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CC-Tweaked/projects/web/ARCHITECTURE.md
Jonathan Coates c0643fadca
Build a web-based emulator for the documentation site (#1597)
Historically we've used copy-cat to provide a web-based emulator for
running example code on our documentation site. However, copy-cat is
often out-of-date with CC:T, which means example snippets fail when you
try to run them!

This commit vendors in copy-cat (or rather an updated version of it)
into CC:T itself, allowing us to ensure the emulator is always in sync
with the mod.

While the ARCHITECTURE.md documentation goes into a little bit more
detail here, the general implementation is as follows

 - In project/src/main we implement the core of the emulator. This
   includes a basic reimplementation of some of CC's classes to work on
   the web (mostly the HTTP API and ComputerThread), and some additional
   code to expose the computers to Javascript.

 - This is all then compiled to Javascript using [TeaVM][1] (we actually
   use a [personal fork of it][2] as there's a couple of changes I've
   not upstreamed yet).

 - The Javascript side then pulls in the these compiled classes (and
   the CC ROM) and hooks them up to [cc-web-term][3] to display the
   actual computer.

 - As we're no longer pulling in copy-cat, we can simplify our bundling
   system a little - we now just compile to ESM modules directly.

[1]: https://github.com/konsoletyper/teavm
[2]: https://github.com/SquidDev/teavm/tree/squid-patches
[3]: https://github.com/squiddev-cc/cc-web-term
2023-10-03 09:19:19 +01:00

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<!--
SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 The CC: Tweaked Developers
SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
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# Architecture
As mentioned in the main architecture guide, the web subproject is responsible for building CC: Tweaked's documentation
website. This is surprisingly more complex than one might initially assume, hence the need for this document at all!
## Web-based emulator
Most of the complexity comes from the web-based emulator we embed in our documentation. This uses [TeaVM] to compile
CC: Tweaked's core to Javascript, and then call out to it in the main site.
The code for this is split into three separate components:
- `src/main`: This holds the emulator itself: this is a basic Java project which depends on CC:T's core, and exposes an
interface for Javascript code.
Some of our code (or dependencies) cannot be compiled to Javascript, for instance most of our HTTP implementation. In
theses cases we provide a replacement class. These classes start with `T` (for instance `THttpRequest`), which are
specially handled in the next step.
- `src/builder`: This module consumes the above code and compiles everything to Javascript using TeaVM. There's a
couple of places where we need to patch the bytecode before compiling it, so this also includes a basic ASM
rewriting system.
- `src/frontend`: This consumes the interface exposed by the main emulator, and actually embeds the emulator in the
website.
## Static content
Rendering the static portion of the website is fortunately much simpler.
- Doc generation: This is mostly handled in various Gradle files. The Forge Gradle script uses [cct-javadoc] to convert
Javadoc on our peripherals and APIs to LDoc/[illuaminate] compatible documentation. This is then fed into illuaminate
which spits out HTML.
- `src/htmlTransform`: We do a small amount of post-processing on the HTML in order. This project does syntax
highlighting of non-Lua code blocks, and replaces special `<mc-recipe>` tags with a rendered view of a given
Minecraft recipe.
[TeaVM]: https://github.com/konsoletyper/teavm "TeaVM - Compiler of Java bytecode to JavaScript"
[cct-javadoc]: https://github.com/cc-tweaked/cct-javadoc: "cct-javadoc - A Javadoc doclet to extract documentation from @LuaFunction methods."
[illuaminate]: https://github.com/Squiddev/illuaminate: "illuaminate - Very WIP static analysis for Lua"