More work on open hashing implementation of objects.

Add metatable support for callable objects.

datatypes.h

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-/* Flag for immutability in an otherwise mutable datastructure */
+/* Max search depth for classes. */
-#define GST_IMMUTABLE 1
+#define GST_MAX_SEARCH_DEPTH 128
 
 /* Verious types */
 typedef enum GstType {
@@ -89,7 +89,6 @@ struct GstArray {
     uint32_t count;
     uint32_t capacity;
     GstValue *data;
-    uint32_t flags;
 };
 
 /* A bytebuffer type. Used as a mutable string or string builder. */
@@ -97,7 +96,6 @@ struct GstBuffer {
     uint32_t count;
     uint32_t capacity;
     uint8_t *data;
-    uint32_t flags;
 };
 
 /* The main Gst type, an obect. Objects are just hashtables with some meta
@@ -106,7 +104,6 @@ struct GstObject {
     uint32_t count;
     uint32_t capacity;
     GstBucket **buckets;
-    uint32_t flags;
     GstObject *meta;
 };
 
@@ -168,6 +165,8 @@ struct Gst {
     /* Return state */
     const char *crash;
     GstValue ret; /* Returned value from gst_start. Also holds errors. */
+    /* Temporary array for use in function dispatch */
+    GstValue tempArray[GST_MAX_SEARCH_DEPTH];
 };
 
 /* Bytecode */

dict.c

@@ -1,130 +1,264 @@
 #include "dict.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "value.h"
+#include "vm.h"
+
+/****/
+/* Bag implementation */
+/****/
+
+/* Find a kv pair in a bag */
+static GstValue *gst_object_bag_find(GstDict *obj, GstValue key) {
+    GstValue *start = obj->data;
+    GstValue *end = obj->data + obj->count * 2;
+	while (start < end) {
+    	if (gst_equals(*start, key))
+        	return start;
+		start += 2;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Check for string equality */
+static int str_equal_value(GstValue v, const char *str, uint32_t len, uint32_t hash) {
+	uint32_t i;
+    if (v.type != GST_STRING) return 0;
+	if (gst_string_length(str) != len) return 0;
+	if (!gst_string_hash(str))
+		gst_string_hash(str) = gst_string_calchash((uint8_t *)str);
+	if (gst_string_hash(str) != hash) return 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+		if (str[1] != v.data.string[i]) return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/* Find key value pair with c string key */
+static GstValue *gst_object_bag_findcstring(GstDict *obj, const char *key) {
+    uint32_t len, hash;
+    for (len = 0; key[len]; ++len);
+    hash = gst_cstring_calchash((uint8_t *)key, len);
+    GstValue *start = obj->data;
+    GstValue *end = obj->data + obj->count * 2;
+	while (start < end) {
+    	if (start->type == GST_STRING) {
+			uint8_t *str = start->data.string;
+			if (gst_string_length(str) == len) {
+				if (!gst_string_hash(str))
+    				gst_string_hash(str) = gst_string_calchash(str);
+    			if (gst_string_hash(str) == hash) {
+					return start
+    			}
+			}
+    	}
+		start += 2;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Remove a key from a bag */
+static void gst_object_bag_remove(GstDict *obj, GstValue key) {
+	GstValue *kv = gst_object_bag_find(obj, key);
+	if (kv != NULL) {
+    	GstValue *lastKv = obj->data + --obj->count * 2;
+		kv[0] = lastKv[0];
+		kv[1] = lastKv[1];
+	}
+}
+
+/* Add a key to a bag */
+static void gst_object_bag_put(Gst *vm, GstDict *obj, GstValue key, GstValue value) {
+	GstValue *kv = gst_object_bag_find(obj, key);
+	if (kv != NULL) {
+    	/* Replace value */
+    	kv[1] = value;
+	} else {
+		/* Check for need to resize */
+		if (obj->count + 1 > obj->capacity) {
+    		uint32_t newCap = 2 * obj->count + 2;
+    		GstValue *newData = gst_alloc(vm, sizeof(GstValue) * 2 * newCap);
+			gst_memcpy(newData, obj->data, obj->count * 2 * sizeof(GstValue));
+			obj->data = newData;
+			obj->capacity = newCap;
+		}
+		/* Push to end */
+		kv = obj->data + obj->count * 2;
+		kv[0] = key;
+		kv[1] = value;
+		++obj->count;
+	}
+}
+
+/****/
+/* Hashtable implementaion */
+/****/
+
+/* Add a key value pair to a given array. Returns if key successfully added. */ 
+static void hash_putkv(GstValue *data, uint32_t cap, GstValue key, GstValue value) {
+	GstValue *end = data + 2 * cap;
+	GstValue *start = data + (gst_hash(key) % cap) * 2;
+	GstValue *bucket;
+	/* Check second half of array */
+	for (bucket = start; bucket < end; bucket += 2) {
+		if (bucket[0].type == GST_NIL) {
+			bucket[0] = key;
+			bucket[1] = value;
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+	/* Check first half of array */
+	for (bucket = data; bucket < start; bucket += 2) {
+		if (bucket[0].type == GST_NIL) {
+    		bucket[0] = key;
+    		bucket[1] = value;
+    		return;
+		}
+	}
+	/* Should never reach here - data would be full */
+}
+
+/* Find a bucket in the hastable */
+static GstValue *hash_findkv(GstValue *data, uint32_t cap, GstValue key, GstValue **out) {
+	GstValue *end = data + 2 * cap;
+	GstValue *start = data + (gst_hash(key) % cap) * 2;
+	GstValue *bucket;
+	/* Check second half of array */
+	for (bucket = start; bucket < end; bucket += 2)
+		if (bucket[0].type == GST_NIL)
+    		if (bucket[1].type == GST_BOOLEAN) /* Check if just marked deleted */
+				continue;
+			else {
+    			*out = bucket;
+				return NULL;
+			}
+		else if (gst_equals(bucket[0], key))
+    		return bucket;
+	/* Check first half of array */
+	for (bucket = data; bucket < start; bucket += 2)
+    	if (bucket[0].type == GST_NIL)
+    		if (bucket[1].type == GST_BOOLEAN) /* Check if just marked deleted */
+				continue;
+			else {
+    			*out = bucket;
+				return NULL;
+			}
+		else if (gst_equals(bucket[0], key))
+    		return bucket;
+	/* Should never reach here - data would be full */
+	*out = bucket;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Resize internal hashtable. Also works if currently a bag. */
+static void gst_object_rehash(Gst *vm, GstDict *obj, uint32_t capacity) {
+    GstValue *toData, *fromBucket, *toBucket, *toStart *fromEnd, *toEnd;
+    toData = gst_alloc(vm, capacity * 2 * sizeof(GstValue));
+    toEnd = toData + 2 * capacity;
+    fromBucket = obj->data;
+    fromEnd = fromBucket + obj->count * 2;
+	for (; fromBucket < fromEnd; fromBucket += 2) {	
+		if (fromBucket[0].type == GST_NIL) continue;
+		toStart = toData + (gst_hash(fromBucket[0]) % capacity) * 2;
+		/* Check second half of array */
+    	for (toBucket = toStart; toBucket < toEnd; toBucket += 2) {
+    		if (toBucket[0].type == GST_NIL) {
+    			toBucket[0] = fromBucket[0];
+    			toBucket[1] = fromBucket[1];
+    			goto finish_put;
+    		}
+    	}
+    	/* Check first half of array */
+    	for (toBucket = toData; toBucket < toStart; toBucket += 2) {
+    		if (toBucket[0].type == GST_NIL) {
+    			toBucket[0] = fromBucket[0];
+    			toBucket[1] = fromBucket[1];
+    			goto finish_put;
+    		}
+    	}
+    	/* Error if we got here - backing array to small. */
+    	;
+    	/* Continue. */
+    	finish_put: continue;
+	}
+	obj->capacity = capacity;
+	obj->data = toData;
+}
+
+/****/
+/* Interface */
+/****/
 
 /* Initialize a dictionary */
-GstDict *gst_dict_init(GstDict *dict, uint32_t capacity) {
+GstDict *gst_dict(Gst *vm, uint32_t capacity) {
-    GstDictBucket *buckets = gst_raw_calloc(1, sizeof(GstDictBucket) * capacity);
+    GstDict *dict = gst_alloc(vm, sizeof(GstDict));
-    if (data == NULL)
+    GstValue *data = gst_zalloc(vm, sizeof(GstValue) * 2 * capacity);
-        return NULL;
+    dict->data = data;
-    dict->buckets = buckets;
     dict->capacity = capacity;
     dict->count = 0;
+    dict->flags = (capacity < GST_OBJECT_BAG_THRESHOLD) ? GST_OBJECT_FLAG_ISBAG : 0;
     return dict;
 }
 
-/* Deinitialize a dictionary */
-GstDict *gst_dict_free(GstDict *dict) {
-    gst_raw_free(dict->buckets);
-}
-
-/* Rehash a dictionary */
-GstDict *gst_dict_rehash(GstDict *dict, uint32_t newCapacity) {
-    GstDictBucket *newBuckets = gst_raw_calloc(1, sizeof(GstDictBucket) * newCapacity);
-    GstDictBucket *buckets = dict->buckets;
-    uint32_t i, j;
-    if (newBuckets == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-    for (i = 0; i < dict->capacity; ++i) {
-        int index;
-        if (!(buckets[i].flags & GST_DICT_FLAG_OCCUPIED)) continue;
-        if (buckets[i].flags & GST_DICT_FLAG_TOMBSTONE) continue;
-        index = gst_hash(buckets[i].key) % newCapacity;
-        for (j = index; j < dict->capacity; ++j) {
-            if (newBuckets[j].flags & GST_DICT_FLAG_OCCUPIED) continue;
-            newBuckets[j] = buckets[i];
-            goto done;
-        }
-        for (j = 0; j < index; ++j) {
-            if (newBuckets[j].flags & GST_DICT_FLAG_OCCUPIED) continue;
-            newBuckets[j] = buckets[i];
-            goto done;
-        }
-        /* Error - could not rehash a bucket - this should never happen */
-        gst_raw_free(newBuckets);
-        return NULL;
-        /* Successfully rehashed bucket */
-        done:
-    }
-    dict->capacity = newCapacity;
-    return dict;
-}
-
-/* Find a bucket with a given key */
-static int gst_dict_find(GstDict *dict, GstValue key, GstDictBucket **out) {
-    uint32_t index, i;
-    GstDictBucket *buckets = dict->buckets;
-    index = gst_hash(key) % dict->capacity; 
-    for (i = index; i < dict->capacity; ++i) {
-        if (buckets[i].flags & GST_DICT_FLAGS_TOMBSTONE) continue;
-        if (!(buckets[i].flags & GST_DICT_FLAGS_OCCUPIED)) continue;
-        if (!gst_equals(key, buckets[i].key)) continue;
-        *out = buckets + i;
-        return 1;
-    }
-    for (i = 0; i < index; ++i) {
-        if (buckets[i].flags & GST_DICT_FLAGS_TOMBSTONE) continue;
-        if (!(buckets[i].flags & GST_DICT_FLAGS_OCCUPIED)) continue;
-        if (!gst_equals(key, buckets[i].key)) continue;
-        *out = buckets + i;
-        return 1;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
 /* Get item from dictionary */
-int gst_dict_get(GstDict *dict, GstValue key, GstValue *value) {
+GstValue gst_dict_get(GstDict *dict, GstValue key) {
-    GstDictBucket *bucket;
+    GstValue *bucket *notused;
-    int found = gst_dict_find(dict, key, &bucket);
+    if (dict->flags & GST_OBJECT_FLAG_ISBAG) {
-    if (found)
+		bucket = gst_object_bag_find(dict, key);
-        *value = bucket->value;
+    } else {
-    return found;
+        bucket = hash_findkv(obj->data, obj->capacity, key, &notused);
+    }
+    if (bucket != NULL) {
+		return bucket[1];
+    } else {
+        GstValue ret;
+		ret.type = GST_NIL;
+		return ret;
+    }
 }
 
+/* Get item with c string key */
+GstValue gst_dict_get_cstring(GstDict *dict, const char *key);
+
 /* Add item to dictionary */
-GstDict *gst_dict_put(GstDict *dict, GstValue key, GstValue value) {
+void gst_dict_put(Gst *vm, GstDict *obj, GstValue key, GstValue value) {
-    /* Check if we need to increase capacity. The load factor is low
+    if (obj->flags & GST_OBJECT_FLAG_ISBAG) {
-     * because we are using linear probing */
+        if (obj->count > GST_OBJECT_BAG_THRESHOLD) {
-    uint32_t index, i;
+            /* Change to hashtable */
-    uint32_t newCap = dict->count * 2 + 1;
+			obj->flags |= GST_OBJECT_FLAG_ISBAG;
-    GstBucket *buckets;
+			gst_object_rehash(vm, obj, 4 * obj->count);
-    if (newCap > dict->capacity) {
+			goto put_hash;
-        dict = gst_dict_rehash(dict, newCap);
-        if (!dict) return dict;
         }
-    index = gst_hash(key) % dict->capacity;
+		gst_object_bag_put(vm, obj, key, value);
-    buckets = dict->buckets;
+    } else {
-    for (i = index; i < dict->capacity; ++i) {
+        GstValue *bucket, *out;
-        if ((buckets[i].flags & GST_DICT_FLAGS_TOMBSTONE) ||
+		put_hash:
-                !(buckets[i].flags & GST_DICT_FLAGS_OCCUPIED))
+        bucket = hash_findkv(obj->data, obj->capacity, key, &out);
-            continue;
+		if (bucket != NULL) {
-        dict->buckets[i].key = key;
+			bucket[1] = value;
-        dict->buckets[i].value = value;
+		} else {
-        dict->buckets[i].flags &= GST_DICT_FLAGS_OCCUPIED;
+			/* Check for resize */
-        dict->count++;
+			if (obj->count + 1 > obj->capacity) {
-        return dict;
+    			gst_object_rehash(vm, obj, 2 * (obj->count + 1));
+                bucket = hash_findkv(obj->data, obj->capacity, key, &out);
+			}
+			out[0] = key;
+			out[1] = value;
+			++obj->count;
 		}
-    for (i = 0; i < index; ++i) {
-        if ((buckets[i].flags & GST_DICT_FLAGS_TOMBSTONE) ||
-                !(buckets[i].flags & GST_DICT_FLAGS_OCCUPIED))
-            continue;
-        dict->buckets[i].key = key;
-        dict->buckets[i].value = value;
-        dict->buckets[i].flags &= GST_DICT_FLAGS_OCCUPIED;
-        dict->count++;
-        return dict;
     }
-    /* Error - should never get here */
-    return NULL;
 }
 
 /* Remove item from dictionary */
-int gst_dict_remove(GstDict *dict, GstValue key) {
+void gst_dict_remove(GstDict *obj, GstValue key) {
-    GstDictBucket *bucket;
+    if (obj->flags & GST_OBJECT_FLAG_ISBAG) {
-    int found = gst_dict_find(dict, key, &bucket);
+		gst_object_bag_remove(obj, key);
-    if (found) {
+    } else {
-        bucket->flags |= GST_DICT_FLAGS_TOMBSTONE;
+        GstValue *bucket, *out;
-        dict->count--;
+        bucket = hash_findkv(obj->data, obj->capacity, key, &out);
+		if (bucket != NULL) {
+			--obj->count;
+			bucket[0].type = GST_NIL;
+			bucket[1].type = GST_BOOLEAN;
+		}
     }
-    return found;
 }
+

dict.h

@@ -3,39 +3,36 @@
 
 #include "datatypes.h"
 
-#define GST_DICT_FLAG_OCCUPIED 1
+/* Indicates object is implement as unsorted array of keypairs */
-#define GST_DICT_FLAG_TOMBSTONE 2
+#define GST_OBJECT_FLAG_ISBAG (1 << 31)
 
-typedef struct GstDictBucket GstDictBucket;
+/* Indicates object is immutable */
-struct GstDictBucket {
+#define GST_OBJECT_IMMUTABLE (1 << 30)
-    GstValue key;
+
-    GstValue value;   
+/* Count at which the object goes from a linear search to a hash table */
-    uint8_t flags;
+#define GST_OBJECT_BAG_THRESHOLD 8
-};
 
 typedef struct GstDict GstDict;
 struct GstDict {
     uint32_t capacity;
     uint32_t count;
-    GstDictBucket *buckets;
+    uint32_t flags;
+    GstValue *data;
 };
 
 /* Initialize a dictionary */
-GstDict *gst_dict_init(GstDict *dict, uint32_t capacity);
+GstDict *gst_dict(Gst *vm, uint32_t capacity);
-
-/* Deinitialize a dictionary */
-GstDict *gst_dict_free(GstDict *dict);
-
-/* Rehash a dictionary */
-GstDict *gst_dict_rehash(GstDict *dict, uint32_t newCapacity);
 
 /* Get item from dictionary */
-int gst_dict_get(GstDict *dict, GstValue key, GstValue *value);
+GstValue gst_dict_get(GstDict *dict, GstValue key);
+
+/* Get c string from object */
+GstValue gst_dict_get_cstring(GstDict *dict, const char *key);
 
 /* Add item to dictionary */
-GstDict *gst_dict_put(GstDict *dict, GstValue key, GstValue value);
+void gst_dict_put(Gst *vm, GstDict *dict, GstValue key, GstValue value);
 
 /* Remove item from dictionary */
-int gst_dict_remove(GstDict *dict, GstValue key);
+void gst_dict_remove(GstDict *dict, GstValue key);
 
 #endif // dict_h_INCLUDED

ds.c

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ GstBuffer *gst_buffer(Gst *vm, uint32_t capacity) {
     buffer->data = data;
     buffer->count = 0;
     buffer->capacity = capacity;
-    buffer->flags = 0;
     return buffer;
 }
 
@@ -76,7 +75,6 @@ GstArray *gst_array(Gst * vm, uint32_t capacity) {
     array->data = data;
     array->count = 0;
     array->capacity = capacity;
-    array->flags = 0;
     return array;
 }
 
@@ -181,7 +179,7 @@ GstObject* gst_object(Gst *vm, uint32_t capacity) {
     o->buckets = buckets;
     o->capacity = capacity;
     o->count = 0;
-    o->flags = 0;
+    o->meta = NULL;
     return o;
 }
 
@@ -230,9 +228,8 @@ GstValue gst_object_get(GstObject *o, GstValue key) {
 
 /* Get a value of the object with a cstring key */
 GstValue gst_object_get_cstring(GstObject *obj, const char *key) {
-    const char *end = key;
+    uint32_t len;
-    while (*end++);
+	for (len = 0; key[len]; ++len);
-    uint32_t len = end - key;
     uint32_t hash = gst_cstring_calchash((uint8_t *)key, len);
     uint32_t index = hash % obj->capacity;
     GstBucket *bucket = obj->buckets[index];

gc.c

@@ -149,6 +149,12 @@ void gst_mark(Gst *vm, GstValue *x) {
 						bucket = bucket->next;
 					}
                 }
+                if (x->data.object->meta != NULL) {
+                    GstValue temp;
+                    temp.type = GST_OBJECT;
+                    temp.data.object = x->data.object->meta;
+					gst_mark(vm, &temp);
+                }
             }
             break;
 

thread.c

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include "datatypes.h"
+
+/* Push Value to thread */
+void gst_thread_push(Gst *vm, GstThread *thread, GstValue x) {
+
+}
+
+/* Push stack frame to thread */
+void gst_thread_pushframe(Gst *vm, GstThread *thread, GstValue callee) {
+
+}

value.c

@@ -444,16 +444,12 @@ const char *gst_set(Gst *vm, GstValue ds, GstValue key, GstValue value) {
     int32_t index;
     switch (ds.type) {
     case GST_ARRAY:
-        if (ds.data.array->flags & GST_IMMUTABLE)
-            return "cannot set immutable value";
         if (key.type != GST_NUMBER) return "expected numeric key";
         index = to_index(key.data.number, ds.data.array->count);
         if (index == -1) return "invalid array access";
         ds.data.array->data[index] = value;
         break;
     case GST_BYTEBUFFER:
-        if (ds.data.buffer->flags & GST_IMMUTABLE)
-            return "cannot set immutable value";
         if (key.type != GST_NUMBER) return "expected numeric key";
         if (value.type != GST_NUMBER) return "expected numeric value";
         index = to_index(key.data.number, ds.data.buffer->count);
@@ -461,8 +457,8 @@ const char *gst_set(Gst *vm, GstValue ds, GstValue key, GstValue value) {
         ds.data.buffer->data[index] = to_byte(value.data.number);
         break;
     case GST_OBJECT:
-        if (ds.data.object->flags & GST_IMMUTABLE)
+        if (ds.data.object->meta != NULL) {
-            return "cannot set immutable value";
+        }
         gst_object_put(vm, ds.data.object, key, value);
         break;
     default:

vm.c

@@ -382,27 +382,53 @@ static int gst_continue_size(Gst *vm, uint32_t stackBase) {
         case GST_OP_PSH: /* Push stack frame */
             {
                 GstValue *nextStack;
-                uint32_t expectedArity, normalArity, arity, varArgs, i, locals, nextCount;
+                uint32_t argSlots, fullArgSlots, arity, prefixCount, varArgs, tupleCount, i, locals, nextCount;
 
                 /* Get arguments to op */
                 temp = stack[pc[1]];
                 arity = pc[2];
 
                 /* Get the size of next stack frame */
-                if (temp.type == GST_FUNCTION) {
+                prefixCount = 0;
+                recur:
+				switch(temp.type) {
+				default: gst_error(vm, GST_EXPECTED_FUNCTION);
+				case GST_FUNCTION:
+					{
                         GstFunction *fn = temp.data.function;
                         locals = fn->def->locals;
                         varArgs = fn->def->flags & GST_FUNCDEF_FLAG_VARARG;
-                    expectedArity = fn->def->arity;
+                        argSlots = fn->def->arity;
-                    if (arity > expectedArity)
+                        if (arity + prefixCount > argSlots) {
-                        normalArity = expectedArity;
+                            fullArgSlots = argSlots;
-                    else
+                            tupleCount = arity + prefixCount - fullArgSlots;
-                        normalArity = arity;
-                } else if (temp.type == GST_CFUNCTION) {
-                    locals = normalArity = expectedArity = arity;
-                    varArgs = 0;
                         } else {
-                    gst_error(vm, GST_EXPECTED_FUNCTION);
+                            fullArgSlots = arity + prefixCount;
+                            tupleCount = 0;
+                        }
+                        break;
+					}
+				case GST_CFUNCTION:
+    				{
+                        locals = argSlots = fullArgSlots = arity + prefixCount;
+                        varArgs = tupleCount = 0;
+                        break;
+    				}
+    			case GST_OBJECT:
+        			{
+						GstObject *meta = temp.data.object->meta;
+						if (meta == NULL) gst_error(vm, GST_EXPECTED_FUNCTION);
+						vm->tempArray[prefixCount++] = temp;
+						temp = gst_object_get_cstring(meta, "call");
+						goto recur;
+        			}
+    			case GST_USERDATA:
+        			{
+						GstObject *meta = ((GstUserdataHeader *)temp.data.pointer - 1)->meta;
+						vm->tempArray[prefixCount++] = temp;
+						temp = gst_object_get_cstring(meta, "call");
+						goto recur;
+        			}
                 }
 
                 /* Get next frame size */
@@ -427,11 +453,15 @@ static int gst_continue_size(Gst *vm, uint32_t stackBase) {
                 gst_frame_callee(nextStack) = temp;
                 gst_frame_errjmp(nextStack) = NULL;
 
-                /* Write arguments to new stack */
+                /* Write prefix args to stack */
-                for (i = 0; i < normalArity; ++i)
+                for (i = 0; i < prefixCount; ++i)
-                    nextStack[i] = stack[pc[3 + i]];
+                    nextStack[i] = vm->tempArray[i];
                 
-                /* Clear stack */
+                /* Write arguments to new stack */
+                for (; i < fullArgSlots; ++i)
+                    nextStack[i] = stack[pc[3 + i - prefixCount]];
+
+                /* Clear rest of stack */
                 for (; i < locals; ++i)
                     nextStack[i].type = GST_NIL;
 
@@ -439,11 +469,14 @@ static int gst_continue_size(Gst *vm, uint32_t stackBase) {
                 if (varArgs) {
                     GstValue *tuple;
                     uint32_t j;
-                    tuple = gst_tuple(vm, arity - expectedArity);
+                    tuple = gst_tuple(vm, tupleCount);
-                    for (j = expectedArity; j < arity; ++j)
+                    for (j = argSlots; j < arity; ++j)
-                        tuple[j - expectedArity] = stack[pc[3 + j]];
+                        if (j < prefixCount)
-                    nextStack[expectedArity].type = GST_TUPLE;
+							tuple[j - argSlots] = vm->tempArray[j - prefixCount];
-                    nextStack[expectedArity].data.tuple = tuple;
+                        else
+                            tuple[j - argSlots] = stack[pc[3 + j - prefixCount]];
+                    nextStack[argSlots].type = GST_TUPLE;
+                    nextStack[argSlots].data.tuple = tuple;
                 }
 
                 /* Increment pc */
@@ -486,6 +519,7 @@ static int gst_continue_size(Gst *vm, uint32_t stackBase) {
             } else if (v1.type == GST_CFUNCTION) {
                 int status;
                 GST_STATE_WRITE();
+                vm->ret.type = GST_NIL;
                 status = v1.data.cfunction(vm);
                 GST_STATE_SYNC();
                 if (status == GST_RETURN_OK)