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Update assembly doc.
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Calvin Rose
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doc/bytecode.md
146
doc/bytecode.md
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@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
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# Dst Bytecode Interpreter
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### Dst alpha 0.0.0
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This document outlines the Dst bytecode format, and core ideas in the runtime.
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the are closely related to the bytecode. It should enable the reader
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to write dst assembly code and hopefully understand the dst internals better.
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@ -133,63 +135,89 @@ A listing of all opcode values can be found in src/include/dst/dstopcodes.h. The
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short names can be found src/assembler/asm.c. In this document, we will refer to the instructions
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by their short names as presented to the assembler rather than their numerical values.
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* `add`:
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* `addi`:
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* `addim`:
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* `addr`:
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* `band`:
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* `bnot`:
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* `bor`:
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* `bxor`:
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* `call`:
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* `clo`:
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* `cmp`:
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* `debug`:
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* `div`:
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* `divi`:
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* `divim`:
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* `divr`:
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* `eq`:
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* `err`:
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* `get`:
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* `geti`:
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* `gt`:
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* `jmp`:
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* `jmpi`:
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* `jmpn`:
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* `ldc`:
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* `ldf`:
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* `ldi`:
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* `ldn`:
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* `lds`:
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* `ldt`:
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* `ldu`:
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* `lt`:
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* `movf`:
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* `movn`:
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* `mul`:
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* `muli`:
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* `mulim`:
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* `mulr`:
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* `noop`:
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* `push`:
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* `push2`:
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* `push3`:
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* `pusha`:
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* `put`:
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* `puti`:
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* `res`:
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* `ret`:
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* `retn`:
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* `setu`:
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* `sl`:
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* `slim`:
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* `sr`:
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* `srim`:
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* `sru`:
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* `sruim`:
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* `sub`:
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* `tcall`:
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* `tchck`:
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* `yield`:
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Each instruction is also listed with a signature, which are the arguments the instruction
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expects. There are a handful of instruction signatures, which combine the arity and type
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of the instruction. The assembler does not
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do any typechecking per closure, but does prevent jumping to invalid instructions and
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failiure to return or error.
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### Notation
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* The $ prefix indicates that a instruction parameter is acting as a virtual register (slot).
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If a parameter does not have the $ suffix in the description, it is acting as some kind
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of literal (usually an unisgned integer for indexes, and a signed integer for literal integers).
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* Some operators in the description have the suffix 'i' or 'r'. These indicate
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that these operators correspond to integers or real numbers only, respectively. All
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bitwise operators and bit shifts only work with integers.
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* The `>>>` indicates unsigned right shift, as in Java. Because all integers in dst are
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signed, we differentiate the two kinds of right bit shift.
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* The 'im' suffix in the instruction name is short for immediate. The 'i' suffix is short for integer,
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and the 'r' suffix is short for real.
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### Reference Table
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| Instruction | Signature | Description |
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| ----------- | --------------------------- | --------------------------------- |
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| `add` | `(add dest lhs rhs)` | $dest = $lhs + $rhs |
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| `addi` | `(addi dest lhs rhs)` | $dest = $lhs +i $rhs |
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| `addim` | `(addim dest lhs im)` | $dest = $lhs +i im |
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| `addr` | `(addr dest lhs rhs)` | $dest = $lhs +r $rhs |
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| `band` | `(band dest lhs rhs)` | $dest = $lhs & $rhs |
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| `bnot` | `(bnot dest operand)` | $dest = ~$operand |
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| `bor` | `(bor dest lhs rhs)` | $dest = $lhs | $rhs |
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| `bxor` | `(bxor dest lhs rhs)` | $dest = $lhs ^ $rhs |
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| `call` | `(call dest callee)` | $dest = call($callee) |
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| `clo` | `(clo dest index)` | $dest = closure(defs[$index]) |
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| `cmp` | `(cmp dest lhs rhs)` | $dest = dst_compare($lhs, $rhs) |
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| `debug` | `(debug)` | Suspend current fiber |
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| `div` | `(div dest lhs rhs)` | $dest = $lhs / $rhs |
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| `divi` | `(divi dest lhs rhs)` | $dest = $lhs /i $rhs |
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| `divim` | `(divim dest lhs im)` | $dest = $lhs /i im |
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| `divr` | `(divr dest lhs rhs)` | $dest = $lhs /r $rhs |
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| `eq` | `(eq dest lhs rhs)` | $dest = $lhs == $rhs |
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| `err` | `(err message)` | Throw error $message. |
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| `get` | `(get dest ds key)` | $dest = $ds[$key] |
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| `geti` | `(geti dest ds index)` | $dest = $ds[index] |
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| `gt` | `(gt dest lhs rhs)` | $dest = $lhs > $rhs |
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| `jmp` | `(jmp label)` | pc = label, pc += offset |
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| `jmpif` | `(jmpif cond label)` | if $cond pc = label else pc++ |
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| `jmpno` | `(jmpno cond label)` | if $cond pc++ else pc = label |
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| `ldc` | `(ldc dest index)` | $dest = constants[index] |
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| `ldf` | `(ldf dest)` | $dest = false |
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| `ldi` | `(ldi dest integer)` | $dest = integer |
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| `ldn` | `(ldn dest)` | $dest = nil |
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| `lds` | `(lds dest)` | $dest = current closure (self) |
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| `ldt` | `(ldt dest)` | $dest = true |
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| `ldu` | `(ldu dest env index)` | $dest = envs[env][index] |
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| `lt` | `(lt dest lhs rhs)` | $dest = $lhs < $rhs |
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| `movf` | `(movf src dest)` | $dest = $src |
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| `movn` | `(movn dest src)` | $dest = $src |
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| `mul` | `(mul dest lhs rhs)` | $dest = $lhs * $rhs |
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| `muli` | `(muli dest lhs rhs)` | $dest = $lhs \*i $rhs |
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| `mulim` | `(mulim dest lhs im)` | $dest = $lhs \*i im |
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| `mulr` | `(mulr dest lhs rhs)` | $dest = $lhs \*r $rhs |
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| `noop` | `(noop)` | Does nothing. |
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| `push` | `(push val)` | Push $val as arg |
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| `push2` | `(push2 val1 val3)` | Push $val1, $val2 as args |
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| `push3` | `(push3 val1 val2 val3)` | Push $val1, $val2, $val3, as args |
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| `pusha` | `(pusha array)` | Push values in $array as args |
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| `put` | `(put ds key val)` | $ds[$key] = $val |
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| `puti` | `(puti ds index val)` | $ds[index] = $val |
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| `res` | `(res fiber val)` | Resume $fiber with value $val |
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| `ret` | `(ret val)` | Return $val |
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| `retn` | `(retn)` | Return nil |
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| `setu` | `(setu env index val)` | envs[env][index] = $val |
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| `sl` | `(sl dest lhs rhs)` | $dest = $lhs << $rhs |
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| `slim` | `(slim dest lhs shamt)` | $dest = $lhs << shamt |
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| `sr` | `(sr dest lhs rhs)` | $dest = $lhs >> $rhs |
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| `srim` | `(srim dest lhs shamt)` | $dest = $lhs >> shamt |
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| `sru` | `(sru dest lhs rhs)` | $dest = $lhs >>> $rhs |
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| `sruim` | `(sruim dest lhs shamt)` | $dest = $lhs >>> shamt |
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| `sub` | `(sub dest lhs rhs)` | $dest = $lhs - $rhs |
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| `tcall` | `(tcall callee)` | Return call($callee) |
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| `tchck` | `(tcheck slot types)` | Assert $slot does matches types |
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| `yield` | `(yield value)` | Yield $value to parent fiber |
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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bytecode [
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(ldi 1 0x2) # $1 = 2
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(lt 1 0 1) # $1 = $0 < $1
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(jmpi 1 :done) # if ($1) goto :done
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(jmpif 1 :done) # if ($1) goto :done
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(lds 1) # $1 = self
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(addim 0 0 -0x1) # $0 = $0 - 1
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(push 0) # push($0), push argument for next function call
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@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ static const DstInstructionDef dst_ops[] = {
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{"geti", DOP_GET_INDEX},
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{"gt", DOP_GREATER_THAN},
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{"jmp", DOP_JUMP},
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{"jmpi", DOP_JUMP_IF},
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{"jmpn", DOP_JUMP_IF_NOT},
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{"jmpif", DOP_JUMP_IF},
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{"jmpno", DOP_JUMP_IF_NOT},
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{"ldc", DOP_LOAD_CONSTANT},
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{"ldf", DOP_LOAD_FALSE},
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{"ldi", DOP_LOAD_INTEGER},
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