mirror of
https://github.com/gnss-sdr/gnss-sdr
synced 2024-11-14 05:44:56 +00:00
2201 lines
92 KiB
Markdown
2201 lines
92 KiB
Markdown
<!-- prettier-ignore-start -->
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||
[comment]: # (
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||
SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
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||
)
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[comment]: # (
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SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2011-2024 Carles Fernandez-Prades <carles.fernandez@cttc.es>
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||
)
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<!-- prettier-ignore-end -->
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||
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[](https://gnss-sdr.org "GNSS-SDR website")
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[](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0)
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[](https://api.reuse.software/info/github.com/gnss-sdr/gnss-sdr)
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[](CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)
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**Welcome to GNSS-SDR!**
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This program is a software-defined receiver which is able to process (that is,
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to perform detection, synchronization, demodulation and decoding of the
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navigation message, computation of observables, and, finally, computation of
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position fixes) the following Global Navigation Satellite System's signals:
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In the L1 band:
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- 🛰 GLONASS L1 C/A (centered at 1602.000 MHz) :white_check_mark:
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- 🛰 GPS L1 C/A (centered at 1575.420 MHz) :white_check_mark:
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- 🛰 Galileo E1b/c (centered at 1575.420 MHz) :white_check_mark:
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- 🛰 BeiDou B1I (centered at 1561.098 MHz) :white_check_mark:
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||
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In the E6 band:
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||
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- 🛰 Galileo E6B (centered at 1278.750 MHz) :white_check_mark:
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||
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In the L2 band:
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||
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- 🛰 BeiDou B3I (centered at 1268.520 MHz) :white_check_mark:
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- 🛰 GLONASS L2 C/A (centered at 1246.000 MHz) :white_check_mark:
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- 🛰 GPS L2C (centered at 1227.600 MHz) :white_check_mark:
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In the L5 band:
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||
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- 🛰 Galileo E5b (centered at 1207.140 MHz) :white_check_mark:
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- 🛰 Galileo E5a (centered at 1176.450 MHz) :white_check_mark:
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- 🛰 GPS L5 (centered at 1176.450 MHz) :white_check_mark:
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GNSS-SDR provides interfaces for a wide range of radio frequency front-ends and
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raw sample file formats, generates processing outputs in standard formats,
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allows for the full inspection of the whole signal processing chain, and offers
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a framework for the development of new features. Please visit
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[https://gnss-sdr.org](https://gnss-sdr.org "GNSS-SDR website") for more
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information about this open-source, software-defined GNSS receiver.
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:sparkles: See what's new in the [changelog](./docs/CHANGELOG.md).
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# Table of Contents
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<details>
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<summary><b>(click to expand)</b></summary>
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<!-- MarkdownTOC -->
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1. [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
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2. [How to build GNSS-SDR](#how-to-build-gnss-sdr)
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1. [GNU/Linux](#gnulinux)
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1. [Alternative 1: Install dependencies using software packages](#alternative-1-install-dependencies-using-software-packages)
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1. [Debian / Ubuntu](#debian--ubuntu)
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2. [AlmaLinux](#almalinux)
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3. [Arch Linux](#arch-linux)
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4. [CentOS](#centos)
|
||
5. [Fedora](#fedora)
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||
6. [openSUSE](#opensuse)
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||
7. [Rocky Linux](#rocky-linux)
|
||
2. [Alternative 2: Install dependencies using PyBOMBS](#alternative-2-install-dependencies-using-pybombs)
|
||
3. [Manual installation of other required dependencies](#manual-installation-of-other-required-dependencies)
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||
1. [Install Armadillo, a C++ linear algebra library](#install-armadillo-a-c-linear-algebra-library)
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2. [Install Gflags, a commandline flags processing module for C++](#install-gflags-a-commandline-flags-processing-module-for-c)
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||
3. [Install Glog, a library that implements application-level logging](#install-glog-a-library-that-implements-application-level-logging)
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4. [Install the GnuTLS or OpenSSL libraries](#install-the-gnutls-or-openssl-libraries)
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5. [Install Matio, MATLAB MAT file I/O library](#install-matio-matlab-mat-file-io-library)
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6. [Install Protocol Buffers, a portable mechanism for serialization of structured data](#install-protocol-buffers-a-portable-mechanism-for-serialization-of-structured-data)
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7. [Install Pugixml, a light-weight C++ XML processing library](#install-pugixml-a-light-weight-c-xml-processing-library)
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8. [Download GoogleTest](#download-googletest)
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4. [Clone GNSS-SDR's Git repository](#clone-gnss-sdrs-git-repository)
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5. [Build and install GNSS-SDR](#build-and-install-gnss-sdr)
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1. [Build OSMOSDR support (OPTIONAL)](#build-osmosdr-support-optional)
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2. [Build FMCOMMS2 based SDR Hardware support (OPTIONAL)](#build-fmcomms2-based-sdr-hardware-support-optional)
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||
3. [Build OpenCL support (OPTIONAL)](#build-opencl-support-optional)
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||
4. [Build CUDA support (OPTIONAL)](#build-cuda-support-optional)
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||
2. [macOS](#macos)
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1. [Macports](#macports)
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||
2. [Homebrew](#homebrew)
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3. [Other package managers](#other-package-managers)
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||
4. [Build GNSS-SDR](#build-gnss-sdr)
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3. [Other builds](#other-builds)
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3. [Updating GNSS-SDR](#updating-gnss-sdr)
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4. [Getting started](#getting-started)
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5. [Using GNSS-SDR](#using-gnss-sdr)
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1. [Control plane](#control-plane)
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1. [Configuration](#configuration)
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2. [GNSS block factory](#gnss-block-factory)
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2. [Signal Processing plane](#signal-processing-plane)
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1. [Signal Source](#signal-source)
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2. [Signal Conditioner](#signal-conditioner)
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1. [Data type adapter](#data-type-adapter)
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2. [Input filter](#input-filter)
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3. [Resampler](#resampler)
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3. [Channel](#channel)
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1. [Acquisition](#acquisition)
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2. [Tracking](#tracking)
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3. [Decoding of the navigation message](#decoding-of-the-navigation-message)
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4. [Observables](#observables)
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5. [Computation of Position, Velocity, and Time](#computation-of-position-velocity-and-time)
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6. [About the software license](#about-the-software-license)
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7. [Publications and Credits](#publications-and-credits)
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8. [Ok, now what?](#ok-now-what)
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||
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||
<!-- /MarkdownTOC -->
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</details>
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# How to build GNSS-SDR
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This section describes how to set up the compilation environment in GNU/Linux or
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[macOS / Mac OS X](#macos), and to build GNSS-SDR. See also our
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[build and install page](https://gnss-sdr.org/build-and-install/ "GNSS-SDR's Build and Install").
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## GNU/Linux
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- Tested distributions: Ubuntu 14.04 LTS and above; Debian 9.0 "stretch" and
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above; Arch Linux; CentOS 7; Fedora 26 and above; OpenSUSE 42.3 and above.
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- Supported microprocessor architectures:
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- i386: Intel x86 instruction set (32-bit microprocessors).
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- amd64: also known as x86-64, the 64-bit version of the x86 instruction set,
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originally created by AMD and implemented by AMD, Intel, VIA, and others.
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- armel: ARM embedded ABI, supported on ARM v4t and higher.
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- armhf: ARM hard float, ARMv7 + VFP3-D16 floating-point hardware extension +
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Thumb-2 instruction set and above.
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- arm64: ARM 64 bits or ARMv8.
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- mips: MIPS architecture (big-endian, such as those manufactured by SGI).
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- mipsel: MIPS architecture (little-endian, such as Loongson 3).
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- mips64el: 64-bit version of MIPS architecture.
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- powerpc: the RISC 32-bit microprocessor architecture developed by IBM,
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Motorola (now Freescale), and Apple.
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- ppc64: 64-bit big-endian PowerPC architecture.
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- ppc64el: 64-bit little-endian PowerPC architecture.
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- riscv64: 64-bit RISC-V open standard instruction set architecture.
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- s390x: IBM System z architecture for mainframe computers.
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Older distribution releases might work as well, but you will need GCC 4.7 or
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newer.
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Before building GNSS-SDR, you need to install all the required dependencies.
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There are two alternatives here: through software packages or building them from
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the source code. It is in general not a good idea to mix both approaches.
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### Alternative 1: Install dependencies using software packages
|
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If you want to start building and running GNSS-SDR as quickly and easily as
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possible, the best option is to install all the required dependencies as binary
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packages.
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#### Debian / Ubuntu
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If you are using Debian 9, Ubuntu 14.10 or above, this can be done by copying
|
||
and pasting the following line in a terminal:
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||
|
||
```
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$ sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake git pkg-config libboost-dev libboost-date-time-dev \
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libboost-system-dev libboost-filesystem-dev libboost-thread-dev libboost-chrono-dev \
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libboost-serialization-dev liblog4cpp5-dev libuhd-dev gnuradio-dev gr-osmosdr \
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libblas-dev liblapack-dev libarmadillo-dev libgflags-dev libgoogle-glog-dev \
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libgnutls-openssl-dev libpcap-dev libmatio-dev libpugixml-dev libgtest-dev \
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libprotobuf-dev protobuf-compiler python3-mako
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||
```
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Please note that the required files from `libgtest-dev` were named `googletest`
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in Debian 9 "stretch" and Ubuntu 18.04 "bionic", and renamed to `libgtest-dev`
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in Debian 10 "buster" and above.
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Since Ubuntu 21.04 Hirsute / Debian 11, the package `libcpu-features-dev` is
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also required.
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**Note for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS "trusty" users:** you will need to build from source
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and install GNU Radio manually, as explained below, since GNSS-SDR requires
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`gnuradio-dev` >= 3.7.3, and Ubuntu 14.04 came with 3.7.2. Install all the
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packages above BUT EXCEPT `libuhd-dev`, `gnuradio-dev`, and `gr-osmosdr` (and
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remove them if they are already installed in your machine), and install those
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||
dependencies using PyBOMBS. The same applies to `libmatio-dev`: Ubuntu 14.04
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||
came with 1.5.2 and the minimum required version is 1.5.3. Please do not install
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||
the `libmatio-dev` package and install `libtool`, `automake` and `libhdf5-dev`
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||
instead. A recent version of the library will be downloaded and built
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||
automatically if CMake does not find it installed.
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||
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||
In distributions older than Ubuntu 16.04 or Debian 9, `python3-mako` must be
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||
replaced by `python-mako`. For Ubuntu 14.04, you will need to add the package
|
||
`python-six` to the list of dependencies.
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||
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||
Once you have installed these packages, you can jump directly to
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[download the source code and build GNSS-SDR](#clone-gnss-sdrs-git-repository).
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||
#### AlmaLinux
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||
|
||
If you are using AlmaLinux:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# dnf update -y
|
||
# dnf install -y 'dnf-command(config-manager)'
|
||
# dnf config-manager --set-enabled powertools
|
||
# dnf install -y epel-release
|
||
# dnf install -y make gcc gcc-c++ kernel-devel cmake git boost-devel \
|
||
boost-date-time boost-system boost-thread boost-chrono \
|
||
boost-serialization log4cpp-devel gmp-devel uhd-devel gnuradio-devel \
|
||
pugixml-devel matio-devel protobuf-devel glog-devel libpcap-devel \
|
||
blas-devel lapack-devel armadillo-devel openssl-devel python3-mako \
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||
libarchive
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Once you have installed these packages, you can jump directly to
|
||
[download the source code and build GNSS-SDR](#clone-gnss-sdrs-git-repository).
|
||
|
||
#### Arch Linux
|
||
|
||
If you are using Arch Linux:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ pacman -S gcc make cmake pkgconf git boost boost-libs libvolk gnuradio \
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||
blas lapack hdf5 openssl pugixml libmatio protobuf libpcap gtest \
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||
python-mako
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Once you have installed these packages, you can jump directly to
|
||
[download the source code and build GNSS-SDR](#clone-gnss-sdrs-git-repository).
|
||
|
||
#### CentOS
|
||
|
||
If you are using CentOS 7, you can install the dependencies via Extra Packages
|
||
for Enterprise Linux ([EPEL](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL)):
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ sudo yum install wget
|
||
$ wget https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
|
||
$ sudo rpm -Uvh epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
|
||
$ sudo yum install make automake gcc gcc-c++ kernel-devel libtool \
|
||
hdf5-devel cmake git boost-devel boost-date-time boost-system \
|
||
boost-filesystem boost-thread boost-chrono boost-serialization \
|
||
log4cpp-devel gnuradio-devel gr-osmosdr-devel blas-devel lapack-devel \
|
||
armadillo-devel openssl-devel libpcap-devel python-mako python-six pugixml-devel
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Once you have installed these packages, you can jump directly to
|
||
[download the source code and build GNSS-SDR](#clone-gnss-sdrs-git-repository).
|
||
|
||
#### Fedora
|
||
|
||
If you are using Fedora 26 or above, the required software dependencies can be
|
||
installed by doing:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ sudo yum install make automake gcc gcc-c++ kernel-devel cmake git boost-devel \
|
||
boost-date-time boost-system boost-filesystem boost-thread boost-chrono \
|
||
boost-serialization log4cpp-devel gnuradio-devel gr-osmosdr-devel \
|
||
blas-devel lapack-devel matio-devel armadillo-devel gflags-devel \
|
||
glog-devel openssl-devel libpcap-devel pugixml-devel python3-mako \
|
||
protobuf-devel protobuf-compiler
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
In Fedora 33 and above, you will need to add `gmp-devel` to the package list.
|
||
Optionally, you can add `uhd-devel` starting from Fedora 32.
|
||
|
||
In Fedora 36 and above, packages `spdlog-devel` and `fmt-devel` are also
|
||
required.
|
||
|
||
#### openSUSE
|
||
|
||
If you are using openSUSE Leap:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ zypper install cmake git gcc-c++ boost-devel libboost_atomic-devel \
|
||
libboost_system-devel libboost_filesystem-devel libboost_chrono-devel \
|
||
libboost_thread-devel libboost_serialization-devel log4cpp-devel \
|
||
gnuradio-devel pugixml-devel libpcap-devel armadillo-devel libtool \
|
||
automake hdf5-devel openssl-devel python3-Mako libmatio-devel
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
If you are using openSUSE Tumbleweed:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ zypper install cmake git gcc-c++ boost-devel libboost_atomic-devel \
|
||
libboost_system-devel libboost_filesystem-devel libboost_date_time-devel \
|
||
libboost_thread-devel libboost_chrono-devel libboost_serialization-devel \
|
||
spdlog-devel fmt-devel gtest gnuradio-devel pugixml-devel libpcap-devel \
|
||
armadillo-devel libtool automake hdf5-devel libopenssl-devel \
|
||
python3-Mako protobuf-devel
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Once you have installed these packages, you can jump directly to
|
||
[download the source code and build GNSS-SDR](#clone-gnss-sdrs-git-repository).
|
||
|
||
#### Rocky Linux
|
||
|
||
If you are using Rocky Linux:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ dnf install -y 'dnf-command(config-manager)'
|
||
$ dnf config-manager --set-enabled powertools
|
||
$ yum install -y epel-release
|
||
$ yum install -y make gcc gcc-c++ kernel-devel cmake git boost-devel \
|
||
boost-date-time boost-system boost-thread boost-chrono boost-serialization \
|
||
log4cpp-devel gmp-devel uhd-devel gnuradio-devel pugixml-devel matio-devel \
|
||
protobuf-devel glog-devel libpcap-devel blas-devel lapack-devel \
|
||
armadillo-devel openssl-devel python3-mako libarchive
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Once you have installed these packages, you can jump directly to
|
||
[download the source code and build GNSS-SDR](#clone-gnss-sdrs-git-repository).
|
||
|
||
### Alternative 2: Install dependencies using PyBOMBS
|
||
|
||
This option is adequate if you are interested in development, in working with
|
||
the most recent versions of software dependencies, want more fine-tuning on the
|
||
installed versions, or simply in building everything from the scratch just for
|
||
the fun of it. In such cases, we recommend using
|
||
[PyBOMBS](https://github.com/gnuradio/pybombs "Python Build Overlay Managed Bundle System")
|
||
(Python Build Overlay Managed Bundle System), GNU Radio's meta-package manager
|
||
tool that installs software from source, or whatever the local package manager
|
||
is, that automatically does all the work for you. Please take a look at the
|
||
configuration options and general PyBOMBS usage at
|
||
https://github.com/gnuradio/pybombs. Here we provide a quick step-by-step
|
||
tutorial.
|
||
|
||
First of all, install some basic packages:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ sudo apt-get install git python3-pip
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Download, build and install PyBOMBS:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ sudo pip3 install --upgrade git+https://github.com/gnuradio/pybombs.git
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Apply a configuration:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ pybombs auto-config
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Add list of default recipes:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ pybombs recipes add-defaults
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Download, build and install GNU Radio, related drivers, and some other extra
|
||
modules into the directory `/path/to/prefix` (replace this path by your
|
||
preferred one, for instance `$HOME/sdr`):
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ pybombs prefix init /path/to/prefix -a myprefix -R gnuradio-default
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This will perform a local installation of the dependencies under
|
||
`/path/to/prefix`, so they will not be visible when opening a new terminal. In
|
||
order to make them available, you will need to set up the adequate environment
|
||
variables:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ cd /path/to/prefix
|
||
$ . ./setup_env.sh
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Now you are ready to use GNU Radio and to jump into building GNSS-SDR after
|
||
installing a few other dependencies. Actually, those are steps that PyBOMBS can
|
||
do for you as well:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ pybombs install gnss-sdr
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
By default, PyBOMBS installs the ‘next’ branch of GNSS-SDR development, which is
|
||
the most recent version of the source code. This behavior can be modified by
|
||
altering the corresponding recipe at
|
||
`$HOME/.pybombs/recipes/gr-recipes/gnss-sdr.lwr`
|
||
|
||
In case you do not want to use PyBOMBS and prefer to build and install GNSS-SDR
|
||
step by step (i.e., cloning the repository and doing the usual
|
||
`cmake .. && make && make install` dance), Armadillo, GFlags, Glog, GnuTLS, and
|
||
Matio can be installed either by using PyBOMBS:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ pybombs install armadillo gflags glog gnutls matio
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
or manually as explained below, and then please follow instructions on how to
|
||
[download the source code and build GNSS-SDR](#clone-gnss-sdrs-git-repository).
|
||
|
||
### Manual installation of other required dependencies
|
||
|
||
#### Install [Armadillo](https://arma.sourceforge.net/ "Armadillo's Homepage"), a C++ linear algebra library
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ sudo apt-get install libblas-dev liblapack-dev # For Debian/Ubuntu/LinuxMint
|
||
$ sudo yum install lapack-devel blas-devel # For Fedora/CentOS/RHEL
|
||
$ sudo zypper install lapack-devel blas-devel # For OpenSUSE
|
||
$ sudo pacman -S blas lapack # For Arch Linux
|
||
$ wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/arma/files/armadillo-12.8.1.tar.xz
|
||
$ tar xvfz armadillo-12.8.1.tar.xz
|
||
$ cd armadillo-12.8.1
|
||
$ cmake .
|
||
$ make
|
||
$ sudo make install
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The full stop separated from `cmake` by a space is important.
|
||
[CMake](https://cmake.org/ "CMake's Homepage") will figure out what other
|
||
libraries are currently installed and will modify Armadillo's configuration
|
||
correspondingly. CMake will also generate a run-time armadillo library, which is
|
||
a combined alias for all the relevant libraries present on your system (e.g.,
|
||
BLAS, LAPACK, and ATLAS).
|
||
|
||
#### Install [Gflags](https://github.com/gflags/gflags "Gflags' Homepage"), a commandline flags processing module for C++
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ wget https://github.com/gflags/gflags/archive/v2.2.2.tar.gz
|
||
$ tar xvfz v2.2.2.tar.gz
|
||
$ cd gflags-2.2.2
|
||
$ cmake -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DBUILD_STATIC_LIBS=OFF -DBUILD_gflags_nothreads_LIB=OFF .
|
||
$ make
|
||
$ sudo make install
|
||
$ sudo ldconfig
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Please note that GFlags is replaced by the
|
||
[Abseil Flags Library](https://abseil.io/docs/cpp/guides/flags) if Abseil >=
|
||
v20240116 is available in your system.
|
||
|
||
#### Install [Glog](https://github.com/google/glog "Glog's Homepage"), a library that implements application-level logging
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ wget https://github.com/google/glog/archive/v0.7.0.tar.gz
|
||
$ tar xvfz v0.7.0.tar.gz
|
||
$ cd glog-0.7.0
|
||
$ mkdir build && cd build
|
||
$ cmake ..
|
||
$ make
|
||
$ sudo make install
|
||
$ sudo ldconfig
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Please note that Glog is replaced by the
|
||
[Abseil Logging Library](https://abseil.io/docs/cpp/guides/logging) if Abseil >=
|
||
v20240116 is available in your system.
|
||
|
||
#### Install the GnuTLS or OpenSSL libraries
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ sudo apt-get install libgnutls-openssl-dev # For Debian/Ubuntu/LinuxMint
|
||
$ sudo yum install openssl-devel # For Fedora/CentOS/RHEL
|
||
$ sudo zypper install openssl-devel # For OpenSUSE
|
||
$ sudo pacman -S openssl # For Arch Linux
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
In case the [GnuTLS](https://www.gnutls.org/ "GnuTLS's Homepage") library with
|
||
openssl extensions package is not available in your GNU/Linux distribution,
|
||
GNSS-SDR can also work well with
|
||
[OpenSSL](https://www.openssl.org/ "OpenSSL's Homepage").
|
||
|
||
#### Install [Matio](https://github.com/tbeu/matio "Matio's Homepage"), MATLAB MAT file I/O library
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ wget https://github.com/tbeu/matio/releases/download/v1.5.26/matio-1.5.26.tar.gz
|
||
$ tar xvfz matio-1.5.26.tar.gz
|
||
$ cd matio-1.5.26
|
||
$ ./configure
|
||
$ make
|
||
$ sudo make install
|
||
$ sudo ldconfig
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Install [Protocol Buffers](https://protobuf.dev/ "Protocol Buffers' Homepage"), a portable mechanism for serialization of structured data
|
||
|
||
GNSS-SDR requires Protocol Buffers v3.0.0 or later. If the packages that come
|
||
with your distribution are older than that (_e.g._, Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial came
|
||
with an older versions), then you will need to install it manually:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ git clone --recursive https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf.git
|
||
$ cd protobuf
|
||
$ cmake -DABSL_PROPAGATE_CXX_STD=ON -Dprotobuf_BUILD_TESTS=OFF .
|
||
$ cmake --build --config Release --target install .
|
||
$ sudo ldconfig
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
For more options, please check the
|
||
[Protocol Buffers' installation instructions](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/main/src/README.md/).
|
||
|
||
#### Install [Pugixml](https://pugixml.org/ "Pugixml's Homepage"), a light-weight C++ XML processing library
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ wget https://github.com/zeux/pugixml/releases/download/v1.14/pugixml-1.14.tar.gz
|
||
$ tar xvfz pugixml-1.14.tar.gz
|
||
$ cd pugixml-1.14
|
||
$ mkdir build && cd build
|
||
$ cmake ..
|
||
$ make
|
||
$ sudo make install
|
||
$ sudo ldconfig
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Download [GoogleTest](https://github.com/google/googletest "Googletest Homepage")
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ wget https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/refs/tags/v1.14.0.zip
|
||
$ unzip v1.14.0.zip
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Please **DO NOT build or install** Google Test. Every user needs to compile
|
||
tests using the same compiler flags used to compile the Google Test libraries;
|
||
otherwise, he or she may run into undefined behaviors (_i.e._, the tests can
|
||
behave strangely and may even crash for no obvious reasons). The explanation is
|
||
that C++ has the One-Definition Rule: if two C++ source files contain different
|
||
definitions of the same class/function/variable, and you link them together, you
|
||
violate the rule. The linker may or may not catch the error (in many cases it is
|
||
not required by the C++ standard to catch the violation). If it does not, you
|
||
get strange run-time behaviors that are unexpected and hard to debug. If you
|
||
compile Google Test and your test code using different compiler flags, they may
|
||
see different definitions of the same class/function/variable (_e.g._, due to
|
||
the use of `#if` in Google Test). Therefore, for your sanity, GNSS-SDR does not
|
||
make use of pre-compiled Google Test libraries. Instead, it compiles Google
|
||
Test's source code itself, such that it can be sure that the same flags are used
|
||
for both Google Test and the tests. The building system of GNSS-SDR manages the
|
||
compilation and linking of Google Test's source code to its own tests; it is
|
||
only required that you tell the system where the Google Test folder that you
|
||
downloaded resides. Just type in your terminal (or add it to your
|
||
`$HOME/.bashrc` file for a permanent solution) the following line:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
export GTEST_DIR=/home/username/googletest-1.14.0
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
changing `/home/username/googletest-1.14.0` by the actual path where you
|
||
unpacked Google Test. If the CMake script does not find that folder, or the
|
||
environment variable is not defined, or the source code is not installed by a
|
||
package, then it will download a fresh copy of the Google Test source code and
|
||
will compile and link it for you.
|
||
|
||
<a name="download-and-build-linux"></a>
|
||
|
||
### Clone GNSS-SDR's Git repository
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ git clone https://github.com/gnss-sdr/gnss-sdr
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Cloning the GNSS-SDR repository as in the line above will create a folder named
|
||
gnss-sdr with the following structure:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|-gnss-sdr
|
||
|---build <- where gnss-sdr is built.
|
||
|---cmake <- CMake-related files.
|
||
|---conf <- Configuration files. Each file defines one particular receiver.
|
||
|---data <- Populate this folder with your captured data.
|
||
|---docs <- Contains documentation-related files.
|
||
|---install <- Executables will be placed here.
|
||
|---src <- Source code folder.
|
||
|-----algorithms <- Signal processing blocks.
|
||
|-----core <- Control plane, interfaces, systems' parameters.
|
||
|-----main <- Main function of the C++ program.
|
||
|-----tests <- QA code.
|
||
|-----utils <- some utilities (e.g. Matlab scripts).
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
By default, you will be in the 'main' branch of the Git repository, which
|
||
corresponds to the latest stable release. If you want to try the latest
|
||
developments, you can use the 'next' branch by going to the newly created
|
||
gnss-sdr folder doing:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ git checkout next
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
More information about GNSS-SDR-specific Git usage and pointers to further
|
||
readings can be found at our
|
||
[Git tutorial](https://gnss-sdr.org/docs/tutorials/using-git/ "Using Git").
|
||
|
||
### Build and install GNSS-SDR
|
||
|
||
Go to GNSS-SDR's build directory:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ cd gnss-sdr/build
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Configure and build the application:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ cmake ..
|
||
$ make
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
By default, CMake will build the Release version, meaning that the compiler will
|
||
generate a fast, optimized executable. This is the recommended build type when
|
||
using an RF front-end and you need to attain real-time. If working with a file
|
||
(and thus without real-time constraints), you may want to obtain more
|
||
information about the internals of the receiver, as well as more fine-grained
|
||
logging. This can be done by building the Debug version, by doing:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug ..
|
||
$ make
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This will create four executables at gnss-sdr/install, namely `gnss-sdr`,
|
||
`run_tests`, `front-end-cal` and `volk_gnsssdr_profile`. You can run them from
|
||
that folder, but if you prefer to install `gnss-sdr` on your system and have it
|
||
available anywhere else, do:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ sudo make install
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This will also make a copy of the conf/ folder into
|
||
/usr/local/share/gnss-sdr/conf for your reference. We suggest creating a working
|
||
directory at your preferred location and store your own configuration and data
|
||
files there.
|
||
|
||
You could be interested in creating the documentation (requires:
|
||
`sudo apt-get install doxygen-latex` in Ubuntu/Debian) by doing:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ make doc
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
from the gnss-sdr/build folder. This will generate HTML documentation that can
|
||
be retrieved pointing your browser of preference to build/docs/html/index.html.
|
||
If a LaTeX installation is detected in your system,
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ make pdfmanual
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
will create a PDF manual at build/docs/GNSS-SDR_manual.pdf. Finally,
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ make doc-clean
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
will remove the content of previously generated documentation.
|
||
|
||
GNSS-SDR comes with a library which is a module of the Vector-Optimized Library
|
||
of Kernels (so-called
|
||
[VOLK_GNSSSDR](./src/algorithms/libs/volk_gnsssdr_module/volk_gnsssdr/README.md))
|
||
and a profiler that will build a config file for the best SIMD architecture for
|
||
your processor. Run `volk_gnsssdr_profile` that is installed into `$PREFIX/bin`.
|
||
This program tests all known VOLK kernels for each architecture supported by the
|
||
processor. When finished, it will write to
|
||
`$HOME/.volk_gnsssdr/volk_gnsssdr_config` the best architecture for the VOLK
|
||
function. This file is read when using a function to know the best version of
|
||
the function to execute. It mimics GNU Radio's [VOLK](https://www.libvolk.org/)
|
||
library, so if you still have not run `volk_profile`, this is a good moment to
|
||
do so.
|
||
|
||
If you are using [Eclipse](https://www.eclipse.org/ide/) as your development
|
||
environment, CMake can create the project for you. However, if the build
|
||
directory is a subdirectory of the source directory (as is the case of the
|
||
`gnss-sdr/build` folder), this is not supported well by Eclipse. It is strongly
|
||
recommended to use a build directory which is a sibling of the source directory.
|
||
Hence, type from the `gnss-sdr` root folder:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ cd ..
|
||
$ mkdir eclipse && cd eclipse
|
||
$ cmake -G "Eclipse CDT4 - Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_ECLIPSE_GENERATE_SOURCE_PROJECT=TRUE -DCMAKE_ECLIPSE_VERSION=4.5 ../gnss-sdr
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
and then import the created project into Eclipse:
|
||
|
||
1. Import project using Menu File -> Import.
|
||
2. Select General -> Existing projects into workspace.
|
||
3. Select your root directory: Browse and select your newly created `eclipse/`
|
||
directory. Keep "Copy projects into workspace" unchecked.
|
||
4. Click on "Finish" and you will get a fully functional Eclipse project.
|
||
|
||
After building the project, you will find the generated binaries at
|
||
`eclipse/install`.
|
||
|
||
#### Build OSMOSDR support (OPTIONAL)
|
||
|
||
Install the [OsmoSDR](https://osmocom.org/projects/sdr "OsmoSDR's Homepage")
|
||
library and GNU Radio's source block:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ git clone git://git.osmocom.org/osmo-sdr.git
|
||
$ cd osmo-sdr/software/libosmosdr
|
||
$ mkdir build
|
||
$ cd build/
|
||
$ cmake ..
|
||
$ make
|
||
$ sudo make install
|
||
$ sudo ldconfig
|
||
$ cd ../..
|
||
$ git clone git://git.osmocom.org/gr-osmosdr
|
||
$ cd gr-osmosdr
|
||
$ mkdir build
|
||
$ cd build
|
||
$ cmake .. -Wno-dev
|
||
$ make
|
||
$ sudo make install
|
||
$ sudo ldconfig
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Then, configure GNSS-SDR to build the `Osmosdr_Signal_Source` by:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ cmake -DENABLE_OSMOSDR=ON ..
|
||
$ make
|
||
$ sudo make install
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
(in order to disable the `Osmosdr_Signal_Source` compilation, you can pass
|
||
`-DENABLE_OSMOSDR=OFF` to cmake and build GNSS-SDR again).
|
||
|
||
#### Build FMCOMMS2 based SDR Hardware support (OPTIONAL)
|
||
|
||
Install the [libiio](https://github.com/analogdevicesinc/libiio.git) (>=v0.11),
|
||
[libad9361](https://github.com/analogdevicesinc/libad9361-iio.git) (>=v0.1-1)
|
||
libraries and [gr-iio](https://github.com/analogdevicesinc/gr-iio.git) (>v0.3)
|
||
gnuradio block:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev bison flex
|
||
$ git clone https://github.com/analogdevicesinc/libiio.git
|
||
$ cd libiio
|
||
$ mkdir build
|
||
$ cd build
|
||
$ cmake ..
|
||
$ make && sudo make install && sudo ldconfig
|
||
$ cd ../..
|
||
$ git clone https://github.com/analogdevicesinc/libad9361-iio.git
|
||
$ cd libad9361-iio
|
||
$ mkdir build
|
||
$ cd build
|
||
$ cmake ..
|
||
$ make && sudo make install && sudo ldconfig
|
||
$ cd ../..
|
||
$ git clone https://github.com/analogdevicesinc/gr-iio.git
|
||
$ cd gr-iio
|
||
$ mkdir build
|
||
$ cd build
|
||
$ cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr ..
|
||
$ make && sudo make install && sudo ldconfig
|
||
$ cd ../..
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Then configure GNSS-SDR to build the `Fmcomms2_Signal_Source` implementation:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ cd gnss-sdr/build
|
||
$ cmake -DENABLE_FMCOMMS2=ON ..
|
||
$ make
|
||
$ sudo make install
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
or configure it to build `Plutosdr_Signal_Source`:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ cmake -DENABLE_PLUTOSDR=ON ..
|
||
$ make
|
||
$ sudo make install
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
With `Fmcomms2_Signal_Source` you can use any SDR hardware based on
|
||
[FMCOMMS2](https://wiki.analog.com/resources/eval/user-guides/ad-fmcomms2-ebz),
|
||
including the ADALM-PLUTO (PlutoSdr) by configuring correctly the .conf file.
|
||
The `Plutosdr_Signal_Source` offers a simpler manner to use the ADALM-PLUTO
|
||
because implements only a subset of FMCOMMS2's parameters valid for those
|
||
devices.
|
||
|
||
#### Build OpenCL support (OPTIONAL)
|
||
|
||
In order to enable the building of blocks that use OpenCL, type:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ cmake -DENABLE_OPENCL=ON ..
|
||
$ make
|
||
$ sudo make install
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Build CUDA support (OPTIONAL)
|
||
|
||
In order to enable the building of blocks that use CUDA, NVIDIA's parallel
|
||
programming model that enables graphics processing unit (GPU) acceleration for
|
||
data-parallel computations, first you need to install the CUDA Toolkit from
|
||
[NVIDIA Developers Download page](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads "CUDA Downloads").
|
||
Make sure that the SDK samples build well. Then, build GNSS-SDR by doing:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ cmake -DENABLE_CUDA=ON ..
|
||
$ make
|
||
$ sudo make install
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Of course, you will also need a GPU that
|
||
[supports CUDA](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus "CUDA GPUs").
|
||
|
||
## macOS
|
||
|
||
GNSS-SDR can be built on macOS (or the former Mac OS X), starting from 10.9
|
||
(Mavericks) and including 14 (Sonoma). If you still have not installed
|
||
[Xcode](https://developer.apple.com/xcode/ "Xcode"), do it now from the App
|
||
Store (it's free). You will also need the Xcode Command Line Tools, which do not
|
||
come by default in macOS versions older than Big Sur. If you are using an older
|
||
version, please launch the Terminal, found in /Applications/Utilities/, and
|
||
type:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ xcode-select --install
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Agree to Xcode license:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ sudo xcodebuild -license
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Software pre-requisites can be installed using either [Macports](#macports) or
|
||
[Homebrew](#homebrew).
|
||
|
||
### Macports
|
||
|
||
First, [install Macports](https://www.macports.org/install.php). If you are
|
||
upgrading from a previous installation, please follow the
|
||
[migration rules](https://trac.macports.org/wiki/Migration).
|
||
|
||
In a terminal, type:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ sudo port selfupdate
|
||
$ sudo port upgrade outdated
|
||
$ sudo port install armadillo cmake pkgconfig protobuf3-cpp pugixml gnutls
|
||
$ sudo port install gnuradio +uhd +grc +zeromq
|
||
$ sudo port install boost matio libad9361-iio libiio
|
||
$ sudo port install py311-mako
|
||
$ sudo port install doxygen +docs
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
For macOS versions older than Sonoma, you will also need LAPACK:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ sudo port install lapack
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
You also might need to activate a Python installation. The list of installed
|
||
versions can be retrieved with:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ port select --list python
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
and you can activate a certain version by typing:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ sudo port select --set python python311
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Homebrew
|
||
|
||
First, install [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/). Paste this in a terminal prompt:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ /usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The script explains what it will do, and then it pauses before doing it. There
|
||
are more installation options [here](https://docs.brew.sh/Installation.html).
|
||
|
||
Install the required dependencies:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ brew update && brew upgrade
|
||
$ brew install armadillo cmake hdf5 gnuradio libmatio openssl pkg-config protobuf pugixml
|
||
$ brew install --cask mactex # when completed, restart Terminal
|
||
$ brew install graphviz doxygen
|
||
¢ pip3 install mako
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
For macOS versions older than Sonoma, you will also need LAPACK:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ brew install lapack
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Other package managers
|
||
|
||
GNU Radio and other dependencies can also be installed using other package
|
||
managers than Macports, such as [Fink](https://www.finkproject.org/ "Fink").
|
||
Since the version of Python that ships with OS X is great for learning but it is
|
||
not good for development, you could have another Python executable in a
|
||
non-standard location. If that is the case, you need to inform GNSS-SDR's
|
||
configuration system by defining the `PYTHON_EXECUTABLE` variable as:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ cmake -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=/path/to/bin/python3 ..
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
In case you have installed Macports in a non-standard location, you can use:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ cmake -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/opt/local -DUSE_MACPORTS_PYTHON=/opt/local/bin/python ..
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
changing `/opt/local` by the base directory in which your software is installed.
|
||
|
||
The CMake script will create Makefiles that download, build and link Armadillo,
|
||
Gflags, Glog, Matio, Protocol Buffers, PugiXML and Google Test on the fly at
|
||
compile time if they are not detected in your machine.
|
||
|
||
### Build GNSS-SDR
|
||
|
||
Finally, you are ready to clone the GNSS-SDR repository, configure and build the
|
||
software:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ git clone https://github.com/gnss-sdr/gnss-sdr
|
||
$ cd gnss-sdr/build
|
||
$ cmake ..
|
||
$ make
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This will create three executables at gnss-sdr/install, namely `gnss-sdr`,
|
||
`run_tests` and `volk_gnsssdr_profile`. You can install the software receiver on
|
||
your system by doing:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ sudo make install
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Note, it is advisable not to run the install step in a homebrew environment.
|
||
|
||
The documentation can be built by:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ make doc
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
and can be viewed doing:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ open ./docs/html/index.html
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
GNSS-SDR comes with a library which is a module of the Vector-Optimized Library
|
||
of Kernels (so-called
|
||
[VOLK_GNSSSDR](./src/algorithms/libs/volk_gnsssdr_module/volk_gnsssdr/README.md))
|
||
and a profiler that will build a config file for the best SIMD architecture for
|
||
your processor. Run `volk_gnsssdr_profile` that is installed into `$PREFIX/bin`.
|
||
This program tests all known VOLK kernels for each architecture supported by the
|
||
processor. When finished, it will write to
|
||
`$HOME/.volk_gnsssdr/volk_gnsssdr_config` the best architecture for the VOLK
|
||
function. This file is read when using a function to know the best version of
|
||
the function to execute. It mimics GNU Radio's [VOLK](https://www.libvolk.org/)
|
||
library, so if you still have not run `volk_profile`, this is a good moment to
|
||
do so.
|
||
|
||
## Other builds
|
||
|
||
- **Docker image**: A technology providing operating-system-level virtualization
|
||
to build, ship, and run distributed applications, whether on laptops, data
|
||
center VMs, or the cloud. Visit
|
||
[https://github.com/carlesfernandez/docker-gnsssdr](https://github.com/carlesfernandez/docker-gnsssdr)
|
||
or
|
||
[https://github.com/carlesfernandez/docker-pybombs-gnsssdr](https://github.com/carlesfernandez/docker-pybombs-gnsssdr)
|
||
for instructions.
|
||
|
||
- **Snap package**: [Snaps](https://snapcraft.io) are Linux packages aimed for
|
||
Ubuntu or Ubuntu-like distros. Visit
|
||
[https://github.com/carlesfernandez/snapcraft-sandbox](https://github.com/carlesfernandez/snapcraft-sandbox)
|
||
for instructions, or directly
|
||
[get the software from the Snap Store](https://snapcraft.io/gnss-sdr-next):
|
||
|
||
<p align="center">
|
||
<a href="https://snapcraft.io/gnss-sdr-next"><img src="https://snapcraft.io/static/images/badges/en/snap-store-white.svg" alt="Get GNSS-SDR from the Snap Store"></a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
- **GNSS-SDR in embedded platforms**: we provide a Software Development Kit
|
||
(SDK) based on [OpenEmbedded](https://www.openembedded.org/wiki/Main_Page) for
|
||
cross-compiling GNSS-SDR in your desktop computer and for producing
|
||
executables that can run in embedded platforms, such as Xilinx's Zynq and
|
||
ZynqMP architectures, Raspberry Pi, and many others. Please check
|
||
[yocto-geniux](https://github.com/carlesfernandez/yocto-geniux) for
|
||
instructions on how to build bootable images.
|
||
|
||
# Updating GNSS-SDR
|
||
|
||
If you cloned or forked GNSS-SDR some time ago, it is possible that some
|
||
developer has updated files at the Git repository. If you still have not done
|
||
so, add the `upstream` repository to the list of remotes:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ git remote add upstream https://github.com/gnss-sdr/gnss-sdr.git
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
and then you can update your working copy by doing:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ git checkout main # Switch to branch you want to update
|
||
$ git pull upstream main # Download the newest code from our repository
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
or, if you want to test the latest developments:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ git checkout next
|
||
$ git pull upstream next
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Before rebuilding the source code, it is safe (and recommended) to remove the
|
||
remainders of old compilations:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ rm -rf gnss-sdr/build/*
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
If you are interested in contributing to the development of GNSS-SDR, please
|
||
check out
|
||
[how to do it](https://gnss-sdr.org/contribute/ "How to contribute to GNSS-SDR source code").
|
||
|
||
There is a more controlled way to upgrade your repository, which is to use the
|
||
Git commands `fetch` and `merge`, as described in our
|
||
[Git Tutorial](https://gnss-sdr.org/docs/tutorials/using-git/ "Using Git").
|
||
|
||
# Getting started
|
||
|
||
1. After building the code, you will find the `gnss-sdr` executable file at
|
||
gnss-sdr/install. You can make it available everywhere else by
|
||
`sudo make install`. Run the profilers `volk_profile` and
|
||
`volk_gnsssdr_profile` for testing all available VOLK kernels for each
|
||
architecture supported by your processor. This only has to be done once.
|
||
2. In post-processing mode, you have to provide a captured GNSS signal file. 1.
|
||
The signal file can be easily recorded using the GNU Radio file sink in
|
||
`gr_complex<float>` mode. 2. You will need a GPS active antenna, a
|
||
[USRP](https://www.ettus.com/products/) and a suitable USRP daughter board to
|
||
receive GPS L1 C/A signals. GNSS-SDR requires to have at least 2 MHz of
|
||
bandwidth in 1.57542 GHz. (remember to enable the DC bias with the
|
||
daughterboard jumper). We use a
|
||
[DBSRX2](https://www.ettus.com/all-products/DBSRX2/) to do the task, but you
|
||
can try the newer Ettus' daughter boards as well. 3. The easiest way to
|
||
capture a signal file is to use the GNU Radio Companion GUI. Only two blocks
|
||
are needed: a USRP signal source connected to a complex float file sink. You
|
||
need to tune the USRP central frequency and decimation factor using the USRP
|
||
signal source properties box. We suggest using a decimation factor of 20 if
|
||
you use the USRP2. This will give you 100/20 = 5 MSPS which will be enough to
|
||
receive GPS L1 C/A signals. The front-end gain should also be configured. In
|
||
our test with the DBSRX2 we obtained good results with `G=50`. 4. Capture at
|
||
least 80 seconds of signal in open sky conditions. During the process, be
|
||
aware of USRP driver buffer underruns messages. If your hard disk is not fast
|
||
enough to write data at this speed you can capture it to a virtual RAM drive.
|
||
80 seconds of signal at 5 MSPS occupies less than 3 Gbytes using
|
||
`gr_complex<float>`. If you have no access to an RF front-end, you can
|
||
download a sample raw data file (that contains GPS and Galileo signals) from
|
||
[here](https://sourceforge.net/projects/gnss-sdr/files/data/).
|
||
3. You are ready to configure the receiver to use your captured file among other
|
||
parameters:
|
||
1. The default configuration file resides at
|
||
[/usr/local/share/gnss-sdr/conf/default.conf](./conf/gnss-sdr.conf).
|
||
2. You need to review/modify at least the following settings:
|
||
- `SignalSource.filename=` (absolute or relative route to your GNSS signal
|
||
captured file)
|
||
- `GNSS-SDR.internal_fs_sps=` (captured file sampling rate in samples per
|
||
second)
|
||
- `SignalSource.sampling_frequency=` (captured file sampling rate in
|
||
samples per second)
|
||
- `SignalConditioner.sample_freq_in=` (captured file sampling rate in
|
||
samples per second)
|
||
- `SignalConditioner.sample_freq_out=` (captured file sampling rate in
|
||
samples per second)
|
||
3. The configuration file has in-line documentation, you can try to tune the
|
||
number of channels and several receiver parameters. Store your .conf file
|
||
in some working directory of your choice.
|
||
4. Run the receiver invoking the configuration by
|
||
`$ gnss-sdr --config_file=/path/to/my_receiver.conf` The program reports the
|
||
current status in text mode, directly to the terminal window. If all goes
|
||
well, and GNSS-SDR is able to successfully track and decode at least 4
|
||
satellites, you will get PVT fixes. The program will write .kml, .geojson and
|
||
RINEX files in the folder from which `gnss-sdr` was run. In addition to the
|
||
console output, GNSS-SDR also writes log files at /tmp/ (configurable with
|
||
the commandline flag `./gnss-sdr --log_dir=/path/to/log`).
|
||
|
||
For more information, check out our
|
||
[quick start guide](https://gnss-sdr.org/quick-start-guide/).
|
||
|
||
# Using GNSS-SDR
|
||
|
||
With GNSS-SDR, you can define your own receiver, work with captured raw data or
|
||
from an RF front-end, dump into files intermediate signals, or tune every single
|
||
algorithm used in the signal processing. All the configuration is done in a
|
||
single file. Those configuration files reside at the [gnss-sdr/conf/](./conf/)
|
||
folder (or at /usr/local/share/gnss-sdr/conf if you installed the program). By
|
||
default, the executable `gnss-sdr` will read the configuration available at
|
||
`gnss-sdr/conf/gnss-sdr.conf` (or at (usr/local/share/gnss-sdr/conf/default.conf
|
||
if you installed the program). You can edit that file to fit your needs, or even
|
||
better, define a new `my_receiver.conf` file with your own configuration. This
|
||
new receiver can be generated by invoking gnss-sdr with the `--config_file` flag
|
||
pointing to your configuration file:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ gnss-sdr --config_file=/path/to/my_receiver.conf
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
You can use a single configuration file for processing different data files,
|
||
specifying the file to be processed with the `--signal_source` flag:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ gnss-sdr --config_file=../conf/my_receiver.conf --signal_source=../data/my_captured_data.dat
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This will override the `SignalSource.filename` specified in the configuration
|
||
file.
|
||
|
||
## Control plane
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
GNSS-SDR's main method initializes the logging library, processes the command
|
||
line flags, if any, provided by the user and instantiates a
|
||
[ControlThread](./src/core/receiver/control_thread.h) object. Its constructor
|
||
reads the configuration file, creates a control queue, and creates a flowgraph
|
||
according to the configuration. Then, the program's main method calls the run()
|
||
method of the instantiated object, an action that connects the flowgraph and
|
||
starts running it. After that, and until a stop message is received, it reads
|
||
control messages sent by the receiver's modules through a safe-thread queue and
|
||
processes them. Finally, when a stop message is received, the main method
|
||
executes the destructor of the ControlThread object, which deallocates memory,
|
||
does other cleanup, and exits the program.
|
||
|
||
The [GNSSFlowgraph](./src/core/receiver/gnss_flowgraph.h) class is responsible
|
||
for preparing the graph of blocks according to the configuration, running it,
|
||
modifying it during run-time, and stopping it. Blocks are identified by their
|
||
role. This class knows which roles it has to instantiate and how to connect
|
||
them. It relies on the configuration to get the correct instances of the roles
|
||
it needs and then it applies the connections between GNU Radio blocks to make
|
||
the graph ready to be started. The complexity related to managing the blocks and
|
||
the data stream is handled by GNU Radio's `gr::top_block` class. GNSSFlowgraph
|
||
wraps the `gr::top_block` instance so we can take advantage of the
|
||
`gnss_block_factory` (see below), the configuration system, and the processing
|
||
blocks. This class is also responsible for applying changes to the configuration
|
||
of the flowgraph during run-time, dynamically reconfiguring channels: it selects
|
||
the strategy for selecting satellites. This can range from a sequential search
|
||
over all the satellites' ID to other more efficient approaches.
|
||
|
||
The Control Plane is in charge of creating a flowgraph according to the
|
||
configuration and then managing the modules. Configuration allows users to
|
||
define in an easy way their own custom receiver by specifying the flowgraph
|
||
(type of signal source, number of channels, algorithms to be used for each
|
||
channel and each module, strategies for satellite selection, type of output
|
||
format, etc.). Since it is difficult to foresee what future module
|
||
implementations will be needed in terms of configuration, we used a very simple
|
||
approach that can be extended without a major impact on the code. This can be
|
||
achieved by simply mapping the names of the variables in the modules with the
|
||
names of the parameters in the configuration.
|
||
|
||
### Configuration
|
||
|
||
Properties are passed around within the program using the
|
||
[ConfigurationInterface](./src/core/interfaces/configuration_interface.h) class.
|
||
There are two implementations of this interface:
|
||
[FileConfiguration](./src/core/receiver/file_configuration.h) and
|
||
[InMemoryConfiguration](./src/core/receiver/in_memory_configuration.h).
|
||
FileConfiguration reads the properties (pairs of property name and value) from a
|
||
file and stores them internally. InMemoryConfiguration does not read from a
|
||
file; it remains empty after instantiation and property values and names are set
|
||
using the set property method. FileConfiguration is intended to be used in the
|
||
actual GNSS-SDR application whereas InMemoryConfiguration is intended to be used
|
||
in tests to avoid file-dependency in the file system. Classes that need to read
|
||
configuration parameters will receive instances of ConfigurationInterface from
|
||
where they will fetch the values. For instance, parameters related to
|
||
SignalSource should look like this:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
SignalSource.parameter1=value1
|
||
SignalSource.parameter2=value2
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The name of these parameters can be anything but one reserved word:
|
||
implementation. This parameter indicates in its value the name of the class that
|
||
has to be instantiated by the factory for that role. For instance, if our signal
|
||
source is providing data already at baseband and thus we want to use the
|
||
implementation [Pass_Through](./src/algorithms/libs/pass_through.h) for module
|
||
SignalConditioner, the corresponding line in the configuration file would be
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
SignalConditioner.implementation=Pass_Through
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Since the configuration is just a set of property names and values without any
|
||
meaning or syntax, the system is very versatile and easily extendable. Adding
|
||
new properties to the system only implies modifications in the classes that will
|
||
make use of these properties. In addition, the configuration files are not
|
||
checked against any strict syntax so it is always in a correct status (as long
|
||
as it contains pairs of property names and values in the
|
||
[INI format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INI_file)).
|
||
|
||
### GNSS block factory
|
||
|
||
Hence, the application defines a simple accessor class to fetch the
|
||
configuration pairs of values and passes them to a factory class called
|
||
[GNSSBlockFactory](./src/core/receiver/gnss_block_factory.h). This factory
|
||
decides, according to the configuration, which class needs to be instantiated
|
||
and which parameters should be passed to the constructor. Hence, the factory
|
||
encapsulates the complexity of blocks' instantiation. With that approach, adding
|
||
a new block that requires new parameters will be as simple as adding the block
|
||
class and modifying the factory to be able to instantiate it. This loose
|
||
coupling between the blocks' implementations and the syntax of the configuration
|
||
enables extending the application capacities to a high degree. It also allows
|
||
producing fully customized receivers, for instance a testbed for acquisition
|
||
algorithms, and to place observers at any point of the receiver chain.
|
||
|
||
More information can be found at the
|
||
[Control Plane page](https://gnss-sdr.org/docs/control-plane/).
|
||
|
||
## Signal Processing plane
|
||
|
||
GNU Radio's class `gr::basic_block` is the abstract base class for all signal
|
||
processing blocks, a bare abstraction of an entity that has a name and a set of
|
||
inputs and outputs. It is never instantiated directly; rather, this is the
|
||
abstract parent class of both `gr::hier_block2`, which is a recursive container
|
||
that adds or removes processing or hierarchical blocks to the internal graph,
|
||
and `gr::block`, which is the abstract base class for all the processing blocks.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
A signal processing flow is constructed by creating a tree of hierarchical
|
||
blocks, which at any level may also contain terminal nodes that actually
|
||
implement signal processing functions.
|
||
|
||
Class `gr::top_block` is the top-level hierarchical block representing a
|
||
flowgraph. It defines GNU Radio runtime functions used during the execution of
|
||
the program: run(), start(), stop(), wait(), etc. A subclass called
|
||
[GNSSBlockInterface](./src/core/interfaces/gnss_block_interface.h) is the common
|
||
interface for all the GNSS-SDR modules. It defines pure virtual methods, that
|
||
are required to be implemented by a derived class.
|
||
|
||
Subclassing GNSSBlockInterface, we defined interfaces for the GNSS receiver
|
||
blocks depicted in the figure above. This hierarchy provides the definition of
|
||
different algorithms and different implementations, which will be instantiated
|
||
according to the configuration. This strategy allows multiple implementations to
|
||
share a common interface, achieving the objective of decoupling interfaces from
|
||
implementations: it defines a family of algorithms, encapsulates each one, and
|
||
makes them interchangeable. Hence, we let the algorithm vary independently of
|
||
the program that uses it.
|
||
|
||
Internally, GNSS-SDR makes use of the complex data types defined by
|
||
[VOLK](https://www.libvolk.org/ "Vector-Optimized Library of Kernels home").
|
||
They are fundamental for handling sample streams in which samples are complex
|
||
numbers with real and imaginary components of 8, 16, or 32 bits, common formats
|
||
delivered by GNSS (and generic SDR) radio frequency front-ends. The following
|
||
list shows the data type names that GNSS-SDR exposes through the configuration
|
||
file:
|
||
|
||
- **`byte`**: Signed integer, 8-bit two's complement number ranging from -128
|
||
to 127. C++ type name: `int8_t`.
|
||
- **`short`**: Signed integer, 16-bit two's complement number ranging from
|
||
-32768 to 32767. C++ type name: `int16_t` .
|
||
- **`float`**: Defines numbers with fractional parts, can represent values
|
||
ranging from approx. 1.5e-45 to 3.4e+38 with a precision of 7 digits (32
|
||
bits). C++ type name: `float`.
|
||
- **`ibyte`**: Interleaved (I&Q) stream of samples of type `byte`. C++ type
|
||
name: `int8_t`.
|
||
- **`ishort`**: Interleaved (I&Q) stream of samples of type `short`. C++ type
|
||
name: `int16_t`.
|
||
- **`cbyte`**: Complex samples, with real and imaginary parts of type `byte`.
|
||
C++ type name: `lv_8sc_t`.
|
||
- **`cshort`**: Complex samples, with real and imaginary parts of type `short`.
|
||
C++ type name: `lv_16sc_t`.
|
||
- **`gr_complex`**: Complex samples, with real and imaginary parts of type
|
||
`float`. C++ type name: `std::complex<float>`.
|
||
|
||
More information about the available processing blocks and their configuration
|
||
parameters can be found at the
|
||
[Signal Processing Blocks documentation page](https://gnss-sdr.org/docs/sp-blocks/).
|
||
|
||
### Signal Source
|
||
|
||
The inputs of a software receiver are the raw bits that come out from the
|
||
front-end's analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Those bits can be read from a
|
||
file stored in the hard disk or directly in real-time from a hardware device
|
||
through USB or Ethernet buses.
|
||
|
||
The Signal Source module is in charge of implementing the hardware driver, that
|
||
is, the portion of the code that communicates with the RF front-end and receives
|
||
the samples coming from the ADC. This communication is usually performed through
|
||
USB or Ethernet buses. Since real-time processing requires a highly optimized
|
||
implementation of the whole receiver, this module also allows reading samples
|
||
from a file stored in a hard disk, and thus processing without time constraints.
|
||
Relevant parameters of those samples are the intermediate frequency (or baseband
|
||
I&Q components), the sampling rate, and the number of bits per sample, which
|
||
must be specified by the user in the configuration file.
|
||
|
||
This module also performs bit-depth adaptation, since most of the existing RF
|
||
front-ends provide samples quantized with 2 or 3 bits, while operations inside
|
||
the processor are performed on 32- or 64-bit words, depending on its
|
||
architecture. Although there are implementations of the most intensive
|
||
computational processes (mainly correlation) that take advantage of specific
|
||
data types and architectures for the sake of efficiency, the approach is
|
||
processor-specific and hardly portable. We suggest keeping signal samples in
|
||
standard data types and letting the compiler select the best library version
|
||
(implemented using SIMD or any other processor-specific technology) of the
|
||
required routines for a given processor.
|
||
|
||
**_Example: File Signal Source_**
|
||
|
||
The user can configure the receiver for reading from a file, setting in the
|
||
configuration file the data file location, sample format, and the sampling
|
||
frequency and intermediate frequency at what the signal was originally captured.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
;######### SIGNAL_SOURCE CONFIG ############
|
||
SignalSource.implementation=File_Signal_Source
|
||
SignalSource.filename=/home/user/gnss-sdr/data/my_capture.dat
|
||
SignalSource.item_type=gr_complex
|
||
SignalSource.sampling_frequency=4000000 ; Sampling frequency in samples per second (Sps)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Type `gr_complex` refers to a GNU Radio typedef equivalent to
|
||
`std::complex<float>`. In order to save some storage space, you might want to
|
||
store your signal in a more efficient format such as an I/Q interleaved `short`
|
||
integer sample stream. In that case, change the corresponding line to:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
SignalSource.item_type=ishort
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
In this latter case, you will need to convert the interleaved I/Q samples to a
|
||
complex stream via Data Type Adapter block (see below).
|
||
|
||
**_Example: Two-bit packed file source_**
|
||
|
||
Sometimes, samples are stored in files with a format that is not in the list of
|
||
_native_ types supported by the `File_Signal_Source` implementation (i.e, it is
|
||
not among `byte`, `ibyte`, `short`, `ishort`, `float`, or `gr_complex`). This is
|
||
the case of 2-bit samples, which is a common format delivered by GNSS RF
|
||
front-ends. The `Two_Bit_Packed_File_Signal_Source` implementation allows
|
||
reading two-bit length samples from a file. The data is assumed to be packed as
|
||
bytes `item_type=byte` or shorts `item_type=short` so that there are 4 two-bit
|
||
samples in each byte. The two-bit values are assumed to have the following
|
||
interpretation:
|
||
|
||
| **b_1** | **b_0** | **Value** |
|
||
| :-----: | :-----: | :-------: |
|
||
| 0 | 0 | +1 |
|
||
| 0 | 1 | +3 |
|
||
| 1 | 0 | -3 |
|
||
| 1 | 1 | -1 |
|
||
|
||
Within a byte the samples may be packed in big-endian `big_endian_bytes=true`
|
||
(if the most significant byte value is stored at the memory location with the
|
||
lowest address, the next byte value in significance is stored at the following
|
||
memory location, and so on) or little-endian `big_endian_bytes=false` (if the
|
||
least significant byte value is at the lowest address, and the other bytes
|
||
follow in increasing order of significance). If the order is big-endian then the
|
||
most significant two bits will form the first sample output. Otherwise, the
|
||
least significant two bits will be used.
|
||
|
||
Additionally, the samples may be either real `sample_type=real`, or complex. If
|
||
the sample type is complex, then the samples are either stored in the order:
|
||
real, imag, real, imag, ... `sample_type=iq` or in the order: imag, real, imag,
|
||
real, ... `sample_type=qi`.
|
||
|
||
Finally, if the data is stored as shorts `item_type=short`, then it may be
|
||
stored in either big-endian `big_endian_items=true` or little-endian
|
||
`big_endian_items=false`. If the shorts are big-endian then the 2nd byte in each
|
||
short is output first.
|
||
|
||
The output data type is either `float` or `gr_complex` depending on whether or
|
||
not `sample_type` is real. Example:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
;######### SIGNAL_SOURCE CONFIG ############
|
||
SignalSource.implementation=Two_Bit_Packed_File_Signal_Source
|
||
SignalSource.filename=/data/my_capture.datz
|
||
SignalSource.item_type=short
|
||
SignalSource.sampling_frequency=60000000
|
||
SignalSource.freq=1575468750
|
||
SignalSource.samples=6000000000 ; Notice that 0 indicates the entire file.
|
||
SignalSource.repeat=false
|
||
SignalSource.dump=false
|
||
SignalSource.dump_filename=./signal_source.dat
|
||
SignalSource.enable_throttle_control=false
|
||
SignalSource.sample_type=iq
|
||
SignalSource.big_endian_items=true
|
||
SignalSource.big_endian_bytes=false
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**_Example: UHD Signal Source_**
|
||
|
||
The user may prefer to use a [UHD](https://files.ettus.com/manual/)-compatible
|
||
RF front-end and try real-time processing. For instance, for a USRP1 + DBSRX
|
||
daughterboard, use:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
;######### SIGNAL_SOURCE CONFIG ############
|
||
SignalSource.implementation=UHD_Signal_Source
|
||
SignalSource.item_type=gr_complex
|
||
SignalSource.sampling_frequency=4000000 ; Sampling frequency in [Hz]
|
||
SignalSource.freq=1575420000 ; RF front-end center frequency in [Hz]
|
||
SignalSource.gain=60 ; Front-end gain in dB
|
||
SignalSource.subdevice=B:0 ; UHD subdevice specification (for USRP1 use A:0 or B:0, for USRP B210 use A:0)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**_Example: Configuring the USRP X300/X310 with two front-ends for receiving
|
||
signals in L1 and L2 bands_**
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
;######### SIGNAL_SOURCE CONFIG ############
|
||
SignalSource.implementation=UHD_Signal_Source
|
||
SignalSource.device_address=192.168.40.2 ; Put your USRP IP address here
|
||
SignalSource.item_type=gr_complex
|
||
SignalSource.RF_channels=2
|
||
SignalSource.sampling_frequency=4000000
|
||
SignalSource.subdevice=A:0 B:0
|
||
|
||
;######### RF Channels specific settings ######
|
||
SignalSource.freq0=1575420000
|
||
SignalSource.gain0=50
|
||
SignalSource.samples0=0
|
||
SignalSource.dump0=false
|
||
|
||
SignalSource.freq1=1227600000
|
||
SignalSource.gain1=50
|
||
SignalSource.samples1=0
|
||
SignalSource.dump1=false
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**_Example: OsmoSDR-compatible Signal Source_**
|
||
|
||
[OsmoSDR](https://osmocom.org/projects/sdr) is a small form-factor, inexpensive
|
||
software defined radio project. It provides a driver for several front-ends,
|
||
such as [RTL-based dongles](https://www.rtl-sdr.com/tag/v3/),
|
||
[HackRF](https://greatscottgadgets.com/hackrf/),
|
||
[bladeRF](https://www.nuand.com/),
|
||
[LimeSDR](https://myriadrf.org/projects/limesdr/),
|
||
[etc](https://github.com/osmocom/gr-osmosdr/blob/master/README). Note that not
|
||
all the OsmoSDR-compatible devices can work as radio frequency front-ends for
|
||
proper GNSS signal reception, please check the specifications. For suitable RF
|
||
front-ends, you can use:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
;######### SIGNAL_SOURCE CONFIG ############
|
||
SignalSource.implementation=Osmosdr_Signal_Source
|
||
SignalSource.item_type=gr_complex
|
||
SignalSource.sampling_frequency=2000000
|
||
SignalSource.freq=1575420000
|
||
SignalSource.rf_gain=40
|
||
SignalSource.if_gain=30
|
||
SignalSource.enable_throttle_control=false
|
||
SignalSource.osmosdr_args=hackrf,bias=1
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
For [RTL-SDR Blog V3](https://www.rtl-sdr.com/tag/v3/) dongles, the arguments
|
||
are:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
SignalSource.osmosdr_args=rtl,bias=1
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
and for [LimeSDR](https://myriadrf.org/projects/limesdr/):
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
SignalSource.osmosdr_args=driver=lime,soapy=0
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
In case of using a Zarlink's RTL2832 based DVB-T receiver, you can even use the
|
||
`rtl_tcp` I/Q server in order to use the USB dongle remotely. In a terminal,
|
||
type:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ rtl_tcp -a 127.0.0.1 -p 1234 -f 1575420000 -g 0 -s 2000000
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
and use the following configuration:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
;######### SIGNAL_SOURCE CONFIG ############
|
||
SignalSource.implementation=RtlTcp_Signal_Source
|
||
SignalSource.item_type=gr_complex
|
||
SignalSource.sampling_frequency=1200000
|
||
SignalSource.freq=1575420000
|
||
SignalSource.gain=40
|
||
SignalSource.rf_gain=40
|
||
SignalSource.if_gain=30
|
||
SignalSource.AGC_enabled=false
|
||
SignalSource.samples=0
|
||
SignalSource.enable_throttle_control=false
|
||
SignalSource.address=127.0.0.1
|
||
SignalSource.port=1234
|
||
SignalSource.swap_iq=false
|
||
SignalSource.repeat=false
|
||
SignalSource.dump=false
|
||
SignalSource.dump_filename=../data/signal_source.dat
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Example for a dual-frequency receiver:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
;######### SIGNAL_SOURCE CONFIG ############
|
||
SignalSource.implementation=UHD_Signal_Source
|
||
SignalSource.device_address=192.168.40.2 ; Put your USRP IP address here
|
||
SignalSource.item_type=gr_complex
|
||
SignalSource.RF_channels=2
|
||
SignalSource.sampling_frequency=4000000
|
||
SignalSource.subdevice=A:0 B:0
|
||
|
||
;######### RF Channels specific settings ######
|
||
SignalSource.freq0=1575420000
|
||
SignalSource.gain0=50
|
||
SignalSource.samples0=0
|
||
SignalSource.dump0=false
|
||
|
||
SignalSource.freq1=1227600000
|
||
SignalSource.gain1=50
|
||
SignalSource.samples1=0
|
||
SignalSource.dump1=false
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
More documentation and examples are available at the
|
||
[Signal Source Blocks page](https://gnss-sdr.org/docs/sp-blocks/signal-source/).
|
||
|
||
### Signal Conditioner
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
The signal conditioner is in charge of resampling the signal and delivering a
|
||
reference sample rate to the downstream processing blocks, acting as a facade
|
||
between the signal source and the synchronization channels, providing a
|
||
simplified interface to the input signal. In the case of multiband front-ends,
|
||
this module would be in charge of providing a separated data stream for each
|
||
band.
|
||
|
||
If your signal source is providing baseband signal samples of type `gr_complex`
|
||
at 4 Msps, you can bypass the Signal Conditioner block by:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
SignalConditioner.implementation=Pass_Through
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
If you need to adapt some aspect of your signal, you can enable the Signal
|
||
Conditioner and configure three internal blocks: a data type adapter, an input
|
||
signal, and a resampler.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
;#[Signal_Conditioner] enables this block. Then you have to configure [DataTypeAdapter], [InputFilter] and [Resampler] blocks
|
||
SignalConditioner.implementation=Signal_Conditioner
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
More documentation at the
|
||
[Signal Conditioner Blocks page](https://gnss-sdr.org/docs/sp-blocks/signal-conditioner/).
|
||
|
||
#### Data type adapter
|
||
|
||
This block changes the type of input data samples. If your signal source
|
||
delivers data samples of type `short`, you can use this block to convert them to
|
||
`gr_complex` like this:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
;######### DATA_TYPE_ADAPTER CONFIG ############
|
||
;#implementation: [Pass_Through] disables this block
|
||
DataTypeAdapter.implementation=Ishort_To_Complex
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
More documentation at the
|
||
[Data Type Adapter Blocks page](https://gnss-sdr.org/docs/sp-blocks/data-type-adapter/).
|
||
|
||
#### Input filter
|
||
|
||
This block filters the input data. It can be combined with frequency translation
|
||
for IF signals. The computation of the filter taps is based on parameters of GNU
|
||
Radio's function
|
||
[pm_remez](https://www.gnuradio.org/doc/doxygen/pm__remez_8h.html), which
|
||
calculates the optimal (in the Chebyshev/minimax sense) FIR filter impulse
|
||
response given a set of band edges, the desired response on those bands, and the
|
||
weight given to the error in those bands.
|
||
|
||
The block can be configured like this:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
;######### INPUT_FILTER CONFIG ############
|
||
;#implementation: Use [Pass_Through] or [Fir_Filter] or [Freq_Xlating_Fir_Filter]
|
||
;#[Pass_Through] disables this block
|
||
;#[Fir_Filter] enables a FIR Filter
|
||
;#[Freq_Xlating_Fir_Filter] enables FIR filter and a composite frequency translation that shifts IF down to zero Hz.
|
||
InputFilter.implementation=Freq_Xlating_Fir_Filter
|
||
InputFilter.dump=false ; #dump: Dump the filtered data to a file.
|
||
InputFilter.dump_filename=../data/input_filter.dat ; #dump_filename: Log path and filename.
|
||
InputFilter.input_item_type=gr_complex
|
||
InputFilter.output_item_type=gr_complex
|
||
InputFilter.taps_item_type=float
|
||
InputFilter.number_of_taps=5 ; #number_of_taps: Number of taps in the filter. Increasing this parameter increases the processing time
|
||
InputFilter.number_of_bands=2 ; #number_of_bands: Number of frequency bands in the filter.
|
||
; Frequency is in the range [0, 1], with 1 being the Nyquist frequency (Fs/2)
|
||
; The number of band_begin and band_end elements must match the number of bands
|
||
InputFilter.band1_begin=0.0
|
||
InputFilter.band1_end=0.85
|
||
InputFilter.band2_begin=0.90
|
||
InputFilter.band2_end=1.0
|
||
|
||
;#ampl: desired amplitude at the band edges.
|
||
;#The number of ampl_begin and ampl_end elements must match the number of bands
|
||
InputFilter.ampl1_begin=1.0
|
||
InputFilter.ampl1_end=1.0
|
||
InputFilter.ampl2_begin=0.0
|
||
InputFilter.ampl2_end=0.0
|
||
|
||
;#band_error: weighting applied to each band (usually 1).
|
||
;#The number of band_error elements must match the number of bands
|
||
InputFilter.band1_error=1.0
|
||
InputFilter.band2_error=1.0
|
||
|
||
;#filter_type: one of "bandpass", "hilbert" or "differentiator"
|
||
InputFilter.filter_type=bandpass
|
||
|
||
;#grid_density: determines how accurately the filter will be constructed.
|
||
;The minimum value is 16; higher values are slower to compute the filter.
|
||
InputFilter.grid_density=16
|
||
|
||
;#The following options are used only in Freq_Xlating_Fir_Filter implementation.
|
||
;#InputFilter.IF is the intermediate frequency (in Hz) shifted down to zero Hz
|
||
InputFilter.sampling_frequency=4000000
|
||
InputFilter.IF=0
|
||
InputFilter.decimation_factor=1
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
More documentation at the
|
||
[Input Filter Blocks page](https://gnss-sdr.org/docs/sp-blocks/input-filter/).
|
||
|
||
#### Resampler
|
||
|
||
This block resamples the input data stream. The `Direct_Resampler` block
|
||
implements a nearest neighbourhood interpolation:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
;######### RESAMPLER CONFIG ############
|
||
;#implementation: Use [Pass_Through] or [Direct_Resampler]
|
||
;#[Pass_Through] disables this block
|
||
Resampler.implementation=Direct_Resampler
|
||
Resampler.dump=false ; Dumps the resampled data to a file.
|
||
Resampler.dump_filename=../data/resampler.dat ; log path and filename.
|
||
Resampler.item_type=gr_complex
|
||
Resampler.sample_freq_in=8000000 ; sample frequency of the input signal
|
||
Resampler.sample_freq_out=4000000 ; desired sample frequency of the output signal
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
More documentation at the
|
||
[Resampler Blocks page](https://gnss-sdr.org/docs/sp-blocks/resampler/).
|
||
|
||
### Channel
|
||
|
||
A channel encapsulates all signal processing devoted to a single satellite.
|
||
Thus, it is a large composite object which encapsulates the acquisition,
|
||
tracking, and navigation data decoding modules. As a composite object, it can be
|
||
treated as a single entity, meaning that it can be easily replicated. Since the
|
||
number of channels is selectable by the user in the configuration file, this
|
||
approach helps to improve the scalability and maintainability of the receiver.
|
||
|
||
Each channel must be assigned to a GNSS signal, according to the following
|
||
identifiers:
|
||
|
||
| **Signal** | **Identifier** |
|
||
| :------------- | :------------: |
|
||
| GPS L1 C/A | 1C |
|
||
| Galileo E1b/c | 1B |
|
||
| Glonass L1 C/A | 1G |
|
||
| Beidou B1I | B1 |
|
||
| Galileo E6B | E6 |
|
||
| Beidou B3I | B3 |
|
||
| GPS L2 L2C(M) | 2S |
|
||
| Glonass L2 C/A | 2G |
|
||
| GPS L5 | L5 |
|
||
| Galileo E5a | 5X |
|
||
| Galileo E5b | 7X |
|
||
|
||
Example: Eight GPS L1 C/A channels.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
;######### CHANNELS GLOBAL CONFIG ############
|
||
Channels_1C.count=8 ; Number of available GPS L1 C/A channels.
|
||
Channels_1B.count=0 ; Number of available Galileo E1B channels.
|
||
Channels.in_acquisition=1 ; Number of channels simultaneously acquiring
|
||
Channel.signal=1C ;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Example: Four GPS L1 C/A and four Galileo E1B channels.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
;######### CHANNELS GLOBAL CONFIG ############
|
||
Channels_1C.count=4 ; Number of available GPS L1 C/A channels.
|
||
Channels_1B.count=4 ; Number of available Galileo E1B channels.
|
||
Channels.in_acquisition=1 ; Number of channels simultaneously acquiring
|
||
Channel0.signal=1C ;
|
||
Channel1.signal=1C ;
|
||
Channel2.signal=1C ;
|
||
Channel3.signal=1C ;
|
||
Channel4.signal=1B ;
|
||
Channel5.signal=1B ;
|
||
Channel6.signal=1B ;
|
||
Channel7.signal=1B ;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This module is also in charge of managing the interplay between acquisition and
|
||
tracking. Acquisition can be initialized in several ways, depending on the prior
|
||
information available (called cold start when the receiver has no information
|
||
about its position nor the satellites' almanac; warm start when a rough location
|
||
and the approximate time of day are available, and the receiver has a recently
|
||
recorded almanac broadcast; or hot start when the receiver was tracking a
|
||
satellite and the signal line of sight broke for a short period of time, but the
|
||
ephemeris and almanac data is still valid, or this information is provided by
|
||
other means), and an acquisition process can finish deciding that the satellite
|
||
is not present, that longer integration is needed in order to confirm the
|
||
presence of the satellite, or declaring the satellite present. In the latter
|
||
case, the acquisition process should stop and trigger the tracking module with
|
||
coarse estimations of the synchronization parameters. The mathematical
|
||
abstraction used to design this logic is known as a finite state machine (FSM),
|
||
which is a behavior model composed of a finite number of states, transitions
|
||
between those states, and actions.
|
||
|
||
The abstract class [ChannelInterface](./src/core/interfaces/channel_interface.h)
|
||
represents an interface to a channel GNSS block. Check
|
||
[Channel](./src/algorithms/channel/adapters/channel.h) for an actual
|
||
implementation.
|
||
|
||
More documentation at the
|
||
[Channels page](https://gnss-sdr.org/docs/sp-blocks/channels/).
|
||
|
||
#### Acquisition
|
||
|
||
The first task of a GNSS receiver is to detect the presence or absence of
|
||
in-view satellites. This is done by the acquisition system process, which also
|
||
provides a coarse estimation of two signal parameters: the frequency shift with
|
||
respect to the nominal frequency, and a delay term that allows the receiver to
|
||
create a local code aligned with the incoming code.
|
||
[AcquisitionInterface](./src/core/interfaces/acquisition_interface.h) is the
|
||
common interface for all the acquisition algorithms and their corresponding
|
||
implementations. Algorithms' interface, which may vary depending on the use of
|
||
information external to the receiver, such as in Assisted GNSS, is defined in
|
||
classes referred to as _adapters_. These adapters wrap the GNU Radio blocks
|
||
interface into a compatible interface expected by AcquisitionInterface. This
|
||
allows the use of existing GNU Radio blocks derived from `gr::block`, and
|
||
ensures that newly developed implementations will also be reusable in other GNU
|
||
Radio-based applications. Moreover, it adds still another layer of abstraction,
|
||
since each given acquisition algorithm can have different implementations (for
|
||
instance using different numerical libraries). In such a way, implementations
|
||
can be continuously improved without having any impact neither on the algorithm
|
||
interface nor the general acquisition interface.
|
||
|
||
Check
|
||
[GpsL1CaPcpsAcquisition](./src/algorithms/acquisition/adapters/gps_l1_ca_pcps_acquisition.h)
|
||
and
|
||
[GalileoE1PcpsAmbiguousAcquisition](./src/algorithms/acquisition/adapters/galileo_e1_pcps_ambiguous_acquisition.h)
|
||
for examples of adapters from a Parallel Code Phase Search (PCPS) acquisition
|
||
block, and
|
||
[pcps_acquisition_cc](./src/algorithms/acquisition/gnuradio_blocks/pcps_acquisition_cc.h)
|
||
for an example of a block implementation. The source code of all the available
|
||
acquisition algorithms is located at:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|-gnss-sdr
|
||
|---src
|
||
|-----algorithms
|
||
|-------acquisition
|
||
|---------adapters <- Adapters of the processing blocks to an AcquisitionInterface
|
||
|---------gnuradio_blocks <- Signal processing blocks implementation
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The user can select a given implementation for the algorithm to be used in each
|
||
receiver channel, as well as their parameters, in the configuration file. For a
|
||
GPS L1 C/A receiver:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
;######### ACQUISITION GLOBAL CONFIG ############
|
||
Acquisition_1C.implementation=GPS_L1_CA_PCPS_Acquisition ; Acquisition algorithm selection for this channel
|
||
Acquisition_1C.item_type=gr_complex
|
||
Acquisition_1C.coherent_integration_time_ms=1 ; Signal block duration for the acquisition signal detection [ms]
|
||
Acquisition_1C.threshold=2.5 ; Acquisition threshold
|
||
Acquisition_1C.pfa=0.01 ; Acquisition false alarm probability. This option overrides the threshold option.
|
||
Acquisition_1C.doppler_max=10000 ; Maximum expected Doppler shift [Hz]
|
||
Acquisition_1C.doppler_step=500 ; Doppler step in the grid search [Hz]
|
||
Acquisition_1C.dump=false ; Enables internal data file logging [true] or [false]
|
||
Acquisition_1C.dump_filename=./acq_dump.dat ; Log path and filename
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
and, for Galileo E1B channels:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
;######### GALILEO ACQUISITION CONFIG ############
|
||
Acquisition_1B.implementation=Galileo_E1_PCPS_Ambiguous_Acquisition
|
||
Acquisition_1B.item_type=gr_complex
|
||
Acquisition_1B.coherent_integration_time_ms=4
|
||
Acquisition_1B.pfa=0.008
|
||
Acquisition_1B.doppler_max=15000
|
||
Acquisition_1B.doppler_step=125
|
||
Acquisition_1B.dump=false
|
||
Acquisition_1B.dump_filename=./acq_dump.dat
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
More documentation at the
|
||
[Acquisition Blocks page](https://gnss-sdr.org/docs/sp-blocks/acquisition/).
|
||
|
||
#### Tracking
|
||
|
||
When a satellite is declared present, the parameters estimated by the
|
||
acquisition module are then fed to the receiver tracking module, which
|
||
represents the second stage of the signal processing unit, aiming to perform a
|
||
local search for accurate estimates of code delay and carrier phase, and
|
||
following their eventual variations.
|
||
|
||
Again, a class hierarchy consisting of a
|
||
[TrackingInterface](./src/core/interfaces/tracking_interface.h) class and
|
||
subclasses implementing algorithms provides a way of testing different
|
||
approaches, with full access to their parameters. Check
|
||
[GpsL1CaDllPllTracking](./src/algorithms/tracking/adapters/gps_l1_ca_dll_pll_tracking.h)
|
||
or
|
||
[GalileoE1DllPllVemlTracking](./src/algorithms/tracking/adapters/galileo_e1_dll_pll_veml_tracking.h)
|
||
for examples of adapters, and
|
||
[Gps_L1_Ca_Dll_Pll_Tracking_cc](./src/algorithms/tracking/gnuradio_blocks/gps_l1_ca_dll_pll_tracking_cc.h)
|
||
for an example of a signal processing block implementation. There are also
|
||
available some useful classes and functions for signal tracking; take a look at
|
||
[cpu_multicorrelator.h](./src/algorithms/tracking/libs/cpu_multicorrelator.h),
|
||
[lock_detectors.h](./src/algorithms/tracking/libs/lock_detectors.h),
|
||
[tracking_discriminators.h](./src/algorithms/tracking/libs/tracking_discriminators.h)
|
||
or
|
||
[tracking_2nd_DLL_filter.h](./src/algorithms/tracking/libs/tracking_2nd_DLL_filter.h).
|
||
|
||
The source code of all the available tracking algorithms is located at:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|-gnss-sdr
|
||
|---src
|
||
|-----algorithms
|
||
|-------tracking
|
||
|---------adapters <- Adapters of the processing blocks to a TrackingInterface
|
||
|---------gnuradio_blocks <- Signal processing blocks implementation
|
||
|---------libs <- libraries of tracking objects (e.g. correlators, discriminators, and so on)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The user can select a given implementation for the algorithm to be used in all
|
||
the tracking blocks, as well as its parameters, in the configuration file. For
|
||
instance, for GPS l1 channels:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
;######### TRACKING GPS L1 CONFIG ############
|
||
Tracking_1C.implementation=GPS_L1_CA_DLL_PLL_Tracking
|
||
Tracking_1C.item_type=gr_complex
|
||
Tracking_1C.pll_bw_hz=50.0 ; PLL loop filter bandwidth [Hz]
|
||
Tracking_1C.dll_bw_hz=2.0 ; DLL loop filter bandwidth [Hz]
|
||
Tracking_1C.pll_filter_order=3 ; PLL loop filter order [2] or [3]
|
||
Tracking_1C.dll_filter_order=2 ; DLL loop filter order [1], [2] or [3]
|
||
Tracking_1C.early_late_space_chips=0.5 ; correlator early-late space [chips].
|
||
Tracking_1C.dump=false ; Enable internal binary data file logging [true] or [false]
|
||
Tracking_1C.dump_filename=./tracking_ch_ ; Log path and filename. Notice that the tracking channel will add "x.dat" where x is the channel number.
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
and, for Galileo E1B channels:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
;######### TRACKING GALILEO E1B CONFIG ############
|
||
Tracking_1B.implementation=Galileo_E1_DLL_PLL_VEML_Tracking
|
||
Tracking_1B.item_type=gr_complex
|
||
Tracking_1B.pll_bw_hz=15.0;
|
||
Tracking_1B.dll_bw_hz=2.0;
|
||
Tracking_1B.pll_filter_order=3 ; PLL loop filter order [2] or [3]
|
||
Tracking_1B.dll_filter_order=2 ; DLL loop filter order [1], [2] or [3]
|
||
Tracking_1B.early_late_space_chips=0.15;
|
||
Tracking_1B.very_early_late_space_chips=0.6;
|
||
Tracking_1B.dump=false
|
||
Tracking_1B.dump_filename=../data/veml_tracking_ch_
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
More documentation at the
|
||
[Tracking Blocks page](https://gnss-sdr.org/docs/sp-blocks/tracking/).
|
||
|
||
#### Decoding of the navigation message
|
||
|
||
Most of GNSS signal links are modulated by a navigation message containing the
|
||
time the message was transmitted, orbital parameters of satellites (also known
|
||
as ephemeris), and an almanac (information about the general system health,
|
||
rough orbits of all satellites in the network as well as data related to error
|
||
correction). Navigation data bits are structured in words, pages, subframes,
|
||
frames, and superframes. Sometimes, bits corresponding to a single parameter are
|
||
spread over different words, and values extracted from different frames are
|
||
required for proper decoding. Some words are for synchronization purposes,
|
||
others for error control, and others contain actual information. There are also
|
||
error control mechanisms, from parity checks to forward error correction (FEC)
|
||
encoding and interleaving, depending on the system. All this decoding complexity
|
||
is managed by a finite state machine.
|
||
|
||
The common interface is
|
||
[TelemetryDecoderInterface](./src/core/interfaces/telemetry_decoder_interface.h).
|
||
Check
|
||
[GpsL1CaTelemetryDecoder](./src/algorithms/telemetry_decoder/adapters/gps_l1_ca_telemetry_decoder.h)
|
||
for an example of the GPS L1 NAV message decoding adapter, and
|
||
[gps_l1_ca_telemetry_decoder_cc](./src/algorithms/telemetry_decoder/gnuradio_blocks/gps_l1_ca_telemetry_decoder_cc.h)
|
||
for an actual implementation of a signal processing block. Configuration
|
||
example:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
;######### TELEMETRY DECODER CONFIG ############
|
||
TelemetryDecoder_1C.implementation=GPS_L1_CA_Telemetry_Decoder
|
||
TelemetryDecoder_1C.dump=false
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
In case you are configuring a multi-system receiver, you will need to decimate
|
||
the one with the fastest code rate in order to get both data streams
|
||
synchronized. For instance, for hybrid GPS L1 / Galileo E1B receivers:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
;######### TELEMETRY DECODER GPS L1 CONFIG ############
|
||
TelemetryDecoder_1C.implementation=GPS_L1_CA_Telemetry_Decoder
|
||
TelemetryDecoder_1C.dump=false
|
||
|
||
;######### TELEMETRY DECODER GALILEO E1B CONFIG ############
|
||
TelemetryDecoder_1B.implementation=Galileo_E1B_Telemetry_Decoder
|
||
TelemetryDecoder_1B.dump=false
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
More documentation at the
|
||
[Telemetry Decoder Blocks page](https://gnss-sdr.org/docs/sp-blocks/telemetry-decoder/).
|
||
|
||
### Observables
|
||
|
||
GNSS systems provide different kinds of observations. The most commonly used are
|
||
the code observations, also called pseudoranges. The _pseudo_ comes from the
|
||
fact that on the receiver side the clock error is unknown and thus the
|
||
measurement is not a pure range observation. High-accuracy applications also use
|
||
the carrier phase observations, which are based on measuring the difference
|
||
between the carrier phase transmitted by the GNSS satellites and the phase of
|
||
the carrier generated in the receiver. Both observables are computed from the
|
||
outputs of the tracking module and the decoding of the navigation message. This
|
||
module collects all the data provided by every tracked channel, aligns all
|
||
received data into a coherent set, and computes the observables.
|
||
|
||
The common interface is
|
||
[ObservablesInterface](./src/core/interfaces/observables_interface.h).
|
||
|
||
Configuration example:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
;######### OBSERVABLES CONFIG ############
|
||
Observables.implementation=Hybrid_Observables
|
||
Observables.dump=false
|
||
Observables.dump_filename=./observables.dat
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
More documentation at the
|
||
[Observables Blocks page](https://gnss-sdr.org/docs/sp-blocks/observables/).
|
||
|
||
### Computation of Position, Velocity, and Time
|
||
|
||
Although data processing for obtaining high-accuracy PVT solutions is out of the
|
||
scope of GNSS-SDR, we provide a module that can compute position fixes (stored
|
||
in GIS-friendly formats such as [GeoJSON](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946),
|
||
[GPX](https://www.topografix.com/gpx.asp), and
|
||
[KML](https://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/kml), or transmitted via serial
|
||
port as [NMEA 0183](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NMEA_0183) messages), and
|
||
leaves room for more sophisticated positioning methods by storing observables
|
||
and navigation data in [RINEX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RINEX) files (v2.11
|
||
or v3.02), and generating
|
||
[RTCM](https://www.rtcm.org/ "Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services")
|
||
3.2 messages that can be disseminated through the Internet in real-time.
|
||
|
||
The common interface is [PvtInterface](./src/core/interfaces/pvt_interface.h).
|
||
|
||
Configuration example:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
;######### PVT CONFIG ############
|
||
PVT.implementation=RTKLIB_PVT
|
||
PVT.positioning_mode=Single ; options: Single, Static, Kinematic, PPP_Static, PPP_Kinematic
|
||
PVT.iono_model=Broadcast ; options: OFF, Broadcast
|
||
PVT.trop_model=Saastamoinen ; options: OFF, Saastamoinen
|
||
PVT.rinex_version=2 ; options: 2 or 3
|
||
PVT.output_rate_ms=100 ; Period in [ms] between two PVT outputs
|
||
PVT.display_rate_ms=500 ; Position console print (std::out) interval [ms].
|
||
PVT.nmea_dump_filename=./gnss_sdr_pvt.nmea ; NMEA log path and filename
|
||
PVT.flag_nmea_tty_port=false ; Enables the NMEA log to a serial TTY port
|
||
PVT.nmea_dump_devname=/dev/pts/4 ; serial device descriptor for NMEA logging
|
||
PVT.flag_rtcm_server=true ; Enables or disables a TCP/IP server dispatching RTCM messages
|
||
PVT.flag_rtcm_tty_port=false ; Enables the RTCM log to a serial TTY port
|
||
PVT.rtcm_dump_devname=/dev/pts/1 ; serial device descriptor for RTCM logging
|
||
PVT.rtcm_tcp_port=2101
|
||
PVT.rtcm_MT1019_rate_ms=5000
|
||
PVT.rtcm_MT1045_rate_ms=5000
|
||
PVT.rtcm_MT1097_rate_ms=1000
|
||
PVT.rtcm_MT1077_rate_ms=1000
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**Notes on the output formats:**
|
||
|
||
- **GeoJSON** is a geospatial data interchange format based on JavaScript Object
|
||
Notation (JSON) supported by numerous mapping and GIS software packages,
|
||
including [OpenLayers](https://openlayers.org),
|
||
[Leaflet](https://leafletjs.com), [MapServer](https://mapserver.org/),
|
||
[GeoServer](https://geoserver.org/),
|
||
[GeoDjango](https://www.djangoproject.com), [GDAL](https://gdal.org/), and
|
||
[CartoDB](https://cartodb.com). It is also possible to use GeoJSON with
|
||
[PostGIS](https://postgis.net/) and [Mapnik](https://mapnik.org/), both of
|
||
which handle the format via the GDAL OGR conversion library. The
|
||
[Google Maps Javascript API](https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/javascript/)
|
||
v3 directly supports the
|
||
[integration of GeoJSON data layers](https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/javascript/examples/layer-data-simple),
|
||
and
|
||
[GitHub also supports GeoJSON rendering](https://github.com/blog/1528-there-s-a-map-for-that).
|
||
|
||
- **KML** (Keyhole Markup Language) is an XML grammar used to encode and
|
||
transport representations of geographic data for display in an earth browser.
|
||
KML is an open standard officially named the OpenGIS KML Encoding Standard
|
||
(OGC KML), and it is maintained by the Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC).
|
||
KML files can be displayed in geobrowsers such as
|
||
[Google Earth](https://www.google.com/earth/),
|
||
[Marble](https://marble.kde.org),
|
||
[osgEarth](https://github.com/gwaldron/osgearth), or used with the
|
||
[NASA World Wind SDK for Java](https://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/java/).
|
||
|
||
- **GPX** (the GPS Exchange Format) is a lightweight XML data format for the
|
||
interchange of GPS data (waypoints, routes, and tracks) between applications
|
||
and Web services on the Internet. The format is open and can be used without
|
||
the need to pay license fees, and it is supported by a
|
||
[large list of software tools](https://www.topografix.com/gpx_resources.asp).
|
||
|
||
- **NMEA 0183** is a combined electrical and data specification for
|
||
communication between marine electronics such as echo sounder, sonars,
|
||
anemometer, gyrocompass, autopilot, GPS receivers, and many other types of
|
||
instruments. It has been defined by, and is controlled by, the U.S.
|
||
[National Marine Electronics Association](https://www.nmea.org/). The NMEA
|
||
0183 standard uses a simple ASCII, serial communications protocol that defines
|
||
how data are transmitted in a _sentence_ from one _talker_ to multiple
|
||
_listeners_ at a time. Through the use of intermediate expanders, a talker can
|
||
have a unidirectional conversation with a nearly unlimited number of
|
||
listeners, and using multiplexers, multiple sensors can talk to a single
|
||
computer port. At the application layer, the standard also defines the
|
||
contents of each sentence (message) type, so that all listeners can parse
|
||
messages accurately. Those messages can be sent through the serial port (that
|
||
could be for instance a Bluetooth link) and be used/displayed by a number of
|
||
software applications such as
|
||
[gpsd](https://gpsd.gitlab.io/gpsd/index.html "The UNIX GPS daemon"),
|
||
[JOSM](https://josm.openstreetmap.de/ "The Java OpenStreetMap Editor"),
|
||
[OpenCPN](https://opencpn.org/ "Open Chart Plotter Navigator"), and many
|
||
others (and maybe running on other devices).
|
||
|
||
- **RINEX** (Receiver Independent Exchange Format) is an interchange format for
|
||
raw satellite navigation system data, covering observables and the information
|
||
contained in the navigation message broadcast by GNSS satellites. This allows
|
||
the user to post-process the received data to produce a more accurate result
|
||
(usually with other data unknown to the original receiver, such as better
|
||
models of the atmospheric conditions at time of measurement). RINEX files can
|
||
be used by software packages such as
|
||
[GNSSTK](https://github.com/SGL-UT/gnsstk), [RTKLIB](https://www.rtklib.com/),
|
||
and
|
||
[gLAB](https://gage.upc.edu/en/learning-materials/software-tools/glab-tool-suite).
|
||
GNSS-SDR by default generates RINEX version
|
||
[3.02](ftp://igs.org/pub/data/format/rinex302.pdf). If
|
||
[2.11](ftp://igs.org/pub/data/format/rinex211.txt) is needed, it can be
|
||
requested through the `rinex_version` parameter in the configuration file:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
PVT.rinex_version=2
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- **RTCM SC-104** provides standards that define the data structure for
|
||
differential GNSS correction information for a variety of differential
|
||
correction applications. Developed by the Radio Technical Commission for
|
||
Maritime Services
|
||
([RTCM](https://www.rtcm.org/ "Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services")),
|
||
they have become an industry standard for the communication of correction
|
||
information. GNSS-SDR implements RTCM version 3.2, defined in the document
|
||
_RTCM 10403.2, Differential GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems)
|
||
Services - Version 3_ (February 1, 2013), which can be
|
||
[purchased online](https://ssl29.pair.com/dmarkle/puborder.php?show=3 "RTCM Online Publication Order Form").
|
||
By default, the generated RTCM binary messages are dumped into a text file in
|
||
hexadecimal format. However, GNSS-SDR is equipped with a TCP/IP server, acting
|
||
as an NTRIP source that can feed an NTRIP server. NTRIP (Networked Transport
|
||
of RTCM via Internet Protocol) is an open standard protocol that can be freely
|
||
downloaded from
|
||
[BKG](https://igs.bkg.bund.de/root_ftp/NTRIP/documentation/NtripDocumentation.pdf "Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol (Ntrip) Version 1.0"),
|
||
and it is designed for disseminating differential correction data (_e.g._ in
|
||
the RTCM-104 format) or other kinds of GNSS streaming data to stationary or
|
||
mobile users over the Internet. The TCP/IP server can be enabled by setting
|
||
`PVT.flag_rtcm_server=true` in the configuration file, and will be active
|
||
during the execution of the software receiver. By default, the server will
|
||
operate on port 2101 (which is the recommended port for RTCM services
|
||
according to the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority,
|
||
[IANA](https://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/ "Service Name and Transport Protocol Port Number Registry")),
|
||
and will identify the Reference Station with ID=1234. This behavior can be
|
||
changed in the configuration file:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
PVT.flag_rtcm_server=true
|
||
PVT.rtcm_tcp_port=2102
|
||
PVT.rtcm_station_id=1111
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**Important note:**
|
||
|
||
In order to get well-formatted GeoJSON, KML, and RINEX files, always terminate
|
||
`gnss-sdr` execution by pressing key `q` and then key `ENTER`. Those files will
|
||
be automatically deleted if no position fix has been obtained during the
|
||
execution of the software receiver.
|
||
|
||
More documentation at the
|
||
[PVT Blocks page](https://gnss-sdr.org/docs/sp-blocks/pvt/).
|
||
|
||
# About the software license
|
||
|
||
GNSS-SDR is released under the
|
||
[General Public License (GPL) v3](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html), thus
|
||
securing practical usability, inspection, and continuous improvement by the
|
||
research community, allowing the discussion based on tangible code and the
|
||
analysis of results obtained with real signals. The GPL implies that:
|
||
|
||
1. Copies may be distributed free of charge or for money, but the source code
|
||
has to be shipped or provided free of charge (or at cost price) on demand.
|
||
The receiver of the source code has the same rights meaning he can share
|
||
copies free of charge or resell.
|
||
2. The licensed material may be analyzed or modified.
|
||
3. Modified material may be distributed under the same licensing terms but _do
|
||
not_ have to be distributed.
|
||
|
||
That means that modifications only have to be made available to the public if
|
||
distribution happens. So it is perfectly fine to take the GNSS-SDR source code,
|
||
modify it heavily and use it in a not distributed application / library. This is
|
||
how companies like Google can run their own patched versions of Linux for
|
||
example.
|
||
|
||
But what this also means is that non-GPL code cannot use GPL code. This means
|
||
that you cannot modify / use GNSS-SDR, blend it with non-GPL code, and make
|
||
money with the resulting software. You cannot distribute the resulting software
|
||
under a non-disclosure agreement or contract. Distributors under the GPL also
|
||
grant a license for any of their patents practiced by the software, to practice
|
||
those patents in GPL software. You can sell a device that runs with GNSS-SDR,
|
||
but if you distribute the code, it has to remain under GPL.
|
||
|
||
# Publications and Credits
|
||
|
||
If you use GNSS-SDR to produce a research paper or Thesis, we would appreciate
|
||
if you reference the following article to credit the GNSS-SDR project:
|
||
|
||
- C. Fernández-Prades, J. Arribas, P. Closas, C. Avilés, and L.
|
||
Esteve,
|
||
[GNSS-SDR: an open source tool for researchers and developers](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233380791_GNSS-SDR_An_open_source_tool_for_researchers_and_developers),
|
||
in Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Meeting of The Satellite
|
||
Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS), Portland, Oregon, Sept.
|
||
19-23, 2011, pp. 780-794.
|
||
|
||
For LaTeX users, this is the BibTeX entry for your convenience:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
@INPROCEEDINGS{GNSS-SDR11,
|
||
AUTHOR = {C.~{Fern\'{a}ndez--Prades} and J.~Arribas and P.~Closas and C.~Avil\'{e}s and L.~Esteve},
|
||
TITLE = {{GNSS-SDR}: An Open Source Tool For Researchers and Developers},
|
||
BOOKTITLE = {Proc. 24th Intl. Tech. Meeting Sat. Div. Inst. Navig.},
|
||
YEAR = {2011},
|
||
PAGES = {780--794},
|
||
ADDRESS = {Portland, Oregon},
|
||
MONTH = {Sept.} }
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
There is a list of papers related to GNSS-SDR in our
|
||
[publications page](https://gnss-sdr.org/publications/ "Publications").
|
||
|
||
# Ok, now what?
|
||
|
||
In order to start using GNSS-SDR, you may want to populate `gnss-sdr/data`
|
||
folder (or anywhere else on your system) with raw data files. By "raw data" we
|
||
mean the output of a Radio Frequency front-end's Analog-to-Digital converter.
|
||
GNSS-SDR needs signal samples already in baseband or in passband, at a suitable
|
||
intermediate frequency (on the order of MHz). Prepare your configuration file,
|
||
and then you are ready for running
|
||
`gnss-sdr --config_file=your_configuration.conf`, and seeing how the file is
|
||
processed.
|
||
|
||
Another interesting option is working in real-time with an RF front-end. We
|
||
provide drivers for UHD-compatible hardware such as the
|
||
[USRP family](https://www.ettus.com/product), for OsmoSDR and other front-ends
|
||
(HackRF, bladeRF, LimeSDR, and for some DVB-T USB dongles). Start with a low
|
||
number of channels and then increase it in order to test how many channels your
|
||
processor can handle in real-time.
|
||
|
||
You can find more information at the
|
||
[GNSS-SDR Documentation page](https://gnss-sdr.org/docs/) or directly asking to
|
||
the
|
||
[GNSS-SDR Developers mailing list](https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/gnss-sdr-developers).
|
||
|
||
You are also very welcome to contribute to the project, there are many ways to
|
||
[participate in GNSS-SDR](https://gnss-sdr.org/contribute/). If you need some
|
||
special feature not yet implemented, the Developer Team would love to be hired
|
||
for developing it. Please do not hesitate to
|
||
[contact them](https://gnss-sdr.org/team/).
|
||
|
||
**Enjoy GNSS-SDR!**
|
||
|
||
The Developer Team.
|