),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/ceil", janet_ceil),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/pow", janet_pow),
@@ -394,8 +408,6 @@ void janet_lib_math(JanetTable *env) {
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/sinh", janet_sinh),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/cosh", janet_cosh),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/tanh", janet_tanh),
-        JANET_CORE_REG("math/atanh", janet_atanh),
-        JANET_CORE_REG("math/asinh", janet_asinh),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/acosh", janet_acosh),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/atan2", janet_atan2),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/rng", cfun_rng_make),
@@ -405,14 +417,8 @@ void janet_lib_math(JanetTable *env) {
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/hypot", janet_hypot),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/exp2", janet_exp2),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/log1p", janet_log1p),
-        JANET_CORE_REG("math/gamma", janet_tgamma),
-        JANET_CORE_REG("math/log-gamma", janet_lgamma),
-        JANET_CORE_REG("math/erfc", janet_erfc),
-        JANET_CORE_REG("math/erf", janet_erf),
-        JANET_CORE_REG("math/expm1", janet_expm1),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/trunc", janet_trunc),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/round", janet_round),
-        JANET_CORE_REG("math/next", janet_nextafter),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/gcd", janet_cfun_gcd),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/lcm", janet_cfun_lcm),
         JANET_CORE_REG("math/frexp", janet_cfun_frexp),
@@ -435,9 +441,9 @@ void janet_lib_math(JanetTable *env) {
     JANET_CORE_DEF(env, "math/int32-max", janet_wrap_number(INT32_MAX),
                    "The maximum contiguous integer representable by a 32 bit signed integer");
     JANET_CORE_DEF(env, "math/int-min", janet_wrap_number(JANET_INTMIN_DOUBLE),
-                   "The minimum contiguous integer representable by a double (2^53)");
+                   "The minimum contiguous integer representable by a double (-(2^53))");
     JANET_CORE_DEF(env, "math/int-max", janet_wrap_number(JANET_INTMAX_DOUBLE),
-                   "The maximum contiguous integer representable by a double (-(2^53))");
+                   "The maximum contiguous integer representable by a double (2^53)");
 #ifdef NAN
     JANET_CORE_DEF(env, "math/nan", janet_wrap_number(NAN), "Not a number (IEEE-754 NaN)");
 #else

src/core/net.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose and contributors.
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose and contributors.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -120,7 +120,55 @@ static void janet_net_socknoblock(JSock s) {
 #endif
 }
 
+/* Allow specifying IPV6 vs. IPV4 (or unix domain socket) */
+static int net_get_address_family(Janet x) {
+    if (janet_checktype(x, JANET_NIL)) {
+        return AF_UNSPEC;
+    }
+    if (janet_keyeq(x, "ipv4")) {
+        return AF_INET;
+    }
+    if (janet_keyeq(x, "ipv6")) {
+        return AF_INET6;
+    }
+#ifndef JANET_WINDOWS
+    if (janet_keyeq(x, "unix")) {
+        return AF_UNIX;
+    }
+#endif
+    return AF_UNSPEC;
+}
+
 /* State machine for async connect */
+#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+
+typedef struct NetStateConnect {
+    /* Only used for ConnectEx */
+    JanetOverlapped overlapped;
+} NetStateConnect;
+
+static LPFN_CONNECTEX lazy_get_connectex(JSock sock) {
+    /* Get ConnectEx */
+    if (janet_vm.connect_ex_loaded) {
+        return janet_vm.connect_ex;
+    }
+    GUID guid = WSAID_CONNECTEX;
+    LPFN_CONNECTEX connect_ex_ptr = NULL;
+    DWORD byte_len = 0;
+    int success = WSAIoctl(sock, SIO_GET_EXTENSION_FUNCTION_POINTER,
+                           (void*)&guid, sizeof(guid),
+                           (void*)&connect_ex_ptr, sizeof(connect_ex_ptr),
+                           &byte_len, NULL, NULL);
+    if (success) {
+        janet_vm.connect_ex = connect_ex_ptr;
+    } else {
+        janet_vm.connect_ex = NULL;
+    }
+    janet_vm.connect_ex_loaded = 1;
+    return janet_vm.connect_ex;
+}
+
+#endif
 
 void net_callback_connect(JanetFiber *fiber, JanetAsyncEvent event) {
     JanetStream *stream = fiber->ev_stream;
@@ -140,15 +188,21 @@ void net_callback_connect(JanetFiber *fiber, JanetAsyncEvent event) {
             return;
     }
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+    /* We should be using ConnectEx here */
     int res = 0;
     int size = sizeof(res);
-    int r = getsockopt((SOCKET)stream->handle, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, (char *)&res, &size);
+    int r = getsockopt((SOCKET)stream->handle, SOL_SOCKET, SO_CONNECT_TIME, (char *)&res, &size);
+    if (r == NO_ERROR && res == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
+        return; /* This apparently indicates we haven't yet gotten a connection */
+    }
+    const int no_error = NO_ERROR;
 #else
     int res = 0;
-    socklen_t size = sizeof res;
+    socklen_t size = sizeof(res);
     int r = getsockopt(stream->handle, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &res, &size);
+    const int no_error = 0;
 #endif
-    if (r == 0) {
+    if (r == no_error) {
         if (res == 0) {
             janet_schedule(fiber, janet_wrap_abstract(stream));
         } else {
@@ -162,8 +216,8 @@ void net_callback_connect(JanetFiber *fiber, JanetAsyncEvent event) {
     janet_async_end(fiber);
 }
 
-static JANET_NO_RETURN void net_sched_connect(JanetStream *stream) {
-    janet_async_start(stream, JANET_ASYNC_LISTEN_WRITE, net_callback_connect, NULL);
+static JANET_NO_RETURN void net_sched_connect(JanetStream *stream, void *state) {
+    janet_async_start(stream, JANET_ASYNC_LISTEN_WRITE, net_callback_connect, state);
 }
 
 /* State machine for accepting connections. */
@@ -171,7 +225,7 @@ static JANET_NO_RETURN void net_sched_connect(JanetStream *stream) {
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
 
 typedef struct {
-    WSAOVERLAPPED overlapped;
+    JanetOverlapped overlapped;
     JanetFunction *function;
     JanetStream *lstream;
     JanetStream *astream;
@@ -234,7 +288,7 @@ void net_callback_accept(JanetFiber *fiber, JanetAsyncEvent event) {
 JANET_NO_RETURN static void janet_sched_accept(JanetStream *stream, JanetFunction *fun) {
     Janet err;
     NetStateAccept *state = janet_malloc(sizeof(NetStateAccept));
-    memset(&state->overlapped, 0, sizeof(WSAOVERLAPPED));
+    memset(&state->overlapped, 0, sizeof(JanetOverlapped));
     memset(&state->buf, 0, 1024);
     state->function = fun;
     state->lstream = stream;
@@ -255,7 +309,7 @@ static int net_sched_accept_impl(NetStateAccept *state, JanetFiber *fiber, Janet
     JanetStream *astream = make_stream(asock, JANET_STREAM_READABLE | JANET_STREAM_WRITABLE);
     state->astream = astream;
     int socksize = sizeof(SOCKADDR_STORAGE) + 16;
-    if (FALSE == AcceptEx(lsock, asock, state->buf, 0, socksize, socksize, NULL, &state->overlapped)) {
+    if (FALSE == AcceptEx(lsock, asock, state->buf, 0, socksize, socksize, NULL, &state->overlapped.as.wsaoverlapped)) {
         int code = WSAGetLastError();
         if (code == WSA_IO_PENDING) {
             /* indicates io is happening async */
@@ -341,7 +395,7 @@ static int janet_get_sockettype(Janet *argv, int32_t argc, int32_t n) {
 /* Needs argc >= offset + 2 */
 /* For unix paths, just rertuns a single sockaddr and sets *is_unix to 1,
  * otherwise 0. Also, ignores is_bind when is a unix socket. */
-static struct addrinfo *janet_get_addrinfo(Janet *argv, int32_t offset, int socktype, int passive, int *is_unix) {
+static struct addrinfo *janet_get_addrinfo(Janet *argv, int32_t offset, int socktype, int passive, int *is_unix, socklen_t *sizeout) {
     /* Unix socket support - not yet supported on windows. */
 #ifndef JANET_WINDOWS
     if (janet_keyeq(argv[offset], "unix")) {
@@ -352,15 +406,14 @@ static struct addrinfo *janet_get_addrinfo(Janet *argv, int32_t offset, int sock
         }
         saddr->sun_family = AF_UNIX;
         size_t path_size = sizeof(saddr->sun_path);
+        snprintf(saddr->sun_path, path_size, "%s", path);
+        *sizeout = sizeof(struct sockaddr_un);
 #ifdef JANET_LINUX
         if (path[0] == '@') {
             saddr->sun_path[0] = '\0';
-            snprintf(saddr->sun_path + 1, path_size - 1, "%s", path + 1);
-        } else
-#endif
-        {
-            snprintf(saddr->sun_path, path_size, "%s", path);
+            *sizeout = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + janet_string_length(path);
         }
+#endif
         *is_unix = 1;
         return (struct addrinfo *) saddr;
     }
@@ -385,6 +438,11 @@ static struct addrinfo *janet_get_addrinfo(Janet *argv, int32_t offset, int sock
         janet_panicf("could not get address info: %s", gai_strerror(status));
     }
     *is_unix = 0;
+#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+    *sizeout = 0;
+#else
+    *sizeout = sizeof(struct sockaddr_un);
+#endif
     return ai;
 }
 
@@ -405,12 +463,13 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_sockaddr,
     int socktype = janet_get_sockettype(argv, argc, 2);
     int is_unix = 0;
     int make_arr = (argc >= 3 && janet_truthy(argv[3]));
-    struct addrinfo *ai = janet_get_addrinfo(argv, 0, socktype, 0, &is_unix);
+    socklen_t addrsize = 0;
+    struct addrinfo *ai = janet_get_addrinfo(argv, 0, socktype, 0, &is_unix, &addrsize);
 #ifndef JANET_WINDOWS
     /* no unix domain socket support on windows yet */
     if (is_unix) {
-        void *abst = janet_abstract(&janet_address_type, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
-        memcpy(abst, ai, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
+        void *abst = janet_abstract(&janet_address_type, addrsize);
+        memcpy(abst, ai, addrsize);
         Janet ret = janet_wrap_abstract(abst);
         return make_arr ? janet_wrap_array(janet_array_n(&ret, 1)) : ret;
     }
@@ -461,7 +520,8 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_connect,
     }
 
     /* Where we're connecting to */
-    struct addrinfo *ai = janet_get_addrinfo(argv, 0, socktype, 0, &is_unix);
+    socklen_t addrlen = 0;
+    struct addrinfo *ai = janet_get_addrinfo(argv, 0, socktype, 0, &is_unix, &addrlen);
 
     /* Check if we're binding address */
     struct addrinfo *binding = NULL;
@@ -486,7 +546,6 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_connect,
     /* Create socket */
     JSock sock = JSOCKDEFAULT;
     void *addr = NULL;
-    socklen_t addrlen = 0;
 #ifndef JANET_WINDOWS
     if (is_unix) {
         sock = socket(AF_UNIX, socktype | JSOCKFLAGS, 0);
@@ -496,7 +555,6 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_connect,
             janet_panicf("could not create socket: %V", v);
         }
         addr = (void *) ai;
-        addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_un);
     } else
 #endif
     {
@@ -543,18 +601,52 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_connect,
     }
 
     /* Wrap socket in abstract type JanetStream */
-    JanetStream *stream = make_stream(sock, JANET_STREAM_READABLE | JANET_STREAM_WRITABLE);
-
-    /* Set up the socket for non-blocking IO before connecting */
-    janet_net_socknoblock(sock);
+    uint32_t udp_flag = 0;
+    if (socktype == SOCK_DGRAM) udp_flag = JANET_STREAM_UDPSERVER;
+    JanetStream *stream = make_stream(sock, JANET_STREAM_READABLE | JANET_STREAM_WRITABLE | udp_flag);
 
     /* Connect to socket */
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
-    int status = WSAConnect(sock, addr, addrlen, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-    int err = WSAGetLastError();
-    freeaddrinfo(ai);
+    int status = 0;
+    int err = 0;
+    LPFN_CONNECTEX connect_ex = NULL;
+    if (socktype == SOCK_STREAM && ((connect_ex = lazy_get_connectex(sock)))) {
+        /* Prefer ConnecEx as it works well with overlapped IO. */
+        janet_net_socknoblock(sock);
+        NetStateConnect *state = janet_malloc(sizeof(NetStateConnect));
+        memset(state, 0, sizeof(NetStateConnect));
+        BOOL success = connect_ex(sock, addr, addrlen, NULL, 0, NULL, &state->overlapped.as.overlapped);
+        freeaddrinfo(ai);
+        if (success) {
+            /* Did not fail */
+        } else {
+            int err = WSAGetLastError();
+            if (err == ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
+                /* Did not actually fail yet */
+            } else {
+                janet_free(state);
+                Janet lasterr = janet_ev_lasterr();
+                janet_panicf("could not connect socket (ConnectEx): %V", lasterr);
+            }
+        }
+
+        net_sched_connect(stream, state);
+    } else {
+        /* Default to blocking connect if ConnectEx not available */
+        status = WSAConnect(sock, addr, addrlen, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+        err = WSAGetLastError();
+        freeaddrinfo(ai);
+        /* Set up the socket for non-blocking IO after connecting on windows by default */
+        janet_net_socknoblock(sock);
+    }
+
 #else
-    int status = connect(sock, addr, addrlen);
+    /* Set up the socket for non-blocking IO before connecting */
+    janet_net_socknoblock(sock);
+    int status;
+    do {
+        status = connect(sock, addr, addrlen);
+    } while (status == -1 && errno == EINTR);
     int err = errno;
     if (is_unix) {
         janet_free(ai);
@@ -563,10 +655,19 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_connect,
     }
 #endif
 
-    if (status) {
+    if (status == 0) {
+        /* Connect completed synchronously (common for unix domain sockets).
+         * Return the stream directly without scheduling an async wait,
+         * as edge-triggered kqueue may not signal EVFILT_WRITE if the socket
+         * is already connected when registered. */
+        return janet_wrap_abstract(stream);
+    }
+
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+    if (status == SOCKET_ERROR) {
         if (err != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
 #else
+    if (status == -1) {
         if (err != EINPROGRESS) {
 #endif
             JSOCKCLOSE(sock);
@@ -575,20 +676,84 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_connect,
         }
     }
 
-    net_sched_connect(stream);
+    net_sched_connect(stream, NULL);
 }
 
-static const char *serverify_socket(JSock sfd) {
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_socket,
+              "(net/socket &opt type address-family)",
+              "Creates a new unbound socket. Type is an optional keyword, "
+              "either a :stream (usually tcp), or :datagram (usually udp). The default is :stream. "
+              "`address-family` should be one of :ipv4 or :ipv6.") {
+    janet_arity(argc, 0, 2);
+
+    int socktype = janet_get_sockettype(argv, argc, 0);
+
+    /* Create socket */
+    JSock sfd = JSOCKDEFAULT;
+    struct addrinfo *ai = NULL;
+    struct addrinfo hints;
+    memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
+    hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
+    hints.ai_socktype = socktype;
+#ifdef AI_NUMERICSERV
+    hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICSERV; /* Explicitly prevent name resolution */
+#else
+    hints.ai_flags = 0;
+#endif
+    if (argc >= 2) {
+        hints.ai_family = net_get_address_family(argv[1]);
+    }
+    int status = getaddrinfo(NULL, "0", &hints, &ai);
+    if (status) {
+        janet_panicf("could not get address info: %s", gai_strerror(status));
+    }
+
+    struct addrinfo *rp = NULL;
+    for (rp = ai; rp != NULL; rp = rp->ai_next) {
+#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+        sfd = WSASocketW(rp->ai_family, rp->ai_socktype | JSOCKFLAGS, rp->ai_protocol, NULL, 0, WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED);
+#else
+        sfd = socket(rp->ai_family, rp->ai_socktype | JSOCKFLAGS, rp->ai_protocol);
+#endif
+        if (JSOCKVALID(sfd)) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    freeaddrinfo(ai);
+
+    if (!JSOCKVALID(sfd)) {
+        Janet v = janet_ev_lasterr();
+        janet_panicf("could not create socket: %V", v);
+    }
+
+    /* Wrap socket in abstract type JanetStream */
+    uint32_t udp_flag = 0;
+    if (socktype == SOCK_DGRAM) udp_flag = JANET_STREAM_UDPSERVER;
+    JanetStream *stream = make_stream(sfd, JANET_STREAM_READABLE | JANET_STREAM_WRITABLE | udp_flag);
+
+    /* Set up the socket for non-blocking IO */
+    janet_net_socknoblock(sfd);
+
+    return janet_wrap_abstract(stream);
+}
+
+static const char *serverify_socket(JSock sfd, int reuse_addr, int reuse_port) {
     /* Set various socket options */
     int enable = 1;
-    if (setsockopt(sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (char *) &enable, sizeof(int)) < 0) {
-        return "setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR) failed";
+    if (reuse_addr) {
+        if (setsockopt(sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (char *) &enable, sizeof(int)) < 0) {
+            return "setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR) failed";
+        }
     }
+    if (reuse_port) {
 #ifdef SO_REUSEPORT
-    if (setsockopt(sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, &enable, sizeof(int)) < 0) {
-        return "setsockopt(SO_REUSEPORT) failed";
-    }
+        if (setsockopt(sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, &enable, sizeof(int)) < 0) {
+            return "setsockopt(SO_REUSEPORT) failed";
+        }
+#else
+        (void) reuse_port;
 #endif
+    }
     janet_net_socknoblock(sfd);
     return NULL;
 }
@@ -642,19 +807,22 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_shutdown,
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_listen,
-              "(net/listen host port &opt type)",
+              "(net/listen host port &opt type no-reuse)",
               "Creates a server. Returns a new stream that is neither readable nor "
               "writeable. Use net/accept or net/accept-loop be to handle connections and start the server. "
               "The type parameter specifies the type of network connection, either "
               "a :stream (usually tcp), or :datagram (usually udp). If not specified, the default is "
-              ":stream. The host and port arguments are the same as in net/address.") {
+              ":stream. The host and port arguments are the same as in net/address. The last boolean parameter `no-reuse` will "
+              "disable the use of `SO_REUSEADDR` and `SO_REUSEPORT` when creating a server on some operating systems.") {
     janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_NET_LISTEN);
-    janet_arity(argc, 2, 3);
+    janet_arity(argc, 2, 4);
 
     /* Get host, port, and handler*/
     int socktype = janet_get_sockettype(argv, argc, 2);
     int is_unix = 0;
-    struct addrinfo *ai = janet_get_addrinfo(argv, 0, socktype, 1, &is_unix);
+    socklen_t addrlen = 0;
+    struct addrinfo *ai = janet_get_addrinfo(argv, 0, socktype, 1, &is_unix, &addrlen);
+    int reuse = !(argc >= 4 && janet_truthy(argv[3]));
 
     JSock sfd = JSOCKDEFAULT;
 #ifndef JANET_WINDOWS
@@ -664,8 +832,8 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_listen,
             janet_free(ai);
             janet_panicf("could not create socket: %V", janet_ev_lasterr());
         }
-        const char *err = serverify_socket(sfd);
-        if (NULL != err || bind(sfd, (struct sockaddr *)ai, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un))) {
+        const char *err = serverify_socket(sfd, reuse, 0);
+        if (NULL != err || bind(sfd, (struct sockaddr *)ai, addrlen)) {
             JSOCKCLOSE(sfd);
             janet_free(ai);
             if (err) {
@@ -687,7 +855,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_listen,
             sfd = socket(rp->ai_family, rp->ai_socktype | JSOCKFLAGS, rp->ai_protocol);
 #endif
             if (!JSOCKVALID(sfd)) continue;
-            const char *err = serverify_socket(sfd);
+            const char *err = serverify_socket(sfd, reuse, reuse);
             if (NULL != err) {
                 JSOCKCLOSE(sfd);
                 continue;
@@ -962,6 +1130,8 @@ static const struct sockopt_type sockopt_type_list[] = {
 #ifndef JANET_NO_IPV6
     { "ipv6-join-group", IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_JOIN_GROUP, JANET_POINTER },
     { "ipv6-leave-group", IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_LEAVE_GROUP, JANET_POINTER },
+    { "ipv6-multicast-hops", IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS, JANET_NUMBER },
+    { "ipv6-unicast-hops", IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS, JANET_NUMBER },
 #endif
     { NULL, 0, 0, JANET_POINTER }
 };
@@ -978,7 +1148,10 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_setsockopt,
               "- :ip-add-membership string\n"
               "- :ip-drop-membership string\n"
               "- :ipv6-join-group string\n"
-              "- :ipv6-leave-group string\n") {
+              "- :ipv6-leave-group string\n"
+              "- :ipv6-multicast-hops number\n"
+              "- :ipv6-unicast-hops number\n"
+             ) {
     janet_arity(argc, 3, 3);
     JanetStream *stream = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &janet_stream_type);
     janet_stream_flags(stream, JANET_STREAM_SOCKET);
@@ -997,6 +1170,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_setsockopt,
     }
 
     union {
+        unsigned char v_uchar;
         int v_int;
         struct ip_mreq v_mreq;
 #ifndef JANET_NO_IPV6
@@ -1011,8 +1185,19 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_net_setsockopt,
         val.v_int = janet_getboolean(argv, 2);
         optlen = sizeof(val.v_int);
     } else if (st->type == JANET_NUMBER) {
+#if defined(JANET_BSD) || defined(JANET_ILLUMOS)
+        int v_int = janet_getinteger(argv, 2);
+        if (st->optname == IP_MULTICAST_TTL) {
+            val.v_uchar = v_int;
+            optlen = sizeof(val.v_uchar);
+        } else {
+            val.v_int = v_int;
+            optlen = sizeof(val.v_int);
+        }
+#else
         val.v_int = janet_getinteger(argv, 2);
         optlen = sizeof(val.v_int);
+#endif
     } else if (st->optname == IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP || st->optname == IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP) {
         const char *addr = janet_getcstring(argv, 2);
         memset(&val.v_mreq, 0, sizeof val.v_mreq);
@@ -1067,6 +1252,7 @@ void janet_lib_net(JanetTable *env) {
     JanetRegExt net_cfuns[] = {
         JANET_CORE_REG("net/address", cfun_net_sockaddr),
         JANET_CORE_REG("net/listen", cfun_net_listen),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("net/socket", cfun_net_socket),
         JANET_CORE_REG("net/accept", cfun_stream_accept),
         JANET_CORE_REG("net/accept-loop", cfun_stream_accept_loop),
         JANET_CORE_REG("net/read", cfun_stream_read),
@@ -1090,6 +1276,8 @@ void janet_net_init(void) {
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
     WSADATA wsaData;
     janet_assert(!WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData), "could not start winsock");
+    janet_vm.connect_ex_loaded = 0;
+    janet_vm.connect_ex = NULL;
 #endif
 }
 

src/core/os.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose and contributors.
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose and contributors.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <locale.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
 
 #ifdef JANET_BSD
 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
@@ -55,8 +56,11 @@
 #include <sys/utime.h>
 #include <io.h>
 #include <process.h>
+#define JANET_SPAWN_CHDIR
 #else
+#ifndef JANET_PLAN9
 #include <spawn.h>
+#endif
 #include <utime.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
@@ -65,7 +69,9 @@
 #ifdef JANET_APPLE
 #include <crt_externs.h>
 #define environ (*_NSGetEnviron())
-#else
+#include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
+int chroot(const char *dirname);
+#elif !defined(JANET_PLAN9)
 extern char **environ;
 #endif
 #ifdef JANET_THREADS
@@ -73,6 +79,26 @@ extern char **environ;
 #endif
 #endif
 
+/* Detect availability of posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir_np. Since
+ * this doesn't seem to follow any standard, just a common extension, we
+ * must enumerate supported systems for availability. Define JANET_SPAWN_NO_CHDIR
+ * to disable this. */
+#ifndef JANET_SPAWN_NO_CHDIR
+#ifdef __GLIBC__
+#define JANET_SPAWN_CHDIR
+#elif defined(JANET_APPLE)
+/* The posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir_np function
+ * has only been implemented since macOS 10.15 */
+#if defined(MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_15) && (MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_15)
+#define JANET_SPAWN_CHDIR
+#else
+#define JANET_SPAWN_NO_CHDIR
+#endif
+#elif defined(__FreeBSD__) /* Not all BSDs work, for example openBSD doesn't seem to support this */
+#define JANET_SPAWN_CHDIR
+#endif
+#endif
+
 /* Not POSIX, but all Unixes but Solaris have this function. */
 #if defined(JANET_POSIX) && !defined(__sun)
 time_t timegm(struct tm *tm);
@@ -117,8 +143,8 @@ static void janet_unlock_environ(void) {
 #define janet_stringify(x) janet_stringify1(x)
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(os_which,
-              "(os/which)",
-              "Check the current operating system. Returns one of:\n\n"
+              "(os/which &opt test)",
+              "Check the current operating system. If `test` is nil or unset, Returns one of:\n\n"
               "* :windows\n\n"
               "* :mingw\n\n"
               "* :cygwin\n\n"
@@ -131,9 +157,12 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_which,
               "* :dragonfly\n\n"
               "* :bsd\n\n"
               "* :posix - A POSIX compatible system (default)\n\n"
-              "May also return a custom keyword specified at build time.") {
-    janet_fixarity(argc, 0);
-    (void) argv;
+              "May also return a custom keyword specified at build time. Is `test` is truthy, will check if the current operating system equals `test` and return true if they are the same, false otherwise.") {
+    janet_arity(argc, 0, 1);
+    if (argc == 1 && janet_truthy(argv[0])) {
+        janet_getkeyword(argv, 0); /* Constrain to keywords */
+        return janet_wrap_boolean(janet_equals(argv[0], os_which(0, NULL)));
+    }
 #if defined(JANET_OS_NAME)
     return janet_ckeywordv(janet_stringify(JANET_OS_NAME));
 #elif defined(JANET_MINGW)
@@ -158,6 +187,8 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_which,
     return janet_ckeywordv("dragonfly");
 #elif defined(JANET_BSD)
     return janet_ckeywordv("bsd");
+#elif defined(JANET_ILLUMOS)
+    return janet_ckeywordv("illumos");
 #else
     return janet_ckeywordv("posix");
 #endif
@@ -219,6 +250,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_compiler,
               "* :gcc\n\n"
               "* :clang\n\n"
               "* :msvc\n\n"
+              "* :kencc\n\n"
               "* :unknown\n\n") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 0);
     (void) argv;
@@ -228,6 +260,8 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_compiler,
     return janet_ckeywordv("clang");
 #elif defined(__GNUC__)
     return janet_ckeywordv("gcc");
+#elif defined(JANET_PLAN9)
+    return janet_ckeywordv("kencc");
 #else
     return janet_ckeywordv("unknown");
 #endif
@@ -266,39 +300,43 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_cpu_count,
               "Get an approximate number of CPUs available on for this process to use. If "
               "unable to get an approximation, will return a default value dflt.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 0, 1);
-    Janet dflt = argc > 0 ? argv[0] : janet_wrap_nil();
+    (void) argv; /* Prevent unused argument warning */
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
-    (void) dflt;
     SYSTEM_INFO info;
     GetSystemInfo(&info);
     return janet_wrap_integer(info.dwNumberOfProcessors);
 #elif defined(JANET_LINUX)
-    (void) dflt;
     cpu_set_t cs;
     CPU_ZERO(&cs);
     sched_getaffinity(0, sizeof(cs), &cs);
     int count = CPU_COUNT(&cs);
     return janet_wrap_integer(count);
 #elif defined(JANET_BSD) && defined(HW_NCPUONLINE)
-    (void) dflt;
     const int name[2] = {CTL_HW, HW_NCPUONLINE};
     int result = 0;
     size_t len = sizeof(int);
     if (-1 == sysctl(name, 2, &result, &len, NULL, 0)) {
-        return dflt;
+        return argc > 0 ? argv[0] : janet_wrap_nil();
     }
     return janet_wrap_integer(result);
 #elif defined(JANET_BSD) && defined(HW_NCPU)
-    (void) dflt;
     const int name[2] = {CTL_HW, HW_NCPU};
     int result = 0;
     size_t len = sizeof(int);
     if (-1 == sysctl(name, 2, &result, &len, NULL, 0)) {
-        return dflt;
+        return argc > 0 ? argv[0] : janet_wrap_nil();
     }
     return janet_wrap_integer(result);
+#elif defined(JANET_ILLUMOS)
+    long result = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF);
+    if (result < 0) {
+        return argc > 0 ? argv[0] : janet_wrap_nil();
+    }
+    return janet_wrap_integer(result);
+#elif defined(JANET_PLAN9)
+    return janet_wrap_integer(atoi(getenv("NPROC")));
 #else
-    return dflt;
+    return argc > 0 ? argv[0] : janet_wrap_nil();
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -328,6 +366,8 @@ static EnvBlock os_execute_env(int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
         janet_buffer_push_bytes(temp, vals, janet_string_length(vals));
         janet_buffer_push_u8(temp, '\0');
     }
+    /* Windows environment blocks must be double-NULL terminated */
+    if (temp->count == 0) janet_buffer_push_u8(temp, '\0');
     janet_buffer_push_u8(temp, '\0');
     char *ret = janet_smalloc(temp->count);
     memcpy(ret, temp->data, temp->count);
@@ -541,11 +581,12 @@ static void janet_proc_wait_cb(JanetEVGenericMessage args) {
         proc->flags &= ~JANET_PROC_WAITING;
         janet_gcunroot(janet_wrap_abstract(proc));
         janet_gcunroot(janet_wrap_fiber(args.fiber));
-        if ((status != 0) && (proc->flags & JANET_PROC_ERROR_NONZERO)) {
-            JanetString s = janet_formatc("command failed with non-zero exit code %d", status);
-            janet_cancel(args.fiber, janet_wrap_string(s));
-        } else {
-            if (janet_fiber_can_resume(args.fiber)) {
+        uint32_t sched_id = (uint32_t) args.argi;
+        if (janet_fiber_can_resume(args.fiber) && args.fiber->sched_id == sched_id) {
+            if ((status != 0) && (proc->flags & JANET_PROC_ERROR_NONZERO)) {
+                JanetString s = janet_formatc("command failed with non-zero exit code %d", status);
+                janet_cancel(args.fiber, janet_wrap_string(s));
+            } else {
                 janet_schedule(args.fiber, janet_wrap_integer(status));
             }
         }
@@ -603,6 +644,7 @@ os_proc_wait_impl(JanetProc *proc) {
     memset(&targs, 0, sizeof(targs));
     targs.argp = proc;
     targs.fiber = janet_root_fiber();
+    targs.argi = (uint32_t) targs.fiber->sched_id;
     janet_gcroot(janet_wrap_abstract(proc));
     janet_gcroot(janet_wrap_fiber(targs.fiber));
     janet_ev_threaded_call(janet_proc_wait_subr, targs, janet_proc_wait_cb);
@@ -629,16 +671,15 @@ os_proc_wait_impl(JanetProc *proc) {
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(os_proc_wait,
               "(os/proc-wait proc)",
-              "Suspend the current fiber until the subprocess completes. Returns the subprocess return code. "
-              "os/proc-wait cannot be called twice on the same process. If `ev/with-deadline` cancels `os/proc-wait` "
-              "with an error or os/proc-wait is cancelled with any error caused by anything else, os/proc-wait still "
-              "finishes in the background. Only after os/proc-wait finishes, a process is cleaned up by the operating "
-              "system. Thus, a process becomes a zombie process if os/proc-wait is not called.") {
+              "Suspend the current fiber until the subprocess `proc` completes. Once `proc` "
+              "completes, return the exit code of `proc`. If called more than once on the same "
+              "core/process value, will raise an error. When creating subprocesses using "
+              "`os/spawn`, this function should be called on the returned value to avoid zombie "
+              "processes.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     JanetProc *proc = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &ProcAT);
 #ifdef JANET_EV
     os_proc_wait_impl(proc);
-    return janet_wrap_nil();
 #else
     return os_proc_wait_impl(proc);
 #endif
@@ -743,12 +784,13 @@ static int get_signal_kw(const Janet *argv, int32_t n) {
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(os_proc_kill,
               "(os/proc-kill proc &opt wait signal)",
-              "Kill a subprocess by sending SIGKILL to it on posix systems, or by closing the process "
-              "handle on windows. If os/proc-wait already finished for proc, os/proc-kill raises an error. After "
-              "sending signal to proc, if `wait` is truthy, will wait for the process to finish and return the exit "
-              "code by calling os/proc-wait. Otherwise, returns `proc`. If signal is specified, send it instead. "
-              "Signal keywords are named after their C counterparts but in lowercase with the leading `SIG` stripped. "
-              "Signals are ignored on windows.") {
+              "Kill the subprocess `proc` by sending SIGKILL to it on POSIX systems, or by closing "
+              "the process handle on Windows. If `proc` has already completed, raise an error. If "
+              "`wait` is truthy, will wait for `proc` to complete and return the exit code (this "
+              "will raise an error if `proc` is being waited for). Otherwise, return `proc`. If "
+              "`signal` is provided, send it instead of SIGKILL. Signal keywords are named after "
+              "their C counterparts but in lowercase with the leading SIG stripped. `signal` is "
+              "ignored on Windows.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 1, 3);
     JanetProc *proc = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &ProcAT);
     if (proc->flags & JANET_PROC_WAITED) {
@@ -776,7 +818,6 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_proc_kill,
     if (argc > 1 && janet_truthy(argv[1])) {
 #ifdef JANET_EV
         os_proc_wait_impl(proc);
-        return janet_wrap_nil();
 #else
         return os_proc_wait_impl(proc);
 #endif
@@ -787,9 +828,9 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_proc_kill,
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(os_proc_close,
               "(os/proc-close proc)",
-              "Close pipes created by `os/spawn` if they have not been closed. Then, if os/proc-wait was not already "
-              "called on proc, os/proc-wait is called on it, and it returns the exit code returned by os/proc-wait. "
-              "Otherwise, returns nil.") {
+              "Close pipes created for subprocess `proc` by `os/spawn` if they have not been "
+              "closed. Then, if `proc` is not being waited for, wait. If this function waits, when "
+              "`proc` completes, return the exit code of `proc`. Otherwise, return nil.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     JanetProc *proc = janet_getabstract(argv, 0, &ProcAT);
 #ifdef JANET_EV
@@ -807,12 +848,24 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_proc_close,
     }
 #ifdef JANET_EV
     os_proc_wait_impl(proc);
-    return janet_wrap_nil();
 #else
     return os_proc_wait_impl(proc);
 #endif
 }
 
+JANET_CORE_FN(os_proc_getpid,
+              "(os/getpid)",
+              "Get the process ID of the current process.") {
+    janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_SUBPROCESS);
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 0);
+    (void) argv;
+#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+    return janet_wrap_number((double) _getpid());
+#else
+    return janet_wrap_number((double) getpid());
+#endif
+}
+
 static void swap_handles(JanetHandle *handles) {
     JanetHandle temp = handles[0];
     handles[0] = handles[1];
@@ -1137,6 +1190,7 @@ static Janet os_execute_impl(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, JanetExecuteMode mode) {
     JanetAbstract orig_in = NULL, orig_out = NULL, orig_err = NULL;
     JanetHandle new_in = JANET_HANDLE_NONE, new_out = JANET_HANDLE_NONE, new_err = JANET_HANDLE_NONE;
     JanetHandle pipe_in = JANET_HANDLE_NONE, pipe_out = JANET_HANDLE_NONE, pipe_err = JANET_HANDLE_NONE;
+    int stderr_is_stdout = 0;
     int pipe_errflag = 0; /* Track errors setting up pipes */
     int pipe_owner_flags = (is_spawn && (flags & 0x8)) ? JANET_PROC_ALLOW_ZOMBIE : 0;
 
@@ -1161,11 +1215,28 @@ static Janet os_execute_impl(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, JanetExecuteMode mode) {
         if (is_spawn && janet_keyeq(maybe_stderr, "pipe")) {
             new_err = make_pipes(&pipe_err, 0, &pipe_errflag);
             pipe_owner_flags |= JANET_PROC_OWNS_STDERR;
+        } else if (janet_keyeq(maybe_stderr, "out")) {
+            stderr_is_stdout = 1;
         } else if (!janet_checktype(maybe_stderr, JANET_NIL)) {
             new_err = janet_getjstream(&maybe_stderr, 0, &orig_err);
         }
     }
 
+    /* Optional working directory. Available for both os/execute and os/spawn. */
+    const char *chdir_path = NULL;
+    if (argc > 2) {
+        JanetDictView tab = janet_getdictionary(argv, 2);
+        Janet workdir = janet_dictionary_get(tab.kvs, tab.cap, janet_ckeywordv("cd"));
+        if (janet_checktype(workdir, JANET_STRING)) {
+            chdir_path = (const char *) janet_unwrap_string(workdir);
+#ifndef JANET_SPAWN_CHDIR
+            janet_panicf(":cd argument not supported on this system - %s", chdir_path);
+#endif
+        } else if (!janet_checktype(workdir, JANET_NIL)) {
+            janet_panicf("expected string for :cd argumnet, got %v", workdir);
+        }
+    }
+
     /* Clean up if any of the pipes have any issues */
     if (pipe_errflag) {
         if (pipe_in != JANET_HANDLE_NONE) close_handle(pipe_in);
@@ -1180,6 +1251,7 @@ static Janet os_execute_impl(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, JanetExecuteMode mode) {
     SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES saAttr;
     PROCESS_INFORMATION processInfo;
     STARTUPINFO startupInfo;
+    LPCSTR lpCurrentDirectory = NULL;
     memset(&saAttr, 0, sizeof(saAttr));
     memset(&processInfo, 0, sizeof(processInfo));
     memset(&startupInfo, 0, sizeof(startupInfo));
@@ -1196,6 +1268,10 @@ static Janet os_execute_impl(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, JanetExecuteMode mode) {
     }
     const char *path = (const char *) janet_unwrap_string(exargs.items[0]);
 
+    if (chdir_path != NULL) {
+        lpCurrentDirectory = chdir_path;
+    }
+
     /* Do IO redirection */
 
     if (pipe_in != JANET_HANDLE_NONE) {
@@ -1203,7 +1279,7 @@ static Janet os_execute_impl(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, JanetExecuteMode mode) {
     } else if (new_in != JANET_HANDLE_NONE) {
         startupInfo.hStdInput = new_in;
     } else {
-        startupInfo.hStdInput = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(0);
+        startupInfo.hStdInput = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(_fileno(stdin));
     }
 
     if (pipe_out != JANET_HANDLE_NONE) {
@@ -1211,18 +1287,21 @@ static Janet os_execute_impl(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, JanetExecuteMode mode) {
     } else if (new_out != JANET_HANDLE_NONE) {
         startupInfo.hStdOutput = new_out;
     } else {
-        startupInfo.hStdOutput = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(1);
+        startupInfo.hStdOutput = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(_fileno(stdout));
     }
 
     if (pipe_err != JANET_HANDLE_NONE) {
         startupInfo.hStdError = pipe_err;
     } else if (new_err != NULL) {
         startupInfo.hStdError = new_err;
+    } else if (stderr_is_stdout) {
+        startupInfo.hStdError = startupInfo.hStdOutput;
     } else {
-        startupInfo.hStdError = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(2);
+        startupInfo.hStdError = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(_fileno(stderr));
     }
 
     int cp_failed = 0;
+    DWORD cp_error_code = 0;
     if (!CreateProcess(janet_flag_at(flags, 1) ? NULL : path,
                        (char *) buf->data, /* Single CLI argument */
                        &saAttr, /* no proc inheritance */
@@ -1230,10 +1309,11 @@ static Janet os_execute_impl(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, JanetExecuteMode mode) {
                        TRUE, /* handle inheritance */
                        0, /* flags */
                        use_environ ? NULL : envp, /* pass in environment */
-                       NULL, /* use parents starting directory */
+                       lpCurrentDirectory,
                        &startupInfo,
                        &processInfo)) {
         cp_failed = 1;
+        cp_error_code = GetLastError();
     }
 
     if (pipe_in != JANET_HANDLE_NONE) CloseHandle(pipe_in);
@@ -1243,7 +1323,25 @@ static Janet os_execute_impl(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, JanetExecuteMode mode) {
     os_execute_cleanup(envp, NULL);
 
     if (cp_failed)  {
-        janet_panic("failed to create process");
+        char msgbuf[256];
+        msgbuf[0] = '\0';
+        FormatMessage(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
+                      NULL,
+                      cp_error_code,
+                      MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
+                      msgbuf,
+                      sizeof(msgbuf),
+                      NULL);
+        if (!*msgbuf) snprintf(msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf), "%" PRIu32, (uint32_t) cp_error_code);
+        char *c = msgbuf;
+        while (*c) {
+            if (*c == '\n' || *c == '\r') {
+                *c = '\0';
+                break;
+            }
+            c++;
+        }
+        janet_panicf("failed to create process: %s", janet_cstringv(msgbuf));
     }
 
     pHandle = processInfo.hProcess;
@@ -1268,10 +1366,10 @@ static Janet os_execute_impl(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, JanetExecuteMode mode) {
 
     /* exec mode */
     if (mode == JANET_EXECUTE_EXEC) {
-#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
-        janet_panic("not supported on windows");
-#else
         int status;
+#ifdef JANET_PLAN9
+        status = exec(cargv[0], cargv);
+#else
         if (!use_environ) {
             environ = envp;
         }
@@ -1282,15 +1380,25 @@ static Janet os_execute_impl(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, JanetExecuteMode mode) {
                 status = execv(cargv[0], cargv);
             }
         } while (status == -1 && errno == EINTR);
-        janet_panicf("%p: %s", cargv[0], janet_strerror(errno ? errno : ENOENT));
 #endif
+        janet_panicf("%p: %s", cargv[0], janet_strerror(errno ? errno : ENOENT));
     }
 
+#ifndef JANET_NO_SPAWN
     /* Use posix_spawn to spawn new process */
 
     /* Posix spawn setup */
     posix_spawn_file_actions_t actions;
     posix_spawn_file_actions_init(&actions);
+#ifdef JANET_SPAWN_CHDIR
+    if (chdir_path != NULL) {
+#ifdef JANET_SPAWN_CHDIR_NO_NP
+        posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir(&actions, chdir_path);
+#else
+        posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir_np(&actions, chdir_path);
+#endif
+    }
+#endif
     if (pipe_in != JANET_HANDLE_NONE) {
         posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2(&actions, pipe_in, 0);
         posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose(&actions, pipe_in);
@@ -1313,6 +1421,8 @@ static Janet os_execute_impl(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, JanetExecuteMode mode) {
     } else if (new_err != JANET_HANDLE_NONE && new_err != 2) {
         posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2(&actions, new_err, 2);
         posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose(&actions, new_err);
+    } else if (stderr_is_stdout) {
+        posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2(&actions, 1, 2);
     }
 
     pid_t pid;
@@ -1343,6 +1453,8 @@ static Janet os_execute_impl(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, JanetExecuteMode mode) {
     }
 
 #endif
+#endif
+#ifndef JANET_NO_SPAWN
     JanetProc *proc = janet_abstract(&ProcAT, sizeof(JanetProc));
     proc->return_code = -1;
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
@@ -1380,65 +1492,82 @@ static Janet os_execute_impl(int32_t argc, Janet *argv, JanetExecuteMode mode) {
         return os_proc_wait_impl(proc);
 #endif
     }
+#endif
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(os_execute,
               "(os/execute args &opt flags env)",
-              "Execute a program on the system and pass it string arguments. `flags` "
-              "is a keyword that modifies how the program will execute.\n"
-              "* :e - enables passing an environment to the program. Without :e, the "
+              "Execute a program on the system and return the exit code. `args` is an array/tuple "
+              "of strings. The first string is the name of the program and the remainder are "
+              "arguments passed to the program. `flags` is a keyword made from the following "
+              "characters that modifies how the program executes:\n"
+              "* :e - enables passing an environment to the program. Without 'e', the "
               "current environment is inherited.\n"
-              "* :p - allows searching the current PATH for the binary to execute. "
-              "Without this flag, binaries must use absolute paths.\n"
-              "* :x - raise error if exit code is non-zero.\n"
-              "* :d - Don't try and terminate the process on garbage collection (allow spawning zombies).\n"
-              "`env` is a table or struct mapping environment variables to values. It can also "
-              "contain the keys :in, :out, and :err, which allow redirecting stdio in the subprocess. "
-              ":in, :out, and :err should be core/file values or core/stream values. core/file values and core/stream "
-              "values passed to :in, :out, and :err should be closed manually because os/execute doesn't close them. "
-              "Returns the exit code of the program.") {
+              "* :p - allows searching the current PATH for the program to execute. "
+              "Without this flag, the first element of `args` must be an absolute path.\n"
+              "* :x - raises error if exit code is non-zero.\n"
+              "* :d - prevents the garbage collector terminating the program (if still running) "
+              "and calling the equivalent of `os/proc-wait` (allows zombie processes).\n"
+              "`env` is a table/struct mapping environment variables to values. It can also "
+              "contain the keys :in, :out, and :err, which allow redirecting stdio in the "
+              "subprocess. :in, :out, and :err should be core/file or core/stream values. "
+              "If core/stream values are used, the caller is responsible for ensuring pipes do not "
+              "cause the program to block and deadlock.") {
     return os_execute_impl(argc, argv, JANET_EXECUTE_EXECUTE);
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(os_spawn,
               "(os/spawn args &opt flags env)",
-              "Execute a program on the system and return a handle to the process. Otherwise, takes the "
-              "same arguments as `os/execute`. Does not wait for the process. For each of the :in, :out, and :err keys "
-              "of the `env` argument, one can also pass in the keyword `:pipe` to get streams for standard IO of the "
-              "subprocess that can be read from and written to. The returned value `proc` has the fields :in, :out, "
-              ":err, and the additional field :pid on unix-like platforms. `(os/proc-wait proc)` must be called to "
-              "rejoin the subprocess. After `(os/proc-wait proc)` finishes, proc gains a new field, :return-code. "
-              "If :x flag is passed to os/spawn, non-zero exit code will cause os/proc-wait to raise an error. "
-              "If pipe streams created with :pipe keyword are not closed in time, janet can run out of file "
-              "descriptors. They can be closed individually, or `os/proc-close` can close all pipe streams on proc. "
-              "If pipe streams aren't read before `os/proc-wait` finishes, then pipe buffers become full, and the "
-              "process cannot finish because the process cannot print more on pipe buffers which are already full. "
-              "If the process cannot finish, os/proc-wait cannot finish, either.") {
+              "Execute a program on the system and return a core/process value representing the "
+              "spawned subprocess. Takes the same arguments as `os/execute` but does not wait for "
+              "the subprocess to complete. Unlike `os/execute`, the value `:pipe` can be used for "
+              ":in, :out and :err keys in `env`. If used, the returned core/process will have a "
+              "writable stream in the :in field and readable streams in the :out and :err fields. "
+              "On non-Windows systems, the subprocess PID will be in the :pid field. The caller is "
+              "responsible for waiting on the process (e.g. by calling `os/proc-wait` on the "
+              "returned core/process value) to avoid creating zombie process. After the subprocess "
+              "completes, the exit value is in the :return-code field. If `flags` includes 'x', a "
+              "non-zero exit code will cause a waiting fiber to raise an error. The use of "
+              "`:pipe` may fail if there are too many active file descriptors. The caller is "
+              "responsible for closing pipes created by `:pipe` (either individually or using "
+              "`os/proc-close`). Similar to `os/execute`, the caller is responsible for ensuring "
+              "pipes do not cause the program to block and deadlock. As a special case, the stream passed to `:err` "
+              "can be the keyword `:out` to redirect stderr to stdout in the subprocess.") {
     return os_execute_impl(argc, argv, JANET_EXECUTE_SPAWN);
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(os_posix_exec,
               "(os/posix-exec args &opt flags env)",
               "Use the execvpe or execve system calls to replace the current process with an interface similar to os/execute. "
-              "However, instead of creating a subprocess, the current process is replaced. Is not supported on windows, and "
+              "However, instead of creating a subprocess, the current process is replaced. Is not supported on Windows, and "
               "does not allow redirection of stdio.") {
+#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+    (void) argc;
+    (void) argv;
+    janet_panic("not supported on Windows");
+#else
     return os_execute_impl(argc, argv, JANET_EXECUTE_EXEC);
+#endif
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(os_posix_fork,
               "(os/posix-fork)",
               "Make a `fork` system call and create a new process. Return nil if in the new process, otherwise a core/process object (as returned by os/spawn). "
-              "Not supported on all systems (POSIX only).") {
+              "Not supported on all systems (POSIX and Plan 9 only).") {
     janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_SUBPROCESS);
     janet_fixarity(argc, 0);
     (void) argv;
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
-    janet_panic("not supported");
+    janet_panic("not supported on Windows");
 #else
     pid_t result;
+#ifdef JANET_PLAN9
+    result = fork();
+#else
     do {
         result = fork();
     } while (result == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+#endif
     if (result == -1) {
         janet_panic(janet_strerror(errno));
     }
@@ -1453,6 +1582,28 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_posix_fork,
 #endif
 }
 
+JANET_CORE_FN(os_posix_chroot,
+              "(os/posix-chroot dirname)",
+              "Call `chroot` to change the root directory to `dirname`. "
+              "Not supported on all systems (POSIX only).") {
+    janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_CHROOT);
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
+#if defined(JANET_WINDOWS) || defined(JANET_PLAN9)
+    (void) argv;
+    janet_panic("not supported on Windows or Plan 9");
+#else
+    const char *root = janet_getcstring(argv, 0);
+    int result;
+    do {
+        result = chroot(root);
+    } while (result == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+    if (result == -1) {
+        janet_panic(janet_strerror(errno));
+    }
+    return janet_wrap_nil();
+#endif
+}
+
 #ifdef JANET_EV
 /* Runs in a separate thread */
 static JanetEVGenericMessage os_shell_subr(JanetEVGenericMessage args) {
@@ -1488,6 +1639,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_shell,
 
 #endif /* JANET_NO_PROCESSES */
 
+#ifndef JANET_PLAN9
 JANET_CORE_FN(os_environ,
               "(os/environ)",
               "Get a copy of the OS environment table.") {
@@ -1519,6 +1671,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_environ,
     janet_unlock_environ();
     return janet_wrap_table(t);
 }
+#endif
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(os_getenv,
               "(os/getenv variable &opt dflt)",
@@ -1543,6 +1696,9 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_setenv,
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
 #define SETENV(K,V) _putenv_s(K, V)
 #define UNSETENV(K) _putenv_s(K, "")
+#elif defined(JANET_PLAN9)
+#define SETENV(K,V) putenv(K, V)
+#define UNSETENV(K) unsetenv(K)
 #else
 #define SETENV(K,V) setenv(K, V, 1)
 #define UNSETENV(K) unsetenv(K)
@@ -1715,6 +1871,8 @@ static struct tm *time_to_tm(const Janet *argv, int32_t argc, int32_t n, struct
         _tzset();
         localtime_s(t_infos, &t);
         t_info = t_infos;
+#elif defined(JANET_PLAN9)
+        t_info = localtime(&t);
 #else
         tzset();
         t_info = localtime_r(&t, t_infos);
@@ -1724,6 +1882,8 @@ static struct tm *time_to_tm(const Janet *argv, int32_t argc, int32_t n, struct
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
         gmtime_s(t_infos, &t);
         t_info = t_infos;
+#elif defined(JANET_PLAN9)
+        t_info = gmtime(&t);
 #else
         t_info = gmtime_r(&t, t_infos);
 #endif
@@ -1734,9 +1894,8 @@ static struct tm *time_to_tm(const Janet *argv, int32_t argc, int32_t n, struct
 JANET_CORE_FN(os_date,
               "(os/date &opt time local)",
               "Returns the given time as a date struct, or the current time if `time` is not given. "
-              "Returns a struct with following key values. Note that all numbers are 0-indexed. "
               "Date is given in UTC unless `local` is truthy, in which case the date is formatted for "
-              "the local timezone.\n\n"
+              "the local timezone. Returns a struct with following key values. Note that all numbers are 0-indexed.\n\n"
               "* :seconds - number of seconds [0-61]\n\n"
               "* :minutes - number of minutes [0-59]\n\n"
               "* :hours - number of hours [0-23]\n\n"
@@ -1745,7 +1904,9 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_date,
               "* :year - years since year 0 (e.g. 2019)\n\n"
               "* :week-day - day of the week [0-6]\n\n"
               "* :year-day - day of the year [0-365]\n\n"
-              "* :dst - if Day Light Savings is in effect") {
+              "* :dst - if Day Light Savings is in effect\n\n"
+              "You can set local timezone by setting TZ environment variable. "
+              "See tzset(<time.h>) or _tzset(<time.h>) for further details.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 0, 2);
     (void) argv;
     struct tm t_infos;
@@ -1763,14 +1924,15 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_date,
     return janet_wrap_struct(janet_struct_end(st));
 }
 
-#define SIZETIMEFMT     250
+#define SIZETIMEFMT 250
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(os_strftime,
               "(os/strftime fmt &opt time local)",
               "Format the given time as a string, or the current time if `time` is not given. "
               "The time is formatted according to the same rules as the ISO C89 function strftime(). "
               "The time is formatted in UTC unless `local` is truthy, in which case the date is formatted for "
-              "the local timezone.") {
+              "the local timezone. You can set local timezone by setting TZ environment variable. "
+              "See tzset(<time.h>) or _tzset(<time.h>) for further details.") {
     janet_arity(argc, 1, 3);
     const char *fmt = janet_getcstring(argv, 0);
     /* ANSI X3.159-1989, section 4.12.3.5 "The strftime function" */
@@ -1778,6 +1940,9 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_strftime,
     const char *p = fmt;
     while (*p) {
         if (*p++ == '%') {
+            if (!*p) {
+                janet_panic("invalid conversion specifier");
+            }
             if (!strchr(valid, *p)) {
                 janet_panicf("invalid conversion specifier '%%%c'", *p);
             }
@@ -1787,7 +1952,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_strftime,
     struct tm t_infos;
     struct tm *t_info = time_to_tm(argv, argc, 1, &t_infos);
     char buf[SIZETIMEFMT];
-    (void)strftime(buf, SIZETIMEFMT, fmt, t_info);
+    (void)strftime(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, t_info);
     return janet_cstringv(buf);
 }
 
@@ -1795,7 +1960,7 @@ static int entry_getdst(Janet env_entry) {
     Janet v;
     if (janet_checktype(env_entry, JANET_TABLE)) {
         JanetTable *entry = janet_unwrap_table(env_entry);
-        v = janet_table_get(entry, janet_ckeywordv("dst"));
+        v = janet_table_get_keyword(entry, "dst");
     } else if (janet_checktype(env_entry, JANET_STRUCT)) {
         const JanetKV *entry = janet_unwrap_struct(env_entry);
         v = janet_struct_get(entry, janet_ckeywordv("dst"));
@@ -1819,7 +1984,7 @@ static timeint_t entry_getint(Janet env_entry, char *field) {
     Janet i;
     if (janet_checktype(env_entry, JANET_TABLE)) {
         JanetTable *entry = janet_unwrap_table(env_entry);
-        i = janet_table_get(entry, janet_ckeywordv(field));
+        i = janet_table_get_keyword(entry, field);
     } else if (janet_checktype(env_entry, JANET_STRUCT)) {
         const JanetKV *entry = janet_unwrap_struct(env_entry);
         i = janet_struct_get(entry, janet_ckeywordv(field));
@@ -1880,7 +2045,6 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_mktime,
         /* utc time */
 #ifdef JANET_NO_UTC_MKTIME
         janet_panic("os/mktime UTC not supported on this platform");
-        return janet_wrap_nil();
 #else
         t = timegm(&t_info);
 #endif
@@ -1899,6 +2063,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_mktime,
 #define j_symlink symlink
 #endif
 
+#ifndef JANET_NO_LOCALES
 JANET_CORE_FN(os_setlocale,
               "(os/setlocale &opt locale category)",
               "Set the system locale, which affects how dates and numbers are formatted. "
@@ -1935,20 +2100,20 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_setlocale,
     if (old == NULL) return janet_wrap_nil();
     return janet_cstringv(old);
 }
+#endif
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(os_link,
               "(os/link oldpath newpath &opt symlink)",
               "Create a link at newpath that points to oldpath and returns nil. "
               "Iff symlink is truthy, creates a symlink. "
               "Iff symlink is falsey or not provided, "
-              "creates a hard link. Does not work on Windows.") {
+              "creates a hard link. Does not work on Windows or Plan 9.") {
     janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_FS_WRITE);
     janet_arity(argc, 2, 3);
-#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+#if defined(JANET_WINDOWS) || defined(JANET_PLAN9)
     (void) argc;
     (void) argv;
-    janet_panic("os/link not supported on Windows");
-    return janet_wrap_nil();
+    janet_panic("not supported on Windows or Plan 9");
 #else
     const char *oldpath = janet_getcstring(argv, 0);
     const char *newpath = janet_getcstring(argv, 1);
@@ -1963,11 +2128,10 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_symlink,
               "Create a symlink from oldpath to newpath, returning nil. Same as `(os/link oldpath newpath true)`.") {
     janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_FS_WRITE);
     janet_fixarity(argc, 2);
-#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+#if defined(JANET_WINDOWS) || defined(JANET_PLAN9)
     (void) argc;
     (void) argv;
-    janet_panic("os/symlink not supported on Windows");
-    return janet_wrap_nil();
+    janet_panic("not supported on Windows or Plan 9");
 #else
     const char *oldpath = janet_getcstring(argv, 0);
     const char *newpath = janet_getcstring(argv, 1);
@@ -2005,6 +2169,8 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_rmdir,
     const char *path = janet_getcstring(argv, 0);
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
     int res = _rmdir(path);
+#elif defined(JANET_PLAN9)
+    int res = remove(path);
 #else
     int res = rmdir(path);
 #endif
@@ -2069,8 +2235,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_readlink,
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
     (void) argc;
     (void) argv;
-    janet_panic("os/readlink not supported on Windows");
-    return janet_wrap_nil();
+    janet_panic("not supported on Windows");
 #else
     static char buffer[PATH_MAX];
     const char *path = janet_getcstring(argv, 0);
@@ -2132,11 +2297,13 @@ static const uint8_t *janet_decode_mode(mode_t m) {
     const char *str = "other";
     if (S_ISREG(m)) str = "file";
     else if (S_ISDIR(m)) str = "directory";
+#ifndef JANET_PLAN9
     else if (S_ISFIFO(m)) str = "fifo";
     else if (S_ISBLK(m)) str = "block";
     else if (S_ISSOCK(m)) str = "socket";
     else if (S_ISLNK(m)) str = "link";
     else if (S_ISCHR(m)) str = "character";
+#endif
     return janet_ckeyword(str);
 }
 
@@ -2301,6 +2468,9 @@ static Janet os_stat_or_lstat(int do_lstat, int32_t argc, Janet *argv) {
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
     (void) do_lstat;
     int res = _stat(path, &st);
+#elif defined(JANET_PLAN9)
+    (void)do_lstat;
+    int res = stat(path, &st);
 #else
     int res;
     if (do_lstat) {
@@ -2326,7 +2496,6 @@ static Janet os_stat_or_lstat(int do_lstat, int32_t argc, Janet *argv) {
             return sg->fn(&st);
         }
         janet_panicf("unexpected keyword %v", janet_wrap_keyword(key));
-        return janet_wrap_nil();
     }
 }
 
@@ -2362,9 +2531,13 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_chmod,
               "Change file permissions, where `mode` is a permission string as returned by "
               "`os/perm-string`, or an integer as returned by `os/perm-int`. "
               "When `mode` is an integer, it is interpreted as a Unix permission value, best specified in octal, like "
-              "8r666 or 8r400. Windows will not differentiate between user, group, and other permissions, and thus will combine all of these permissions. Returns nil.") {
+              "8r666 or 8r400. Windows will not differentiate between user, group, and other permissions, and thus will combine all of these permissions. Returns nil."
+              "Unsupported on plan9.") {
     janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_FS_WRITE);
     janet_fixarity(argc, 2);
+#ifdef JANET_PLAN9
+    janet_panic("not supported on Plan 9");
+#else
     const char *path = janet_getcstring(argv, 0);
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
     int res = _chmod(path, os_getmode(argv, 1));
@@ -2373,6 +2546,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_chmod,
 #endif
     if (-1 == res) janet_panicf("%s: %s", janet_strerror(errno), path);
     return janet_wrap_nil();
+#endif
 }
 
 #ifndef JANET_NO_UMASK
@@ -2405,7 +2579,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_dir,
     char pattern[MAX_PATH + 1];
     if (strlen(dir) > (sizeof(pattern) - 3))
         janet_panicf("path too long: %s", dir);
-    sprintf(pattern, "%s/*", dir);
+    snprintf(pattern, sizeof(pattern), "%s/*", dir);
     intptr_t res = _findfirst(pattern, &afile);
     if (-1 == res) janet_panicv(janet_cstringv(janet_strerror(errno)));
     do {
@@ -2471,7 +2645,15 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_realpath,
 #endif
     if (NULL == dest) janet_panicf("%s: %s", janet_strerror(errno), src);
     Janet ret = janet_cstringv(dest);
+#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+    DWORD attrib = GetFileAttributes(dest);
+    free(dest); /* if janet_malloc is redefined, still use free to correspond with _fullpath */
+    if (attrib == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) {
+        janet_panicf("path does not exist: %v", ret);
+    }
+#else
     janet_free(dest);
+#endif
     return ret;
 #endif
 }
@@ -2515,10 +2697,11 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_open,
               "  * :c - create a new file (O\\_CREATE)\n"
               "  * :e - fail if the file exists (O\\_EXCL)\n"
               "  * :t - shorten an existing file to length 0 (O\\_TRUNC)\n\n"
+              "  * :a - append to a file (O\\_APPEND on posix, FILE_APPEND_DATA on windows)\n"
               "Posix-only flags:\n\n"
-              "  * :a - append to a file (O\\_APPEND)\n"
               "  * :x - O\\_SYNC\n"
               "  * :C - O\\_NOCTTY\n\n"
+              "  * :N - Turn off O\\_NONBLOCK and disable ev reading/writing\n\n"
               "Windows-only flags:\n\n"
               "  * :R - share reads (FILE\\_SHARE\\_READ)\n"
               "  * :W - share writes (FILE\\_SHARE\\_WRITE)\n"
@@ -2528,19 +2711,24 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_open,
               "  * :F - FILE\\_ATTRIBUTE\\_OFFLINE\n"
               "  * :T - FILE\\_ATTRIBUTE\\_TEMPORARY\n"
               "  * :d - FILE\\_FLAG\\_DELETE\\_ON\\_CLOSE\n"
+              "  * :V - Turn off FILE\\_FLAG\\_OVERLAPPED and disable ev reading/writing\n"
+              "  * :I - set bInheritHandle on the created file so it can be passed to other processes.\n"
               "  * :b - FILE\\_FLAG\\_NO\\_BUFFERING\n") {
     janet_arity(argc, 1, 3);
     const char *path = janet_getcstring(argv, 0);
     const uint8_t *opt_flags = janet_optkeyword(argv, argc, 1, (const uint8_t *) "r");
     jmode_t mode = os_optmode(argc, argv, 2, 0666);
     uint32_t stream_flags = 0;
+    int disable_stream_mode = 0;
     JanetHandle fd;
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
     (void) mode;
+    int inherited_handle = 0;
     DWORD desiredAccess = 0;
     DWORD shareMode = 0;
     DWORD creationDisp = 0;
-    DWORD flagsAndAttributes = FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED;
+    DWORD fileFlags = FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED;
+    DWORD fileAttributes = 0;
     /* We map unix-like open flags to the creationDisp parameter */
     int creatUnix = 0;
 #define OCREAT 1
@@ -2560,6 +2748,11 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_open,
                 stream_flags |= JANET_STREAM_WRITABLE;
                 janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_FS_WRITE);
                 break;
+            case 'a':
+                desiredAccess |= FILE_APPEND_DATA;
+                stream_flags |= JANET_STREAM_WRITABLE;
+                janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_FS_WRITE);
+                break;
             case 'c':
                 creatUnix |= OCREAT;
                 janet_sandbox_assert(JANET_SANDBOX_FS_WRITE);
@@ -2582,22 +2775,29 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_open,
                 shareMode |= FILE_SHARE_WRITE;
                 break;
             case 'H':
-                flagsAndAttributes |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
+                fileAttributes |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
                 break;
             case 'O':
-                flagsAndAttributes |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
+                fileAttributes |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
                 break;
             case 'F':
-                flagsAndAttributes |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE;
+                fileAttributes |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE;
                 break;
             case 'T':
-                flagsAndAttributes |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY;
+                fileAttributes |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY;
                 break;
             case 'd':
-                flagsAndAttributes |= FILE_FLAG_DELETE_ON_CLOSE;
+                fileFlags |= FILE_FLAG_DELETE_ON_CLOSE;
                 break;
             case 'b':
-                flagsAndAttributes |= FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING;
+                fileFlags |= FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING;
+                break;
+            case 'I':
+                inherited_handle = 1;
+                break;
+            case 'V':
+                fileFlags &= ~FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED;
+                disable_stream_mode = 1;
                 break;
                 /* we could potentially add more here -
                  * https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/fileapi/nf-fileapi-createfilea
@@ -2623,7 +2823,16 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_open,
             creationDisp = TRUNCATE_EXISTING;
             break;
     }
-    fd = CreateFileA(path, desiredAccess, shareMode, NULL, creationDisp, flagsAndAttributes, NULL);
+    if (fileAttributes == 0) {
+        fileAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
+    }
+    SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES saAttr;
+    memset(&saAttr, 0, sizeof(saAttr));
+    saAttr.nLength = sizeof(saAttr);
+    if (inherited_handle) {
+        saAttr.bInheritHandle = TRUE; /* Needed to do interesting things with file */
+    }
+    fd = CreateFileA(path, desiredAccess, shareMode, &saAttr, creationDisp, fileFlags | fileAttributes, NULL);
     if (fd == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) janet_panicv(janet_ev_lasterr());
 #else
     int open_flags = O_NONBLOCK;
@@ -2667,6 +2876,10 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_open,
             case 'a':
                 open_flags |= O_APPEND;
                 break;
+            case 'N':
+                open_flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
+                disable_stream_mode = 1;
+                break;
         }
     }
     /* If both read and write, fix up to O_RDWR */
@@ -2683,7 +2896,7 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(os_open,
     } while (fd == -1 && errno == EINTR);
     if (fd == -1) janet_panicv(janet_ev_lasterr());
 #endif
-    return janet_wrap_abstract(janet_stream(fd, stream_flags, NULL));
+    return janet_wrap_abstract(janet_stream(fd, disable_stream_mode ? 0 : stream_flags, NULL));
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(os_pipe,
@@ -2751,10 +2964,14 @@ void janet_lib_os(JanetTable *env) {
         JANET_CORE_REG("os/strftime", os_strftime),
         JANET_CORE_REG("os/sleep", os_sleep),
         JANET_CORE_REG("os/isatty", os_isatty),
+#ifndef JANET_NO_LOCALES
         JANET_CORE_REG("os/setlocale", os_setlocale),
+#endif
 
         /* env functions */
+#ifndef JANET_PLAN9
         JANET_CORE_REG("os/environ", os_environ),
+#endif
         JANET_CORE_REG("os/getenv", os_getenv),
         JANET_CORE_REG("os/setenv", os_setenv),
 
@@ -2790,11 +3007,16 @@ void janet_lib_os(JanetTable *env) {
         JANET_CORE_REG("os/shell", os_shell),
         JANET_CORE_REG("os/posix-fork", os_posix_fork),
         JANET_CORE_REG("os/posix-exec", os_posix_exec),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("os/posix-chroot", os_posix_chroot),
         /* no need to sandbox process management if you can't create processes
          * (allows for limited functionality if use exposes C-functions to create specific processes) */
         JANET_CORE_REG("os/proc-wait", os_proc_wait),
         JANET_CORE_REG("os/proc-kill", os_proc_kill),
         JANET_CORE_REG("os/proc-close", os_proc_close),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("os/getpid", os_proc_getpid),
+#ifdef JANET_EV
+        JANET_CORE_REG("os/sigaction", os_sigaction),
+#endif
 #endif
 
         /* high resolution timers */
@@ -2803,7 +3025,6 @@ void janet_lib_os(JanetTable *env) {
 #ifdef JANET_EV
         JANET_CORE_REG("os/open", os_open), /* fs read and write */
         JANET_CORE_REG("os/pipe", os_pipe),
-        JANET_CORE_REG("os/sigaction", os_sigaction),
 #endif
 #endif
         JANET_REG_END

src/core/parse.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -105,15 +105,6 @@ static int to_hex(uint8_t c) {
     }
 }
 
-typedef int (*Consumer)(JanetParser *p, JanetParseState *state, uint8_t c);
-struct JanetParseState {
-    int32_t counter;
-    int32_t argn;
-    int flags;
-    size_t line;
-    size_t column;
-    Consumer consumer;
-};
 
 /* Define a stack on the main parser struct */
 #define DEF_PARSER_STACK(NAME, T, STACK, STACKCOUNT, STACKCAP) \
@@ -363,8 +354,7 @@ static int stringend(JanetParser *p, JanetParseState *state) {
         JanetParseState top = p->states[p->statecount - 1];
         int32_t indent_col = (int32_t) top.column - 1;
         uint8_t *r = bufstart, *end = r + buflen;
-        /* Check if there are any characters before the start column -
-         * if so, do not reindent. */
+        /* Unless there are only spaces before EOLs, disable reindenting */
         int reindent = 1;
         while (reindent && (r < end)) {
             if (*r++ == '\n') {
@@ -374,34 +364,36 @@ static int stringend(JanetParser *p, JanetParseState *state) {
                         break;
                     }
                 }
+                if ((r + 1) < end && *r == '\r' && *(r + 1) == '\n') reindent = 1;
             }
         }
-        /* Now reindent if able to, otherwise just drop leading newline. */
-        if (!reindent) {
-            if (buflen > 0 && bufstart[0] == '\n') {
-                buflen--;
-                bufstart++;
-            }
-        } else {
+        /* Now reindent if able */
+        if (reindent) {
             uint8_t *w = bufstart;
             r = bufstart;
             while (r < end) {
                 if (*r == '\n') {
-                    if (r == bufstart) {
-                        /* Skip leading newline */
-                        r++;
-                    } else {
-                        *w++ = *r++;
-                    }
+                    *w++ = *r++;
                     for (int32_t j = 0; (r < end) && (*r != '\n') && (j < indent_col); j++, r++);
+                    if ((r + 1) < end && *r == '\r' && *(r + 1) == '\n') *w++ = *r++;
                 } else {
                     *w++ = *r++;
                 }
             }
             buflen = (int32_t)(w - bufstart);
         }
-        /* Check for trailing newline character so we can remove it */
-        if (buflen > 0 && bufstart[buflen - 1] == '\n') {
+        /* Check for leading EOL so we can remove it */
+        if (buflen > 1 && bufstart[0] == '\r' && bufstart[1] == '\n') { /* Windows EOL */
+            buflen = buflen - 2;
+            bufstart = bufstart + 2;
+        } else if (buflen > 0 && bufstart[0] == '\n') { /* Unix EOL */
+            buflen--;
+            bufstart++;
+        }
+        /* Check for trailing EOL so we can remove it */
+        if (buflen > 1 && bufstart[buflen - 2] == '\r' && bufstart[buflen - 1] == '\n') { /* Windows EOL */
+            buflen = buflen - 2;
+        } else if (buflen > 0 && bufstart[buflen - 1] == '\n') { /* Unix EOL */
             buflen--;
         }
     }

src/core/peg.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -194,6 +194,41 @@ tail:
             return memcmp(text, rule + 2, len) ? NULL : text + len;
         }
 
+        case RULE_DEBUG: {
+            char buffer[32] = {0};
+            size_t len = (size_t)(s->outer_text_end - text);
+            memcpy(buffer, text, (len > 31 ? 31 : len));
+            janet_eprintf("?? at [%s] (index %d)\n", buffer, (int32_t)(text - s->text_start));
+            int has_color = janet_truthy(janet_dyn("err-color"));
+            /* Accumulate buffer */
+            if (s->scratch->count) {
+                janet_eprintf("accumulate buffer: %v\n", janet_wrap_buffer(s->scratch));
+            }
+            /* Normal captures */
+            if (s->captures->count) {
+                janet_eprintf("stack [%d]:\n", s->captures->count);
+                for (int32_t i = 0; i < s->captures->count; i++) {
+                    if (has_color) {
+                        janet_eprintf("  [%d]: %M\n", i, s->captures->data[i]);
+                    } else {
+                        janet_eprintf("  [%d]: %m\n", i, s->captures->data[i]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            /* Tagged captures */
+            if (s->tagged_captures->count) {
+                janet_eprintf("tag stack [%d]:\n", s->tagged_captures->count);
+                for (int32_t i = 0; i < s->tagged_captures->count; i++) {
+                    if (has_color) {
+                        janet_eprintf("  [%d] tag=%d: %M\n", i, (int32_t) s->tags->data[i], s->tagged_captures->data[i]);
+                    } else {
+                        janet_eprintf("  [%d] tag=%d: %m\n", i, (int32_t) s->tags->data[i], s->tagged_captures->data[i]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return text;
+        }
+
         case RULE_NCHAR: {
             uint32_t n = rule[1];
             return (text + n > s->text_end) ? NULL : text + n;
@@ -342,7 +377,7 @@ tail:
             while (captured < hi) {
                 CapState cs2 = cap_save(s);
                 next_text = peg_rule(s, rule_a, text);
-                if (!next_text || next_text == text) {
+                if (!next_text || ((next_text == text) && (hi == UINT32_MAX))) {
                     cap_load(s, cs2);
                     break;
                 }
@@ -544,45 +579,85 @@ tail:
             return window_end;
         }
 
+        case RULE_TIL: {
+            const uint32_t *rule_terminus = s->bytecode + rule[1];
+            const uint32_t *rule_subpattern = s->bytecode + rule[2];
+
+            const uint8_t *terminus_start = text;
+            const uint8_t *terminus_end = NULL;
+            down1(s);
+            while (terminus_start <= s->text_end) {
+                CapState cs2 = cap_save(s);
+                terminus_end = peg_rule(s, rule_terminus, terminus_start);
+                cap_load(s, cs2);
+                if (terminus_end) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                terminus_start++;
+            }
+            up1(s);
+
+            if (!terminus_end) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+
+            const uint8_t *saved_end = s->text_end;
+            s->text_end = terminus_start;
+            down1(s);
+            const uint8_t *matched = peg_rule(s, rule_subpattern, text);
+            up1(s);
+            s->text_end = saved_end;
+
+            if (!matched) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+
+            return terminus_end;
+        }
+
         case RULE_SPLIT: {
             const uint8_t *saved_end = s->text_end;
             const uint32_t *rule_separator = s->bytecode + rule[1];
             const uint32_t *rule_subpattern = s->bytecode + rule[2];
 
-            const uint8_t *separator_end = NULL;
-            do {
-                const uint8_t *text_start = text;
+            const uint8_t *chunk_start = text;
+            const uint8_t *chunk_end = NULL;
+
+            while (text <= saved_end) {
+                /* Find next split (or end of text) */
                 CapState cs = cap_save(s);
                 down1(s);
-                while (text <= s->text_end) {
-                    separator_end = peg_rule(s, rule_separator, text);
+                while (text <= saved_end) {
+                    chunk_end = text;
+                    const uint8_t *check = peg_rule(s, rule_separator, text);
                     cap_load(s, cs);
-                    if (separator_end) {
+                    if (check) {
+                        text = check;
                         break;
                     }
                     text++;
                 }
                 up1(s);
 
-                if (separator_end) {
-                    s->text_end = text;
-                    text = separator_end;
-                }
-
+                /* Match between splits */
+                s->text_end = chunk_end;
                 down1(s);
-                const uint8_t *subpattern_end = peg_rule(s, rule_subpattern, text_start);
+                const uint8_t *subpattern_end = peg_rule(s, rule_subpattern, chunk_start);
                 up1(s);
                 s->text_end = saved_end;
+                if (!subpattern_end) return NULL; /* Don't match anything */
 
-                if (!subpattern_end) {
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-            } while (separator_end);
+                /* Ensure forward progress */
+                if (text == chunk_start) return NULL;
+                chunk_start = text;
+            }
 
+            s->text_end = saved_end;
             return s->text_end;
         }
 
         case RULE_REPLACE:
+        case RULE_MATCHSPLICE:
         case RULE_MATCHTIME: {
             uint32_t tag = rule[3];
             int oldmode = s->mode;
@@ -623,8 +698,17 @@ tail:
                     break;
             }
             cap_load_keept(s, cs);
-            if (rule[0] == RULE_MATCHTIME && !janet_truthy(cap)) return NULL;
-            pushcap(s, cap, tag);
+            if (rule[0] != RULE_REPLACE && !janet_truthy(cap)) return NULL; /* matchtime or matchtime flatten */
+            const Janet *elements = NULL;
+            int32_t len = 0;
+            if ((rule[0] == RULE_MATCHSPLICE) && janet_indexed_view(cap, &elements, &len)) {
+                /* unpack and flatten capture */
+                for (int32_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+                    pushcap(s, elements[i], tag);
+                }
+            } else {
+                pushcap(s, cap, tag);
+            }
             return result;
         }
 
@@ -1196,6 +1280,14 @@ static void spec_constant(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
     emit_2(r, RULE_CONSTANT, emit_constant(b, argv[0]), tag);
 }
 
+static void spec_debug(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
+    peg_arity(b, argc, 0, 0);
+    Reserve r = reserve(b, 1);
+    uint32_t empty = 0;
+    (void) argv;
+    emit_rule(r, RULE_DEBUG, 0, &empty);
+}
+
 static void spec_replace(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
     peg_arity(b, argc, 2, 3);
     Reserve r = reserve(b, 4);
@@ -1205,7 +1297,7 @@ static void spec_replace(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
     emit_3(r, RULE_REPLACE, subrule, constant, tag);
 }
 
-static void spec_matchtime(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
+static void spec_matchtime_impl(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv, uint32_t op) {
     peg_arity(b, argc, 2, 3);
     Reserve r = reserve(b, 4);
     uint32_t subrule = peg_compile1(b, argv[0]);
@@ -1216,7 +1308,15 @@ static void spec_matchtime(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
     }
     uint32_t tag = (argc == 3) ? emit_tag(b, argv[2]) : 0;
     uint32_t cindex = emit_constant(b, fun);
-    emit_3(r, RULE_MATCHTIME, subrule, cindex, tag);
+    emit_3(r, op, subrule, cindex, tag);
+}
+
+static void spec_matchtime(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
+    spec_matchtime_impl(b, argc, argv, RULE_MATCHTIME);
+}
+
+static void spec_matchtime_splice(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
+    spec_matchtime_impl(b, argc, argv, RULE_MATCHSPLICE);
 }
 
 static void spec_sub(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
@@ -1227,6 +1327,14 @@ static void spec_sub(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
     emit_2(r, RULE_SUB, subrule1, subrule2);
 }
 
+static void spec_til(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
+    peg_fixarity(b, argc, 2);
+    Reserve r = reserve(b, 3);
+    uint32_t subrule1 = peg_compile1(b, argv[0]);
+    uint32_t subrule2 = peg_compile1(b, argv[1]);
+    emit_2(r, RULE_TIL, subrule1, subrule2);
+}
+
 static void spec_split(Builder *b, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
     peg_fixarity(b, argc, 2);
     Reserve r = reserve(b, 3);
@@ -1284,6 +1392,7 @@ static const SpecialPair peg_specials[] = {
     {"<-", spec_capture},
     {">", spec_look},
     {"?", spec_opt},
+    {"??", spec_debug},
     {"accumulate", spec_accumulate},
     {"any", spec_any},
     {"argument", spec_argument},
@@ -1294,9 +1403,11 @@ static const SpecialPair peg_specials[] = {
     {"between", spec_between},
     {"capture", spec_capture},
     {"choice", spec_choice},
+    {"cms", spec_matchtime_splice},
     {"cmt", spec_matchtime},
     {"column", spec_column},
     {"constant", spec_constant},
+    {"debug", spec_debug},
     {"drop", spec_drop},
     {"error", spec_error},
     {"group", spec_group},
@@ -1323,6 +1434,7 @@ static const SpecialPair peg_specials[] = {
     {"split", spec_split},
     {"sub", spec_sub},
     {"thru", spec_thru},
+    {"til", spec_til},
     {"to", spec_to},
     {"uint", spec_uint_le},
     {"uint-be", spec_uint_be},
@@ -1416,6 +1528,11 @@ static uint32_t peg_compile1(Builder *b, Janet peg) {
             emit_bytes(b, RULE_LITERAL, len, str);
             break;
         }
+        case JANET_BUFFER: {
+            const JanetBuffer *buf = janet_unwrap_buffer(peg);
+            emit_bytes(b, RULE_LITERAL, buf->count, buf->data);
+            break;
+        }
         case JANET_TABLE: {
             /* Build grammar table */
             JanetTable *new_grammar = janet_table_clone(janet_unwrap_table(peg));
@@ -1544,7 +1661,7 @@ static void *peg_unmarshal(JanetMarshalContext *ctx) {
     /* After here, no panics except for the bad: label. */
 
     /* Keep track at each index if an instruction was
-     * reference (0x01) or is in a main bytecode position
+     * referenced (0x01) or is in a main bytecode position
      * (0x02). This lets us do a linear scan and not
      * need to a depth first traversal. It is stricter
      * than a dfs by not allowing certain kinds of unused
@@ -1567,6 +1684,10 @@ static void *peg_unmarshal(JanetMarshalContext *ctx) {
             case RULE_LITERAL:
                 i += 2 + ((rule[1] + 3) >> 2);
                 break;
+            case RULE_DEBUG:
+                /* [0 words] */
+                i += 1;
+                break;
             case RULE_NCHAR:
             case RULE_NOTNCHAR:
             case RULE_RANGE:
@@ -1650,6 +1771,7 @@ static void *peg_unmarshal(JanetMarshalContext *ctx) {
                 break;
             case RULE_REPLACE:
             case RULE_MATCHTIME:
+            case RULE_MATCHSPLICE:
                 /* [rule, constant, tag] */
                 if (rule[1] >= blen) goto bad;
                 if (rule[2] >= clen) goto bad;
@@ -1657,6 +1779,7 @@ static void *peg_unmarshal(JanetMarshalContext *ctx) {
                 i += 4;
                 break;
             case RULE_SUB:
+            case RULE_TIL:
             case RULE_SPLIT:
                 /* [rule, rule] */
                 if (rule[1] >= blen) goto bad;
@@ -1780,8 +1903,8 @@ static JanetPeg *compile_peg(Janet x) {
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_peg_compile,
               "(peg/compile peg)",
               "Compiles a peg source data structure into a <core/peg>. This will speed up matching "
-              "if the same peg will be used multiple times. Will also use `(dyn :peg-grammar)` to supplement "
-              "the grammar of the peg for otherwise undefined peg keywords.") {
+              "if the same peg will be used multiple times. `(dyn :peg-grammar)` replaces "
+              "`default-peg-grammar` for the grammar of the peg.") {
     janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
     JanetPeg *peg = compile_peg(argv[0]);
     return janet_wrap_abstract(peg);

src/core/pp.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ static int count_dig10(int32_t x) {
     }
 }
 
-static void integer_to_string_b(JanetBuffer *buffer, int32_t x) {
+static int32_t integer_to_string_b(JanetBuffer *buffer, int32_t x) {
     janet_buffer_extra(buffer, BUFSIZE);
     uint8_t *buf = buffer->data + buffer->count;
     int32_t neg = 0;
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ static void integer_to_string_b(JanetBuffer *buffer, int32_t x) {
     if (x == 0) {
         buf[0] = '0';
         buffer->count++;
-        return;
+        return 1;
     }
     if (x > 0) {
         x = -x;
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ static void integer_to_string_b(JanetBuffer *buffer, int32_t x) {
         x /= 10;
     }
     buffer->count += len + neg;
+    return len + neg;
 }
 
 #define HEX(i) (((uint8_t *) janet_base64)[(i)])
@@ -134,43 +135,55 @@ static void string_description_b(JanetBuffer *buffer, const char *title, void *p
 #undef POINTSIZE
 }
 
-static void janet_escape_string_impl(JanetBuffer *buffer, const uint8_t *str, int32_t len) {
+static int janet_escape_string_impl(JanetBuffer *buffer, const uint8_t *str, int32_t len) {
     janet_buffer_push_u8(buffer, '"');
+    int align = 1;
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
         uint8_t c = str[i];
         switch (c) {
             case '"':
                 janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, (const uint8_t *)"\\\"", 2);
+                align += 2;
                 break;
             case '\n':
                 janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, (const uint8_t *)"\\n", 2);
+                align += 2;
                 break;
             case '\r':
                 janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, (const uint8_t *)"\\r", 2);
+                align += 2;
                 break;
             case '\0':
                 janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, (const uint8_t *)"\\0", 2);
+                align += 2;
                 break;
             case '\f':
                 janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, (const uint8_t *)"\\f", 2);
+                align += 2;
                 break;
             case '\v':
                 janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, (const uint8_t *)"\\v", 2);
+                align += 2;
                 break;
             case '\a':
                 janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, (const uint8_t *)"\\a", 2);
+                align += 2;
                 break;
             case '\b':
                 janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, (const uint8_t *)"\\b", 2);
+                align += 2;
                 break;
             case 27:
                 janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, (const uint8_t *)"\\e", 2);
+                align += 2;
                 break;
             case '\\':
                 janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, (const uint8_t *)"\\\\", 2);
+                align += 2;
                 break;
             case '\t':
                 janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, (const uint8_t *)"\\t", 2);
+                align += 2;
                 break;
             default:
                 if (c < 32 || c > 126) {
@@ -180,13 +193,16 @@ static void janet_escape_string_impl(JanetBuffer *buffer, const uint8_t *str, in
                     buf[2] = janet_base64[(c >> 4) & 0xF];
                     buf[3] = janet_base64[c & 0xF];
                     janet_buffer_push_bytes(buffer, buf, 4);
+                    align += 4;
                 } else {
                     janet_buffer_push_u8(buffer, c);
+                    align++;
                 }
                 break;
         }
     }
     janet_buffer_push_u8(buffer, '"');
+    return align + 1;
 }
 
 static void janet_escape_string_b(JanetBuffer *buffer, const uint8_t *str) {
@@ -358,7 +374,7 @@ const uint8_t *janet_to_string(Janet x) {
 struct pretty {
     JanetBuffer *buffer;
     int depth;
-    int indent;
+    int align;
     int flags;
     int32_t bufstartlen;
     int32_t *keysort_buffer;
@@ -450,14 +466,15 @@ static int print_jdn_one(struct pretty *S, Janet x, int depth) {
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void print_newline(struct pretty *S, int just_a_space) {
+static void print_newline(struct pretty *S, int align) {
     int i;
-    if (just_a_space || (S->flags & JANET_PRETTY_ONELINE)) {
+    S->align = align;
+    if (S->flags & JANET_PRETTY_ONELINE) {
         janet_buffer_push_u8(S->buffer, ' ');
         return;
     }
     janet_buffer_push_u8(S->buffer, '\n');
-    for (i = 0; i < S->indent; i++) {
+    for (i = 0; i < S->align; i++) {
         janet_buffer_push_u8(S->buffer, ' ');
     }
 }
@@ -484,13 +501,12 @@ static const char *janet_pretty_colors[] = {
     "\x1B[36m"
 };
 
-#define JANET_PRETTY_DICT_ONELINE 4
-#define JANET_PRETTY_IND_ONELINE 10
 #define JANET_PRETTY_DICT_LIMIT 30
+#define JANET_PRETTY_DICT_KEYSORT_LIMIT 2000
 #define JANET_PRETTY_ARRAY_LIMIT 160
 
 /* Helper for pretty printing */
-static void janet_pretty_one(struct pretty *S, Janet x, int is_dict_value) {
+static void janet_pretty_one(struct pretty *S, Janet x) {
     /* Add to seen */
     switch (janet_type(x)) {
         case JANET_NIL:
@@ -505,7 +521,7 @@ static void janet_pretty_one(struct pretty *S, Janet x, int is_dict_value) {
                     janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, janet_cycle_color);
                 }
                 janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, "<cycle ");
-                integer_to_string_b(S->buffer, janet_unwrap_integer(seenid));
+                S->align += 8 + integer_to_string_b(S->buffer, janet_unwrap_integer(seenid));
                 janet_buffer_push_u8(S->buffer, '>');
                 if (S->flags & JANET_PRETTY_COLOR) {
                     janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, "\x1B[0m");
@@ -527,9 +543,11 @@ static void janet_pretty_one(struct pretty *S, Janet x, int is_dict_value) {
             if (janet_checktype(x, JANET_BUFFER) && janet_unwrap_buffer(x) == S->buffer) {
                 janet_buffer_ensure(S->buffer, S->buffer->count + S->bufstartlen * 4 + 3, 1);
                 janet_buffer_push_u8(S->buffer, '@');
-                janet_escape_string_impl(S->buffer, S->buffer->data, S->bufstartlen);
+                S->align += 1 + janet_escape_string_impl(S->buffer, S->buffer->data, S->bufstartlen);
             } else {
+                S->align -= S->buffer->count;
                 janet_description_b(S->buffer, x);
+                S->align += S->buffer->count;
             }
             if (color && (S->flags & JANET_PRETTY_COLOR)) {
                 janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, "\x1B[0m");
@@ -546,35 +564,34 @@ static void janet_pretty_one(struct pretty *S, Janet x, int is_dict_value) {
             const char *startstr = isarray ? "@[" : hasbrackets ? "[" : "(";
             const char endchar = isarray ? ']' : hasbrackets ? ']' : ')';
             janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, startstr);
+            const int align = S->align += strlen(startstr);
             S->depth--;
-            S->indent += 2;
             if (S->depth == 0) {
                 janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, "...");
+                S->align += 3;
             } else {
-                if (!isarray && !(S->flags & JANET_PRETTY_ONELINE) && len >= JANET_PRETTY_IND_ONELINE)
-                    janet_buffer_push_u8(S->buffer, ' ');
-                if (is_dict_value && len >= JANET_PRETTY_IND_ONELINE) print_newline(S, 0);
                 if (len > JANET_PRETTY_ARRAY_LIMIT && !(S->flags & JANET_PRETTY_NOTRUNC)) {
                     for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-                        if (i) print_newline(S, 0);
-                        janet_pretty_one(S, arr[i], 0);
+                        if (i) print_newline(S, align);
+                        janet_pretty_one(S, arr[i]);
                     }
-                    print_newline(S, 0);
+                    print_newline(S, align);
                     janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, "...");
-                    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-                        print_newline(S, 0);
-                        janet_pretty_one(S, arr[len - 3 + i], 0);
+                    S->align += 3;
+                    for (i = len - 3; i < len; i++) {
+                        print_newline(S, align);
+                        janet_pretty_one(S, arr[i]);
                     }
                 } else {
                     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-                        if (i) print_newline(S, len < JANET_PRETTY_IND_ONELINE);
-                        janet_pretty_one(S, arr[i], 0);
+                        if (i) print_newline(S, align);
+                        janet_pretty_one(S, arr[i]);
                     }
                 }
             }
-            S->indent -= 2;
             S->depth++;
             janet_buffer_push_u8(S->buffer, endchar);
+            S->align++;
             break;
         }
         case JANET_STRUCT:
@@ -585,6 +602,7 @@ static void janet_pretty_one(struct pretty *S, Janet x, int is_dict_value) {
             if (istable) {
                 JanetTable *t = janet_unwrap_table(x);
                 JanetTable *proto = t->proto;
+                S->align++;
                 janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, "@");
                 if (NULL != proto) {
                     Janet name = janet_table_get(proto, janet_ckeywordv("_name"));
@@ -595,6 +613,7 @@ static void janet_pretty_one(struct pretty *S, Janet x, int is_dict_value) {
                             janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, janet_class_color);
                         }
                         janet_buffer_push_bytes(S->buffer, n, len);
+                        S->align += len;
                         if (S->flags & JANET_PRETTY_COLOR) {
                             janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, "\x1B[0m");
                         }
@@ -612,73 +631,99 @@ static void janet_pretty_one(struct pretty *S, Janet x, int is_dict_value) {
                             janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, janet_class_color);
                         }
                         janet_buffer_push_bytes(S->buffer, n, len);
+                        S->align += len;
                         if (S->flags & JANET_PRETTY_COLOR) {
                             janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, "\x1B[0m");
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
-            janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, "{");
+            janet_buffer_push_u8(S->buffer, '{');
+            const int align = ++S->align;
 
             S->depth--;
-            S->indent += 2;
             if (S->depth == 0) {
                 janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, "...");
+                S->align += 3;
             } else {
-                int32_t i = 0, len = 0, cap = 0;
+                int32_t len = 0, cap = 0;
                 const JanetKV *kvs = NULL;
                 janet_dictionary_view(x, &kvs, &len, &cap);
-                if (!istable && !(S->flags & JANET_PRETTY_ONELINE) && len >= JANET_PRETTY_DICT_ONELINE)
-                    janet_buffer_push_u8(S->buffer, ' ');
-                if (is_dict_value && len >= JANET_PRETTY_DICT_ONELINE) print_newline(S, 0);
                 int32_t ks_start = S->keysort_start;
-
-                /* Ensure buffer is large enough to sort keys. */
                 int truncated = 0;
-                int64_t mincap = (int64_t) len + (int64_t) ks_start;
-                if (mincap > INT32_MAX) {
-                    truncated = 1;
-                    len = 0;
-                    mincap = ks_start;
-                }
 
-                if (S->keysort_capacity < mincap) {
-                    if (mincap >= INT32_MAX / 2) {
-                        S->keysort_capacity = INT32_MAX;
-                    } else {
-                        S->keysort_capacity = (int32_t)(mincap * 2);
+                /* Shortcut for huge dictionaries, don't bother sorting keys */
+                if (len > JANET_PRETTY_DICT_KEYSORT_LIMIT) {
+                    if (!(S->flags & JANET_PRETTY_NOTRUNC) && (len > JANET_PRETTY_DICT_LIMIT)) {
+                        len = JANET_PRETTY_DICT_LIMIT;
+                        truncated = 1;
                     }
-                    S->keysort_buffer = janet_srealloc(S->keysort_buffer, sizeof(int32_t) * S->keysort_capacity);
-                    if (NULL == S->keysort_buffer) {
-                        JANET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+                    int32_t j = 0;
+                    for (int32_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+                        while (janet_checktype(kvs[j].key, JANET_NIL)) j++;
+                        if (i) print_newline(S, align);
+                        janet_pretty_one(S, kvs[j].key);
+                        janet_buffer_push_u8(S->buffer, ' ');
+                        S->align++;
+                        janet_pretty_one(S, kvs[j].value);
+                        j++;
                     }
-                }
+                    if (truncated) {
+                        print_newline(S, align);
+                        janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, "...");
+                        S->align += 3;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    /* Sorted keys dictionaries */
 
-                janet_sorted_keys(kvs, cap, S->keysort_buffer == NULL ? NULL : S->keysort_buffer + ks_start);
-                S->keysort_start += len;
-                if (!(S->flags & JANET_PRETTY_NOTRUNC) && (len > JANET_PRETTY_DICT_LIMIT)) {
-                    len = JANET_PRETTY_DICT_LIMIT;
-                    truncated = 1;
-                }
+                    /* Ensure buffer is large enough to sort keys. */
+                    int64_t mincap = (int64_t) len + (int64_t) ks_start;
+                    if (mincap > INT32_MAX) {
+                        truncated = 1;
+                        len = 0;
+                        mincap = ks_start;
+                    }
 
-                for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-                    if (i) print_newline(S, len < JANET_PRETTY_DICT_ONELINE);
-                    int32_t j = S->keysort_buffer[i + ks_start];
-                    janet_pretty_one(S, kvs[j].key, 0);
-                    janet_buffer_push_u8(S->buffer, ' ');
-                    janet_pretty_one(S, kvs[j].value, 1);
-                }
+                    if (S->keysort_capacity < mincap) {
+                        if (mincap >= INT32_MAX / 2) {
+                            S->keysort_capacity = INT32_MAX;
+                        } else {
+                            S->keysort_capacity = (int32_t)(mincap * 2);
+                        }
+                        S->keysort_buffer = janet_srealloc(S->keysort_buffer, sizeof(int32_t) * S->keysort_capacity);
+                        if (NULL == S->keysort_buffer) {
+                            JANET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+                        }
+                    }
 
-                if (truncated) {
-                    print_newline(S, 0);
-                    janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, "...");
-                }
+                    janet_sorted_keys(kvs, cap, S->keysort_buffer == NULL ? NULL : S->keysort_buffer + ks_start);
+                    S->keysort_start += len;
+                    if (!(S->flags & JANET_PRETTY_NOTRUNC) && (len > JANET_PRETTY_DICT_LIMIT)) {
+                        len = JANET_PRETTY_DICT_LIMIT;
+                        truncated = 1;
+                    }
 
+                    for (int32_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+                        if (i) print_newline(S, align);
+                        int32_t j = S->keysort_buffer[i + ks_start];
+                        janet_pretty_one(S, kvs[j].key);
+                        janet_buffer_push_u8(S->buffer, ' ');
+                        S->align++;
+                        janet_pretty_one(S, kvs[j].value);
+                    }
+
+                    if (truncated) {
+                        print_newline(S, align);
+                        janet_buffer_push_cstring(S->buffer, "...");
+                        S->align += 3;
+                    }
+
+                }
                 S->keysort_start = ks_start;
             }
-            S->indent -= 2;
             S->depth++;
             janet_buffer_push_u8(S->buffer, '}');
+            S->align++;
             break;
         }
     }
@@ -694,14 +739,14 @@ static JanetBuffer *janet_pretty_(JanetBuffer *buffer, int depth, int flags, Jan
     }
     S.buffer = buffer;
     S.depth = depth;
-    S.indent = 0;
+    S.align = 0;
     S.flags = flags;
     S.bufstartlen = startlen;
     S.keysort_capacity = 0;
     S.keysort_buffer = NULL;
     S.keysort_start = 0;
     janet_table_init(&S.seen, 10);
-    janet_pretty_one(&S, x, 0);
+    janet_pretty_one(&S, x);
     janet_table_deinit(&S.seen);
     return S.buffer;
 }
@@ -719,7 +764,7 @@ static JanetBuffer *janet_jdn_(JanetBuffer *buffer, int depth, Janet x, int32_t
     }
     S.buffer = buffer;
     S.depth = depth;
-    S.indent = 0;
+    S.align = 0;
     S.flags = 0;
     S.bufstartlen = startlen;
     S.keysort_capacity = 0;
@@ -897,7 +942,7 @@ void janet_formatbv(JanetBuffer *b, const char *format, va_list args) {
                 case 's':
                 case 'S': {
                     const char *str = va_arg(args, const char *);
-                    int32_t len = c[-1] == 's'
+                    int32_t len = (c[-1] == 's')
                                   ? (int32_t) strlen(str)
                                   : janet_string_length((JanetString) str);
                     if (form[2] == '\0')
@@ -1023,10 +1068,20 @@ void janet_buffer_format(
             char form[MAX_FORMAT], item[MAX_ITEM];
             char width[3], precision[3];
             int nb = 0; /* number of bytes in added item */
-            if (++arg >= argc)
-                janet_panic("not enough values for format");
+#ifdef JANET_PLAN9
+            if (*strfrmt == 'r') {
+                rerrstr(item, MAX_ITEM);
+                nb = strlen(item);
+            } else
+#endif
+                if (++arg >= argc)
+                    janet_panic("not enough values for format");
             strfrmt = scanformat(strfrmt, form, width, precision);
             switch (*strfrmt++) {
+#ifdef JANET_PLAN9
+                case 'r':
+                    break;
+#endif
                 case 'c': {
                     nb = snprintf(item, MAX_ITEM, form, (int)
                                   janet_getinteger(argv, arg));
@@ -1060,19 +1115,11 @@ void janet_buffer_format(
                     break;
                 }
                 case 's': {
-                    JanetByteView bytes = janet_getbytes(argv, arg);
-                    const uint8_t *s = bytes.bytes;
-                    int32_t l = bytes.len;
+                    const char *s = janet_getcbytes(argv, arg);
                     if (form[2] == '\0')
-                        janet_buffer_push_bytes(b, s, l);
+                        janet_buffer_push_cstring(b, s);
                     else {
-                        if (l != (int32_t) strlen((const char *) s))
-                            janet_panic("string contains zeros");
-                        if (!strchr(form, '.') && l >= 100) {
-                            janet_panic("no precision and string is too long to be formatted");
-                        } else {
-                            nb = snprintf(item, MAX_ITEM, form, s);
-                        }
+                        nb = snprintf(item, MAX_ITEM, form, s);
                     }
                     break;
                 }

src/core/regalloc.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/core/regalloc.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/core/run.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -26,9 +26,10 @@
 #include "state.h"
 #endif
 
-/* Run a string */
+/* Run a string of code. The return value is a set of error flags, JANET_DO_ERROR_RUNTIME, JANET_DO_ERROR_COMPILE, and JANET_DOR_ERROR_PARSE if
+ * any errors were encountered in those phases. More information is printed to stderr. */
 int janet_dobytes(JanetTable *env, const uint8_t *bytes, int32_t len, const char *sourcePath, Janet *out) {
-    JanetParser parser;
+    JanetParser *parser;
     int errflags = 0, done = 0;
     int32_t index = 0;
     Janet ret = janet_wrap_nil();
@@ -37,14 +38,16 @@ int janet_dobytes(JanetTable *env, const uint8_t *bytes, int32_t len, const char
 
     if (where) janet_gcroot(janet_wrap_string(where));
     if (NULL == sourcePath) sourcePath = "<unknown>";
-    janet_parser_init(&parser);
+    parser = janet_abstract(&janet_parser_type, sizeof(JanetParser));
+    janet_parser_init(parser);
+    janet_gcroot(janet_wrap_abstract(parser));
 
     /* While we haven't seen an error */
     while (!done) {
 
         /* Evaluate parsed values */
-        while (janet_parser_has_more(&parser)) {
-            Janet form = janet_parser_produce(&parser);
+        while (janet_parser_has_more(parser)) {
+            Janet form = janet_parser_produce(parser);
             JanetCompileResult cres = janet_compile(form, env, where);
             if (cres.status == JANET_COMPILE_OK) {
                 JanetFunction *f = janet_thunk(cres.funcdef);
@@ -53,27 +56,30 @@ int janet_dobytes(JanetTable *env, const uint8_t *bytes, int32_t len, const char
                 JanetSignal status = janet_continue(fiber, janet_wrap_nil(), &ret);
                 if (status != JANET_SIGNAL_OK && status != JANET_SIGNAL_EVENT) {
                     janet_stacktrace_ext(fiber, ret, "");
-                    errflags |= 0x01;
+                    errflags |= JANET_DO_ERROR_RUNTIME;
                     done = 1;
                 }
             } else {
-                ret = janet_wrap_string(cres.error);
-                int32_t line = (int32_t) parser.line;
-                int32_t col = (int32_t) parser.column;
+                int32_t line = (int32_t) parser->line;
+                int32_t col = (int32_t) parser->column;
                 if ((cres.error_mapping.line > 0) &&
                         (cres.error_mapping.column > 0)) {
                     line = cres.error_mapping.line;
                     col = cres.error_mapping.column;
                 }
+                JanetString ctx = janet_formatc("%s:%d:%d: compile error",
+                                                sourcePath, line, col);
+                JanetString errstr = janet_formatc("%s: %s",
+                                                   (const char *)ctx,
+                                                   (const char *)cres.error);
+                ret = janet_wrap_string(errstr);
                 if (cres.macrofiber) {
-                    janet_eprintf("%s:%d:%d: compile error", sourcePath,
-                                  line, col);
+                    janet_eprintf("%s", (const char *)ctx);
                     janet_stacktrace_ext(cres.macrofiber, ret, "");
                 } else {
-                    janet_eprintf("%s:%d:%d: compile error: %s\n", sourcePath,
-                                  line, col, (const char *)cres.error);
+                    janet_eprintf("%s\n", (const char *)errstr);
                 }
-                errflags |= 0x02;
+                errflags |= JANET_DO_ERROR_COMPILE;
                 done = 1;
             }
         }
@@ -81,26 +87,28 @@ int janet_dobytes(JanetTable *env, const uint8_t *bytes, int32_t len, const char
         if (done) break;
 
         /* Dispatch based on parse state */
-        switch (janet_parser_status(&parser)) {
+        switch (janet_parser_status(parser)) {
             case JANET_PARSE_DEAD:
                 done = 1;
                 break;
             case JANET_PARSE_ERROR: {
-                const char *e = janet_parser_error(&parser);
-                errflags |= 0x04;
-                ret = janet_cstringv(e);
-                int32_t line = (int32_t) parser.line;
-                int32_t col = (int32_t) parser.column;
-                janet_eprintf("%s:%d:%d: parse error: %s\n", sourcePath, line, col, e);
+                errflags |= JANET_DO_ERROR_PARSE;
+                int32_t line = (int32_t) parser->line;
+                int32_t col = (int32_t) parser->column;
+                JanetString errstr = janet_formatc("%s:%d:%d: parse error: %s",
+                                                   sourcePath, line, col,
+                                                   janet_parser_error(parser));
+                ret = janet_wrap_string(errstr);
+                janet_eprintf("%s\n", (const char *)errstr);
                 done = 1;
                 break;
             }
             case JANET_PARSE_ROOT:
             case JANET_PARSE_PENDING:
                 if (index >= len) {
-                    janet_parser_eof(&parser);
+                    janet_parser_eof(parser);
                 } else {
-                    janet_parser_consume(&parser, bytes[index++]);
+                    janet_parser_consume(parser, bytes[index++]);
                 }
                 break;
         }
@@ -108,7 +116,7 @@ int janet_dobytes(JanetTable *env, const uint8_t *bytes, int32_t len, const char
     }
 
     /* Clean up and return errors */
-    janet_parser_deinit(&parser);
+    janet_gcunroot(janet_wrap_abstract(parser));
     if (where) janet_gcunroot(janet_wrap_string(where));
 #ifdef JANET_EV
     /* Enter the event loop if we are not already in it */
@@ -119,7 +127,8 @@ int janet_dobytes(JanetTable *env, const uint8_t *bytes, int32_t len, const char
         janet_loop();
         if (fiber) {
             janet_gcunroot(janet_wrap_fiber(fiber));
-            ret = fiber->last_value;
+            if (!errflags)
+                ret = fiber->last_value;
         }
     }
 #endif

src/core/specials.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -307,14 +307,14 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_varset(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv)
 /* Add attributes to a global def or var table */
 static JanetTable *handleattr(JanetCompiler *c, const char *kind, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     int32_t i;
-    JanetTable *tab = janet_table(2);
-    const char *binding_name = janet_type(argv[0]) == JANET_SYMBOL
-                               ? ((const char *)janet_unwrap_symbol(argv[0]))
-                               : "<multiple bindings>";
     if (argn < 2) {
         janetc_error(c, janet_formatc("expected at least 2 arguments to %s", kind));
         return NULL;
     }
+    JanetTable *tab = janet_table(2);
+    const char *binding_name = janet_type(argv[0]) == JANET_SYMBOL
+                               ? ((const char *)janet_unwrap_symbol(argv[0]))
+                               : "<multiple bindings>";
     for (i = 1; i < argn - 1; i++) {
         Janet attr = argv[i];
         switch (janet_type(attr)) {
@@ -362,6 +362,23 @@ SlotHeadPair *dohead_destructure(JanetCompiler *c, SlotHeadPair *into, JanetFopt
         janet_indexed_view(lhs, &view_lhs.items, &view_lhs.len);
         janet_indexed_view(rhs, &view_rhs.items, &view_rhs.len);
         int found_amp = 0;
+        int found_splice = 0;
+        /* Check for (def [x y z] [(splice [1 2 3]) 4 5 6]), bail out of optimization */
+        for (int32_t i = 0; i < view_rhs.len; i++) {
+            if (!janet_checktype(view_rhs.items[i], JANET_TUPLE)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            JanetTuple tup = janet_unwrap_tuple(view_rhs.items[i]);
+            if (janet_tuple_length(tup) == 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (janet_symeq(tup[0], "splice")) {
+                found_splice = 1;
+                /* Good error will be generated later. */
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        /* Check for (def [x & more] [1 2 3]), bail out of optimization */
         for (int32_t i = 0; i < view_lhs.len; i++) {
             if (janet_symeq(view_lhs.items[i], "&")) {
                 found_amp = 1;
@@ -369,7 +386,7 @@ SlotHeadPair *dohead_destructure(JanetCompiler *c, SlotHeadPair *into, JanetFopt
                 break;
             }
         }
-        if (!found_amp) {
+        if (!found_amp && !found_splice) {
             for (int32_t i = 0; i < view_lhs.len; i++) {
                 Janet sub_rhs = view_rhs.len <= i ? janet_wrap_nil() : view_rhs.items[i];
                 into = dohead_destructure(c, into, subopts, view_lhs.items[i], sub_rhs);
@@ -387,7 +404,7 @@ SlotHeadPair *dohead_destructure(JanetCompiler *c, SlotHeadPair *into, JanetFopt
 }
 
 /* Def or var a symbol in a local scope */
-static int namelocal(JanetCompiler *c, const uint8_t *head, int32_t flags, JanetSlot ret) {
+static int namelocal(JanetCompiler *c, const uint8_t *head, int32_t flags, JanetSlot ret, int no_unused) {
     int isUnnamedRegister = !(ret.flags & JANET_SLOT_NAMED) &&
                             ret.index > 0 &&
                             ret.envindex >= 0;
@@ -408,7 +425,11 @@ static int namelocal(JanetCompiler *c, const uint8_t *head, int32_t flags, Janet
         ret = localslot;
     }
     ret.flags |= flags;
-    janetc_nameslot(c, head, ret);
+    if ((c->scope->flags & JANET_SCOPE_TOP) || no_unused) {
+        janetc_nameslot_no_unused(c, head, ret);
+    } else {
+        janetc_nameslot(c, head, ret);
+    }
     return !isUnnamedRegister;
 }
 
@@ -422,8 +443,7 @@ static int varleaf(
         JanetSlot refslot;
         JanetTable *entry = janet_table_clone(reftab);
 
-        Janet redef_kw = janet_ckeywordv("redef");
-        int is_redef = janet_truthy(janet_table_get(c->env, redef_kw));
+        int is_redef = janet_truthy(janet_table_get_keyword(c->env, "redef"));
 
         JanetArray *ref;
         JanetBinding old_binding;
@@ -443,7 +463,17 @@ static int varleaf(
         janetc_emit_ssu(c, JOP_PUT_INDEX, refslot, s, 0, 0);
         return 1;
     } else {
-        return namelocal(c, sym, JANET_SLOT_MUTABLE, s);
+        int no_unused = reftab && reftab->count && janet_truthy(janet_table_get_keyword(reftab, "unused"));
+        return namelocal(c, sym, JANET_SLOT_MUTABLE, s, no_unused);
+    }
+}
+
+static void check_metadata_lint(JanetCompiler *c, JanetTable *attr_table) {
+    if (!(c->scope->flags & JANET_SCOPE_TOP) && attr_table && attr_table->count) {
+        /* A macro is a normal lint, other metadata is a strict lint */
+        if (janet_truthy(janet_table_get_keyword(attr_table, "macro"))) {
+            janetc_lintf(c, JANET_C_LINT_NORMAL, "macro tag is ignored in inner scopes");
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -453,6 +483,7 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_var(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     if (c->result.status == JANET_COMPILE_ERROR) {
         return janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_nil());
     }
+    check_metadata_lint(c, attr_table);
     SlotHeadPair *into = NULL;
     into = dohead_destructure(c, into, opts, argv[0], argv[argn - 1]);
     if (c->result.status == JANET_COMPILE_ERROR) {
@@ -479,9 +510,8 @@ static int defleaf(
         janet_table_put(entry, janet_ckeywordv("source-map"),
                         janet_wrap_tuple(janetc_make_sourcemap(c)));
 
-        Janet redef_kw = janet_ckeywordv("redef");
-        int is_redef = janet_truthy(janet_table_get(c->env, redef_kw));
-        if (is_redef) janet_table_put(entry, redef_kw, janet_wrap_true());
+        int is_redef = janet_truthy(janet_table_get_keyword(c->env, "redef"));
+        if (is_redef) janet_table_put(entry, janet_ckeywordv("redef"), janet_wrap_true());
 
         if (is_redef) {
             JanetBinding binding = janet_resolve_ext(c->env, sym);
@@ -504,7 +534,8 @@ static int defleaf(
         /* Add env entry to env */
         janet_table_put(c->env, janet_wrap_symbol(sym), janet_wrap_table(entry));
     }
-    return namelocal(c, sym, 0, s);
+    int no_unused = tab && tab->count && janet_truthy(janet_table_get_keyword(tab, "unused"));
+    return namelocal(c, sym, 0, s, no_unused);
 }
 
 static JanetSlot janetc_def(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
@@ -513,6 +544,7 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_def(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     if (c->result.status == JANET_COMPILE_ERROR) {
         return janetc_cslot(janet_wrap_nil());
     }
+    check_metadata_lint(c, attr_table);
     opts.flags &= ~JANET_FOPTS_HINT;
     SlotHeadPair *into = NULL;
     into = dohead_destructure(c, into, opts, argv[0], argv[argn - 1]);
@@ -652,8 +684,10 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_if(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
 
     /* Write jumps - only add jump lengths if jump actually emitted */
     labeld = janet_v_count(c->buffer);
-    c->buffer[labeljr] |= (labelr - labeljr) << 16;
-    if (!tail) c->buffer[labeljd] |= (labeld - labeljd) << 8;
+    if (labeljr < labeld) {
+        c->buffer[labeljr] |= (labelr - labeljr) << 16;
+        if (!tail && labeljd < labeld) c->buffer[labeljd] |= (labeld - labeljd) << 8;
+    }
 
     if (tail) target.flags |= JANET_SLOT_RETURNED;
     return target;
@@ -875,7 +909,7 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_while(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv)
         janetc_regalloc_freetemp(&c->scope->ra, tempself, JANETC_REGTEMP_0);
         /* Compile function */
         JanetFuncDef *def = janetc_pop_funcdef(c);
-        def->name = janet_cstring("_while");
+        def->name = janet_cstring("while");
         janet_def_addflags(def);
         int32_t defindex = janetc_addfuncdef(c, def);
         /* And then load the closure and call it. */
@@ -1042,6 +1076,14 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_fn(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
         }
     }
 
+    /* Compile named arguments */
+    if (namedargs) {
+        Janet param = janet_wrap_table(named_table);
+        destructure(c, param, named_slot, defleaf, NULL);
+        janetc_freeslot(c, named_slot);
+        janet_v_free(named_params);
+    }
+
     /* Compile destructed params */
     int32_t j = 0;
     for (i = 0; i < paramcount; i++) {
@@ -1055,14 +1097,6 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_fn(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     }
     janet_v_free(destructed_params);
 
-    /* Compile named arguments */
-    if (namedargs) {
-        Janet param = janet_wrap_table(named_table);
-        destructure(c, param, named_slot, defleaf, NULL);
-        janetc_freeslot(c, named_slot);
-        janet_v_free(named_params);
-    }
-
     max_arity = (vararg || allow_extra) ? INT32_MAX : arity;
     if (!seenopt) min_arity = arity;
 
@@ -1084,7 +1118,7 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_fn(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
             JanetSlot slot = janetc_farslot(c);
             slot.flags = JANET_SLOT_NAMED | JANET_FUNCTION;
             janetc_emit_s(c, JOP_LOAD_SELF, slot, 1);
-            janetc_nameslot(c, sym, slot);
+            janetc_nameslot_no_unused(c, sym, slot);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1105,8 +1139,12 @@ static JanetSlot janetc_fn(JanetFopts opts, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv) {
     def->arity = arity;
     def->min_arity = min_arity;
     def->max_arity = max_arity;
+    if (named_table != NULL) {
+        def->named_args_count = named_table->count;
+    }
     if (vararg) def->flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_VARARG;
     if (structarg) def->flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_STRUCTARG;
+    if (namedargs) def->flags |= JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_NAMEDARGS;
 
     if (hasname) def->name = janet_unwrap_symbol(head); /* Also correctly unwraps keyword */
     janet_def_addflags(def);

src/core/state.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/core/state.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -23,11 +23,16 @@
 #ifndef JANET_STATE_H_defined
 #define JANET_STATE_H_defined
 
+#ifndef JANET_AMALG
+#include "features.h"
 #include <janet.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
+#endif
 
 #ifdef JANET_EV
-#ifndef JANET_WINDOWS
+#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+#include <windows.h>
+#else
 #include <pthread.h>
 #endif
 #endif
@@ -53,13 +58,22 @@ typedef struct {
     void *data;
 } JanetQueue;
 
+#ifdef JANET_EV
 typedef struct {
     JanetTimestamp when;
     JanetFiber *fiber;
     JanetFiber *curr_fiber;
     uint32_t sched_id;
     int is_error;
+    int has_worker;
+#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+    HANDLE worker;
+    HANDLE worker_event;
+#else
+    pthread_t worker;
+#endif
 } JanetTimeout;
+#endif
 
 /* Registry table for C functions - contains metadata that can
  * be looked up by cfunction pointer. All strings here are pointing to
@@ -100,6 +114,7 @@ struct JanetVM {
      * return point for panics. */
     jmp_buf *signal_buf;
     Janet *return_reg;
+    int coerce_error;
 
     /* The global registry for c functions. Used to store meta-data
      * along with otherwise bare c function pointers. */
@@ -167,6 +182,8 @@ struct JanetVM {
     JanetTable signal_handlers;
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
     void **iocp;
+    void *connect_ex; /* MSWsock extension if available */
+    int connect_ex_loaded;
 #elif defined(JANET_EV_EPOLL)
     pthread_attr_t new_thread_attr;
     JanetHandle selfpipe[2];

src/core/string.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/core/strtod.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -301,6 +301,7 @@ int janet_scan_number_base(
     if (base == 0) {
         base = 10;
     }
+    int exp_base = base;
 
     /* Skip leading zeros */
     while (str < end && (*str == '0' || *str == '.')) {
@@ -322,6 +323,12 @@ int janet_scan_number_base(
         } else if (*str == '&') {
             foundexp = 1;
             break;
+        } else if (base == 16 && (*str == 'P' || *str == 'p')) { /* IEEE hex float */
+            foundexp = 1;
+            exp_base = 10;
+            base = 2;
+            ex *= 4; /* We need to correct the current exponent after we change the base */
+            break;
         } else if (base == 10 && (*str == 'E' || *str == 'e')) {
             foundexp = 1;
             break;
@@ -360,9 +367,9 @@ int janet_scan_number_base(
         }
         while (str < end) {
             int digit = digit_lookup[*str & 0x7F];
-            if (*str > 127 || digit >= base) goto error;
+            if (*str > 127 || digit >= exp_base) goto error;
             if (ee < (INT32_MAX / 40)) {
-                ee = base * ee + digit;
+                ee = exp_base * ee + digit;
             }
             str++;
             seenadigit = 1;

src/core/struct.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -294,6 +294,16 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_struct_to_table,
     return janet_wrap_table(tab);
 }
 
+JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_struct_rawget,
+              "(struct/rawget st key)",
+              "Gets a value from a struct `st` without looking at the prototype struct. "
+              "If `st` does not contain the key directly, the function will return "
+              "nil without checking the prototype. Returns the value in the struct.") {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 2);
+    JanetStruct st = janet_getstruct(argv, 0);
+    return janet_struct_rawget(st, argv[1]);
+}
+
 /* Load the struct module */
 void janet_lib_struct(JanetTable *env) {
     JanetRegExt struct_cfuns[] = {
@@ -301,6 +311,7 @@ void janet_lib_struct(JanetTable *env) {
         JANET_CORE_REG("struct/getproto", cfun_struct_getproto),
         JANET_CORE_REG("struct/proto-flatten", cfun_struct_flatten),
         JANET_CORE_REG("struct/to-table", cfun_struct_to_table),
+        JANET_CORE_REG("struct/rawget", cfun_struct_rawget),
         JANET_REG_END
     };
     janet_core_cfuns_ext(env, NULL, struct_cfuns);

src/core/symcache.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/core/symcache.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/core/table.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -155,6 +155,17 @@ Janet janet_table_get(JanetTable *t, Janet key) {
     return janet_wrap_nil();
 }
 
+/* Used internally for compiler stuff */
+Janet janet_table_get_keyword(JanetTable *t, const char *keyword) {
+    int32_t keyword_len = (int32_t) strlen(keyword);
+    for (int i = JANET_MAX_PROTO_DEPTH; t && i; t = t->proto, --i) {
+        JanetKV *bucket = (JanetKV *) janet_dict_find_keyword(t->data, t->capacity, (const uint8_t *) keyword, keyword_len);
+        if (NULL != bucket && !janet_checktype(bucket->key, JANET_NIL))
+            return bucket->value;
+    }
+    return janet_wrap_nil();
+}
+
 /* Get a value out of the table, and record which prototype it was from. */
 Janet janet_table_get_ex(JanetTable *t, Janet key, JanetTable **which) {
     for (int i = JANET_MAX_PROTO_DEPTH; t && i; t = t->proto, --i) {
@@ -372,12 +383,14 @@ JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_table_setproto,
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_table_tostruct,
-              "(table/to-struct tab)",
-              "Convert a table to a struct. Returns a new struct. This function "
-              "does not take into account prototype tables.") {
-    janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
+              "(table/to-struct tab &opt proto)",
+              "Convert a table to a struct. Returns a new struct.") {
+    janet_arity(argc, 1, 2);
     JanetTable *t = janet_gettable(argv, 0);
-    return janet_wrap_struct(janet_table_to_struct(t));
+    JanetStruct proto = janet_optstruct(argv, argc, 1, NULL);
+    JanetStruct st = janet_table_to_struct(t);
+    janet_struct_proto(st) = proto;
+    return janet_wrap_struct(st);
 }
 
 JANET_CORE_FN(cfun_table_rawget,

src/core/tuple.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/core/util.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ int32_t janet_kv_calchash(const JanetKV *kvs, int32_t len) {
     return (int32_t) hash;
 }
 
-/* Calculate next power of 2. May overflow. If n is 0,
+/* Calculate next power of 2. May overflow. If n < 0,
  * will return 0. */
 int32_t janet_tablen(int32_t n) {
     if (n < 0) return 0;
@@ -321,6 +321,54 @@ const JanetKV *janet_dict_find(const JanetKV *buckets, int32_t cap, Janet key) {
     return first_bucket;
 }
 
+/* Helper to find a keyword, symbol, or string in a Janet struct or table without allocating
+ * memory or needing to find interned symbols */
+const JanetKV *janet_dict_find_keyword(
+    const JanetKV *buckets, int32_t cap,
+    const uint8_t *cstr, int32_t cstr_len) {
+    int32_t hash = janet_string_calchash(cstr, cstr_len);
+    int32_t index = janet_maphash(cap, hash);
+    int32_t i;
+    const JanetKV *first_bucket = NULL;
+    /* Higher half */
+    for (i = index; i < cap; i++) {
+        const JanetKV *kv = buckets + i;
+        if (janet_checktype(kv->key, JANET_NIL)) {
+            if (janet_checktype(kv->value, JANET_NIL)) {
+                return kv;
+            } else if (NULL == first_bucket) {
+                first_bucket = kv;
+            }
+        } else if (janet_checktype(kv->key, JANET_KEYWORD)) {
+            /* Works for symbol and keyword, too */
+            JanetString str = janet_unwrap_string(kv->key);
+            int32_t len = janet_string_length(str);
+            if (hash == janet_string_hash(str) && len == cstr_len && !memcmp(str, cstr, len)) {
+                return buckets + i;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /* Lower half */
+    for (i = 0; i < index; i++) {
+        const JanetKV *kv = buckets + i;
+        if (janet_checktype(kv->key, JANET_NIL)) {
+            if (janet_checktype(kv->value, JANET_NIL)) {
+                return kv;
+            } else if (NULL == first_bucket) {
+                first_bucket = kv;
+            }
+        } else if (janet_checktype(kv->key, JANET_KEYWORD)) {
+            /* Works for symbol and keyword, too */
+            JanetString str = janet_unwrap_string(kv->key);
+            int32_t len = janet_string_length(str);
+            if (hash == janet_string_hash(str) && len == cstr_len && !memcmp(str, cstr, len)) {
+                return buckets + i;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return first_bucket;
+}
+
 /* Get a value from a janet struct or table. */
 Janet janet_dictionary_get(const JanetKV *data, int32_t cap, Janet key) {
     const JanetKV *kv = janet_dict_find(data, cap, key);
@@ -628,8 +676,11 @@ JanetBinding janet_binding_from_entry(Janet entry) {
         return binding;
     entry_table = janet_unwrap_table(entry);
 
-    /* deprecation check */
-    Janet deprecate = janet_table_get(entry_table, janet_ckeywordv("deprecated"));
+    Janet deprecate = janet_table_get_keyword(entry_table, "deprecated");
+    int macro = janet_truthy(janet_table_get_keyword(entry_table, "macro"));
+    Janet value = janet_table_get_keyword(entry_table, "value");
+    Janet ref = janet_table_get_keyword(entry_table, "ref");
+
     if (janet_checktype(deprecate, JANET_KEYWORD)) {
         JanetKeyword depkw = janet_unwrap_keyword(deprecate);
         if (!janet_cstrcmp(depkw, "relaxed")) {
@@ -643,11 +694,8 @@ JanetBinding janet_binding_from_entry(Janet entry) {
         binding.deprecation = JANET_BINDING_DEP_NORMAL;
     }
 
-    int macro = janet_truthy(janet_table_get(entry_table, janet_ckeywordv("macro")));
-    Janet value = janet_table_get(entry_table, janet_ckeywordv("value"));
-    Janet ref = janet_table_get(entry_table, janet_ckeywordv("ref"));
     int ref_is_valid = janet_checktype(ref, JANET_ARRAY);
-    int redef = ref_is_valid && janet_truthy(janet_table_get(entry_table, janet_ckeywordv("redef")));
+    int redef = ref_is_valid && janet_truthy(janet_table_get_keyword(entry_table, "redef"));
 
     if (macro) {
         binding.value = redef ? ref : value;
@@ -848,11 +896,15 @@ int janet_checksize(Janet x) {
         return 0;
     double dval = janet_unwrap_number(x);
     if (dval != (double)((size_t) dval)) return 0;
+#ifdef JANET_PLAN9
+    return dval <= SIZE_MAX;
+#else
     if (SIZE_MAX > JANET_INTMAX_INT64) {
         return dval <= JANET_INTMAX_INT64;
     } else {
         return dval <= SIZE_MAX;
     }
+#endif
 }
 
 JanetTable *janet_get_core_table(const char *name) {
@@ -931,27 +983,24 @@ int janet_gettime(struct timespec *spec, enum JanetTimeSource source) {
 #include <mach/clock.h>
 #include <mach/mach.h>
 int janet_gettime(struct timespec *spec, enum JanetTimeSource source) {
-    if (source == JANET_TIME_REALTIME) {
+    if (source == JANET_TIME_CPUTIME) {
+        clock_t tmp = clock();
+        spec->tv_sec = tmp / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
+        spec->tv_nsec = ((tmp - (spec->tv_sec * CLOCKS_PER_SEC)) * 1000000000) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
+    } else {
         clock_serv_t cclock;
         mach_timespec_t mts;
-        host_get_clock_service(mach_host_self(), CALENDAR_CLOCK, &cclock);
+        clock_id_t cid = CALENDAR_CLOCK;
+        if (source == JANET_TIME_REALTIME) {
+            cid = CALENDAR_CLOCK;
+        } else if (source == JANET_TIME_MONOTONIC) {
+            cid = SYSTEM_CLOCK;
+        }
+        host_get_clock_service(mach_host_self(), cid, &cclock);
         clock_get_time(cclock, &mts);
         mach_port_deallocate(mach_task_self(), cclock);
         spec->tv_sec = mts.tv_sec;
         spec->tv_nsec = mts.tv_nsec;
-    } else if (source == JANET_TIME_MONOTONIC) {
-        clock_serv_t cclock;
-        int nsecs;
-        mach_msg_type_number_t count;
-        host_get_clock_service(mach_host_self(), clock, &cclock);
-        clock_get_attributes(cclock, CLOCK_GET_TIME_RES, (clock_attr_t)&nsecs, &count);
-        mach_port_deallocate(mach_task_self(), cclock);
-        clock_getres(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, spec);
-    }
-    if (source == JANET_TIME_CPUTIME) {
-        clock_t tmp = clock();
-        spec->tv_sec = tmp;
-        spec->tv_nsec = (tmp - spec->tv_sec) * 1.0e9;
     }
     return 0;
 }

src/core/util.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -66,42 +66,72 @@
 
 /* Utils */
 uint32_t janet_hash_mix(uint32_t input, uint32_t more);
+
 #define janet_maphash(cap, hash) ((uint32_t)(hash) & (cap - 1))
+
 int janet_valid_utf8(const uint8_t *str, int32_t len);
+
 int janet_is_symbol_char(uint8_t c);
+
 extern const char janet_base64[65];
+
 int32_t janet_array_calchash(const Janet *array, int32_t len);
+
 int32_t janet_kv_calchash(const JanetKV *kvs, int32_t len);
+
 int32_t janet_string_calchash(const uint8_t *str, int32_t len);
+
 int32_t janet_tablen(int32_t n);
+
 void safe_memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t len);
+
 void janet_buffer_push_types(JanetBuffer *buffer, int types);
+
 const JanetKV *janet_dict_find(const JanetKV *buckets, int32_t cap, Janet key);
+
 void janet_memempty(JanetKV *mem, int32_t count);
+
 void *janet_memalloc_empty(int32_t count);
+
 JanetTable *janet_get_core_table(const char *name);
+
 void janet_def_addflags(JanetFuncDef *def);
+
 void janet_buffer_dtostr(JanetBuffer *buffer, double x);
+
 const char *janet_strerror(int e);
+
 const void *janet_strbinsearch(
     const void *tab,
     size_t tabcount,
     size_t itemsize,
     const uint8_t *key);
+
 void janet_buffer_format(
     JanetBuffer *b,
     const char *strfrmt,
     int32_t argstart,
     int32_t argc,
     Janet *argv);
+
 Janet janet_next_impl(Janet ds, Janet key, int is_interpreter);
+
 JanetBinding janet_binding_from_entry(Janet entry);
+
 JanetByteView janet_text_substitution(
     Janet *subst,
     const uint8_t *bytes,
     uint32_t len,
     JanetArray *extra_args);
 
+const JanetKV *janet_dict_find_keyword(
+    const JanetKV *buckets,
+    int32_t cap,
+    const uint8_t *cstr,
+    int32_t cstr_len);
+
+Janet janet_table_get_keyword(JanetTable *t, const char *keyword);
+
 /* Registry functions */
 void janet_registry_put(
     JanetCFunction key,
@@ -167,7 +197,26 @@ typedef void *Clib;
 #endif
 char *get_processed_name(const char *name);
 
+#ifdef JANET_PLAN9
+#define RETRY_EINTR(RC, CALL) (RC) = CALL;
+#else
 #define RETRY_EINTR(RC, CALL) do { (RC) = CALL; } while((RC) < 0 && errno == EINTR)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef JANET_EV
+#ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
+#include <winsock2.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <io.h>
+typedef struct {
+    union {
+        OVERLAPPED overlapped;
+        WSAOVERLAPPED wsaoverlapped;
+    } as;
+    uint32_t bytes_transfered;
+} JanetOverlapped;
+#endif
+#endif
 
 /* Initialize builtin libraries */
 void janet_lib_io(JanetTable *env);
@@ -205,9 +254,9 @@ int janet_make_pipe(JanetHandle handles[2], int mode);
 #ifdef JANET_FILEWATCH
 void janet_lib_filewatch(JanetTable *env);
 #endif
+#endif
 #ifdef JANET_FFI
 void janet_lib_ffi(JanetTable *env);
 #endif
-#endif
 
 #endif

src/core/value.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -322,7 +322,8 @@ int32_t janet_hash(Janet x) {
             break;
         case JANET_TUPLE:
             hash = janet_tuple_hash(janet_unwrap_tuple(x));
-            hash += (janet_tuple_flag(janet_unwrap_tuple(x)) & JANET_TUPLE_FLAG_BRACKETCTOR) ? 1 : 0;
+            uint32_t inc = (janet_tuple_flag(janet_unwrap_tuple(x)) & JANET_TUPLE_FLAG_BRACKETCTOR) ? 1 : 0;
+            hash = (int32_t)((uint32_t)hash + inc); /* avoid overflow undefined behavior */
             break;
         case JANET_STRUCT:
             hash = janet_struct_hash(janet_unwrap_struct(x));
@@ -334,10 +335,9 @@ int32_t janet_hash(Janet x) {
             } as;
             as.d = janet_unwrap_number(x);
             as.d += 0.0; /* normalize negative 0 */
-            uint32_t lo = (uint32_t)(as.u & 0xFFFFFFFF);
+            as.u = murmur64(as.u);
             uint32_t hi = (uint32_t)(as.u >> 32);
-            uint32_t hilo = (hi ^ lo) * 2654435769u;
-            hash = (int32_t)((hilo << 16) | (hilo >> 16));
+            hash = (int32_t)hi;
             break;
         }
         case JANET_ABSTRACT: {
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ Janet janet_in(Janet ds, Janet key) {
                 if (!(type->get)(janet_unwrap_abstract(ds), key, &value))
                     janet_panicf("key %v not found in %v ", key, ds);
             } else {
-                janet_panicf("no getter for %v ", ds);
+                janet_panicf("no getter for %v", ds);
             }
             break;
         }
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ Janet janet_getindex(Janet ds, int32_t index) {
                 if (!(type->get)(janet_unwrap_abstract(ds), janet_wrap_integer(index), &value))
                     value = janet_wrap_nil();
             } else {
-                janet_panicf("no getter for %v ", ds);
+                janet_panicf("no getter for %v", ds);
             }
             break;
         }
@@ -724,6 +724,9 @@ void janet_putindex(Janet ds, int32_t index, Janet value) {
             JanetArray *array = janet_unwrap_array(ds);
             if (index >= array->count) {
                 janet_array_ensure(array, index + 1, 2);
+                for (int32_t i = array->count; i < index + 1; i++) {
+                    array->data[i] = janet_wrap_nil();
+                }
                 array->count = index + 1;
             }
             array->data[index] = value;
@@ -735,6 +738,7 @@ void janet_putindex(Janet ds, int32_t index, Janet value) {
                 janet_panicf("can only put integers in buffers, got %v", value);
             if (index >= buffer->count) {
                 janet_buffer_ensure(buffer, index + 1, 2);
+                memset(buffer->data + buffer->count, 0, index + 1 - buffer->count);
                 buffer->count = index + 1;
             }
             buffer->data[index] = (uint8_t)(janet_unwrap_integer(value) & 0xFF);
@@ -767,7 +771,11 @@ void janet_put(Janet ds, Janet key, Janet value) {
             JanetArray *array = janet_unwrap_array(ds);
             int32_t index = getter_checkint(type, key, INT32_MAX - 1);
             if (index >= array->count) {
-                janet_array_setcount(array, index + 1);
+                janet_array_ensure(array, index + 1, 2);
+                for (int32_t i = array->count; i < index + 1; i++) {
+                    array->data[i] = janet_wrap_nil();
+                }
+                array->count = index + 1;
             }
             array->data[index] = value;
             break;
@@ -778,7 +786,9 @@ void janet_put(Janet ds, Janet key, Janet value) {
             if (!janet_checkint(value))
                 janet_panicf("can only put integers in buffers, got %v", value);
             if (index >= buffer->count) {
-                janet_buffer_setcount(buffer, index + 1);
+                janet_buffer_ensure(buffer, index + 1, 2);
+                memset(buffer->data + buffer->count, 0, index + 1 - buffer->count);
+                buffer->count = index + 1;
             }
             buffer->data[index] = (uint8_t)(janet_unwrap_integer(value) & 0xFF);
             break;

src/core/vector.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/core/vector.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/core/vm.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
 #define vm_maybe_auto_suspend(COND)
 #else
 #define vm_maybe_auto_suspend(COND) do { \
-    if ((COND) && janet_vm.auto_suspend) { \
+    if ((COND) && janet_atomic_load_relaxed(&janet_vm.auto_suspend)) { \
         fiber->flags |= (JANET_FIBER_RESUME_NO_USEVAL | JANET_FIBER_RESUME_NO_SKIP); \
         vm_return(JANET_SIGNAL_INTERRUPT, janet_wrap_nil()); \
     } \
@@ -129,7 +129,9 @@
         if (!janet_checktype(op1, JANET_NUMBER)) {\
             vm_commit();\
             Janet _argv[2] = { op1, janet_wrap_number(CS) };\
-            stack[A] = janet_mcall(#op, 2, _argv);\
+            Janet a = janet_mcall(#op, 2, _argv);\
+            stack = fiber->data + fiber->frame;\
+            stack[A] = a;\
             vm_checkgc_pcnext();\
         } else {\
             double x1 = janet_unwrap_number(op1);\
@@ -143,7 +145,9 @@
         if (!janet_checktype(op1, JANET_NUMBER)) {\
             vm_commit();\
             Janet _argv[2] = { op1, janet_wrap_number(CS) };\
-            stack[A] = janet_mcall(#op, 2, _argv);\
+            Janet a = janet_mcall(#op, 2, _argv);\
+            stack = fiber->data + fiber->frame;\
+            stack[A] = a;\
             vm_checkgc_pcnext();\
         } else {\
             double y1 = janet_unwrap_number(op1);\
@@ -166,7 +170,9 @@
             vm_pcnext();\
         } else {\
             vm_commit();\
-            stack[A] = janet_binop_call(#op, "r" #op, op1, op2);\
+            Janet a = janet_binop_call(#op, "r" #op, op1, op2);\
+            stack = fiber->data + fiber->frame;\
+            stack[A] = a;\
             vm_checkgc_pcnext();\
         }\
     }
@@ -186,7 +192,9 @@
             vm_pcnext();\
         } else {\
             vm_commit();\
-            stack[A] = janet_binop_call(#op, "r" #op, op1, op2);\
+            Janet a = janet_binop_call(#op, "r" #op, op1, op2);\
+            stack = fiber->data + fiber->frame;\
+            stack[A] = a;\
             vm_checkgc_pcnext();\
         }\
     }
@@ -203,7 +211,9 @@
             vm_pcnext();\
         } else {\
             vm_commit();\
-            stack[A] = janet_wrap_boolean(janet_compare(op1, op2) op 0);\
+            Janet a = janet_wrap_boolean(janet_compare(op1, op2) op 0);\
+            stack = fiber->data + fiber->frame;\
+            stack[A] = a;\
             vm_checkgc_pcnext();\
         }\
     }
@@ -217,7 +227,9 @@
             vm_pcnext();\
         } else {\
             vm_commit();\
-            stack[A] = janet_wrap_boolean(janet_compare(op1, janet_wrap_integer(CS)) op 0);\
+            Janet a = janet_wrap_boolean(janet_compare(op1, janet_wrap_integer(CS)) op 0);\
+            stack = fiber->data + fiber->frame;\
+            stack[A] = a;\
             vm_checkgc_pcnext();\
         }\
     }
@@ -710,7 +722,9 @@ static JanetSignal run_vm(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet in) {
             vm_pcnext();
         } else {
             vm_commit();
-            stack[A] = janet_binop_call("div", "rdiv", op1, op2);
+            Janet a = janet_binop_call("div", "rdiv", op1, op2);
+            stack = fiber->data + fiber->frame;
+            stack[A] = a;
             vm_checkgc_pcnext();
         }
     }
@@ -730,7 +744,9 @@ static JanetSignal run_vm(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet in) {
             vm_pcnext();
         } else {
             vm_commit();
-            stack[A] = janet_binop_call("mod", "rmod", op1, op2);
+            Janet a = janet_binop_call("mod", "rmod", op1, op2);
+            stack = fiber->data + fiber->frame;
+            stack[A] = a;
             vm_checkgc_pcnext();
         }
     }
@@ -745,7 +761,9 @@ static JanetSignal run_vm(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet in) {
             vm_pcnext();
         } else {
             vm_commit();
-            stack[A] = janet_binop_call("%", "r%", op1, op2);
+            Janet a = janet_binop_call("%", "r%", op1, op2);
+            stack = fiber->data + fiber->frame;
+            stack[A] = a;
             vm_checkgc_pcnext();
         }
     }
@@ -766,7 +784,9 @@ static JanetSignal run_vm(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet in) {
             vm_pcnext();
         } else {
             vm_commit();
-            stack[A] = janet_unary_call("~", op);
+            Janet a = janet_unary_call("~", op);
+            stack = fiber->data + fiber->frame;
+            stack[A] = a;
             vm_checkgc_pcnext();
         }
     }
@@ -798,14 +818,14 @@ static JanetSignal run_vm(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet in) {
     vm_pcnext();
 
     VM_OP(JOP_JUMP)
-    pc += DS;
     vm_maybe_auto_suspend(DS <= 0);
+    pc += DS;
     vm_next();
 
     VM_OP(JOP_JUMP_IF)
     if (janet_truthy(stack[A])) {
-        pc += ES;
         vm_maybe_auto_suspend(ES <= 0);
+        pc += ES;
     } else {
         pc++;
     }
@@ -815,15 +835,15 @@ static JanetSignal run_vm(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet in) {
     if (janet_truthy(stack[A])) {
         pc++;
     } else {
-        pc += ES;
         vm_maybe_auto_suspend(ES <= 0);
+        pc += ES;
     }
     vm_next();
 
     VM_OP(JOP_JUMP_IF_NIL)
     if (janet_checktype(stack[A], JANET_NIL)) {
-        pc += ES;
         vm_maybe_auto_suspend(ES <= 0);
+        pc += ES;
     } else {
         pc++;
     }
@@ -833,8 +853,8 @@ static JanetSignal run_vm(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet in) {
     if (janet_checktype(stack[A], JANET_NIL)) {
         pc++;
     } else {
-        pc += ES;
         vm_maybe_auto_suspend(ES <= 0);
+        pc += ES;
     }
     vm_next();
 
@@ -872,8 +892,11 @@ static JanetSignal run_vm(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet in) {
     stack[A] = janet_wrap_boolean(!janet_checktype(stack[B], JANET_NUMBER) || (janet_unwrap_number(stack[B]) != (double) CS));
     vm_pcnext();
 
-    VM_OP(JOP_COMPARE)
-    stack[A] = janet_wrap_integer(janet_compare(stack[B], stack[C]));
+    VM_OP(JOP_COMPARE) {
+        Janet a = janet_wrap_integer(janet_compare(stack[B], stack[C]));
+        stack = fiber->data + fiber->frame;
+        stack[A] = a;
+    }
     vm_pcnext();
 
     VM_OP(JOP_NEXT)
@@ -1104,11 +1127,11 @@ static JanetSignal run_vm(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet in) {
         }
         fiber->child = child;
         JanetSignal sig = janet_continue_no_check(child, stack[C], &retreg);
+        stack = fiber->data + fiber->frame;
         if (sig != JANET_SIGNAL_OK && !(child->flags & (1 << sig))) {
             vm_return(sig, retreg);
         }
         fiber->child = NULL;
-        stack = fiber->data + fiber->frame;
         stack[A] = retreg;
         vm_checkgc_pcnext();
     }
@@ -1157,6 +1180,7 @@ static JanetSignal run_vm(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet in) {
     vm_commit();
     fiber->flags |= JANET_FIBER_RESUME_NO_USEVAL;
     janet_put(stack[A], stack[B], stack[C]);
+    stack = fiber->data + fiber->frame;
     fiber->flags &= ~JANET_FIBER_RESUME_NO_USEVAL;
     vm_checkgc_pcnext();
 
@@ -1164,27 +1188,44 @@ static JanetSignal run_vm(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet in) {
     vm_commit();
     fiber->flags |= JANET_FIBER_RESUME_NO_USEVAL;
     janet_putindex(stack[A], C, stack[B]);
+    stack = fiber->data + fiber->frame;
     fiber->flags &= ~JANET_FIBER_RESUME_NO_USEVAL;
     vm_checkgc_pcnext();
 
     VM_OP(JOP_IN)
     vm_commit();
-    stack[A] = janet_in(stack[B], stack[C]);
+    {
+        Janet a = janet_in(stack[B], stack[C]);
+        stack = fiber->data + fiber->frame;
+        stack[A] = a;
+    }
     vm_pcnext();
 
     VM_OP(JOP_GET)
     vm_commit();
-    stack[A] = janet_get(stack[B], stack[C]);
+    {
+        Janet a = janet_get(stack[B], stack[C]);
+        stack = fiber->data + fiber->frame;
+        stack[A] = a;
+    }
     vm_pcnext();
 
     VM_OP(JOP_GET_INDEX)
     vm_commit();
-    stack[A] = janet_getindex(stack[B], C);
+    {
+        Janet a = janet_getindex(stack[B], C);
+        stack = fiber->data + fiber->frame;
+        stack[A] = a;
+    }
     vm_pcnext();
 
     VM_OP(JOP_LENGTH)
     vm_commit();
-    stack[A] = janet_lengthv(stack[E]);
+    {
+        Janet a = janet_lengthv(stack[E]);
+        stack = fiber->data + fiber->frame;
+        stack[A] = a;
+    }
     vm_pcnext();
 
     VM_OP(JOP_MAKE_ARRAY) {
@@ -1373,7 +1414,10 @@ Janet janet_call(JanetFunction *fun, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
 
     /* Run vm */
     janet_vm.fiber->flags |= JANET_FIBER_RESUME_NO_USEVAL | JANET_FIBER_RESUME_NO_SKIP;
+    int old_coerce_error = janet_vm.coerce_error;
+    janet_vm.coerce_error = 1;
     JanetSignal signal = run_vm(janet_vm.fiber, janet_wrap_nil());
+    janet_vm.coerce_error = old_coerce_error;
 
     /* Teardown */
     janet_vm.stackn = oldn;
@@ -1384,6 +1428,15 @@ Janet janet_call(JanetFunction *fun, int32_t argc, const Janet *argv) {
     }
 
     if (signal != JANET_SIGNAL_OK) {
+        /* Should match logic in janet_signalv */
+#ifdef JANET_EV
+        if (janet_vm.root_fiber != NULL && signal == JANET_SIGNAL_EVENT) {
+            janet_vm.root_fiber->sched_id++;
+        }
+#endif
+        if (signal != JANET_SIGNAL_ERROR) {
+            *janet_vm.return_reg = janet_wrap_string(janet_formatc("%v coerced from %s to error", *janet_vm.return_reg, janet_signal_names[signal]));
+        }
         janet_panicv(*janet_vm.return_reg);
     }
 
@@ -1430,8 +1483,10 @@ void janet_try_init(JanetTryState *state) {
     state->vm_fiber = janet_vm.fiber;
     state->vm_jmp_buf = janet_vm.signal_buf;
     state->vm_return_reg = janet_vm.return_reg;
+    state->coerce_error = janet_vm.coerce_error;
     janet_vm.return_reg = &(state->payload);
     janet_vm.signal_buf = &(state->buf);
+    janet_vm.coerce_error = 0;
 }
 
 void janet_restore(JanetTryState *state) {
@@ -1440,6 +1495,7 @@ void janet_restore(JanetTryState *state) {
     janet_vm.fiber = state->vm_fiber;
     janet_vm.signal_buf = state->vm_jmp_buf;
     janet_vm.return_reg = state->vm_return_reg;
+    janet_vm.coerce_error = state->coerce_error;
 }
 
 static JanetSignal janet_continue_no_check(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet in, Janet *out) {
@@ -1503,6 +1559,15 @@ static JanetSignal janet_continue_no_check(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet in, Janet *o
         }
     }
 
+    /* If this is a nested continue (root_fiber already set), root the fiber
+     * so it survives GC. janet_collect only marks root_fiber, so without
+     * this a nested fiber (e.g., from janet_pcall in a C function) would be
+     * invisible to GC and could be collected while actively running. */
+    int fiber_rooted = (janet_vm.root_fiber != NULL);
+    if (fiber_rooted) {
+        janet_gcroot(janet_wrap_fiber(fiber));
+    }
+
     /* Save global state */
     JanetTryState tstate;
     JanetSignal sig = janet_try(&tstate);
@@ -1518,6 +1583,9 @@ static JanetSignal janet_continue_no_check(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet in, Janet *o
     if (janet_vm.root_fiber == fiber) janet_vm.root_fiber = NULL;
     janet_fiber_set_status(fiber, sig);
     janet_restore(&tstate);
+    if (fiber_rooted) {
+        janet_gcunroot(janet_wrap_fiber(fiber));
+    }
     fiber->last_value = tstate.payload;
     *out = tstate.payload;
 

src/core/wrap.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

src/include/janet.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -67,11 +67,21 @@ extern "C" {
 #define JANET_LINUX 1
 #endif
 
+/* Check for Android */
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+#define JANET_ANDROID 1
+#endif
+
 /* Check for Cygwin */
 #if defined(__CYGWIN__)
 #define JANET_CYGWIN 1
 #endif
 
+/* Check for Illumos */
+#if defined(__illumos__)
+#define JANET_ILLUMOS 1
+#endif
+
 /* Check Unix */
 #if defined(_AIX) \
     || defined(__APPLE__) /* Darwin */ \
@@ -111,6 +121,7 @@ extern "C" {
     || (defined(__sparc__) && defined(__arch64__) || defined (__sparcv9)) /* BE */ \
     || defined(__s390x__) /* S390 64-bit (BE) */ \
     || (defined(__ppc64__) || defined(__PPC64__)) \
+    || defined(PLAN9_arm64) || defined(PLAN9_amd64) \
     || defined(__aarch64__) /* ARM 64-bit */ \
     || (defined(__riscv) && (__riscv_xlen == 64)) /* RISC-V 64-bit */ \
     || defined(__loongarch64) /* LoongArch64 64-bit */
@@ -137,6 +148,7 @@ extern "C" {
     || defined(__s390x__) /* S390 64-bit */ \
     || defined(__s390__)  /* S390 32-bit */ \
     || defined(__ARMEB__) /* ARM big endian */ \
+    || defined(__AARCH64EB__) /* ARM64 big endian */ \
     || ((defined(__CC_ARM) || defined(__ARMCC__)) /* ARM RealView compiler */ \
         && defined(__BIG_ENDIAN))
 #define JANET_BIG_ENDIAN 1
@@ -157,7 +169,7 @@ extern "C" {
 #endif
 
 /* Check sun */
-#ifdef __sun
+#if defined(__sun) && !defined(JANET_ILLUMOS)
 #define JANET_NO_UTC_MKTIME
 #endif
 
@@ -165,14 +177,12 @@ extern "C" {
 /* Also enable the thread library only if not single-threaded */
 #ifdef JANET_SINGLE_THREADED
 #define JANET_THREAD_LOCAL
-#undef JANET_THREADS
-#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#elif !(defined(JANET_THREAD_LOCAL)) && defined(__GNUC__)
 #define JANET_THREAD_LOCAL __thread
-#elif defined(_MSC_BUILD)
+#elif !(defined(JANET_THREAD_LOCAL)) && defined(_MSC_BUILD)
 #define JANET_THREAD_LOCAL __declspec(thread)
-#else
+#elif !(defined(JANET_THREAD_LOCAL))
 #define JANET_THREAD_LOCAL
-#undef JANET_THREADS
 #endif
 
 /* Enable or disable dynamic module loading. Enabled by default. */
@@ -591,6 +601,7 @@ typedef void *JanetAbstract;
 #define JANET_STREAM_WRITABLE 0x400
 #define JANET_STREAM_ACCEPTABLE 0x800
 #define JANET_STREAM_UDPSERVER 0x1000
+#define JANET_STREAM_NOT_CLOSEABLE 0x2000
 #define JANET_STREAM_TOCLOSE 0x10000
 
 typedef enum {
@@ -657,12 +668,15 @@ JANET_API void janet_stream_level_triggered(JanetStream *stream);
  * signals. Define them here */
 #ifdef JANET_WINDOWS
 typedef long JanetAtomicInt;
+#elif defined(JANET_PLAN9)
+typedef long JanetAtomicInt;
 #else
 typedef int32_t JanetAtomicInt;
 #endif
 JANET_API JanetAtomicInt janet_atomic_inc(JanetAtomicInt volatile *x);
 JANET_API JanetAtomicInt janet_atomic_dec(JanetAtomicInt volatile *x);
 JANET_API JanetAtomicInt janet_atomic_load(JanetAtomicInt volatile *x);
+JANET_API JanetAtomicInt janet_atomic_load_relaxed(JanetAtomicInt volatile *x);
 
 /* We provide three possible implementations of Janets. The preferred
  * nanboxing approach, for 32 or 64 bits, and the standard C version. Code in the rest of the
@@ -1060,6 +1074,7 @@ struct JanetAbstractHead {
 #define JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASSOURCEMAP 0x800000
 #define JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_STRUCTARG 0x1000000
 #define JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_HASCLOBITSET 0x2000000
+#define JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_NAMEDARGS 0x4000000
 #define JANET_FUNCDEF_FLAG_TAG 0xFFFF
 
 /* Source mapping structure for a bytecode instruction */
@@ -1101,6 +1116,7 @@ struct JanetFuncDef {
     int32_t environments_length;
     int32_t defs_length;
     int32_t symbolmap_length;
+    int32_t named_args_count;
 };
 
 /* A function environment */
@@ -1124,9 +1140,21 @@ struct JanetFunction {
     JanetFuncEnv *envs[];
 };
 
+/* Use to read Janet data structures into memory from source code */
 typedef struct JanetParseState JanetParseState;
 typedef struct JanetParser JanetParser;
 
+typedef int (*Consumer)(JanetParser *p, JanetParseState *state, uint8_t c);
+
+struct JanetParseState {
+    int32_t counter;
+    int32_t argn;
+    int flags;
+    size_t line;
+    size_t column;
+    Consumer consumer;
+};
+
 enum JanetParserStatus {
     JANET_PARSE_ROOT,
     JANET_PARSE_ERROR,
@@ -1162,7 +1190,10 @@ typedef struct {
     const JanetAbstractType *at;
 } JanetMarshalContext;
 
-/* Defines an abstract type */
+/* Defines an abstract type. Use a const pointer to one of these structures
+ * when creating abstract types. The memory for this pointer should not be free
+ * until after janet_deinit is called. Usually, this means declaring JanetAbstractType's
+ * as const data at file scope, and creating instances with janet_abstract(&MyType, sizeof(MyTypeStruct)); */
 struct JanetAbstractType {
     const char *name;
     int (*gc)(void *data, size_t len);
@@ -1178,6 +1209,7 @@ struct JanetAbstractType {
     Janet(*call)(void *p, int32_t argc, Janet *argv);
     size_t (*length)(void *p, size_t len);
     JanetByteView(*bytes)(void *p, size_t len);
+    int (*gcperthread)(void *data, size_t len);
 };
 
 /* Some macros to let us add extra types to JanetAbstract types without
@@ -1197,7 +1229,8 @@ struct JanetAbstractType {
 #define JANET_ATEND_NEXT        NULL,JANET_ATEND_CALL
 #define JANET_ATEND_CALL        NULL,JANET_ATEND_LENGTH
 #define JANET_ATEND_LENGTH      NULL,JANET_ATEND_BYTES
-#define JANET_ATEND_BYTES
+#define JANET_ATEND_BYTES       NULL,JANET_ATEND_GCPERTHREAD
+#define JANET_ATEND_GCPERTHREAD
 
 struct JanetReg {
     const char *name;
@@ -1248,6 +1281,7 @@ typedef struct JanetFile JanetFile;
 struct JanetFile {
     FILE *file;
     int32_t flags;
+    size_t vbufsize;
 };
 
 /* For janet_try and janet_restore */
@@ -1261,6 +1295,7 @@ typedef struct {
     /* new state */
     jmp_buf buf;
     Janet payload;
+    int coerce_error;
 } JanetTryState;
 
 /***** END SECTION TYPES *****/
@@ -1411,6 +1446,7 @@ JANET_API void janet_loop(void);
  *     } else {
  *       janet_schedule(interrupted_fiber, janet_wrap_nil());
  *     }
+ *     janet_interpreter_interrupt_handled(NULL);
  *   }
  * }
  *
@@ -1450,18 +1486,27 @@ JANET_API void janet_ev_dec_refcount(void);
 JANET_API void *janet_abstract_begin_threaded(const JanetAbstractType *atype, size_t size);
 JANET_API void *janet_abstract_end_threaded(void *x);
 JANET_API void *janet_abstract_threaded(const JanetAbstractType *atype, size_t size);
+
+/* Allow reference counting on threaded abstract types. This is useful when external code , either
+ * in the current OS thread or in a different OS thread, takes a pointer to this abstract type. The programmer
+ * should tncrement the reference count when taking the pointer, and then decrement and possibly cleanup and free
+ * if the reference count is 0. */
 JANET_API int32_t janet_abstract_incref(void *abst);
 JANET_API int32_t janet_abstract_decref(void *abst);
 
+/* If this returns 0, *abst will be deinitialized and freed. Useful shorthand if there is no other cleanup for
+ * this abstract type before calling `janet_free` on it's backing memory. */
+JANET_API int32_t janet_abstract_decref_maybe_free(void *abst);
+
 /* Expose channel utilities */
-JanetChannel *janet_channel_make(uint32_t limit);
-JanetChannel *janet_channel_make_threaded(uint32_t limit);
-JanetChannel *janet_getchannel(const Janet *argv, int32_t n);
-JanetChannel *janet_optchannel(const Janet *argv, int32_t argc, int32_t n, JanetChannel *dflt);
+JANET_API JanetChannel *janet_channel_make(uint32_t limit);
+JANET_API JanetChannel *janet_channel_make_threaded(uint32_t limit);
+JANET_API JanetChannel *janet_getchannel(const Janet *argv, int32_t n);
+JANET_API JanetChannel *janet_optchannel(const Janet *argv, int32_t argc, int32_t n, JanetChannel *dflt);
 JANET_API int janet_channel_give(JanetChannel *channel, Janet x);
 JANET_API int janet_channel_take(JanetChannel *channel, Janet *out);
 
-/* Expose some OS sync primitives */
+/* Expose some OS sync primitives - mutexes and reader-writer locks */
 JANET_API size_t janet_os_mutex_size(void);
 JANET_API size_t janet_os_rwlock_size(void);
 JANET_API void janet_os_mutex_init(JanetOSMutex *mutex);
@@ -1529,7 +1574,8 @@ JANET_API void janet_ev_post_event(JanetVM *vm, JanetCallback cb, JanetEVGeneric
 /* Callback used by janet_ev_threaded_await */
 JANET_API void janet_ev_default_threaded_callback(JanetEVGenericMessage return_value);
 
-/* Read async from a stream */
+/* Read async from a stream. These function yield to the event-loop with janet_await(), and so do not return.
+ * When the fiber is resumed, the fiber will simply continue to the next Janet abstract machine instruction. */
 JANET_NO_RETURN JANET_API void janet_ev_read(JanetStream *stream, JanetBuffer *buf, int32_t nbytes);
 JANET_NO_RETURN JANET_API void janet_ev_readchunk(JanetStream *stream, JanetBuffer *buf, int32_t nbytes);
 #ifdef JANET_NET
@@ -1538,7 +1584,8 @@ JANET_NO_RETURN JANET_API void janet_ev_recvchunk(JanetStream *stream, JanetBuff
 JANET_NO_RETURN JANET_API void janet_ev_recvfrom(JanetStream *stream, JanetBuffer *buf, int32_t nbytes, int flags);
 #endif
 
-/* Write async to a stream */
+/* Write async to a stream. These function yield to the event-loop with janet_await(), and so do not return.
+ * When the fiber is resumed, the fiber will simply continue to the next Janet abstract machine instruction. */
 JANET_NO_RETURN JANET_API void janet_ev_write_buffer(JanetStream *stream, JanetBuffer *buf);
 JANET_NO_RETURN JANET_API void janet_ev_write_string(JanetStream *stream, JanetString str);
 #ifdef JANET_NET
@@ -1550,17 +1597,63 @@ JANET_NO_RETURN JANET_API void janet_ev_sendto_string(JanetStream *stream, Janet
 
 #endif
 
-/* Parsing */
+/* Parsing.
+ *
+ * E.g.
+ *
+ * JanetParser parser;
+ * janet_parser_init(&parser);
+ * for (int i = 0; i < source_code_length + 1; i++) {
+ *   if (i >= source_code_length) {
+ *     janet_parser_eof(&parser);
+ *   } else {
+ *     janet_parser_consume(&parser, source_code[i]);
+ *   }
+ *   while (janet_parser_has_more(&parser)) {
+ *      Janet x = janet_parser_produce(&parser);
+ *      janet_printf("got value: %v\n", x);
+ *   }
+ *   switch (janet_parser_status(&parser)) {
+ *      case JANET_PARSE_PENDING: break;
+ *      case JANET_PARSE_ERROR: janet_eprintf("error: %s\n", janet_parser_error(&parser)); break;
+ *      case JANET_PARSE_ROOT: break;
+ *      case JANET_PARSE_DEAD: break;
+ *   }
+ * }
+ * janet_parser_deinit(&parser);
+ *
+ * */
 extern JANET_API const JanetAbstractType janet_parser_type;
+
+/* Construct/destruct a parser. Parsers can be allocated on the stack or the heap. */
 JANET_API void janet_parser_init(JanetParser *parser);
 JANET_API void janet_parser_deinit(JanetParser *parser);
+
+/* Feed bytes into the parser. Check the parser state after every byte to handle errors. */
 JANET_API void janet_parser_consume(JanetParser *parser, uint8_t c);
+
+/* Check the current status of the parser */
 JANET_API enum JanetParserStatus janet_parser_status(JanetParser *parser);
+
+/* Produce a value from the parser. Call this when janet_parser_has_more(&parser) is non-zero. */
 JANET_API Janet janet_parser_produce(JanetParser *parser);
+
+/* Produce a value from the parser, wrapped in a tuple. The tuple is used to carry the source mapping information of the
+ * top level form, such as a line number or symbol. */
 JANET_API Janet janet_parser_produce_wrapped(JanetParser *parser);
+
+/* When there is an error while parsing (janet_parser_status(&parser) == JANET_PARSE_ERROR), get a nice error string.
+ * Calling this will also flush the parser. */
 JANET_API const char *janet_parser_error(JanetParser *parser);
+
+/* If there is a parsing error, flush the parser to set the state back to empty.
+ * This allows for better error recover and less confusing error messages on bad syntax deep inside nested data structures. */
 JANET_API void janet_parser_flush(JanetParser *parser);
+
+/* Indicate that there is no more source code */
 JANET_API void janet_parser_eof(JanetParser *parser);
+
+/* If non-zero, the parser has values ready to be produced. */
 JANET_API int janet_parser_has_more(JanetParser *parser);
 
 /* Assembly */
@@ -1604,7 +1697,13 @@ JANET_API JanetCompileResult janet_compile_lint(
 JANET_API JanetTable *janet_core_env(JanetTable *replacements);
 JANET_API JanetTable *janet_core_lookup_table(JanetTable *replacements);
 
-/* Execute strings */
+/* Execute strings.
+ *
+ * These functions wrap parsing, compilation, and evalutation into convenient functions.
+ * */
+#define JANET_DO_ERROR_RUNTIME 0x01
+#define JANET_DO_ERROR_COMPILE 0x02
+#define JANET_DO_ERROR_PARSE 0x04
 JANET_API int janet_dobytes(JanetTable *env, const uint8_t *bytes, int32_t len, const char *sourcePath, Janet *out);
 JANET_API int janet_dostring(JanetTable *env, const char *str, const char *sourcePath, Janet *out);
 
@@ -1795,21 +1894,41 @@ JANET_API JanetTable *janet_env_lookup(JanetTable *env);
 JANET_API void janet_env_lookup_into(JanetTable *renv, JanetTable *env, const char *prefix, int recurse);
 
 /* GC */
-JANET_API void janet_mark(Janet x);
-JANET_API void janet_sweep(void);
+
+/* The main interface to garbage collection. Call this to do a full mark and sweep cleanup. */
 JANET_API void janet_collect(void);
-JANET_API void janet_clear_memory(void);
+
+/* Add "roots" to the garbage collector to prevent the runtime from freeing objects.
+ * This is only needed if code outside of Janet keeps references to Janet values */
 JANET_API void janet_gcroot(Janet root);
 JANET_API int janet_gcunroot(Janet root);
-JANET_API int janet_gcunrootall(Janet root);
+
+/* Allow disabling garbage collection temporarily or for certain sections of code.
+ * this is a very cheap operation. */
 JANET_API int janet_gclock(void);
 JANET_API void janet_gcunlock(int handle);
+
+/* The mark and sweep components of the mark and sweep collector. Prefer using janet_collect directly. */
+JANET_API void janet_mark(Janet x);
+JANET_API void janet_sweep(void);
+
+/* Clear all gced memory and call all destructors. Used as part of the standard cleanup routune, most programmers will not need this. */
+JANET_API void janet_clear_memory(void);
+
+/* Remove all GC roots. Used as part of the standard cleanup routine, most programmers will not need this. */
+JANET_API int janet_gcunrootall(Janet root);
+
+/* Hint to the collector that memory of size s was just allocated to help it better understand when to free memory. */
 JANET_API void janet_gcpressure(size_t s);
 
 /* Functions */
 JANET_API JanetFuncDef *janet_funcdef_alloc(void);
 JANET_API JanetFunction *janet_thunk(JanetFuncDef *def);
+
+/* Get a function that when called with no args, will return x. */
 JANET_API JanetFunction *janet_thunk_delay(Janet x);
+
+/* Do some simple verfification on constructed bytecode to disallow any trivial incorrect bytecode. */
 JANET_API int janet_verify(JanetFuncDef *def);
 
 /* Pretty printing */
@@ -1858,7 +1977,7 @@ JANET_API void janet_vm_free(JanetVM *vm);
 JANET_API void janet_vm_save(JanetVM *into);
 JANET_API void janet_vm_load(JanetVM *from);
 JANET_API void janet_interpreter_interrupt(JanetVM *vm);
-JANET_API void janet_interpreter_interrupt_handled(JanetVM *vm);
+JANET_API void janet_interpreter_interrupt_handled(JanetVM *vm); /* Call this after running interrupt handler */
 JANET_API JanetSignal janet_continue(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet in, Janet *out);
 JANET_API JanetSignal janet_continue_signal(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet in, Janet *out, JanetSignal sig);
 JANET_API JanetSignal janet_pcall(JanetFunction *fun, int32_t argn, const Janet *argv, Janet *out, JanetFiber **f);
@@ -1883,9 +2002,14 @@ JANET_API void janet_stacktrace_ext(JanetFiber *fiber, Janet err, const char *pr
 #define JANET_SANDBOX_FFI_USE 2048
 #define JANET_SANDBOX_FFI_JIT 4096
 #define JANET_SANDBOX_SIGNAL 8192
+#define JANET_SANDBOX_CHROOT 16384
 #define JANET_SANDBOX_FFI (JANET_SANDBOX_FFI_DEFINE | JANET_SANDBOX_FFI_USE | JANET_SANDBOX_FFI_JIT)
 #define JANET_SANDBOX_FS (JANET_SANDBOX_FS_WRITE | JANET_SANDBOX_FS_READ | JANET_SANDBOX_FS_TEMP)
 #define JANET_SANDBOX_NET (JANET_SANDBOX_NET_CONNECT | JANET_SANDBOX_NET_LISTEN)
+#define JANET_SANDBOX_COMPILE 32768
+#define JANET_SANDBOX_ASM 65536
+#define JANET_SANDBOX_THREADS 131072
+#define JANET_SANDBOX_UNMARSHAL 262144
 #define JANET_SANDBOX_ALL (UINT32_MAX)
 JANET_API void janet_sandbox(uint32_t flags);
 JANET_API void janet_sandbox_assert(uint32_t forbidden_flags);
@@ -1930,7 +2054,14 @@ JANET_API JanetBinding janet_resolve_ext(JanetTable *env, JanetSymbol sym);
 /* Get values from the core environment. */
 JANET_API Janet janet_resolve_core(const char *name);
 
-/* New C API */
+/* New C API
+ *
+ * The "New" C API is intended to make constructing good documentation and source maps
+ * much more straightforward. This not only ensures doc strings for functions in native
+ * modules, it also add source code mapping for C functions so that programmers can see which
+ * file and line a native function that calls janet_panic came from.
+ *
+ * */
 
 /* Shorthand for janet C function declarations */
 #define JANET_CFUN(name) Janet name (int32_t argc, Janet *argv)
@@ -2085,6 +2216,8 @@ JANET_API int32_t janet_optinteger(const Janet *argv, int32_t argc, int32_t n, i
 JANET_API int64_t janet_optinteger64(const Janet *argv, int32_t argc, int32_t n, int64_t dflt);
 JANET_API size_t janet_optsize(const Janet *argv, int32_t argc, int32_t n, size_t dflt);
 JANET_API JanetAbstract janet_optabstract(const Janet *argv, int32_t argc, int32_t n, const JanetAbstractType *at, JanetAbstract dflt);
+JANET_API uint32_t janet_optuinteger(const Janet *argv, int32_t argc, int32_t n, uint32_t dflt);
+JANET_API uint64_t janet_optuinteger64(const Janet *argv, int32_t argc, int32_t n, uint64_t dflt);
 
 /* Mutable optional types specify a size default, and construct a new value if none is provided */
 JANET_API JanetBuffer *janet_optbuffer(const Janet *argv, int32_t argc, int32_t n, int32_t dflt_len);
@@ -2181,10 +2314,13 @@ typedef enum {
     RULE_UNREF,        /* [rule, tag] */
     RULE_CAPTURE_NUM,  /* [rule, tag] */
     RULE_SUB,          /* [rule, rule] */
+    RULE_TIL,          /* [rule, rule] */
     RULE_SPLIT,        /* [rule, rule] */
     RULE_NTH,          /* [nth, rule, tag] */
     RULE_ONLY_TAGS,    /* [rule] */
-} JanetPegOpcod;
+    RULE_MATCHSPLICE,  /* [rule, constant, tag] */
+    RULE_DEBUG,        /* [] */
+} JanetPegOpcode;
 
 typedef struct {
     uint32_t *bytecode;

src/mainclient/shell.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 #include <janet.h>
 #include <errno.h>
+#include <assert.h>
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #include <windows.h>
@@ -79,9 +80,11 @@ static void simpleline(JanetBuffer *buffer) {
     int c;
     for (;;) {
         c = fgetc(in);
+#ifndef JANET_PLAN9
         if (c < 0 && !feof(in) && errno == EINTR) {
             continue;
         }
+#endif
         if (feof(in) || c < 0) {
             break;
         }
@@ -110,6 +113,8 @@ static JANET_THREAD_LOCAL int gbl_historyi = 0;
 static JANET_THREAD_LOCAL JanetByteView gbl_matches[JANET_MATCH_MAX];
 static JANET_THREAD_LOCAL int gbl_match_count = 0;
 static JANET_THREAD_LOCAL int gbl_lines_below = 0;
+static JANET_THREAD_LOCAL int gbl_history_loaded = 0;
+static JANET_THREAD_LOCAL char *gbl_history_file = NULL;
 #endif
 
 /* Fallback */
@@ -307,7 +312,9 @@ static int curpos(void) {
     char buf[32];
     int cols, rows;
     unsigned int i = 0;
+#ifndef JANET_PLAN9
     if (write_console("\x1b[6n", 4) != 4) return -1;
+#endif
     while (i < sizeof(buf) - 1) {
         if (read_console(buf + i, 1) != 1) break;
         if (buf[i] == 'R') break;
@@ -356,33 +363,52 @@ static void clear(void) {
     }
 }
 
+static int getplen(void) {
+    int _plen = gbl_plen;
+    /* Ensure at least 16 characters of data entry; */
+    while (_plen && (_plen + 16 > gbl_cols)) {
+        _plen--;
+    }
+    return _plen;
+}
+
 static void refresh(void) {
     char seq[64];
     JanetBuffer b;
 
+    /* If prompt is too long, truncate */
+    int _plen = getplen();
+
     /* Keep cursor position on screen */
     char *_buf = gbl_buf;
     int _len = gbl_len;
     int _pos = gbl_pos;
-    while ((gbl_plen + _pos) >= gbl_cols) {
+
+    while ((_plen + _pos) >= gbl_cols) {
         _buf++;
         _len--;
         _pos--;
     }
-    while ((gbl_plen + _len) > gbl_cols) {
+
+    while ((_plen + _len) > gbl_cols) {
         _len--;
     }
 
+
     janet_buffer_init(&b, 0);
     /* Cursor to left edge, gbl_prompt and buffer */
     janet_buffer_push_u8(&b, '\r');
-    janet_buffer_push_cstring(&b, gbl_prompt);
-    janet_buffer_push_bytes(&b, (uint8_t *) _buf, _len);
+    janet_buffer_push_bytes(&b, (const uint8_t *) gbl_prompt, _plen);
+    if (_len > 0) {
+        janet_buffer_push_bytes(&b, (uint8_t *) _buf, _len);
+    }
     /* Erase to right */
-    janet_buffer_push_cstring(&b, "\x1b[0K");
+    janet_buffer_push_cstring(&b, "\x1b[0K\r");
     /* Move cursor to original position. */
-    snprintf(seq, 64, "\r\x1b[%dC", (int)(_pos + gbl_plen));
-    janet_buffer_push_cstring(&b, seq);
+    if (_pos + _plen) {
+        snprintf(seq, 64, "\x1b[%dC", (int)(_pos + _plen));
+        janet_buffer_push_cstring(&b, seq);
+    }
     if (write_console((char *) b.data, b.count) == -1) {
         exit(1);
     }
@@ -406,7 +432,8 @@ static int insert(char c, int draw) {
             gbl_buf[gbl_pos++] = c;
             gbl_buf[++gbl_len] = '\0';
             if (draw) {
-                if (gbl_plen + gbl_len < gbl_cols) {
+                int _plen = getplen();
+                if (_plen + gbl_len < gbl_cols) {
                     /* Avoid a full update of the line in the
                      * trivial case. */
                     if (write_console(&c, 1) == -1) return -1;
@@ -424,6 +451,63 @@ static int insert(char c, int draw) {
     return 0;
 }
 
+static void calc_history_file(void) {
+    char *hist = getenv("JANET_HISTFILE");
+    if (hist != NULL) {
+        gbl_history_file = sdup(hist);
+    } else {
+        gbl_history_file = NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+static void loadhistory(void) {
+    if (gbl_history_loaded) return;
+    calc_history_file();
+    gbl_history_loaded = 1;
+    if (NULL == gbl_history_file) return;
+    FILE *history_file = fopen(gbl_history_file, "rb");
+    if (NULL == history_file) return;
+    JanetParser p;
+    janet_parser_init(&p);
+    int c = 0;
+    while ((c = fgetc(history_file))) {
+        if (c == EOF) {
+            janet_parser_eof(&p);
+        } else {
+            janet_parser_consume(&p, c);
+        }
+
+        while (janet_parser_has_more(&p) && gbl_history_count < JANET_HISTORY_MAX) {
+            if (janet_parser_status(&p) == JANET_PARSE_ERROR) {
+                janet_eprintf("bad history file: %s\n", janet_parser_error(&p));
+                goto parsing_done;
+            }
+            Janet x = janet_parser_produce(&p);
+            const char *cstr = (const char *) janet_to_string(x);
+            if (cstr[0]) { /* Drop empty strings */
+                gbl_history[gbl_history_count++] = sdup(cstr);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (c == EOF) break;
+    }
+parsing_done:
+    janet_parser_deinit(&p);
+    gbl_historyi = 0;
+    fclose(history_file);
+}
+
+static void savehistory(void) {
+    if (gbl_history_count < 1 || (gbl_history_file == NULL)) return;
+    FILE *history_file = fopen(gbl_history_file, "wb");
+    for (int i = 0; i < gbl_history_count; i++) {
+        if (gbl_history[i][0]) { /* Drop empty strings */
+            janet_dynprintf(NULL, history_file, "%j\n", janet_cstringv(gbl_history[i]));
+        }
+    }
+    fclose(history_file);
+}
+
 static void historymove(int delta) {
     if (gbl_history_count > 1) {
         janet_free(gbl_history[gbl_historyi]);
@@ -860,11 +944,12 @@ static int line() {
     gbl_len = 0;
     gbl_pos = 0;
     while (gbl_prompt[gbl_plen]) gbl_plen++;
+    int _plen = getplen();
     gbl_buf[0] = '\0';
 
     addhistory();
 
-    if (write_console((char *) gbl_prompt, gbl_plen) == -1) return -1;
+    if (write_console((char *) gbl_prompt, _plen) == -1) return -1;
     for (;;) {
         char c;
         char seq[5];
@@ -890,6 +975,7 @@ static int line() {
             case 3:     /* ctrl-c */
                 clearlines();
                 norawmode();
+                savehistory();
 #ifdef _WIN32
                 ExitProcess(1);
 #else
@@ -1083,17 +1169,21 @@ void janet_line_init() {
 }
 
 void janet_line_deinit() {
-    int i;
     norawmode();
-    for (i = 0; i < gbl_history_count; i++)
+    for (int i = 0; i < gbl_history_count; i++)
         janet_free(gbl_history[i]);
     gbl_historyi = 0;
+    if (gbl_history_file) {
+        janet_free(gbl_history_file);
+        gbl_history_file = NULL;
+    }
 }
 
 void janet_line_get(const char *p, JanetBuffer *buffer) {
     gbl_prompt = p;
     buffer->count = 0;
     gbl_historyi = 0;
+    loadhistory();
     if (check_simpleline(buffer)) return;
     FILE *out = janet_dynfile("err", stderr);
     if (line()) {
@@ -1129,6 +1219,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     JanetArray *args;
     JanetTable *env;
 
+#ifdef JANET_PLAN9
+    setfcr(0);
+#endif
+
 #ifdef _WIN32
     setup_console_output();
 #endif
@@ -1184,6 +1278,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     status = janet_loop_fiber(fiber);
 
     /* Deinitialize vm */
+
+#if !defined(JANET_SIMPLE_GETLINE)
+    savehistory();
+#endif
     janet_deinit();
     janet_line_deinit();
 

test/amalg/main.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+* Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

test/c/test-gc-pcall.c

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+ * Test that GC does not collect fibers during janet_pcall.
+ *
+ * Bug: janet_collect() marks janet_vm.root_fiber but not janet_vm.fiber.
+ * When janet_pcall is called from a C function, the inner fiber becomes
+ * janet_vm.fiber while root_fiber still points to the outer fiber. If GC
+ * triggers inside the inner fiber's execution, the inner fiber is not in
+ * any GC root set and can be collected — including its stack memory —
+ * while it is actively running.
+ *
+ * Two tests:
+ *   1. Single nesting: F1 -> C func -> janet_pcall -> F2
+ *      F2 is not marked (it's janet_vm.fiber but not root_fiber)
+ *   2. Deep nesting: F1 -> C func -> janet_pcall -> F2 -> C func -> janet_pcall -> F3
+ *      F2 is not marked (saved only in a C stack local tstate.vm_fiber)
+ *
+ * Build (after building janet):
+ *   cc -o build/test-gc-pcall test/test-gc-pcall.c \
+ *      -Isrc/include -Isrc/conf build/libjanet.a -lm -lpthread -ldl
+ *
+ * Run:
+ *   ./build/test-gc-pcall
+ */
+
+#include "janet.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+/* C function that calls a Janet callback via janet_pcall. */
+static Janet cfun_call_via_pcall(int32_t argc, Janet *argv) {
+    janet_fixarity(argc, 1);
+    JanetFunction *fn = janet_getfunction(argv, 0);
+
+    Janet result;
+    JanetFiber *fiber = NULL;
+    JanetSignal sig = janet_pcall(fn, 0, NULL, &result, &fiber);
+
+    if (sig != JANET_SIGNAL_OK) {
+        janet_panicv(result);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+static int run_test(JanetTable *env, const char *name, const char *source) {
+    printf("  %s... ", name);
+    fflush(stdout);
+    Janet result;
+    int status = janet_dostring(env, source, name, &result);
+    if (status != 0) {
+        printf("FAIL (crashed or errored)\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    printf("PASS\n");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* Test 1: Single nesting.
+ * F1 -> cfun_call_via_pcall -> janet_pcall -> F2
+ * F2 is janet_vm.fiber but not root_fiber, so GC can collect it.
+ *
+ * All allocations are done in Janet code so GC checks trigger in the
+ * VM loop (janet_gcalloc does NOT call janet_collect — only the VM's
+ * vm_checkgc_next does). */
+static const char test_single[] =
+    "(gcsetinterval 1024)\n"
+    "(def cb\n"
+    "  (do\n"
+    "    (def captured @{:key \"value\" :nested @[1 2 3 4 5]})\n"
+    "    (fn []\n"
+    "      (var result nil)\n"
+    "      (for i 0 500\n"
+    "        (def t @{:i i :s (string \"iter-\" i) :arr @[i (+ i 1) (+ i 2)]})\n"
+    "        (set result (get captured :key)))\n"
+    "      result)))\n"
+    "(for round 0 200\n"
+    "  (def result (call-via-pcall cb))\n"
+    "  (assert (= result \"value\")\n"
+    "    (string \"round \" round \": expected 'value', got \" (describe result))))\n";
+
+/* Test 2: Deep nesting.
+ * F1 -> cfun_call_via_pcall -> janet_pcall -> F2 -> cfun_call_via_pcall -> janet_pcall -> F3
+ * F2 is saved only in C stack local tstate.vm_fiber, invisible to GC.
+ * F2's stack data can be freed if F2 is collected during F3's execution.
+ *
+ * The inner callback allocates in Janet code (not C) to ensure the
+ * VM loop triggers GC checks during F3's execution. */
+static const char test_deep[] =
+    "(gcsetinterval 1024)\n"
+    "(def inner-cb\n"
+    "  (do\n"
+    "    (def captured @{:key \"deep\" :nested @[10 20 30]})\n"
+    "    (fn []\n"
+    "      (var result nil)\n"
+    "      (for i 0 500\n"
+    "        (def t @{:i i :s (string \"iter-\" i) :arr @[i (+ i 1) (+ i 2)]})\n"
+    "        (set result (get captured :key)))\n"
+    "      result)))\n"
+    "\n"
+    "(def outer-cb\n"
+    "  (do\n"
+    "    (def state @{:count 0 :data @[\"a\" \"b\" \"c\" \"d\" \"e\"]})\n"
+    "    (fn []\n"
+    "      # This runs on F2. Calling call-via-pcall here creates F3.\n"
+    "      # F2 becomes unreachable: it's not root_fiber (that's F1)\n"
+    "      # and it's no longer janet_vm.fiber (that's now F3).\n"
+    "      (def inner-result (call-via-pcall inner-cb))\n"
+    "      # If F2 was collected during F3's execution, accessing\n"
+    "      # state here reads freed memory.\n"
+    "      (put state :count (+ (state :count) 1))\n"
+    "      (string inner-result \"-\" (state :count)))))\n"
+    "\n"
+    "(for round 0 200\n"
+    "  (def result (call-via-pcall outer-cb))\n"
+    "  (def expected (string \"deep-\" (+ round 1)))\n"
+    "  (assert (= result expected)\n"
+    "    (string \"round \" round \": expected '\" expected \"', got '\" (describe result) \"'\")))\n";
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    (void)argc;
+    (void)argv;
+    int failures = 0;
+
+    janet_init();
+
+    JanetTable *env = janet_core_env(NULL);
+
+    janet_def(env, "call-via-pcall",
+              janet_wrap_cfunction(cfun_call_via_pcall),
+              "Call a function via janet_pcall from C.");
+
+    printf("Testing janet_pcall GC safety:\n");
+    failures += run_test(env, "single-nesting", test_single);
+    failures += run_test(env, "deep-nesting", test_deep);
+
+    janet_deinit();
+
+    if (failures > 0) {
+        printf("\n%d test(s) FAILED\n", failures);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    printf("\nAll tests passed.\n");
+    return 0;
+}

test/helper.janet

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 # Helper code for running tests
 
+# Turn on strict linting by default in test suite.
+(put root-env *lint-warn* :strict)
+
 (var num-tests-passed 0)
 (var num-tests-run 0)
 (var suite-name 0)
@@ -7,7 +10,7 @@
 (var skip-count 0)
 (var skip-n 0)
 
-(def is-verbose (os/getenv "VERBOSE"))
+(var is-verbose (os/getenv "VERBOSE"))
 
 (defn- assert-no-tail
   "Override's the default assert with some nice error handling."
@@ -19,7 +22,6 @@
     (break x))
   (default e "assert error")
   (when x (++ num-tests-passed))
-  (def str (string e))
   (def stack (debug/stack (fiber/current)))
   (def frame (last stack))
   (def line-info (string/format "%s:%d"
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@
 (defmacro assert
   [x &opt e]
   (def xx (gensym))
-  (default e ~',x)
+  (default e (string/format "%j" x))
   ~(do
      (def ,xx ,x)
      (,assert-no-tail ,xx ,e)
@@ -50,6 +52,11 @@
   (def errsym (keyword (gensym)))
   ~(assert (= ,errsym (try (do ,;forms) ([_] ,errsym))) ,msg))
 
+(defmacro assert-error-value
+  [msg errval & forms]
+  (def e (gensym))
+  ~(assert (= ,errval (try (do ,;forms) ([,e] ,e))) ,msg))
+
 (defn check-compile-error
   [form]
   (def result (compile form))
@@ -60,8 +67,8 @@
   (def e (gensym))
   (def f (gensym))
   (if is-verbose
-  ~(try (do ,;forms (,assert true ,msg)) ([,e ,f] (,assert false ,msg) (,debug/stacktrace ,f ,e "\e[31m✘\e[0m ")))
-  ~(try (do ,;forms (,assert true ,msg)) ([_] (,assert false ,msg)))))
+  ~(try (do ,;forms (as-macro ,assert true ,msg)) ([,e ,f] (as-macro ,assert false ,msg) (,debug/stacktrace ,f ,e "\e[31m✘\e[0m ")))
+  ~(try (do ,;forms (as-macro ,assert true ,msg)) ([_] (as-macro ,assert false ,msg)))))
 
 (defn start-suite [&opt x]
   (default x (dyn :current-file))

test/suite-array.janet

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2023 Calvin Rose
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -86,5 +86,10 @@
 (assert-error "array/join error 4" (array/join @[] "abc123"))
 (assert-error "array/join error 5" (array/join @[] "abc123"))
 
+# Regression 1714
+(repeat 10
+  (assert (deep= (put @[] 100 10) (put (seq [_ :range [0 101]] nil) 100 10)) "regression 1714")
+  (assert (deep= (put @[] 200 10) (put (seq [_ :range [0 201]] nil) 200 10)) "regression 1714"))
+
 (end-suite)
 

test/suite-asm.janet

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2023 Calvin Rose
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 (import ./helper :prefix "" :exit true)
 (start-suite)
 
+(setdyn *lint-warn* :none)
+
 # Assembly test
 # Fibonacci sequence, implemented with naive recursion.
 # a679f60

test/suite-boot.janet

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2023 Calvin Rose
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 (import ./helper :prefix "" :exit true)
 (start-suite)
 
+(setdyn *lint-warn* :none)
+
 # Let
 # 807f981
 (assert (= (let [a 1 b 2] (+ a b)) 3) "simple let")
@@ -865,6 +867,13 @@
 (assert (deep= ~(,import* "a" :as "b" :fresh maybe)
                (macex '(import a :as b :fresh maybe))) "import macro 2")
 
+# 2af3f21d
+(assert-error "import macro 2" (macex '(import a :fresh)))
+(assert-error "import macro 3" (macex '(import a :as b :fresh)))
+(assert-error "import macro 4" (macex '(import b "notakeyword" value)))
+(assert (deep= ~(,import* "a" :fresh nil)
+               (macex '(import a :fresh nil))) "import macro 5")
+
 # #477 walk preserving bracket type
 # 0a1d902f4
 (assert (= :brackets (tuple/type (postwalk identity '[])))
@@ -896,11 +905,18 @@
   (struct/with-proto {:a [1 2 3]} :c 22 :b [1 2 3 4] :d "test" :e "test2"))
 (table/setproto table-to-freeze @{:a @[1 2 3]})
 
-(assert (deep= {:a [1 2 3] :b [1 2 3 4] :c 22 :d "test" :e "test2"}
-               (freeze table-to-freeze)))
+(assert (deep= struct-to-thaw (freeze table-to-freeze)))
 (assert (deep= table-to-freeze-with-inline-proto (thaw table-to-freeze)))
 (assert (deep= table-to-freeze-with-inline-proto (thaw struct-to-thaw)))
 
+# Check that freezing mutable keys is deterministic
+# for issue #1535
+(def hashes @{})
+(repeat 200
+  (def x (freeze {@"" 1 @"" 2 @"" 3 @"" 4 @"" 5}))
+  (put hashes (hash x) true))
+(assert (= 1 (length hashes)) "freeze mutable keys is deterministic")
+
 # Make sure Carriage Returns don't end up in doc strings
 # e528b86
 (assert (not (string/find "\r"
@@ -995,4 +1011,25 @@
 (assert-error "assertf error 3" (assertf false "%s message" "mystery"))
 (assert-error "assertf error 4" (assertf nil "%s %s" "alice" "bob"))
 
+# issue #1535
+(loop [i :range [1 1000]]
+  (assert (deep-not= @{:key1 "value1" @"key" "value2"}
+                     @{:key1 "value1" @"key" "value2"}) "deep= mutable keys"))
+(assert (deep-not= {"abc" 123} {@"abc" 123}) "deep= mutable keys vs immutable key")
+(assert (deep-not= {@"" 1 @"" 2 @"" 3} {@"" 1 @"" 2 @"" 3}) "deep= duplicate mutable keys")
+(assert (deep-not= {@"" @"" @"" @"" @"" 3} {@"" @"" @"" @"" @"" 3}) "deep= duplicate mutable keys 2")
+(assert (deep-not= {@[] @"" @[] @"" @[] 3} {@[] @"" @[] @"" @[] 3}) "deep= duplicate mutable keys 3")
+(assert (deep-not= {@{} @"" @{} @"" @{} 3} {@{} @"" @{} @"" @{} 3}) "deep= duplicate mutable keys 4")
+(assert (deep-not= @{:key1 "value1" @"key2" @"value2"}
+                   @{:key1 "value1" @"key2" "value2"}) "deep= mutable keys")
+(assert (deep-not= @{:key1 "value1" [@"key2"] @"value2"}
+                   @{:key1 "value1" [@"key2"] @"value2"}) "deep= mutable keys")
+
+# different try overloads
+(assert (= (try (error :error) ([] :caught)) :caught))
+(assert (= (try (error :error) ([e] e)) :error))
+(assert (= (try (error :error) ([e fib] [e (fiber? fib)])) [:error true]))
+# regression test for #1659
+(assert (= (try (error :error) ([_ _] :caught)) :caught))
+
 (end-suite)

test/suite-buffer.janet

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -179,5 +179,10 @@
 (assert (= (string buf) "xxxxxx") "buffer/format-at negative index")
 (assert-error "expected index at to be in range [0, 0), got 1" (buffer/format-at @"" 1 "abc"))
 
+# Regression 1714
+(repeat 10
+  (assert (deep= (put @"" 100 10) (put (buffer (string/repeat "\0" 101)) 100 10)) "regression 1714")
+  (assert (deep= (put @"" 200 10) (put (buffer (string/repeat "\0" 201)) 200 10)) "regression 1714"))
+
 (end-suite)
 

test/suite-bundle.janet

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Rose
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -117,8 +117,17 @@
 (assert (= 0 (length (bundle/list))) "bundles are listed correctly 7")
 (assert (= 0 (length (bundle/topolist))) "bundles are listed correctly 8")
 
+# Try installing a bundle that is missing bundle script
+(assert-error-value "bundle missing bundle script"
+                    "bundle must contain bundle.janet or bundle/init.janet"
+                    (bundle/install "./examples/sample-bad-bundle1"))
+(assert (= 0 (length (bundle/list))) "check failure 0")
+(assert (= 0 (length (bundle/topolist))) "check failure 1")
+
 # Try installing a bundle that fails check
-(assert-error "bad test" (bundle/install "./examples/sample-bad-bundle" :check true))
+(assert-error-value "bundle check hook fails"
+                    "Check failed!"
+                    (bundle/install "./examples/sample-bad-bundle2" :check true))
 (assert (= 0 (length (bundle/list))) "check failure 0")
 (assert (= 0 (length (bundle/topolist))) "check failure 1")
 

test/suite-capi.janet

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2023 Calvin Rose
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

test/suite-cfuns.janet

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2023 Calvin Rose
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

test/suite-compile.janet

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2023 Calvin Rose
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 (defn myfun [x]
   (var a 10)
   (set a (do
-         (def y x)
+         (def _y x)
          (if x 8 9))))
 
 (assert (= (myfun true) 8) "check do form regression")
@@ -46,8 +46,10 @@
 # Edge case should cause old compilers to fail due to
 # if statement optimization
 # 17283241
+(setdyn *lint-warn* :relaxed)
 (var var-a 1)
 (var var-b (if false 2 (string "hello")))
+(setdyn *lint-warn* nil)
 
 (assert (= var-b "hello") "regression 1")
 
@@ -73,5 +75,80 @@
   (foo 0)
   10)
 
+# Issue #1699 - fuzz case with bad def
+(def result
+  (compile '(defn sum3
+              "Solve the 3SUM problem in O(n^2) time."
+              [s]
+              (def)tab @{})))
+(assert (get result :error) "bad sum3 fuzz issue valgrind")
+
+# Issue #1700
+(def result
+  (compile
+    '(defn fuzz-case-1
+      [start end &]
+      (if end
+        (if e start (lazy-range (+ 1 start) end)))
+      1)))
+(assert (get result :error) "fuzz case issue #1700")
+
+# Issue #1702 - fuzz case with upvalues
+(def result
+  (compile
+  '(each item [1 2 3]
+    # Generate a lot of upvalues (more than 224)
+    (def ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;out-buf @"")
+    (with-dyns [:out out-buf] 1))))
+(assert result "bad upvalues fuzz case")
+
+# Named argument linting
+# Enhancement for #1654
+
+(defn fnamed [&named x y z] [x y z])
+(defn fkeys [&keys ks] ks)
+(defn fnamed2 [_a _b _c &named x y z] [x y z])
+(defn fkeys2 [_a _b _c &keys ks] ks)
+(defn fnamed3 [{:x x} &named a b c] [x a b c])
+(defn fnamed4 [_y &opt _z &named a b c] [a b c])
+(defn fnamed5 [&opt _z &named a b c] [a b c])
+(defn g [x &opt y &named z] [x y z])
+
+(defn check-good-compile
+  [code msg]
+  (def lints @[])
+  (def result (compile code (curenv) "suite-compile.janet" lints))
+  (assert (and (function? result) (empty? lints)) msg))
+
+(defn check-lint-compile
+  [code msg]
+  (def lints @[])
+  (def result (compile code (curenv) "suite-compile.janet" lints))
+  (assert (and (function? result) (next lints)) msg))
+
+(check-good-compile '(fnamed) "named no args")
+(check-good-compile '(fnamed :x 1 :y 2 :z 3) "named full args")
+(check-lint-compile '(fnamed :x) "named odd args")
+(check-lint-compile '(fnamed :w 0) "named wrong key args")
+(check-good-compile '(fkeys :a 1) "keys even args")
+(check-lint-compile '(fkeys :a 1 :b) "keys odd args")
+(check-good-compile '(fnamed2 nil nil nil) "named 2 no args")
+(check-good-compile '(fnamed2 nil nil nil :x 1 :y 2 :z 3) "named 2 full args")
+(check-lint-compile '(fnamed2 nil nil nil :x) "named 2 odd args")
+(check-lint-compile '(fnamed2 nil nil nil :w 0) "named 2 wrong key args")
+(check-good-compile '(fkeys2 nil nil nil :a 1) "keys 2 even args")
+(check-lint-compile '(fkeys2 nil nil nil :a 1 :b) "keys 2 odd args")
+(check-good-compile '(fnamed3 {:x 1} :a 1 :b 2 :c 3) "named 3 good")
+(check-lint-compile '(fnamed3 {:x 1} :a 1 :b 2 :d 3) "named 3 lint")
+(check-good-compile '(fnamed4 10 20 :a 1 :b 2 :c 3) "named 4 good")
+(check-lint-compile '(fnamed4 10 20 :a 1 :b 2 :d 3) "named 4 lint")
+(check-good-compile '(fnamed5 10 :a 1 :b 2 :c 3) "named 5 good")
+(check-lint-compile '(fnamed5 10 :a 1 :b 2 :d 3) "named 5 lint")
+(check-good-compile '(g 1) "g good 1")
+(check-good-compile '(g 1 2) "g good 2")
+(check-good-compile '(g 1 2 :z 10) "g good 3")
+(check-lint-compile '(g 1 2 :z) "g lint 1")
+(check-lint-compile '(g 1 2 :z 4 5) "g lint 2")
+
 (end-suite)
 

test/suite-corelib.janet

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2023 Calvin Rose
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@
 (assert (deep= (range 0 17 4) @[0 4 8 12 16]) "(range 0 17 4)")
 (assert (deep= (range 16 0 -4) @[16 12 8 4]) "(range 16 0 -4)")
 (assert (deep= (range 17 0 -4) @[17 13 9 5 1]) "(range 17 0 -4)")
+(assert-error "large range" (range 0xFFFFFFFFFF))
 
 (assert (= (length (range 10)) 10) "(range 10)")
 (assert (= (length (range -10)) 0) "(range -10)")
@@ -184,5 +185,26 @@
 (assert-no-error "iterate over coro 2" (keys (generate [x :range [0 10]] x)))
 (assert-no-error "iterate over coro 3" (pairs (generate [x :range [0 10]] x)))
 
-(end-suite)
+# thaw
+(def ds1 [1 2 3 {:a 2} {:b 3} 4 5 6])
+(def ds2 [1 2 3 {:a 2 {:c :d} {:e :f}} {:b 3} 4 5 6])
+(assert (deep= (thaw ds1) (thaw-keep-keys ds1)) "thaw vs. thaw-keep-keys 1")
+(assert (deep-not= (thaw ds2) (thaw-keep-keys ds2)) "thaw vs. thaw-keep-keys 2")
 
+# match
+(setdyn *lint-warn* :none)
+(assert (= :yes (match [1 2 3] [x y z w] :no1 [x y $] :no2 [x y z] :yes)) "match dollar suffix 1")
+(assert (= :yes (match [1 2 3] [x y z w] :no1 [x y z $] :yes [x y z] :no2)) "match dollar suffix 2")
+(setdyn *lint-warn* nil)
+
+# Issue #1687
+(assert-no-error "def destructure splice works 1" (do (def [a] [;[1]]) a))
+(assert-no-error "def destructure splice works 2" (do (def (n) [(splice [])]) n))
+(assert-no-error "var destructure splice works" (do (var [a] [;[1]]) a))
+
+# Issue #1709
+(assert (= (macex1 '|(set (my-table [2 1]) 'foo))
+           '(fn :short-fn [] (set (my-table [2 1]) (quote foo))))
+        "Macro expand inside set preserves tuple type correctly")
+
+(end-suite)

test/suite-debug.janet

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2023 Calvin Rose
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Calvin Rose
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to