Update to CC:T 1.115.0

- Sync Lua files
 - Backport our Netty HTTP library.

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 # See https://pre-commit.com/hooks.html for more hooks
 repos:
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-  rev: v4.0.1
+  rev: v5.0.0
   hooks:
   - id: trailing-whitespace
   - id: end-of-file-fixer

LICENSES/MIT.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) <year> <copyright holders>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and
+associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial
+portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO
+EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

build.gradle.kts

@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@
 
 import com.diffplug.gradle.spotless.FormatExtension
 import com.diffplug.spotless.LineEnding
+import net.fabricmc.loom.LoomGradleExtension
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets
 
 plugins {
     alias(libs.plugins.voldeloom)
     alias(libs.plugins.spotless)
+    id("com.gradleup.shadow") version "8.3.5"
 }
 
 val modVersion: String by extra
@@ -76,14 +78,16 @@ dependencies {
 
     compileOnly("com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:3.0.2")
     compileOnly("org.jetbrains:annotations:24.0.1")
+    compileOnly(libs.jspecify)
     modImplementation("maven.modrinth:computercraft:1.50")
     "shade"("cc.tweaked:cobalt")
+    "shade"(libs.bundles.netty)
 
     "buildTools"("cc.tweaked.cobalt:build-tools")
 }
 
 // Point compileJava to emit to classes/uninstrumentedJava/main, and then add a task to instrument these classes,
-// saving them back to the the original class directory. This is held together with so much string :(.
+// saving them back to the original class directory. This is held together with so much string :(.
 val mainSource = sourceSets.main.get()
 val javaClassesDir = mainSource.java.classesDirectory.get()
 val untransformedClasses = project.layout.buildDirectory.dir("classes/uninstrumentedJava/main")
@@ -119,7 +123,16 @@ tasks.withType(AbstractArchiveTask::class.java).configureEach {
     fileMode = Integer.valueOf("664", 8)
 }
 
-tasks.jar {
+// Override remapJarForRelease, and then manually configure all tasks to have the right classifiers.
+tasks.remapJarForRelease {
+    archiveClassifier = ""
+    input = tasks.shadowJar.flatMap { it.archiveFile }
+}
+
+tasks.jar { archiveClassifier = "dev-slim" }
+
+tasks.shadowJar {
+    archiveClassifier = "dev"
     manifest {
         attributes(
             "FMLCorePlugin" to "cc.tweaked.patch.CorePlugin",
@@ -127,7 +140,17 @@ tasks.jar {
         )
     }
 
-    from(configurations["shade"].map { if (it.isDirectory) it else zipTree(it) })
+    configurations = listOf(project.configurations["shade"])
+    relocate("io.netty", "cc.tweaked.vendor.netty")
+    minimize()
+}
+
+project.afterEvaluate {
+    // Remove tasks.jar from the runtime classpath and add shadowJar instead.
+    val field = LoomGradleExtension::class.java.getDeclaredField("unmappedModsBuilt")
+    field.isAccessible = true
+    (field.get(volde) as MutableList<*>).clear()
+    volde.addUnmappedMod(tasks.shadowJar.get().archiveFile.get().asFile.toPath())
 }
 
 tasks.processResources {

gradle.properties

@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@
 
 org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx3G
 
-modVersion=1.109.6
+modVersion=1.115.1
 
 mcVersion=1.4.7

gradle/libs.versions.toml

@@ -5,24 +5,18 @@
 [versions]
 forge = "1.4.7-6.6.2.534"
 
-asm = "9.3"
-kotlin = "1.8.10"
+jspecify = "1.0.0"
+netty = "4.1.119.Final"
 
 [libraries]
-asm = { module = "org.ow2.asm:asm", version.ref = "asm" }
-asm-analysis = { module = "org.ow2.asm:asm-analysis", version.ref = "asm" }
-asm-commons = { module = "org.ow2.asm:asm-commons", version.ref = "asm" }
-asm-tree = { module = "org.ow2.asm:asm-tree", version.ref = "asm" }
-asm-util = { module = "org.ow2.asm:asm-util", version.ref = "asm" }
+jspecify = { module = "org.jspecify:jspecify", version.ref = "jspecify" }
 
-kotlin-platform = { module = "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-bom", version.ref = "kotlin" }
-kotlin-stdlib = { module = "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib", version.ref = "kotlin" }
+netty-codec = { module = "io.netty:netty-codec", version.ref = "netty" }
+netty-http = { module = "io.netty:netty-codec-http", version.ref = "netty" }
 
 [bundles]
-asm = ["asm", "asm-analysis", "asm-commons", "asm-tree", "asm-util"]
-kotlin = ["kotlin-stdlib"]
+netty = ["netty-codec", "netty-http"]
 
 [plugins]
-kotlin = { id = "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm", version.ref = "kotlin" }
 spotless = { id = "com.diffplug.spotless", version = "6.19.0" }
 voldeloom = { id = "agency.highlysuspect.voldeloom", version = "2.4-SNAPSHOT" }

src/main/java/cc/tweaked/patch/ClassTransformer.java

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ public class ClassTransformer implements IClassTransformer {
             BasicRemapper.builder()
                 .remapType("dan200/computer/core/apis/FSAPI", "dan200/computercraft/core/apis/FSAPI")
                 .remapType("dan200/computer/core/apis/OSAPI", "dan200/computercraft/core/apis/OSAPI")
+                .remapType("dan200/computer/core/apis/HTTPAPI", "dan200/computercraft/core/apis/HTTPAPI")
                 .remapType("dan200/computer/core/apis/TermAPI", "dan200/computercraft/core/apis/TermAPI")
                 .build().toMethodTransform()
         )

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/api/lua/IArguments.java

@@ -195,6 +195,19 @@ public abstract class IArguments {
         return LuaValues.encode(getString(index));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the argument, converting it to the raw-byte representation of its string by following Lua conventions.
+     * <p>
+     * This is equivalent to {@link #getStringCoerced(int)}, but then
+     *
+     * @param index The argument number.
+     * @return The argument's value. This is a <em>read only</em> buffer.
+     * @throws LuaException If the argument cannot be converted to Java.
+     */
+    public ByteBuffer getBytesCoerced(int index) throws LuaException {
+        return LuaValues.encode(getStringCoerced(index));
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get a string argument as an enum value.
      *

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/api/lua/LuaTable.java

@@ -0,0 +1,461 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.api.lua;
+
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+import static dan200.computercraft.api.lua.LuaValues.*;
+
+/**
+ * A view of a Lua table.
+ * <p>
+ * Much like {@link IArguments}, this allows for convenient parsing of fields from a Lua table.
+ *
+ * @param <K> The type of keys in a table, will typically be a wildcard.
+ * @param <V> The type of values in a table, will typically be a wildcard.
+ * @see ObjectArguments
+ */
+public abstract class LuaTable<K, V> implements Map<K, V> {
+    /**
+     * Compute the length of the array part of this table.
+     *
+     * @return This table's length.
+     */
+    public int length() {
+        var size = 0;
+        while (containsKey((double) (size + 1))) size++;
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an array entry as a double.
+     *
+     * @param index The index in the table, starting at 1.
+     * @return The entry's value.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not a number.
+     * @see #getFiniteDouble(int) if you require this to be finite (i.e. not infinite or NaN).
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public double getDouble(int index) throws LuaException {
+        Object value = get((double) index);
+        if (!(value instanceof Number number)) throw badTableItem(index, "number", getType(value));
+        return number.doubleValue();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a table entry as a double.
+     *
+     * @param key The name of the field in the table.
+     * @return The field's value.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not a number.
+     * @see #getFiniteDouble(String) if you require this to be finite (i.e. not infinite or NaN).
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public double getDouble(String key) throws LuaException {
+        Object value = get(key);
+        if (!(value instanceof Number number)) throw badField(key, "number", getType(value));
+        return number.doubleValue();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an array entry as an integer.
+     *
+     * @param index The index in the table, starting at 1.
+     * @return The entry's value.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not an integer.
+     */
+    public long getLong(int index) throws LuaException {
+        Object value = get((double) index);
+        if (!(value instanceof Number number)) throw badTableItem(index, "number", getType(value));
+        checkFiniteIndex(index, number.doubleValue());
+        return number.longValue();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a table entry as an integer.
+     *
+     * @param key The name of the field in the table.
+     * @return The field's value.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not an integer.
+     */
+    public long getLong(String key) throws LuaException {
+        Object value = get(key);
+        if (!(value instanceof Number number)) throw badField(key, "number", getType(value));
+        checkFiniteField(key, number.doubleValue());
+        return number.longValue();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an array entry as an integer.
+     *
+     * @param index The index in the table, starting at 1.
+     * @return The entry's value.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not an integer.
+     */
+    public int getInt(int index) throws LuaException {
+        return (int) getLong(index);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a table entry as an integer.
+     *
+     * @param key The name of the field in the table.
+     * @return The field's value.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not an integer.
+     */
+    public int getInt(String key) throws LuaException {
+        return (int) getLong(key);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an argument as a finite number (not infinite or NaN).
+     *
+     * @param index The index in the table, starting at 1.
+     * @return The entry's value.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not finite.
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public double getFiniteDouble(int index) throws LuaException {
+        return checkFiniteIndex(index, getDouble(index));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an argument as a finite number (not infinite or NaN).
+     *
+     * @param key The name of the field in the table.
+     * @return The field's value.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not finite.
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public double getFiniteDouble(String key) throws LuaException {
+        return checkFiniteField(key, getDouble(key));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an array entry as a boolean.
+     *
+     * @param index The index in the table, starting at 1.
+     * @return The entry's value.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not a boolean.
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public boolean getBoolean(int index) throws LuaException {
+        Object value = get((double) index);
+        if (!(value instanceof Boolean bool)) throw badTableItem(index, "boolean", getType(value));
+        return bool;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a table entry as a boolean.
+     *
+     * @param key The name of the field in the table.
+     * @return The field's value.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not a boolean.
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public boolean getBoolean(String key) throws LuaException {
+        Object value = get(key);
+        if (!(value instanceof Boolean bool)) throw badField(key, "boolean", getType(value));
+        return bool;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an array entry as a string.
+     *
+     * @param index The index in the table, starting at 1.
+     * @return The entry's value.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not a string.
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public String getString(int index) throws LuaException {
+        Object value = get((double) index);
+        if (!(value instanceof String string)) throw badTableItem(index, "string", getType(value));
+        return string;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a table entry as a string.
+     *
+     * @param key The name of the field in the table.
+     * @return The field's value.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not a string.
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public String getString(String key) throws LuaException {
+        Object value = get(key);
+        if (!(value instanceof String string)) throw badField(key, "string", getType(value));
+        return string;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an array entry as a table.
+     * <p>
+     * The returned table may be converted into a {@link LuaTable} (using {@link ObjectLuaTable}) for easier parsing of
+     * table keys.
+     *
+     * @param index The index in the table, starting at 1.
+     * @return The entry's value.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not a table.
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public Map<?, ?> getTable(int index) throws LuaException {
+        Object value = get((double) index);
+        if (!(value instanceof Map<?, ?> table)) throw badTableItem(index, "table", getType(value));
+        return table;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a table entry as a table.
+     * <p>
+     * The returned table may be converted into a {@link LuaTable} (using {@link ObjectLuaTable}) for easier parsing of
+     * table keys.
+     *
+     * @param key The name of the field in the table.
+     * @return The field's value.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not a table.
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public Map<?, ?> getTable(String key) throws LuaException {
+        Object value = get(key);
+        if (!(value instanceof Map<?, ?> table)) throw badField(key, "table", getType(value));
+        return table;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an array entry as a double.
+     *
+     * @param index The index in the table, starting at 1.
+     * @return The entry's value, or {@link Optional#empty()} if not present.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not a number.
+     * @see #getFiniteDouble(int) if you require this to be finite (i.e. not infinite or NaN).
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public Optional<Double> optDouble(int index) throws LuaException {
+        Object value = get((double) index);
+        if (value == null) return Optional.empty();
+        if (!(value instanceof Number number)) throw badTableItem(index, "number", getType(value));
+        return Optional.of(number.doubleValue());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a table entry as a double.
+     *
+     * @param key The name of the field in the table.
+     * @return The field's value, or {@link Optional#empty()} if not present.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not a number.
+     * @see #getFiniteDouble(String) if you require this to be finite (i.e. not infinite or NaN).
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public Optional<Double> optDouble(String key) throws LuaException {
+        Object value = get(key);
+        if (value == null) return Optional.empty();
+        if (!(value instanceof Number number)) throw badField(key, "number", getType(value));
+        return Optional.of(number.doubleValue());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an array entry as an integer.
+     *
+     * @param index The index in the table, starting at 1.
+     * @return The entry's value, or {@link Optional#empty()} if not present.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not an integer.
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public Optional<Long> optLong(int index) throws LuaException {
+        Object value = get((double) index);
+        if (value == null) return Optional.empty();
+        if (!(value instanceof Number number)) throw badTableItem(index, "number", getType(value));
+        checkFiniteIndex(index, number.doubleValue());
+        return Optional.of(number.longValue());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a table entry as an integer.
+     *
+     * @param key The name of the field in the table.
+     * @return The field's value, or {@link Optional#empty()} if not present.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not an integer.
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public Optional<Long> optLong(String key) throws LuaException {
+        Object value = get(key);
+        if (value == null) return Optional.empty();
+        if (!(value instanceof Number number)) throw badField(key, "number", getType(value));
+        checkFiniteField(key, number.doubleValue());
+        return Optional.of(number.longValue());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an array entry as an integer.
+     *
+     * @param index The index in the table, starting at 1.
+     * @return The entry's value, or {@link Optional#empty()} if not present.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not an integer.
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public Optional<Integer> optInt(int index) throws LuaException {
+        return optLong(index).map(Long::intValue);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a table entry as an integer.
+     *
+     * @param key The name of the field in the table.
+     * @return The field's value, or {@link Optional#empty()} if not present.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not an integer.
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public Optional<Integer> optInt(String key) throws LuaException {
+        return optLong(key).map(Long::intValue);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an argument as a finite number (not infinite or NaN).
+     *
+     * @param index The index in the table, starting at 1.
+     * @return The entry's value, or {@link Optional#empty()} if not present.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not finite.
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public Optional<Double> optFiniteDouble(int index) throws LuaException {
+        var value = optDouble(index);
+        if (value.isPresent()) checkFiniteIndex(index, value.get());
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an argument as a finite number (not infinite or NaN).
+     *
+     * @param key The name of the field in the table.
+     * @return The field's value, or {@link Optional#empty()} if not present.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not finite.
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public Optional<Double> optFiniteDouble(String key) throws LuaException {
+        var value = optDouble(key);
+        if (value.isPresent()) checkFiniteField(key, value.get());
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an array entry as a boolean.
+     *
+     * @param index The index in the table, starting at 1.
+     * @return The entry's value, or {@link Optional#empty()} if not present.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not a boolean.
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public Optional<Boolean> optBoolean(int index) throws LuaException {
+        Object value = get((double) index);
+        if (value == null) return Optional.empty();
+        if (!(value instanceof Boolean bool)) throw badTableItem(index, "boolean", getType(value));
+        return Optional.of(bool);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a table entry as a boolean.
+     *
+     * @param key The name of the field in the table.
+     * @return The field's value, or {@link Optional#empty()} if not present.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not a boolean.
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public Optional<Boolean> optBoolean(String key) throws LuaException {
+        Object value = get(key);
+        if (value == null) return Optional.empty();
+        if (!(value instanceof Boolean bool)) throw badField(key, "boolean", getType(value));
+        return Optional.of(bool);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an array entry as a double.
+     *
+     * @param index The index in the table, starting at 1.
+     * @return The entry's value, or {@link Optional#empty()} if not present.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not a string.
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public Optional<String> optString(int index) throws LuaException {
+        Object value = get((double) index);
+        if (value == null) return Optional.empty();
+        if (!(value instanceof String string)) throw badTableItem(index, "string", getType(value));
+        return Optional.of(string);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a table entry as a string.
+     *
+     * @param key The name of the field in the table.
+     * @return The field's value, or {@link Optional#empty()} if not present.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not a string.
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public Optional<String> optString(String key) throws LuaException {
+        Object value = get(key);
+        if (value == null) return Optional.empty();
+        if (!(value instanceof String string)) throw badField(key, "string", getType(value));
+        return Optional.of(string);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an array entry as a table.
+     * <p>
+     * The returned table may be converted into a {@link LuaTable} (using {@link ObjectLuaTable}) for easier parsing of
+     * table keys.
+     *
+     * @param index The index in the table, starting at 1.
+     * @return The entry's value, or {@link Optional#empty()} if not present.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not a table.
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public Optional<Map<?, ?>> optTable(int index) throws LuaException {
+        Object value = get((double) index);
+        if (value == null) return Optional.empty();
+        if (!(value instanceof Map<?, ?> table)) throw badTableItem(index, "table", getType(value));
+        return Optional.of(table);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a table entry as a table.
+     * <p>
+     * The returned table may be converted into a {@link LuaTable} (using {@link ObjectLuaTable}) for easier parsing of
+     * table keys.
+     *
+     * @param key The name of the field in the table.
+     * @return The field's value, or {@link Optional#empty()} if not present.
+     * @throws LuaException If the value is not a table.
+     * @since 1.116
+     */
+    public Optional<Map<?, ?>> optTable(String key) throws LuaException {
+        Object value = get(key);
+        if (value == null) return Optional.empty();
+        if (!(value instanceof Map<?, ?> table)) throw badField(key, "table", getType(value));
+        return Optional.of(table);
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    @Override
+    public V put(K o, V o2) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Cannot modify LuaTable");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public V remove(Object o) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Cannot modify LuaTable");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> map) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Cannot modify LuaTable");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void clear() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Cannot modify LuaTable");
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/api/lua/LuaValues.java

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 
 package dan200.computercraft.api.lua;
 
-import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
+
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.Map;
 
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ public final class LuaValues {
      * @return The constructed exception, which should be thrown immediately.
      */
     public static LuaException badTableItem(int index, String expected, String actual) {
-        return new LuaException("table item #" + index + " is not " + expected + " (got " + actual + ")");
+        return new LuaException("bad item #" + index + " (" + expected + " expected, got " + actual + ")");
     }
 
     /**
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ public final class LuaValues {
      * @return The constructed exception, which should be thrown immediately.
      */
     public static LuaException badField(String key, String expected, String actual) {
-        return new LuaException("field " + key + " is not " + expected + " (got " + actual + ")");
+        return new LuaException("bad field '" + key + "' (" + expected + " expected, got " + actual + ")");
     }
 
     /**
@@ -137,6 +138,16 @@ public final class LuaValues {
         return value;
     }
 
+    static double checkFiniteIndex(int index, double value) throws LuaException {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(value)) throw badTableItem(index, "number", getNumericType(value));
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    static double checkFiniteField(String key, double value) throws LuaException {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(value)) throw badField(key, "number", getNumericType(value));
+        return value;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Ensure a string is a valid enum value.
      *

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/api/lua/ObjectLuaTable.java

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.api.lua;
+
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * An implementation of {@link LuaTable} based on a standard Java {@link Map}.
+ */
+public class ObjectLuaTable extends LuaTable<Object, Object> {
+    private final Map<Object, Object> map;
+
+    public ObjectLuaTable(Map<?, ?> map) {
+        this.map = Collections.unmodifiableMap(map);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int size() {
+        return map.size();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isEmpty() {
+        return map.isEmpty();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean containsKey(Object o) {
+        return map.containsKey(o);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean containsValue(Object o) {
+        return map.containsKey(o);
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    @Override
+    public Object get(Object o) {
+        return map.get(o);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Set<Object> keySet() {
+        return map.keySet();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Collection<Object> values() {
+        return map.values();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Set<Entry<Object, Object>> entrySet() {
+        return map.entrySet();
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/HTTPAPI.java

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+// Copyright Daniel Ratcliffe, 2011-2022. Do not distribute without permission.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-CCPL
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.apis;
+
+import dan200.ComputerCraft;
+import dan200.computer.core.IAPIEnvironment;
+import dan200.computer.core.ILuaAPI;
+import dan200.computercraft.api.lua.*;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.*;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.request.HttpRequest;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.websocket.Websocket;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.websocket.WebsocketClient;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpHeaders;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaderNames;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpMethod;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+import static dan200.computercraft.core.util.ArgumentHelpers.assertBetween;
+
+/**
+ * Placeholder description, please ignore.
+ *
+ * @cc.module http
+ * @hidden
+ */
+public class HTTPAPI implements ILuaAPI {
+    private static final double DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 30;
+    private static final double MAX_TIMEOUT = 60;
+
+    private final IAPIEnvironment apiEnvironment;
+
+    private final ResourceGroup<CheckUrl> checkUrls = new ResourceGroup<>(() -> ResourceGroup.DEFAULT_LIMIT);
+    private final ResourceGroup<HttpRequest> requests = new ResourceQueue<>(() -> 16);
+    private final ResourceGroup<Websocket> websockets = new ResourceGroup<>(() -> 4);
+
+    public HTTPAPI(IAPIEnvironment environment) {
+        apiEnvironment = environment;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String[] getNames() {
+        return new String[]{ "http" };
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void startup() {
+        checkUrls.startup();
+        requests.startup();
+        websockets.startup();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void shutdown() {
+        checkUrls.shutdown();
+        requests.shutdown();
+        websockets.shutdown();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void advance(double dt) {
+        // It's rather ugly to run this here, but we need to clean up
+        // resources as often as possible to reduce blocking.
+        Resource.cleanup();
+    }
+
+    @LuaFunction
+    public final Object[] request(IArguments args) throws LuaException {
+        String address, requestMethod;
+        ByteBuffer postBody;
+        Map<?, ?> headerTable;
+        boolean binary, redirect;
+        Optional<Double> timeoutArg;
+
+        if (args.get(0) instanceof Map) {
+            var options = new ObjectLuaTable(args.getTable(0));
+            address = options.getString("url");
+            postBody = options.optString("body").map(LuaValues::encode).orElse(null);
+            headerTable = options.optTable("headers").orElse(Collections.emptyMap());
+            binary = options.optBoolean("binary").orElse(false);
+            requestMethod = options.optString("method").orElse(null);
+            redirect = options.optBoolean("redirect").orElse(true);
+            timeoutArg = options.optFiniteDouble("timeout");
+        } else {
+            // Get URL and post information
+            address = args.getString(0);
+            postBody = args.optBytes(1).orElse(null);
+            headerTable = args.optTable(2, Collections.emptyMap());
+            binary = args.optBoolean(3, false);
+            requestMethod = null;
+            redirect = true;
+            timeoutArg = Optional.empty();
+        }
+
+        var headers = getHeaders(headerTable);
+        var timeout = getTimeout(timeoutArg);
+
+        HttpMethod httpMethod;
+        if (requestMethod == null) {
+            httpMethod = postBody == null ? HttpMethod.GET : HttpMethod.POST;
+        } else {
+            httpMethod = HttpMethod.valueOf(requestMethod.toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT));
+            if (httpMethod == null || requestMethod.equalsIgnoreCase("CONNECT")) {
+                throw new LuaException("Unsupported HTTP method");
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            var uri = HttpRequest.checkUri(address);
+            var request = new HttpRequest(requests, apiEnvironment, address, postBody, headers, binary, redirect, timeout);
+
+            // Make the request
+            if (!request.queue(r -> r.request(uri, httpMethod))) {
+                throw new LuaException("Too many ongoing HTTP requests");
+            }
+
+            return new Object[]{ true };
+        } catch (HTTPRequestException e) {
+            return new Object[]{ false, e.getMessage() };
+        }
+    }
+
+    @LuaFunction
+    public final Object[] checkURL(String address) throws LuaException {
+        try {
+            var uri = HttpRequest.checkUri(address);
+            if (!new CheckUrl(checkUrls, apiEnvironment, address, uri).queue(CheckUrl::run)) {
+                throw new LuaException("Too many ongoing checkUrl calls");
+            }
+
+            return new Object[]{ true };
+        } catch (HTTPRequestException e) {
+            return new Object[]{ false, e.getMessage() };
+        }
+    }
+
+    @LuaFunction
+    public final Object[] websocket(IArguments args) throws LuaException {
+        String address;
+        Map<?, ?> headerTable;
+        Optional<Double> timeoutArg;
+
+        if (args.get(0) instanceof Map) {
+            var options = new ObjectLuaTable(args.getTable(0));
+            address = options.getString("url");
+            headerTable = options.optTable("headers").orElse(Collections.emptyMap());
+            timeoutArg = options.optFiniteDouble("timeout");
+        } else {
+            address = args.getString(0);
+            headerTable = args.optTable(1, Collections.emptyMap());
+            timeoutArg = Optional.empty();
+        }
+
+        var headers = getHeaders(headerTable);
+        var timeout = getTimeout(timeoutArg);
+
+        try {
+            var uri = WebsocketClient.Support.parseUri(address);
+            if (!new Websocket(websockets, apiEnvironment, uri, address, headers, timeout).queue(Websocket::connect)) {
+                throw new LuaException("Too many websockets already open");
+            }
+
+            return new Object[]{ true };
+        } catch (HTTPRequestException e) {
+            return new Object[]{ false, e.getMessage() };
+        }
+    }
+
+    private HttpHeaders getHeaders(Map<?, ?> headerTable) throws LuaException {
+        HttpHeaders headers = new DefaultHttpHeaders();
+        for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : headerTable.entrySet()) {
+            var value = entry.getValue();
+            if (entry.getKey() instanceof String && value instanceof String) {
+                try {
+                    headers.add((String) entry.getKey(), value);
+                } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                    throw new LuaException(e.getMessage());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!headers.contains(HttpHeaderNames.USER_AGENT)) {
+            headers.set(HttpHeaderNames.USER_AGENT, "computercraft/" + ComputerCraft.getVersion());
+        }
+        return headers;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse the timeout value, asserting it is in range.
+     *
+     * @param timeoutArg The (optional) timeout, in seconds.
+     * @return The parsed timeout value, in milliseconds.
+     * @throws LuaException If the timeout is in-range.
+     */
+    private static int getTimeout(Optional<Double> timeoutArg) throws LuaException {
+        double timeout = timeoutArg.orElse(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
+        assertBetween(timeout, 0, MAX_TIMEOUT, "timeout out of range (%s)");
+        return (int) (timeout * 1000);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String[] getMethodNames() {
+        return new String[0];
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object[] callMethod(int i, Object[] objects) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException();
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/handles/AbstractHandle.java

@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2017 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.handles;
+
+import dan200.computercraft.api.lua.Coerced;
+import dan200.computercraft.api.lua.IArguments;
+import dan200.computercraft.api.lua.LuaException;
+import dan200.computercraft.api.lua.LuaFunction;
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.Buffer;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
+import java.nio.channels.SeekableByteChannel;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+/**
+ * The base class for all file handle types.
+ */
+public abstract class AbstractHandle {
+    private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 8192;
+
+    private final SeekableByteChannel channel;
+    private boolean closed;
+    protected final boolean binary;
+
+    private final ByteBuffer single = ByteBuffer.allocate(1);
+
+    protected AbstractHandle(SeekableByteChannel channel, boolean binary) {
+        this.channel = channel;
+        this.binary = binary;
+    }
+
+    protected void checkOpen() throws LuaException {
+        if (closed) throw new LuaException("attempt to use a closed file");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Close this file, freeing any resources it uses.
+     * <p>
+     * Once a file is closed it may no longer be read or written to.
+     *
+     * @throws LuaException If the file has already been closed.
+     */
+    @LuaFunction
+    public final void close() throws LuaException {
+        checkOpen();
+        try {
+            closed = true;
+            channel.close();
+        } catch (IOException ignored) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Seek to a new position within the file, changing where bytes are written to. The new position is an offset
+     * given by {@code offset}, relative to a start position determined by {@code whence}:
+     * <p>
+     * - {@code "set"}: {@code offset} is relative to the beginning of the file.
+     * - {@code "cur"}: Relative to the current position. This is the default.
+     * - {@code "end"}: Relative to the end of the file.
+     * <p>
+     * In case of success, {@code seek} returns the new file position from the beginning of the file.
+     *
+     * @param whence Where the offset is relative to.
+     * @param offset The offset to seek to.
+     * @return The new position.
+     * @throws LuaException If the file has been closed.
+     * @cc.treturn [1] number The new position.
+     * @cc.treturn [2] nil If seeking failed.
+     * @cc.treturn string The reason seeking failed.
+     * @cc.since 1.80pr1.9
+     */
+    public Object @Nullable [] seek(Optional<String> whence, Optional<Long> offset) throws LuaException {
+        checkOpen();
+        long actualOffset = offset.orElse(0L);
+        try {
+            switch (whence.orElse("cur")) {
+                case "set" -> channel.position(actualOffset);
+                case "cur" -> channel.position(channel.position() + actualOffset);
+                case "end" -> channel.position(channel.size() + actualOffset);
+                default -> throw new LuaException("bad argument #1 to 'seek' (invalid option '" + whence + "'");
+            }
+
+            return new Object[]{channel.position()};
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            return new Object[]{null, "Position is negative"};
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read a number of bytes from this file.
+     *
+     * @param countArg The number of bytes to read. This may be 0 to determine we are at the end of the file. When
+     *                 absent, a single byte will be read.
+     * @return The read bytes.
+     * @throws LuaException When trying to read a negative number of bytes.
+     * @throws LuaException If the file has been closed.
+     * @cc.treturn [1] nil If we are at the end of the file.
+     * @cc.treturn [2] number The value of the byte read. This is returned if the file is opened in binary mode and
+     * {@code count} is absent
+     * @cc.treturn [3] string The bytes read as a string. This is returned when the {@code count} is given.
+     * @cc.changed 1.80pr1 Now accepts an integer argument to read multiple bytes, returning a string instead of a number.
+     */
+    public Object @Nullable [] read(Optional<Integer> countArg) throws LuaException {
+        checkOpen();
+        try {
+            if (binary && !countArg.isPresent()) {
+                clear(single);
+                var b = channel.read(single);
+                return b == -1 ? null : new Object[]{single.get(0) & 0xFF};
+            } else {
+                int count = countArg.orElse(1);
+                if (count < 0) throw new LuaException("Cannot read a negative number of bytes");
+                if (count == 0) return channel.position() >= channel.size() ? null : new Object[]{""};
+
+                if (count <= BUFFER_SIZE) {
+                    var buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(count);
+
+                    var read = channel.read(buffer);
+                    if (read < 0) return null;
+                    flip(buffer);
+                    return new Object[]{buffer};
+                } else {
+                    // Read the initial set of characters, failing if none are read.
+                    var buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(BUFFER_SIZE);
+                    var read = channel.read(buffer);
+                    if (read < 0) return null;
+                    flip(buffer);
+
+                    // If we failed to read "enough" here, let's just abort
+                    if (read >= count || read < BUFFER_SIZE) return new Object[]{buffer};
+
+                    // Build up an array of ByteBuffers. Hopefully this means we can perform less allocation
+                    // than doubling up the buffer each time.
+                    var totalRead = read;
+                    List<ByteBuffer> parts = new ArrayList<>(4);
+                    parts.add(buffer);
+                    while (read >= BUFFER_SIZE && totalRead < count) {
+                        buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(Math.min(BUFFER_SIZE, count - totalRead));
+                        read = channel.read(buffer);
+                        if (read < 0) break;
+                        flip(buffer);
+
+                        totalRead += read;
+                        assert read == buffer.remaining();
+                        parts.add(buffer);
+                    }
+
+                    // Now just copy all the bytes across!
+                    var bytes = new byte[totalRead];
+                    var pos = 0;
+                    for (var part : parts) {
+                        var length = part.remaining();
+                        part.get(bytes, pos, length);
+                        pos += length;
+                    }
+                    assert pos == totalRead;
+                    return new Object[]{bytes};
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read the remainder of the file.
+     *
+     * @return The remaining contents of the file, or {@code null} in the event of an error.
+     * @throws LuaException If the file has been closed.
+     * @cc.treturn string|nil The remaining contents of the file, or {@code nil} in the event of an error.
+     * @cc.since 1.80pr1
+     */
+    public Object @Nullable [] readAll() throws LuaException {
+        checkOpen();
+        try {
+            var expected = 32;
+            expected = Math.max(expected, (int) (channel.size() - channel.position()));
+            var stream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(expected);
+
+            var buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(8192);
+            while (true) {
+                clear(buf);
+                var r = channel.read(buf);
+                if (r == -1) break;
+
+                stream.write(buf.array(), 0, r);
+            }
+            return new Object[]{stream.toByteArray()};
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read a line from the file.
+     *
+     * @param withTrailingArg Whether to include the newline characters with the returned string. Defaults to {@code false}.
+     * @return The read string.
+     * @throws LuaException If the file has been closed.
+     * @cc.treturn string|nil The read line or {@code nil} if at the end of the file.
+     * @cc.since 1.80pr1.9
+     * @cc.changed 1.81.0 `\r` is now stripped.
+     */
+    public Object @Nullable [] readLine(Optional<Boolean> withTrailingArg) throws LuaException {
+        checkOpen();
+        boolean withTrailing = withTrailingArg.orElse(false);
+        try {
+            var stream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+
+            boolean readAnything = false, readRc = false;
+            while (true) {
+                clear(single);
+                var read = channel.read(single);
+                if (read <= 0) {
+                    // Nothing else to read, and we saw no \n. Return the array. If we saw a \r, then add it
+                    // back.
+                    if (readRc) stream.write('\r');
+                    return readAnything ? new Object[]{stream.toByteArray()} : null;
+                }
+
+                readAnything = true;
+
+                var chr = single.get(0);
+                if (chr == '\n') {
+                    if (withTrailing) {
+                        if (readRc) stream.write('\r');
+                        stream.write(chr);
+                    }
+                    return new Object[]{stream.toByteArray()};
+                } else {
+                    // We want to skip \r\n, but obviously need to include cases where \r is not followed by \n.
+                    // Note, this behaviour is non-standard compliant (strictly speaking we should have no
+                    // special logic for \r), but we preserve compatibility with EncodedReadableHandle and
+                    // previous behaviour of the io library.
+                    if (readRc) stream.write('\r');
+                    readRc = chr == '\r';
+                    if (!readRc) stream.write(chr);
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Write a string or byte to the file.
+     *
+     * @param arguments The value to write.
+     * @throws LuaException If the file has been closed.
+     * @cc.tparam [1] string contents The string to write.
+     * @cc.tparam [2] number charcode The byte to write, if the file was opened in binary mode.
+     * @cc.changed 1.80pr1 Now accepts a string to write multiple bytes.
+     */
+    public void write(IArguments arguments) throws LuaException {
+        checkOpen();
+        try {
+            var arg = arguments.get(0);
+            if (binary && arg instanceof Number n) {
+                var number = n.intValue();
+                writeSingle((byte) number);
+            } else {
+                channel.write(arguments.getBytesCoerced(0));
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new LuaException(e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a string of characters to the file, following them with a new line character.
+     *
+     * @param text The text to write to the file.
+     * @throws LuaException If the file has been closed.
+     */
+    public void writeLine(Coerced<ByteBuffer> text) throws LuaException {
+        checkOpen();
+        try {
+            channel.write(text.value());
+            writeSingle((byte) '\n');
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new LuaException(e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void writeSingle(byte value) throws IOException {
+        clear(single);
+        single.put(value);
+        flip(single);
+        channel.write(single);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Save the current file without closing it.
+     *
+     * @throws LuaException If the file has been closed.
+     */
+    public void flush() throws LuaException {
+        checkOpen();
+        try {
+            // Technically this is not needed
+            if (channel instanceof FileChannel channel) channel.force(false);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new LuaException(e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    // The ByteBuffer.clear():ByteBuffer overrides don't exist on Java 8, so add some wrapper functions to avoid that.
+
+    private static void clear(Buffer buffer) {
+        buffer.clear();
+    }
+
+    private static void flip(Buffer buffer) {
+        buffer.flip();
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/handles/ArrayByteChannel.java

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2018 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.handles;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.ClosedChannelException;
+import java.nio.channels.NonWritableChannelException;
+import java.nio.channels.SeekableByteChannel;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * A seekable, readable byte channel which is backed by a simple byte array.
+ */
+public class ArrayByteChannel implements SeekableByteChannel {
+    private boolean closed = false;
+    private int position = 0;
+
+    private final byte[] backing;
+
+    public ArrayByteChannel(byte[] backing) {
+        this.backing = backing;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int read(ByteBuffer destination) throws ClosedChannelException {
+        if (closed) throw new ClosedChannelException();
+        Objects.requireNonNull(destination, "destination");
+
+        if (position >= backing.length) return -1;
+
+        var remaining = Math.min(backing.length - position, destination.remaining());
+        destination.put(backing, position, remaining);
+        position += remaining;
+        return remaining;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int write(ByteBuffer src) throws ClosedChannelException {
+        if (closed) throw new ClosedChannelException();
+        throw new NonWritableChannelException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long position() throws ClosedChannelException {
+        if (closed) throw new ClosedChannelException();
+        return position;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SeekableByteChannel position(long newPosition) throws ClosedChannelException {
+        if (closed) throw new ClosedChannelException();
+        if (newPosition < 0 || newPosition > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Position out of bounds");
+        }
+        position = (int) newPosition;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long size() throws ClosedChannelException {
+        if (closed) throw new ClosedChannelException();
+        return backing.length;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SeekableByteChannel truncate(long size) throws ClosedChannelException {
+        if (closed) throw new ClosedChannelException();
+        throw new NonWritableChannelException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isOpen() {
+        return !closed;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() {
+        closed = true;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/handles/ReadHandle.java

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2018 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.handles;
+
+import dan200.computercraft.api.lua.LuaException;
+import dan200.computercraft.api.lua.LuaFunction;
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.nio.channels.SeekableByteChannel;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+/**
+ * A file handle opened for reading with {@link dan200.computercraft.core.apis.FSAPI#open(String, String)}.
+ *
+ * @cc.module fs.ReadHandle
+ */
+public class ReadHandle extends AbstractHandle {
+    public ReadHandle(SeekableByteChannel channel, boolean binary) {
+        super(channel, binary);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    @LuaFunction
+    public final Object @Nullable [] read(Optional<Integer> countArg) throws LuaException {
+        return super.read(countArg);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    @LuaFunction
+    public final Object @Nullable [] readAll() throws LuaException {
+        return super.readAll();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    @LuaFunction
+    public final Object @Nullable [] readLine(Optional<Boolean> withTrailingArg) throws LuaException {
+        return super.readLine(withTrailingArg);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    @LuaFunction
+    public final Object @Nullable [] seek(Optional<String> whence, Optional<Long> offset) throws LuaException {
+        return super.seek(whence, offset);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/CheckUrl.java

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http;
+
+import dan200.computer.core.IAPIEnvironment;
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+
+/**
+ * Checks a URL using {@link NetworkUtils#getAddress(String, int, boolean)}}
+ * <p>
+ * This requires a DNS lookup, and so needs to occur off-thread.
+ */
+public class CheckUrl extends Resource<CheckUrl> {
+    private static final String EVENT = "http_check";
+
+    private @Nullable Future<?> future;
+
+    private final IAPIEnvironment environment;
+    private final String address;
+    private final URI uri;
+
+    public CheckUrl(ResourceGroup<CheckUrl> limiter, IAPIEnvironment environment, String address, URI uri) {
+        super(limiter);
+        this.environment = environment;
+        this.address = address;
+        this.uri = uri;
+    }
+
+    public void run() {
+        if (isClosed()) return;
+        future = NetworkUtils.EXECUTOR.submit(this::doRun);
+        checkClosed();
+    }
+
+    private void doRun() {
+        if (isClosed()) return;
+
+        try {
+            var ssl = uri.getScheme().equalsIgnoreCase("https");
+            var netAddress = NetworkUtils.getAddress(uri, ssl);
+            NetworkUtils.getOptions(uri.getHost(), netAddress);
+
+            if (tryClose()) environment.queueEvent(EVENT, new Object[]{ address, true });
+        } catch (HTTPRequestException e) {
+            if (tryClose()) {
+                environment.queueEvent(EVENT, new Object[]{ address, false, NetworkUtils.toFriendlyError(e) });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void dispose() {
+        super.dispose();
+        future = closeFuture(future);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/HTTPRequestException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright Daniel Ratcliffe, 2011-2022. Do not distribute without permission.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-CCPL
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http;
+
+import java.io.Serial;
+
+public class HTTPRequestException extends Exception {
+    @Serial
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 7591208619422744652L;
+
+    public HTTPRequestException(String s) {
+        super(s);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Throwable fillInStackTrace() {
+        return this;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/NetworkUtils.java

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http;
+
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.options.Action;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.options.Options;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.util.ThreadUtils;
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+import io.netty.channel.ConnectTimeoutException;
+import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
+import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
+import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.DecoderException;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.TooLongFrameException;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketHandshakeException;
+import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslContext;
+import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslContextBuilder;
+import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler;
+import io.netty.handler.timeout.ReadTimeoutException;
+import io.netty.handler.traffic.AbstractTrafficShapingHandler;
+import io.netty.handler.traffic.GlobalTrafficShapingHandler;
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+
+import static cc.tweaked.CCTweaked.LOG;
+
+/**
+ * Just a shared object for executing simple HTTP related tasks.
+ */
+public final class NetworkUtils {
+    public static final ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor EXECUTOR = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(4, ThreadUtils.lowPriorityFactory("Network"));
+    public static final EventLoopGroup LOOP_GROUP = new NioEventLoopGroup(4, ThreadUtils.lowPriorityFactory("Netty"));
+
+    private static final AbstractTrafficShapingHandler SHAPING_HANDLER = new GlobalTrafficShapingHandler(
+        EXECUTOR, 32 * 1024 * 1024, 32 * 1024 * 1024
+    );
+
+    static {
+        EXECUTOR.setKeepAliveTime(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+    }
+
+    private NetworkUtils() {
+    }
+
+    private static final Object sslLock = new Object();
+    private static @Nullable SslContext sslContext;
+    private static boolean triedSslContext = false;
+
+    private static @Nullable SslContext makeSslContext() {
+        if (triedSslContext) return sslContext;
+        synchronized (sslLock) {
+            if (triedSslContext) return sslContext;
+
+            triedSslContext = true;
+            try {
+                return sslContext = SslContextBuilder.forClient().build();
+            } catch (SSLException e) {
+                LOG.log(Level.SEVERE, "Cannot construct SSL context", e);
+                return sslContext = null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static SslContext getSslContext() throws HTTPRequestException {
+        var ssl = makeSslContext();
+        if (ssl == null) throw new HTTPRequestException("Could not create a secure connection");
+        return ssl;
+    }
+
+    public static void reset() {
+        SHAPING_HANDLER.trafficCounter().resetCumulativeTime();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a {@link InetSocketAddress} from a {@link java.net.URI}.
+     * <p>
+     * Note, this may require a DNS lookup, and so should not be executed on the main CC thread.
+     *
+     * @param uri The URI to fetch.
+     * @param ssl Whether to connect with SSL. This is used to find the default port if not otherwise specified.
+     * @return The resolved address.
+     * @throws HTTPRequestException If the host is not malformed.
+     */
+    public static InetSocketAddress getAddress(URI uri, boolean ssl) throws HTTPRequestException {
+        return getAddress(uri.getHost(), uri.getPort(), ssl);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a {@link InetSocketAddress} from the resolved {@code host} and port.
+     * <p>
+     * Note, this may require a DNS lookup, and so should not be executed on the main CC thread.
+     *
+     * @param host The host to resolve.
+     * @param port The port, or -1 if not defined.
+     * @param ssl  Whether to connect with SSL. This is used to find the default port if not otherwise specified.
+     * @return The resolved address.
+     * @throws HTTPRequestException If the host is not malformed.
+     */
+    public static InetSocketAddress getAddress(String host, int port, boolean ssl) throws HTTPRequestException {
+        if (port < 0) port = ssl ? 443 : 80;
+        var socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(host, port);
+        if (socketAddress.isUnresolved()) throw new HTTPRequestException("Unknown host");
+        return socketAddress;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get options for a specific domain.
+     *
+     * @param host    The host to resolve.
+     * @param address The address, resolved by {@link #getAddress(String, int, boolean)}.
+     * @return The options for this host.
+     * @throws HTTPRequestException If the host is not permitted
+     */
+    public static Options getOptions(String host, InetSocketAddress address) throws HTTPRequestException {
+        return new Options(Action.ALLOW, 4 * 1024 * 1024, 16 * 1024 * 1024, 128 * 1024, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make an SSL handler for the remote host.
+     *
+     * @param ch         The channel the handler will be added to.
+     * @param sslContext The SSL context, if present.
+     * @param timeout    The timeout on this channel.
+     * @param peerHost   The host to connect to.
+     * @param peerPort   The port to connect to.
+     * @return The SSL handler.
+     * @see io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler
+     */
+    private static SslHandler makeSslHandler(SocketChannel ch, SslContext sslContext, int timeout, String peerHost, int peerPort) {
+        var handler = sslContext.newHandler(ch.alloc(), peerHost, peerPort);
+        if (timeout > 0) handler.setHandshakeTimeoutMillis(timeout);
+        return handler;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set up some basic properties of the channel. This adds a timeout, the traffic shaping handler, and the SSL
+     * handler.
+     *
+     * @param ch            The channel to initialise.
+     * @param uri           The URI to connect to.
+     * @param socketAddress The address of the socket to connect to.
+     * @param sslContext    The SSL context, if present.
+     * @param proxy         The proxy handler, if present.
+     * @param timeout       The timeout on this channel.
+     * @see io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer
+     */
+    public static void initChannel(SocketChannel ch, URI uri, InetSocketAddress socketAddress, @Nullable SslContext sslContext, @Nullable Consumer<SocketChannel> proxy, int timeout) {
+        if (timeout > 0) ch.config().setConnectTimeoutMillis(timeout);
+
+        var p = ch.pipeline();
+        p.addLast(SHAPING_HANDLER);
+
+        if (proxy != null) proxy.accept(ch);
+
+        if (sslContext != null) {
+            p.addLast(makeSslHandler(ch, sslContext, timeout, uri.getHost(), socketAddress.getPort()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read a {@link ByteBuf} into a byte array.
+     *
+     * @param buffer The buffer to read.
+     * @return The resulting bytes.
+     */
+    public static byte[] toBytes(ByteBuf buffer) {
+        var bytes = new byte[buffer.readableBytes()];
+        buffer.readBytes(bytes);
+        return bytes;
+    }
+
+    public static String toFriendlyError(Throwable cause) {
+        if (cause instanceof WebSocketHandshakeException || cause instanceof HTTPRequestException) {
+            var message = cause.getMessage();
+            return message == null ? "Could not connect" : message;
+        } else if (cause instanceof TooLongFrameException) {
+            return "Message is too large";
+        } else if (cause instanceof ReadTimeoutException || cause instanceof ConnectTimeoutException) {
+            return "Timed out";
+        } else if (cause instanceof SSLHandshakeException || (cause instanceof DecoderException && cause.getCause() instanceof SSLHandshakeException)) {
+            return "Could not create a secure connection";
+        } else {
+            return "Could not connect";
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/Resource.java

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http;
+
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.ref.Reference;
+import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
+import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
+/**
+ * A holder for one or more resources, with a lifetime.
+ *
+ * @param <T> The type of this resource. Should be the class extending from {@link Resource}.
+ */
+public abstract class Resource<T extends Resource<T>> implements Closeable {
+    private final AtomicBoolean closed = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+    private final ResourceGroup<T> limiter;
+
+    protected Resource(ResourceGroup<T> limiter) {
+        this.limiter = limiter;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether this resource is closed.
+     *
+     * @return Whether this resource is closed.
+     */
+    public final boolean isClosed() {
+        return closed.get();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if this has been cancelled. If so, it'll clean up any existing resources and cancel any pending futures.
+     *
+     * @return Whether this resource has been closed.
+     */
+    public final boolean checkClosed() {
+        if (!closed.get()) return false;
+        dispose();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Try to close the current resource.
+     *
+     * @return Whether this was successfully closed, or {@code false} if it has already been closed.
+     */
+    protected final boolean tryClose() {
+        if (closed.getAndSet(true)) return false;
+        dispose();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clean up any pending resources
+     * <p>
+     * Note, this may be called multiple times, and so should be thread-safe and
+     * avoid any major side effects.
+     */
+    protected void dispose() {
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        var thisT = (T) this;
+        limiter.release(thisT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a {@link WeakReference} which will close {@code this} when collected.
+     *
+     * @param <R>    The object we are wrapping in a reference.
+     * @param object The object to reference to
+     * @return The weak reference.
+     */
+    protected <R> WeakReference<R> createOwnerReference(R object) {
+        return new CloseReference<>(this, object);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void close() {
+        tryClose();
+    }
+
+    public final boolean queue(Consumer<T> task) {
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        var thisT = (T) this;
+        return limiter.queue(thisT, () -> task.accept(thisT));
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    protected static <T extends Closeable> T closeCloseable(@Nullable T closeable) {
+        try {
+            if (closeable != null) closeable.close();
+        } catch (IOException ignored) {
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    protected static ChannelFuture closeChannel(@Nullable ChannelFuture future) {
+        if (future != null) {
+            future.cancel(false);
+            var channel = future.channel();
+            if (channel != null && channel.isOpen()) channel.close();
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    protected static <T extends Future<?>> T closeFuture(@Nullable T future) {
+        if (future != null) future.cancel(true);
+        return null;
+    }
+
+
+    private static final ReferenceQueue<Object> QUEUE = new ReferenceQueue<>();
+
+    private static class CloseReference<T> extends WeakReference<T> {
+        final Resource<?> resource;
+
+        CloseReference(Resource<?> resource, T referent) {
+            super(referent, QUEUE);
+            this.resource = resource;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void cleanup() {
+        Reference<?> reference;
+        while ((reference = QUEUE.poll()) != null) ((CloseReference<?>) reference).resource.close();
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/ResourceGroup.java

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.function.IntSupplier;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+/**
+ * A collection of {@link Resource}s, with an upper bound on capacity.
+ *
+ * @param <T> The type of the resource this group manages.
+ */
+public class ResourceGroup<T extends Resource<T>> {
+    public static final int DEFAULT_LIMIT = 512;
+
+    final IntSupplier limit;
+
+    boolean active = false;
+
+    final Set<T> resources = Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<>());
+
+    public ResourceGroup(IntSupplier limit) {
+        this.limit = limit;
+    }
+
+    public void startup() {
+        active = true;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void shutdown() {
+        active = false;
+
+        for (var resource : resources) resource.close();
+        resources.clear();
+
+        Resource.cleanup();
+    }
+
+
+    public final boolean queue(T resource, Runnable setup) {
+        return queue(() -> {
+            setup.run();
+            return resource;
+        });
+    }
+
+    public synchronized boolean queue(Supplier<T> resource) {
+        Resource.cleanup();
+        if (!active) return false;
+
+        var limit = this.limit.getAsInt();
+        if (limit <= 0 || resources.size() < limit) {
+            resources.add(resource.get());
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void release(T resource) {
+        resources.remove(resource);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/ResourceQueue.java

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http;
+
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.function.IntSupplier;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+/**
+ * A {@link ResourceGroup} which will queue items when the group at capacity.
+ *
+ * @param <T> The type of the resource this queue manages.
+ */
+public class ResourceQueue<T extends Resource<T>> extends ResourceGroup<T> {
+    private final ArrayDeque<Supplier<T>> pending = new ArrayDeque<>();
+
+    public ResourceQueue(IntSupplier limit) {
+        super(limit);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void shutdown() {
+        super.shutdown();
+        pending.clear();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized boolean queue(Supplier<T> resource) {
+        if (!active) return false;
+        if (super.queue(resource)) return true;
+        if (pending.size() > DEFAULT_LIMIT) return false;
+
+        pending.add(resource);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void release(T resource) {
+        super.release(resource);
+
+        if (!active) return;
+
+        var limit = this.limit.getAsInt();
+        if (limit <= 0 || resources.size() < limit) {
+            var next = pending.poll();
+            if (next != null) resources.add(next.get());
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/options/Action.java

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.options;
+
+public enum Action {
+    ALLOW,
+    DENY;
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/options/Options.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.options;
+
+/**
+ * Options for a given HTTP request or websocket, which control its resource constraints.
+ *
+ * @param action           Whether to {@link Action#ALLOW} or {@link Action#DENY} this request.
+ * @param maxUpload        The maximum size of the HTTP request.
+ * @param maxDownload      The maximum size of the HTTP response.
+ * @param websocketMessage The maximum size of a websocket message (outgoing and incoming).
+ * @param useProxy         Whether to use the configured proxy.
+ */
+public record Options(Action action, long maxUpload, long maxDownload, int websocketMessage, boolean useProxy) {
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/request/HttpRequest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.request;
+
+import dan200.computer.core.IAPIEnvironment;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.HTTPRequestException;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.NetworkUtils;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.Resource;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.ResourceGroup;
+import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
+import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
+import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.*;
+import io.netty.handler.timeout.ReadTimeoutHandler;
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+
+import static cc.tweaked.CCTweaked.LOG;
+
+/**
+ * Represents an in-progress HTTP request.
+ */
+public class HttpRequest extends Resource<HttpRequest> {
+    private static final String SUCCESS_EVENT = "http_success";
+    private static final String FAILURE_EVENT = "http_failure";
+
+    private static final int MAX_REDIRECTS = 16;
+
+    private @Nullable Future<?> executorFuture;
+    private @Nullable ChannelFuture connectFuture;
+    private @Nullable HttpRequestHandler currentRequest;
+
+    private final IAPIEnvironment environment;
+
+    private final String address;
+    private final ByteBuf postBuffer;
+    private final HttpHeaders headers;
+    private final boolean binary;
+    private final int timeout;
+
+    final AtomicInteger redirects;
+
+    public HttpRequest(
+        ResourceGroup<HttpRequest> limiter, IAPIEnvironment environment, String address, @Nullable ByteBuffer postBody,
+        HttpHeaders headers, boolean binary, boolean followRedirects, int timeout
+    ) {
+        super(limiter);
+        this.environment = environment;
+        this.address = address;
+        postBuffer = postBody != null
+            ? Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(postBody)
+            : Unpooled.buffer(0);
+        this.headers = headers;
+        this.binary = binary;
+        redirects = new AtomicInteger(followRedirects ? MAX_REDIRECTS : 0);
+        this.timeout = timeout;
+
+        if (postBody != null) {
+            if (!headers.contains(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE)) {
+                headers.set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8");
+            }
+
+            if (!headers.contains(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH)) {
+                headers.set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH, postBuffer.readableBytes());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public IAPIEnvironment environment() {
+        return environment;
+    }
+
+    public static URI checkUri(String address) throws HTTPRequestException {
+        URI url;
+        try {
+            url = new URI(address);
+        } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+            throw new HTTPRequestException("URL malformed");
+        }
+
+        checkUri(url);
+        return url;
+    }
+
+    public static void checkUri(URI url) throws HTTPRequestException {
+        // Validate the URL
+        if (url.getScheme() == null) throw new HTTPRequestException("Must specify http or https");
+        if (url.getHost() == null) throw new HTTPRequestException("URL malformed");
+
+        var scheme = url.getScheme().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+        if (!scheme.equalsIgnoreCase("http") && !scheme.equalsIgnoreCase("https")) {
+            throw new HTTPRequestException("Invalid protocol '" + scheme + "'");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void request(URI uri, HttpMethod method) {
+        if (isClosed()) return;
+        executorFuture = NetworkUtils.EXECUTOR.submit(() -> doRequest(uri, method));
+        checkClosed();
+    }
+
+    private void doRequest(URI uri, HttpMethod method) {
+        // If we're cancelled, abort.
+        if (isClosed()) return;
+
+        try {
+            var ssl = uri.getScheme().equalsIgnoreCase("https");
+            var socketAddress = NetworkUtils.getAddress(uri, ssl);
+            var options = NetworkUtils.getOptions(uri.getHost(), socketAddress);
+            var sslContext = ssl ? NetworkUtils.getSslContext() : null;
+
+            // getAddress may have a slight delay, so let's perform another cancellation check.
+            if (isClosed()) return;
+
+            var requestBody = getHeaderSize(headers) + postBuffer.capacity();
+            if (options.maxUpload() != 0 && requestBody > options.maxUpload()) {
+                failure("Request body is too large");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var handler = currentRequest = new HttpRequestHandler(this, uri, method, options);
+            connectFuture = new Bootstrap()
+                .group(NetworkUtils.LOOP_GROUP)
+                .channelFactory(NioSocketChannel::new)
+                .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
+                    @Override
+                    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) {
+                        NetworkUtils.initChannel(ch, uri, socketAddress, sslContext, null, timeout);
+
+                        var p = ch.pipeline();
+                        if (timeout > 0) p.addLast(new ReadTimeoutHandler(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+
+                        p.addLast(
+                            new HttpClientCodec(),
+                            new HttpContentDecompressor(),
+                            handler
+                        );
+                    }
+                })
+                .remoteAddress(socketAddress)
+                .connect()
+                .addListener(c -> {
+                    if (!c.isSuccess()) failure(NetworkUtils.toFriendlyError(c.cause()));
+                });
+
+            // Do an additional check for cancellation
+            checkClosed();
+        } catch (HTTPRequestException e) {
+            failure(NetworkUtils.toFriendlyError(e));
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            failure(NetworkUtils.toFriendlyError(e));
+            LOG.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error in HTTP request", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void failure(String message) {
+        if (tryClose()) environment.queueEvent(FAILURE_EVENT, new Object[]{ address, message });
+    }
+
+    void failure(String message, HttpResponseHandle object) {
+        if (tryClose()) environment.queueEvent(FAILURE_EVENT, new Object[]{ address, message, object });
+    }
+
+    void success(HttpResponseHandle object) {
+        if (tryClose()) environment.queueEvent(SUCCESS_EVENT, new Object[]{ address, object });
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void dispose() {
+        super.dispose();
+
+        executorFuture = closeFuture(executorFuture);
+        connectFuture = closeChannel(connectFuture);
+        currentRequest = closeCloseable(currentRequest);
+    }
+
+    public static long getHeaderSize(HttpHeaders headers) {
+        long size = 0;
+        for (var header : headers) {
+            size += header.getKey() == null ? 0 : header.getKey().length();
+            size += header.getValue() == null ? 0 : header.getValue().length() + 1;
+        }
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    public ByteBuf body() {
+        return postBuffer;
+    }
+
+    public HttpHeaders headers() {
+        return headers;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isBinary() {
+        return binary;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/request/HttpRequestHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.request;
+
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.HTTPRequestException;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.NetworkUtils;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.options.Options;
+import io.netty.buffer.CompositeByteBuf;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
+import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.*;
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public final class HttpRequestHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<HttpObject> implements Closeable {
+    /**
+     * Same as {@link io.netty.handler.codec.MessageAggregator}.
+     */
+    private static final int DEFAULT_MAX_COMPOSITE_BUFFER_COMPONENTS = 1024;
+
+    private static final byte[] EMPTY_BYTES = new byte[0];
+
+    private final HttpRequest request;
+    private boolean closed = false;
+
+    private final URI uri;
+    private final HttpMethod method;
+    private final Options options;
+
+    private @Nullable Charset responseCharset;
+    private final HttpHeaders responseHeaders = new DefaultHttpHeaders();
+    private @Nullable HttpResponseStatus responseStatus;
+    private @Nullable CompositeByteBuf responseBody;
+
+    HttpRequestHandler(HttpRequest request, URI uri, HttpMethod method, Options options) {
+        this.request = request;
+
+        this.uri = uri;
+        this.method = method;
+        this.options = options;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
+        if (request.checkClosed()) return;
+
+        var body = request.body();
+        body.resetReaderIndex().retain();
+
+        var requestUri = uri.getRawPath();
+        if (uri.getRawQuery() != null) requestUri += "?" + uri.getRawQuery();
+
+        FullHttpRequest request = new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.GET, requestUri, body);
+        request.setMethod(method);
+        request.headers().set(this.request.headers());
+
+        // We force some headers to be always applied
+        if (!request.headers().contains(HttpHeaderNames.ACCEPT_CHARSET)) {
+            request.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.ACCEPT_CHARSET, "UTF-8");
+        }
+        request.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.HOST, uri.getPort() < 0 ? uri.getHost() : uri.getHost() + ":" + uri.getPort());
+        request.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONNECTION, HttpHeaderValues.CLOSE);
+
+        ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(request);
+
+        super.channelActive(ctx);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
+        if (!closed) request.failure("Could not connect");
+        super.channelInactive(ctx);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, HttpObject message) {
+        if (closed || request.checkClosed()) return;
+
+        if (message instanceof HttpResponse response) {
+
+            if (request.redirects.get() > 0) {
+                var redirect = getRedirect(response.status(), response.headers());
+                if (redirect != null && !uri.equals(redirect) && request.redirects.getAndDecrement() > 0) {
+                    // If we have a redirect, and don't end up at the same place, then follow it.
+
+                    // We mark ourselves as disposed first though, to avoid firing events when the channel
+                    // becomes inactive or disposed.
+                    closed = true;
+                    ctx.close();
+
+                    try {
+                        HttpRequest.checkUri(redirect);
+                    } catch (HTTPRequestException e) {
+                        // If we cannot visit this uri, then fail.
+                        request.failure(NetworkUtils.toFriendlyError(e));
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    request.request(redirect, response.status().code() == 303 ? HttpMethod.GET : method);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            responseCharset = HttpUtil.getCharset(response, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+            responseStatus = response.status();
+            responseHeaders.add(response.headers());
+        }
+
+        if (message instanceof HttpContent content) {
+
+            if (responseBody == null) {
+                responseBody = ctx.alloc().compositeBuffer(DEFAULT_MAX_COMPOSITE_BUFFER_COMPONENTS);
+            }
+
+            var partial = content.content();
+            if (partial.isReadable()) {
+                // If we've read more than we're allowed to handle, abort as soon as possible.
+                if (options.maxDownload() != 0 && responseBody.readableBytes() + partial.readableBytes() > options.maxDownload()) {
+                    closed = true;
+                    ctx.close();
+
+                    request.failure("Response is too large");
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                responseBody.addComponent(true, partial.retain());
+            }
+
+            if (message instanceof LastHttpContent last) {
+                responseHeaders.add(last.trailingHeaders());
+
+                // Set the content length, if not already given.
+                if (responseHeaders.contains(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH)) {
+                    responseHeaders.set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH, responseBody.readableBytes());
+                }
+
+                ctx.close();
+                sendResponse();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
+        ctx.close();
+        request.failure(NetworkUtils.toFriendlyError(cause));
+    }
+
+    private void sendResponse() {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(responseStatus, "Status has not been set");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(responseCharset, "Charset has not been set");
+
+        // Read the ByteBuf into a channel.
+        var body = responseBody;
+        var bytes = body == null ? EMPTY_BYTES : NetworkUtils.toBytes(body);
+
+        // Decode the headers
+        var status = responseStatus;
+        Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<>();
+        for (var header : responseHeaders) {
+            var existing = headers.get(header.getKey());
+            headers.put(header.getKey(), existing == null ? header.getValue() : existing + "," + header.getValue());
+        }
+
+        // Prepare to queue an event
+        var stream = new HttpResponseHandle(bytes, request.isBinary(), status.code(), status.reasonPhrase(), headers);
+
+        if (status.code() >= 200 && status.code() < 400) {
+            request.success(stream);
+        } else {
+            request.failure(status.reasonPhrase(), stream);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determine the redirect from this response.
+     *
+     * @param status  The status of the HTTP response.
+     * @param headers The headers of the HTTP response.
+     * @return The URI to redirect to, or {@code null} if no redirect should occur.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    private URI getRedirect(HttpResponseStatus status, HttpHeaders headers) {
+        var code = status.code();
+        if (code < 300 || code > 307 || code == 304 || code == 306) return null;
+
+        var location = headers.get(HttpHeaderNames.LOCATION);
+        if (location == null) return null;
+
+        try {
+            return uri.resolve(new URI(location));
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException | URISyntaxException e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() {
+        closed = true;
+        if (responseBody != null) {
+            responseBody.release();
+            responseBody = null;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/request/HttpResponseHandle.java

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.request;
+
+import dan200.computercraft.api.lua.IArguments;
+import dan200.computercraft.api.lua.LuaFunction;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.HTTPAPI;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.handles.ArrayByteChannel;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.handles.ReadHandle;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * A http response. This provides the same methods as a {@link ReadHandle file}, though provides several request
+ * specific methods.
+ *
+ * @cc.module http.Response
+ * @see HTTPAPI#request(IArguments)  On how to make a http request.
+ */
+public class HttpResponseHandle extends ReadHandle {
+    private final int responseCode;
+    private final String responseStatus;
+    private final Map<String, String> responseHeaders;
+
+    public HttpResponseHandle(byte[] buffer, boolean isBinary, int responseCode, String responseStatus, Map<String, String> responseHeaders) {
+        super(new ArrayByteChannel(buffer), isBinary);
+        this.responseCode = responseCode;
+        this.responseStatus = responseStatus;
+        this.responseHeaders = responseHeaders;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the response code and response message returned by the server.
+     *
+     * @return The response code and message.
+     * @cc.treturn number The response code (i.e. 200)
+     * @cc.treturn string The response message (i.e. "OK")
+     * @cc.changed 1.80pr1.13 Added response message return value.
+     */
+    @LuaFunction
+    public final Object[] getResponseCode() {
+        return new Object[]{responseCode, responseStatus};
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a table containing the response's headers, in a format similar to that required by {@link HTTPAPI#request}.
+     * If multiple headers are sent with the same name, they will be combined with a comma.
+     *
+     * @return The response's headers.
+     * @cc.usage Make a request to [example.tweaked.cc](https://example.tweaked.cc), and print the
+     * returned headers.
+     * <pre>{@code
+     * local request = http.get("https://example.tweaked.cc")
+     * print(textutils.serialize(request.getResponseHeaders()))
+     * -- => {
+     * --  [ "Content-Type" ] = "text/plain; charset=utf8",
+     * --  [ "content-length" ] = 17,
+     * --  ...
+     * -- }
+     * request.close()
+     * }</pre>
+     */
+    @LuaFunction
+    public final Map<String, String> getResponseHeaders() {
+        return responseHeaders;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/websocket/NoOriginWebSocketHandshaker.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.websocket;
+
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.FullHttpRequest;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaderNames;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketClientHandshaker13;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketVersion;
+
+import java.net.URI;
+
+/**
+ * A version of {@link WebSocketClientHandshaker13} which doesn't add the {@link HttpHeaderNames#ORIGIN} header to the
+ * original HTTP request.
+ */
+class NoOriginWebSocketHandshaker extends WebSocketClientHandshaker13 {
+    NoOriginWebSocketHandshaker(URI webSocketURL, WebSocketVersion version, String subprotocol, boolean allowExtensions, HttpHeaders customHeaders, int maxFramePayloadLength) {
+        super(webSocketURL, version, subprotocol, allowExtensions, customHeaders, maxFramePayloadLength);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected FullHttpRequest newHandshakeRequest() {
+        var request = super.newHandshakeRequest();
+        var headers = request.headers();
+        if (!customHeaders.contains(HttpHeaderNames.ORIGIN)) headers.remove(HttpHeaderNames.ORIGIN);
+        return request;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/websocket/Websocket.java

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.websocket;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Strings;
+import dan200.computer.core.IAPIEnvironment;
+import dan200.computercraft.api.lua.LuaException;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.*;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.options.Options;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.util.AtomicHelpers;
+import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
+import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
+import io.netty.channel.Channel;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
+import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
+import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpClientCodec;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaderNames;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.*;
+import io.netty.util.concurrent.GenericFutureListener;
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+
+import static cc.tweaked.CCTweaked.LOG;
+
+/**
+ * Provides functionality to verify and connect to a remote websocket.
+ */
+public class Websocket extends Resource<Websocket> implements WebsocketClient {
+    /**
+     * We declare the maximum size to be 2^30 bytes. While messages can be much longer, we set an arbitrary limit as
+     * working with larger messages (especially within a Lua VM) is absurd.
+     */
+    public static final int MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE = 1 << 30;
+
+    private @Nullable Future<?> executorFuture;
+    private @Nullable ChannelFuture channelFuture;
+
+    private final IAPIEnvironment environment;
+    private final URI uri;
+    private final String address;
+    private final HttpHeaders headers;
+    private final int timeout;
+
+    private final AtomicInteger inFlight = new AtomicInteger(0);
+    private final GenericFutureListener<? extends io.netty.util.concurrent.Future<? super Void>> onSend = f -> inFlight.decrementAndGet();
+
+    public Websocket(ResourceGroup<Websocket> limiter, IAPIEnvironment environment, URI uri, String address, HttpHeaders headers, int timeout) {
+        super(limiter);
+        this.environment = environment;
+        this.uri = uri;
+        this.address = address;
+        this.headers = headers;
+        this.timeout = timeout;
+    }
+
+    public void connect() {
+        if (isClosed()) return;
+        executorFuture = NetworkUtils.EXECUTOR.submit(this::doConnect);
+        checkClosed();
+    }
+
+    private void doConnect() {
+        // If we're cancelled, abort.
+        if (isClosed()) return;
+
+        try {
+            var ssl = uri.getScheme().equalsIgnoreCase("wss");
+            var socketAddress = NetworkUtils.getAddress(uri, ssl);
+            var options = NetworkUtils.getOptions(uri.getHost(), socketAddress);
+            var sslContext = ssl ? NetworkUtils.getSslContext() : null;
+
+            // getAddress may have a slight delay, so let's perform another cancellation check.
+            if (isClosed()) return;
+
+            channelFuture = new Bootstrap()
+                .group(NetworkUtils.LOOP_GROUP)
+                .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
+                .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
+                    @Override
+                    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) {
+                        NetworkUtils.initChannel(ch, uri, socketAddress, sslContext, null, timeout);
+
+                        var subprotocol = headers.get(HttpHeaderNames.SEC_WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL);
+                        var handshaker = new NoOriginWebSocketHandshaker(
+                            uri, WebSocketVersion.V13, subprotocol, true, headers,
+                            options.websocketMessage() <= 0 ? MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE : options.websocketMessage()
+                        );
+
+                        var p = ch.pipeline();
+                        p.addLast(
+                            new HttpClientCodec(),
+                            new HttpObjectAggregator(8192),
+                            WebsocketCompressionHandler.INSTANCE,
+                            new WebSocketClientProtocolHandler(handshaker, false, timeout),
+                            new WebsocketHandler(Websocket.this, options)
+                        );
+                    }
+                })
+                .remoteAddress(socketAddress)
+                .connect()
+                .addListener(c -> {
+                    if (!c.isSuccess()) failure(NetworkUtils.toFriendlyError(c.cause()));
+                });
+
+            // Do an additional check for cancellation
+            checkClosed();
+        } catch (HTTPRequestException e) {
+            failure(NetworkUtils.toFriendlyError(e));
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            failure(NetworkUtils.toFriendlyError(e));
+            LOG.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error in websocket", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void success(Options options) {
+        if (isClosed()) return;
+
+        var handle = new WebsocketHandle(environment, address, this, options);
+        environment().queueEvent(SUCCESS_EVENT, new Object[]{ address, handle });
+        createOwnerReference(handle);
+
+        checkClosed();
+    }
+
+    void failure(String message) {
+        if (tryClose()) environment.queueEvent(FAILURE_EVENT, new Object[]{ address, message });
+    }
+
+    void close(int status, String reason) {
+        if (tryClose()) {
+            environment.queueEvent(CLOSE_EVENT, new Object[]{ address,
+                Strings.isNullOrEmpty(reason) ? null : reason,
+                status < 0 ? null : status });
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void dispose() {
+        super.dispose();
+
+        executorFuture = closeFuture(executorFuture);
+        channelFuture = closeChannel(channelFuture);
+    }
+
+    IAPIEnvironment environment() {
+        return environment;
+    }
+
+    String address() {
+        return address;
+    }
+
+    private @Nullable Channel channel() {
+        var channel = channelFuture;
+        return channel == null ? null : channel.channel();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void sendText(String message) throws LuaException {
+        sendMessage(new TextWebSocketFrame(message), message.length());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void sendBinary(ByteBuffer message) throws LuaException {
+        long size = message.remaining();
+        sendMessage(new BinaryWebSocketFrame(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(message)), size);
+    }
+
+    private void sendMessage(WebSocketFrame frame, long size) throws LuaException {
+        var channel = channel();
+        if (channel == null) return;
+
+        // Grow the number of in-flight requests, aborting if we've hit the limit. This is then decremented when the
+        // promise finishes.
+        if (!AtomicHelpers.incrementToLimit(inFlight, ResourceQueue.DEFAULT_LIMIT)) {
+            throw new LuaException("Too many ongoing websocket messages");
+        }
+
+        channel.writeAndFlush(frame).addListener(onSend);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/websocket/WebsocketClient.java

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.websocket;
+
+import dan200.computercraft.api.lua.LuaException;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.HTTPRequestException;
+
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+/**
+ * A client-side websocket, which can be used to send messages to a remote server.
+ * <p>
+ * {@link WebsocketHandle} wraps this into a Lua-compatible interface.
+ */
+public interface WebsocketClient extends Closeable {
+    String SUCCESS_EVENT = "websocket_success";
+    String FAILURE_EVENT = "websocket_failure";
+    String CLOSE_EVENT = "websocket_closed";
+    String MESSAGE_EVENT = "websocket_message";
+
+    /**
+     * Determine whether this websocket is closed.
+     *
+     * @return Whether this websocket is closed.
+     */
+    boolean isClosed();
+
+    /**
+     * Close this websocket.
+     */
+    @Override
+    void close();
+
+    /**
+     * Send a text websocket frame.
+     *
+     * @param message The message to send.
+     * @throws LuaException If the message could not be sent.
+     */
+    void sendText(String message) throws LuaException;
+
+    /**
+     * Send a binary websocket frame.
+     *
+     * @param message The message to send.
+     * @throws LuaException If the message could not be sent.
+     */
+    void sendBinary(ByteBuffer message) throws LuaException;
+
+    class Support {
+        /**
+         * Parse an address, ensuring it is a valid websocket URI.
+         *
+         * @param address The address to parse.
+         * @return The parsed URI.
+         * @throws HTTPRequestException If the address is not valid.
+         */
+        public static URI parseUri(String address) throws HTTPRequestException {
+            URI uri = null;
+            try {
+                uri = new URI(address);
+            } catch (URISyntaxException ignored) {
+                // Fall through to the case below
+            }
+
+            if (uri == null || uri.getHost() == null) {
+                try {
+                    uri = new URI("ws://" + address);
+                } catch (URISyntaxException ignored) {
+                    // Fall through to the case below
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (uri == null || uri.getHost() == null) throw new HTTPRequestException("URL malformed");
+
+            var scheme = uri.getScheme();
+            if (scheme == null) {
+                try {
+                    uri = new URI("ws://" + uri);
+                } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+                    throw new HTTPRequestException("URL malformed");
+                }
+            } else if (!scheme.equalsIgnoreCase("wss") && !scheme.equalsIgnoreCase("ws")) {
+                throw new HTTPRequestException("Invalid scheme '" + scheme + "'");
+            }
+
+            return uri;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/websocket/WebsocketCompressionHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.websocket;
+
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.compression.ZlibCodecFactory;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.extensions.WebSocketClientExtensionHandler;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.extensions.compression.DeflateFrameClientExtensionHandshaker;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.extensions.compression.PerMessageDeflateClientExtensionHandshaker;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.extensions.compression.WebSocketClientCompressionHandler;
+
+import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.extensions.compression.PerMessageDeflateServerExtensionHandshaker.MAX_WINDOW_SIZE;
+
+/**
+ * An alternative to {@link WebSocketClientCompressionHandler} which supports the {@code client_no_context_takeover}
+ * extension. Makes CC <em>slightly</em> more flexible.
+ */
+@ChannelHandler.Sharable
+final class WebsocketCompressionHandler extends WebSocketClientExtensionHandler {
+    public static final WebsocketCompressionHandler INSTANCE = new WebsocketCompressionHandler();
+
+    private WebsocketCompressionHandler() {
+        super(
+            new PerMessageDeflateClientExtensionHandshaker(
+                6, ZlibCodecFactory.isSupportingWindowSizeAndMemLevel(), MAX_WINDOW_SIZE,
+                true, false
+            ),
+            new DeflateFrameClientExtensionHandshaker(false),
+            new DeflateFrameClientExtensionHandshaker(true)
+        );
+
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/websocket/WebsocketHandle.java

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.websocket;
+
+import dan200.computer.core.IAPIEnvironment;
+import dan200.computercraft.api.lua.Coerced;
+import dan200.computercraft.api.lua.LuaException;
+import dan200.computercraft.api.lua.LuaFunction;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.options.Options;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.CharacterCodingException;
+import java.nio.charset.CharsetDecoder;
+import java.nio.charset.CodingErrorAction;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+/**
+ * A websocket, which can be used to send and receive messages with a web server.
+ *
+ * @cc.module http.Websocket
+ * @see dan200.computercraft.core.apis.HTTPAPI#websocket On how to open a websocket.
+ */
+public class WebsocketHandle {
+    private static final ThreadLocal<CharsetDecoder> DECODER = ThreadLocal.withInitial(() -> StandardCharsets.UTF_8.newDecoder().onMalformedInput(CodingErrorAction.REPLACE));
+
+    private final IAPIEnvironment environment;
+    private final String address;
+    private final WebsocketClient websocket;
+    private final Options options;
+
+    public WebsocketHandle(IAPIEnvironment environment, String address, WebsocketClient websocket, Options options) {
+        this.environment = environment;
+        this.address = address;
+        this.websocket = websocket;
+        this.options = options;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Can we implement receive()?
+
+    /**
+     * Send a websocket message to the connected server.
+     *
+     * @param message The message to send.
+     * @param binary  Whether this message should be treated as a binary message.
+     * @throws LuaException If the message is too large.
+     * @throws LuaException If the websocket has been closed.
+     * @cc.changed 1.81.0 Added argument for binary mode.
+     */
+    @LuaFunction
+    public final void send(Coerced<ByteBuffer> message, Optional<Boolean> binary) throws LuaException {
+        checkOpen();
+
+        var text = message.value();
+        if (options.websocketMessage() != 0 && text.remaining() > options.websocketMessage()) {
+            throw new LuaException("Message is too large");
+        }
+
+        if (binary.orElse(false)) {
+            websocket.sendBinary(text);
+        } else {
+            try {
+                websocket.sendText(DECODER.get().decode(text).toString());
+            } catch (CharacterCodingException e) {
+                // This shouldn't happen, but worth mentioning.
+                throw new LuaException("Message is not valid UTF8");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Close this websocket. This will terminate the connection, meaning messages can no longer be sent or received
+     * along it.
+     */
+    @LuaFunction
+    public final void close() {
+        websocket.close();
+    }
+
+    private void checkOpen() throws LuaException {
+        if (websocket.isClosed()) throw new LuaException("attempt to use a closed file");
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/websocket/WebsocketHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.websocket;
+
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.NetworkUtils;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.options.Options;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
+import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.FullHttpResponse;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.*;
+import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
+
+import static dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.websocket.WebsocketClient.MESSAGE_EVENT;
+
+class WebsocketHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<Object> {
+    private final Websocket websocket;
+    private final Options options;
+    private boolean handshakeComplete = false;
+
+    WebsocketHandler(Websocket websocket, Options options) {
+        this.websocket = websocket;
+        this.options = options;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
+        fail("Connection closed");
+        super.channelInactive(ctx);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) {
+        if (evt == WebSocketClientProtocolHandler.ClientHandshakeStateEvent.HANDSHAKE_COMPLETE) {
+            websocket.success(options);
+            handshakeComplete = true;
+        } else if (evt == WebSocketClientProtocolHandler.ClientHandshakeStateEvent.HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT) {
+            websocket.failure("Timed out");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
+        if (websocket.isClosed()) return;
+
+        if (msg instanceof FullHttpResponse response) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected FullHttpResponse (getStatus=" + response.status() + ", content=" + response.content().toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8) + ')');
+        }
+
+        var frame = (WebSocketFrame) msg;
+        if (frame instanceof TextWebSocketFrame textFrame) {
+            var data = NetworkUtils.toBytes(textFrame.content());
+
+            websocket.environment().queueEvent(MESSAGE_EVENT, new Object[]{ websocket.address(), data, false });
+        } else if (frame instanceof BinaryWebSocketFrame) {
+            var data = NetworkUtils.toBytes(frame.content());
+
+            websocket.environment().queueEvent(MESSAGE_EVENT, new Object[]{ websocket.address(), data, true });
+        } else if (frame instanceof CloseWebSocketFrame closeFrame) {
+            websocket.close(closeFrame.statusCode(), closeFrame.reasonText());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
+        ctx.close();
+
+        fail(NetworkUtils.toFriendlyError(cause));
+    }
+
+    private void fail(String message) {
+        if (handshakeComplete) {
+            websocket.close(-1, message);
+        } else {
+            websocket.failure(message);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/asm/Generator.java

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import org.objectweb.asm.Type;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -272,6 +273,14 @@ public final class Generator<T> {
                 mw.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, INTERNAL_ARGUMENTS, "getStringCoerced", "(I)Ljava/lang/String;");
                 mw.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESPECIAL, INTERNAL_COERCED, "<init>", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)V");
                 return true;
+            } else if (klass == ByteBuffer.class) {
+                mw.visitTypeInsn(NEW, INTERNAL_COERCED);
+                mw.visitInsn(DUP);
+                mw.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 2 + context.size());
+                Reflect.loadInt(mw, argIndex);
+                mw.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, INTERNAL_ARGUMENTS, "getBytesCoerced", "(I)Ljava/nio/ByteBuffer;");
+                mw.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESPECIAL, INTERNAL_COERCED, "<init>", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)V");
+                return true;
             }
         }
 

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/lua/CobaltLuaMachine.java

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import dan200.computer.core.ILuaMachine;
 import dan200.computer.core.ILuaObject;
 import dan200.computercraft.api.lua.LuaException;
 import dan200.computercraft.core.asm.Methods;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.lua.errorinfo.ErrorInfoLib;
 import org.squiddev.cobalt.*;
 import org.squiddev.cobalt.compiler.LoadState;
 import org.squiddev.cobalt.function.LuaFunction;
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ public class CobaltLuaMachine implements ILuaMachine {
         try {
             CoreLibraries.debugGlobals(state);
             Bit32Lib.add(state, globals);
+            ErrorInfoLib.add(state);
 
             globals.rawset("_HOST", valueOf("ComputerCraft " + ComputerCraft.getVersion() + " (" + Loader.instance().getMCVersionString() + ")"));
             globals.rawset("_CC_DEFAULT_SETTINGS", valueOf(""));

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/lua/errorinfo/DebugHelpers.java

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2009-2011 Luaj.org, 2015-2020 SquidDev
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.lua.errorinfo;
+
+import org.squiddev.cobalt.Prototype;
+
+import static org.squiddev.cobalt.Lua.*;
+
+/**
+ * Extracted parts of Cobalt's {@link org.squiddev.cobalt.debug.DebugHelpers}.
+ */
+final class DebugHelpers {
+    private DebugHelpers() {
+    }
+
+    private static int filterPc(int pc, int jumpTarget) {
+        return pc < jumpTarget ? -1 : pc;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the PC where a register was last set.
+     * <p>
+     * This makes some assumptions about the structure of the bytecode, namely that there are no back edges within the
+     * CFG. As a result, this is only valid for temporary values, and not locals.
+     *
+     * @param pt     The function prototype.
+     * @param lastPc The PC to work back from.
+     * @param reg    The register.
+     * @return The last instruction where the register was set, or {@code -1} if not defined.
+     */
+    static int findSetReg(Prototype pt, int lastPc, int reg) {
+        var lastInsn = -1; // Last instruction that changed "reg";
+        var jumpTarget = 0; // Any code before this address is conditional
+
+        for (var pc = 0; pc < lastPc; pc++) {
+            var i = pt.code[pc];
+            var op = GET_OPCODE(i);
+            var a = GETARG_A(i);
+            switch (op) {
+                case OP_LOADNIL -> {
+                    var b = GETARG_B(i);
+                    if (a <= reg && reg <= a + b) lastInsn = filterPc(pc, jumpTarget);
+                }
+                case OP_TFORCALL -> {
+                    if (a >= a + 2) lastInsn = filterPc(pc, jumpTarget);
+                }
+                case OP_CALL, OP_TAILCALL -> {
+                    if (reg >= a) lastInsn = filterPc(pc, jumpTarget);
+                }
+                case OP_JMP -> {
+                    var dest = pc + 1 + GETARG_sBx(i);
+                    // If jump is forward and doesn't skip lastPc, update jump target
+                    if (pc < dest && dest <= lastPc && dest > jumpTarget) jumpTarget = dest;
+                }
+                default -> {
+                    if (testAMode(op) && reg == a) lastInsn = filterPc(pc, jumpTarget);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return lastInsn;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/lua/errorinfo/ErrorInfoLib.java

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.lua.errorinfo;
+
+import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
+import org.squiddev.cobalt.*;
+import org.squiddev.cobalt.debug.DebugFrame;
+import org.squiddev.cobalt.function.LuaFunction;
+import org.squiddev.cobalt.function.RegisteredFunction;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import static org.squiddev.cobalt.Lua.*;
+import static org.squiddev.cobalt.debug.DebugFrame.FLAG_ANY_HOOK;
+
+/**
+ * Provides additional info about an error.
+ * <p>
+ * This is currently an internal and deeply unstable module. It's not clear if doing this via bytecode (rather than an
+ * AST) is the correct approach and/or, what the correct design is.
+ */
+public class ErrorInfoLib {
+    private static final int MAX_DEPTH = 8;
+
+    private static final RegisteredFunction[] functions = new RegisteredFunction[]{
+        RegisteredFunction.ofV("info_for_nil", ErrorInfoLib::getInfoForNil),
+    };
+
+    public static void add(LuaState state) throws LuaError {
+        state.registry().getSubTable(Constants.LOADED).rawset("cc.internal.error_info", RegisteredFunction.bind(functions));
+    }
+
+    private static Varargs getInfoForNil(LuaState state, Varargs args) throws LuaError {
+        var thread = args.arg(1).checkThread();
+        var level = args.arg(2).checkInteger();
+
+        var context = getInfoForNil(state, thread, level);
+        return context == null ? Constants.NIL : ValueFactory.varargsOf(
+            ValueFactory.valueOf(context.op()), ValueFactory.valueOf(context.source().isGlobal()),
+            context.source().table(), context.source().key()
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get some additional information about an {@code attempt to $OP (a nil value)} error. This often occurs as a
+     * result of a misspelled local, global or table index, and so we attempt to detect those cases.
+     *
+     * @param state  The current Lua state.
+     * @param thread The thread which has errored.
+     * @param level  The level where the error occurred. We currently expect this to always be 0.
+     * @return Some additional information about the error, where available.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static @Nullable NilInfo getInfoForNil(LuaState state, LuaThread thread, int level) {
+        var frame = thread.getDebugState().getFrame(level);
+        if (frame == null || frame.closure == null || (frame.flags & FLAG_ANY_HOOK) != 0) return null;
+
+        var prototype = frame.closure.getPrototype();
+        var pc = frame.pc;
+        var insn = prototype.code[pc];
+
+        // Find what operation we're doing that errored.
+        return switch (GET_OPCODE(insn)) {
+            case OP_CALL, OP_TAILCALL ->
+                NilInfo.of("call", resolveValueSource(state, frame, prototype, pc, GETARG_A(insn), 0));
+            case OP_GETTABLE, OP_SETTABLE, OP_SELF ->
+                NilInfo.of("index", resolveValueSource(state, frame, prototype, pc, GETARG_A(insn), 0));
+            default -> null;
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Information about an {@code attempt to $OP (a nil value)} error.
+     *
+     * @param op     The operation we tried to perform.
+     * @param source The expression that resulted in a nil value.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    record NilInfo(String op, ValueSource source) {
+        public static @Nullable NilInfo of(String op, @Nullable ValueSource values) {
+            return values == null ? null : new NilInfo(op, values);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A partially-reconstructed Lua expression. This currently only is used for table indexing ({@code table[key]}.
+     *
+     * @param isGlobal Whether this is a global table access. This is a best-effort guess, and does not distinguish between
+     *                 {@code foo} and {@code _ENV.foo}.
+     * @param table    The table being indexed.
+     * @param key      The key we tried to index.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    record ValueSource(boolean isGlobal, LuaValue table, LuaString key) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempt to partially reconstruct a Lua expression from the current debug state.
+     *
+     * @param state     The current Lua state.
+     * @param frame     The current debug frame.
+     * @param prototype The current function.
+     * @param pc        The current program counter.
+     * @param register  The register where this value was stored.
+     * @param depth     The current depth. Starts at 0, and aborts once reaching {@link #MAX_DEPTH}.
+     * @return The reconstructed expression, or {@code null} if not available.
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("NullTernary")
+    private static @Nullable ValueSource resolveValueSource(LuaState state, DebugFrame frame, Prototype prototype, int pc, int register, int depth) {
+        if (depth > MAX_DEPTH) return null;
+        if (prototype.getLocalName(register + 1, pc) != null) return null;
+
+        // Find where this register was set. If unknown, then abort.
+        pc = DebugHelpers.findSetReg(prototype, pc, register);
+        if (pc == -1) return null;
+
+        var insn = prototype.code[pc];
+        return switch (GET_OPCODE(insn)) {
+            case OP_MOVE -> {
+                var a = GETARG_A(insn);
+                var b = GETARG_B(insn); // move from `b' to `a'
+                yield b < a ? resolveValueSource(state, frame, prototype, pc, register, depth + 1) : null; // Resolve 'b' .
+            }
+            case OP_GETTABUP, OP_GETTABLE, OP_SELF -> {
+                var tableIndex = GETARG_B(insn);
+                var keyIndex = GETARG_C(insn);
+                // We're only interested in expressions of the form "foo.bar". Showing a "did you mean" hint for
+                // "foo[i]" isn't very useful!
+                if (!ISK(keyIndex)) yield null;
+
+                var key = prototype.constants[INDEXK(keyIndex)];
+                if (key.type() != Constants.TSTRING) yield null;
+
+                var table = GET_OPCODE(insn) == OP_GETTABUP
+                    ? frame.closure.getUpvalue(tableIndex).getValue()
+                    : evaluate(state, frame, prototype, pc, tableIndex, depth);
+                if (table == null) yield null;
+
+                var isGlobal = GET_OPCODE(insn) == OP_GETTABUP && Objects.equals(prototype.getUpvalueName(tableIndex), Constants.ENV);
+                yield new ValueSource(isGlobal, table, (LuaString) key);
+            }
+            default -> null;
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempt to reconstruct the value of a register.
+     *
+     * @param state     The current Lua state.
+     * @param frame     The current debug frame.
+     * @param prototype The current function
+     * @param pc        The PC to evaluate at.
+     * @param register  The register to evaluate.
+     * @param depth     The current depth. Starts at 0, and aborts once reaching {@link #MAX_DEPTH}.
+     * @return The reconstructed value, or {@code null} if unavailable.
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("NullTernary")
+    private static @Nullable LuaValue evaluate(LuaState state, DebugFrame frame, Prototype prototype, int pc, int register, int depth) {
+        if (depth >= MAX_DEPTH) return null;
+
+        // If this is a local, then return its contents.
+        if (prototype.getLocalName(register + 1, pc) != null) return frame.stack[register];
+
+        // Otherwise find where this register was set. If unknown, then abort.
+        pc = DebugHelpers.findSetReg(prototype, pc, register);
+        if (pc == -1) return null;
+
+        var insn = prototype.code[pc];
+        var opcode = GET_OPCODE(insn);
+        return switch (opcode) {
+            case OP_MOVE -> {
+                var a = GETARG_A(insn);
+                var b = GETARG_B(insn); // move from `b' to `a'
+                yield b < a ? evaluate(state, frame, prototype, pc, register, depth + 1) : null; // Resolve 'b'.
+            }
+            // Load constants
+            case OP_LOADK -> prototype.constants[GETARG_Bx(insn)];
+            case OP_LOADKX -> prototype.constants[GETARG_Ax(prototype.code[pc + 1])];
+            case OP_LOADBOOL -> GETARG_B(insn) == 0 ? Constants.FALSE : Constants.TRUE;
+            case OP_LOADNIL -> Constants.NIL;
+            // Upvalues and tables.
+            case OP_GETUPVAL -> frame.closure.getUpvalue(GETARG_B(insn)).getValue();
+            case OP_GETTABLE, OP_GETTABUP -> {
+                var table = opcode == OP_GETTABUP
+                    ? frame.closure.getUpvalue(GETARG_B(insn)).getValue()
+                    : evaluate(state, frame, prototype, pc, GETARG_B(insn), depth + 1);
+                if (table == null) yield null;
+
+                var key = evaluateK(state, frame, prototype, pc, GETARG_C(insn), depth + 1);
+                yield key == null ? null : safeIndex(state, table, key);
+            }
+            default -> null;
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static @Nullable LuaValue evaluateK(LuaState state, DebugFrame frame, Prototype prototype, int pc, int registerOrConstant, int depth) {
+        return ISK(registerOrConstant) ? prototype.constants[INDEXK(registerOrConstant)] : evaluate(state, frame, prototype, pc, registerOrConstant, depth + 1);
+    }
+
+    private static @Nullable LuaValue safeIndex(LuaState state, LuaValue table, LuaValue key) {
+        var loop = 0;
+        do {
+            LuaValue metatable;
+            if (table instanceof LuaTable tbl) {
+                var res = tbl.rawget(key);
+                if (!res.isNil() || (metatable = tbl.metatag(state, CachedMetamethod.INDEX)).isNil()) return res;
+            } else if ((metatable = table.metatag(state, CachedMetamethod.INDEX)).isNil()) {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            if (metatable instanceof LuaFunction) return null;
+
+            table = metatable;
+        }
+        while (++loop < Constants.MAXTAGLOOP);
+
+        return null;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/util/ArgumentHelpers.java

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.util;
+
+import dan200.computercraft.api.lua.LuaException;
+
+/**
+ * A few helpers for working with arguments.
+ * <p>
+ * This should really be moved into the public API. However, until I have settled on a suitable format, we'll keep it
+ * where it is used.
+ */
+public class ArgumentHelpers {
+    public static void assertBetween(double value, double min, double max, String message) throws LuaException {
+        if (value < min || value > max || Double.isNaN(value)) {
+            throw new LuaException(String.format(message, "between " + min + " and " + max));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void assertBetween(int value, int min, int max, String message) throws LuaException {
+        if (value < min || value > max) {
+            throw new LuaException(String.format(message, "between " + min + " and " + max));
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/util/AtomicHelpers.java

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.util;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+public final class AtomicHelpers {
+    private AtomicHelpers() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A version of {@link AtomicInteger#getAndIncrement()}, which increments until a limit is reached.
+     *
+     * @param atomic The atomic to increment.
+     * @param limit  The maximum value of {@code value}.
+     * @return Whether the value was sucessfully incremented.
+     */
+    public static boolean incrementToLimit(AtomicInteger atomic, int limit) {
+        int value;
+        do {
+            value = atomic.get();
+            if (value >= limit) return false;
+        } while (!atomic.compareAndSet(value, value + 1));
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/util/ThreadUtils.java

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2018 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.util;
+
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+
+import static cc.tweaked.CCTweaked.LOG;
+
+/**
+ * Provides some utilities to create thread groups.
+ */
+public final class ThreadUtils {
+    private static final ThreadGroup baseGroup = new ThreadGroup("ComputerCraft");
+
+    /**
+     * A lower thread priority (though not the minimum), used for most of ComputerCraft's threads.
+     * <p>
+     * The Minecraft thread typically runs on a higher priority thread anyway, but this ensures we don't dominate other,
+     * more critical work.
+     *
+     * @see Thread#setPriority(int)
+     */
+    public static final int LOWER_PRIORITY = (Thread.MIN_PRIORITY + Thread.NORM_PRIORITY) / 2;
+
+    private ThreadUtils() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the base thread group, that all off-thread ComputerCraft activities are run on.
+     *
+     * @return The ComputerCraft group.
+     */
+    public static ThreadGroup group() {
+        return baseGroup;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new {@link ThreadFactoryBuilder}, which constructs threads under a group of the given {@code name}.
+     * <p>
+     * Each thread will be of the format {@code ComputerCraft-<name>-<number>}, and belong to a group
+     * called {@code ComputerCraft-<name>} (which in turn will be a child group of the main {@code ComputerCraft} group.
+     *
+     * @param name The name for the thread group and child threads.
+     * @return The constructed thread factory builder, which may be extended with other properties.
+     * @see #factory(String)
+     */
+    public static ThreadFactoryBuilder builder(String name) {
+        var group = new ThreadGroup(baseGroup, baseGroup.getName() + "-" + name);
+        return new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
+            .setDaemon(true)
+            .setNameFormat(group.getName().replace("%", "%%") + "-%d")
+            .setUncaughtExceptionHandler((t, e) -> LOG.log(Level.SEVERE, "Exception in thread " + t.getName(), e))
+            .setThreadFactory(x -> new Thread(group, x));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new {@link ThreadFactory}, which constructs threads under a group of the given {@code name}.
+     * <p>
+     * Each thread will be of the format {@code ComputerCraft-<name>-<number>}, and belong to a group
+     * called {@code ComputerCraft-<name>} (which in turn will be a child group of the main {@code ComputerCraft} group.
+     *
+     * @param name The name for the thread group and child threads.
+     * @return The constructed thread factory.
+     * @see #builder(String)
+     */
+    public static ThreadFactory factory(String name) {
+        return builder(name).build();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new {@link ThreadFactory}, which constructs threads under a group of the given {@code name}. This is the
+     * same as {@link #factory(String)}, but threads will be created with a {@linkplain #LOWER_PRIORITY lower priority}.
+     *
+     * @param name The name for the thread group and child threads.
+     * @return The constructed thread factory.
+     * @see #builder(String)
+     */
+    public static ThreadFactory lowPriorityFactory(String name) {
+        return builder(name).setPriority(LOWER_PRIORITY).build();
+    }
+}

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/apis/fs.lua

@@ -223,16 +223,21 @@ end
 --- Returns true if a path is mounted to the parent filesystem.
 --
 -- The root filesystem "/" is considered a mount, along with disk folders and
--- the rom folder. Other programs (such as network shares) can exstend this to
--- make other mount types by correctly assigning their return value for getDrive.
+-- the rom folder.
 --
 -- @tparam string path The path to check.
 -- @treturn boolean If the path is mounted, rather than a normal file/folder.
 -- @throws If the path does not exist.
 -- @see getDrive
 -- @since 1.87.0
-function fs.isDriveRoot(sPath)
-    expect(1, sPath, "string")
+function fs.isDriveRoot(path)
+    expect(1, path, "string")
+
+    local parent = fs.getDir(path)
+
     -- Force the root directory to be a mount.
-    return fs.getDir(sPath) == ".." or fs.getDrive(sPath) ~= fs.getDrive(fs.getDir(sPath))
+    if parent == ".." then return true end
+
+    local drive = fs.getDrive(path)
+    return drive ~= nil and drive ~= fs.getDrive(parent)
 end

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/apis/gps.lua

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ just the same. For example, you might build a GPS cluster according to [this
 tutorial][1], using z to account for height, or you might use y to account for
 height in the way that Minecraft's debug screen displays.
 
-[1]: http://www.computercraft.info/forums2/index.php?/topic/3088-how-to-guide-gps-global-position-system/
+[1]: https://ccf.squiddev.cc/forums2/index.php?/topic/3088-how-to-guide-gps-global-position-system/
 
 @module gps
 @since 1.31
@@ -196,6 +196,8 @@ function locate(_nTimeout, _bDebug)
         modem.close(CHANNEL_GPS)
     end
 
+    os.cancelTimer(timeout)
+
     -- Return the response
     if pos1 and pos2 then
         if _bDebug then

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/apis/http/http.lua

@@ -14,10 +14,41 @@ local expect = dofile("rom/modules/main/cc/expect.lua").expect
 local native = http
 local nativeHTTPRequest = http.request
 
-request = http.request
+local methods = {
+    GET = true, POST = true, HEAD = true,
+    OPTIONS = true, PUT = true, DELETE = true,
+    PATCH = true, TRACE = true,
+}
+
+local function check_key(options, key, ty, opt)
+    local value = options[key]
+    local valueTy = type(value)
+
+    if (value ~= nil or not opt) and valueTy ~= ty then
+        error(("bad field '%s' (%s expected, got %s"):format(key, ty, valueTy), 4)
+    end
+end
+
+local function check_request_options(options, body)
+    check_key(options, "url", "string")
+    if body == false then
+        check_key(options, "body", "nil")
+    else
+        check_key(options, "body", "string", not body)
+    end
+    check_key(options, "headers", "table", true)
+    check_key(options, "method", "string", true)
+    check_key(options, "redirect", "boolean", true)
+    check_key(options, "timeout", "number", true)
+
+    if options.method and not methods[options.method] then
+        error("Unsupported HTTP method", 3)
+    end
+end
 
 local function wrap_request(_url, ...)
-    nativeHTTPRequest(...)
+    local ok, err = nativeHTTPRequest(...)
+    if ok then
         while true do
             local event, param1, param2, param3 = os.pullEvent()
             if event == "http_success" and param1 == _url then
@@ -27,15 +58,38 @@ local function wrap_request(_url, ...)
             end
         end
     end
+    return nil, err
+end
 
 --[[- Make a HTTP GET request to the given url.
 
 @tparam string url   The url to request
+@tparam[opt] { [string] = string } headers Additional headers to send as part
+of this request.
+@tparam[opt=false] boolean binary Whether the [response handle][`fs.ReadHandle`]
+should be opened in binary mode.
+
+@tparam[2] {
+  url = string, headers? = { [string] = string },
+  binary? = boolean, method? = string, redirect? = boolean,
+  timeout? = number,
+} request Options for the request. See [`http.request`] for details on how
+these options behave.
 
 @treturn Response The resulting http response, which can be read from.
 @treturn[2] nil When the http request failed, such as in the event of a 404
 error or connection timeout.
 @treturn string A message detailing why the request failed.
+@treturn Response|nil The failing http response, if available.
+
+@changed 1.63 Added argument for headers.
+@changed 1.80pr1 Response handles are now returned on error if available.
+@changed 1.80pr1 Added argument for binary handles.
+@changed 1.80pr1.6 Added support for table argument.
+@changed 1.86.0 Added PATCH and TRACE methods.
+@changed 1.105.0 Added support for custom timeouts.
+@changed 1.109.0 The returned response now reads the body as raw bytes, rather
+                 than decoding from UTF-8.
 
 @usage Make a request to [example.tweaked.cc](https://example.tweaked.cc),
 and print the returned page.
@@ -47,25 +101,287 @@ print(request.readAll())
 request.close()
 ```
 ]]
-function get(_url)
+function get(_url, _headers, _binary)
+    if type(_url) == "table" then
+        check_request_options(_url, false)
+        return wrap_request(_url.url, _url)
+    end
+
     expect(1, _url, "string")
-    return wrap_request(_url, _url)
+    expect(2, _headers, "table", "nil")
+    expect(3, _binary, "boolean", "nil")
+    return wrap_request(_url, _url, nil, _headers, _binary)
 end
 
 --[[- Make a HTTP POST request to the given url.
 
 @tparam string url   The url to request
 @tparam string body  The body of the POST request.
+@tparam[opt] { [string] = string } headers Additional headers to send as part
+of this request.
+@tparam[opt=false] boolean binary Whether the [response handle][`fs.ReadHandle`]
+should be opened in binary mode.
+
+@tparam[2] {
+  url = string, body? = string, headers? = { [string] = string },
+  binary? = boolean, method? = string, redirect? = boolean,
+  timeout? = number,
+} request Options for the request. See [`http.request`] for details on how
+these options behave.
 
 @treturn Response The resulting http response, which can be read from.
 @treturn[2] nil When the http request failed, such as in the event of a 404
 error or connection timeout.
 @treturn string A message detailing why the request failed.
+@treturn Response|nil The failing http response, if available.
 
 @since 1.31
+@changed 1.63 Added argument for headers.
+@changed 1.80pr1 Response handles are now returned on error if available.
+@changed 1.80pr1 Added argument for binary handles.
+@changed 1.80pr1.6 Added support for table argument.
+@changed 1.86.0 Added PATCH and TRACE methods.
+@changed 1.105.0 Added support for custom timeouts.
+@changed 1.109.0 The returned response now reads the body as raw bytes, rather
+                 than decoding from UTF-8.
 ]]
-function post(_url, _post)
+function post(_url, _post, _headers, _binary)
+    if type(_url) == "table" then
+        check_request_options(_url, true)
+        return wrap_request(_url.url, _url)
+    end
+
     expect(1, _url, "string")
     expect(2, _post, "string")
-    return wrap_request(_url, _url, _post)
+    expect(3, _headers, "table", "nil")
+    expect(4, _binary, "boolean", "nil")
+    return wrap_request(_url, _url, _post, _headers, _binary)
+end
+
+--[[- Asynchronously make a HTTP request to the given url.
+
+This returns immediately, a [`http_success`] or [`http_failure`] will be queued
+once the request has completed.
+
+@tparam      string url   The url to request
+@tparam[opt] string body  An optional string containing the body of the
+request. If specified, a `POST` request will be made instead.
+@tparam[opt] { [string] = string } headers Additional headers to send as part
+of this request.
+@tparam[opt=false] boolean binary Whether the [response handle][`fs.ReadHandle`]
+should be opened in binary mode.
+
+@tparam[2] {
+  url = string, body? = string, headers? = { [string] = string },
+  binary? = boolean, method? = string, redirect? = boolean,
+  timeout? = number,
+} request Options for the request.
+
+This table form is an expanded version of the previous syntax. All arguments
+from above are passed in as fields instead (for instance,
+`http.request("https://example.com")` becomes `http.request { url =
+"https://example.com" }`).
+ This table also accepts several additional options:
+
+ - `method`: Which HTTP method to use, for instance `"PATCH"` or `"DELETE"`.
+ - `redirect`: Whether to follow HTTP redirects. Defaults to true.
+ - `timeout`: The connection timeout, in seconds.
+
+@see http.get  For a synchronous way to make GET requests.
+@see http.post For a synchronous way to make POST requests.
+
+@changed 1.63 Added argument for headers.
+@changed 1.80pr1 Added argument for binary handles.
+@changed 1.80pr1.6 Added support for table argument.
+@changed 1.86.0 Added PATCH and TRACE methods.
+@changed 1.105.0 Added support for custom timeouts.
+@changed 1.109.0 The returned response now reads the body as raw bytes, rather
+                 than decoding from UTF-8.
+]]
+function request(_url, _post, _headers, _binary)
+    local url
+    if type(_url) == "table" then
+        check_request_options(_url)
+        url = _url.url
+    else
+        expect(1, _url, "string")
+        expect(2, _post, "string", "nil")
+        expect(3, _headers, "table", "nil")
+        expect(4, _binary, "boolean", "nil")
+        url = _url
+    end
+
+    local ok, err = nativeHTTPRequest(_url, _post, _headers, _binary)
+    if not ok then
+        os.queueEvent("http_failure", url, err)
+    end
+
+    -- Return true/false for legacy reasons. Undocumented, as it shouldn't be relied on.
+    return ok, err
+end
+
+local nativeCheckURL = native.checkURL
+
+--[[- Asynchronously determine whether a URL can be requested.
+
+If this returns `true`, one should also listen for [`http_check`] which will
+container further information about whether the URL is allowed or not.
+
+@tparam string url The URL to check.
+@treturn true When this url is not invalid. This does not imply that it is
+allowed - see the comment above.
+@treturn[2] false When this url is invalid.
+@treturn string A reason why this URL is not valid (for instance, if it is
+malformed, or blocked).
+
+@see http.checkURL For a synchronous version.
+]]
+checkURLAsync = nativeCheckURL
+
+--[[- Determine whether a URL can be requested.
+
+If this returns `true`, one should also listen for [`http_check`] which will
+container further information about whether the URL is allowed or not.
+
+@tparam string url The URL to check.
+@treturn true When this url is valid and can be requested via [`http.request`].
+@treturn[2] false When this url is invalid.
+@treturn string A reason why this URL is not valid (for instance, if it is
+malformed, or blocked).
+
+@see http.checkURLAsync For an asynchronous version.
+
+@usage
+```lua
+print(http.checkURL("https://example.tweaked.cc/"))
+-- => true
+print(http.checkURL("http://localhost/"))
+-- => false Domain not permitted
+print(http.checkURL("not a url"))
+-- => false URL malformed
+```
+]]
+function checkURL(_url)
+    expect(1, _url, "string")
+    local ok, err = nativeCheckURL(_url)
+    if not ok then return ok, err end
+
+    while true do
+        local _, url, ok, err = os.pullEvent("http_check")
+        if url == _url then return ok, err end
+    end
+end
+
+local nativeWebsocket = native.websocket
+
+local function check_websocket_options(options, body)
+    check_key(options, "url", "string")
+    check_key(options, "headers", "table", true)
+    check_key(options, "timeout", "number", true)
+end
+
+
+--[[- Asynchronously open a websocket.
+
+This returns immediately, a [`websocket_success`] or [`websocket_failure`]
+will be queued once the request has completed.
+
+@tparam[1] string url The websocket url to connect to. This should have the
+`ws://` or `wss://` protocol.
+@tparam[1, opt] { [string] = string } headers Additional headers to send as part
+of the initial websocket connection.
+
+@tparam[2] {
+  url = string, headers? = { [string] = string }, timeout ?= number,
+} request Options for the websocket.  See [`http.websocket`] for details on how
+these options behave.
+
+@since 1.80pr1.3
+@changed 1.95.3 Added User-Agent to default headers.
+@changed 1.105.0 Added support for table argument and custom timeout.
+@changed 1.109.0 Non-binary websocket messages now use the raw bytes rather than
+                 using UTF-8.
+@see websocket_success
+@see websocket_failure
+]]
+function websocketAsync(url, headers)
+    local actual_url
+    if type(url) == "table" then
+        check_websocket_options(url)
+        actual_url = url.url
+    else
+        expect(1, url, "string")
+        expect(2, headers, "table", "nil")
+        actual_url = url
+    end
+
+    local ok, err = nativeWebsocket(url, headers)
+    if not ok then
+        os.queueEvent("websocket_failure", actual_url, err)
+    end
+
+    -- Return true/false for legacy reasons. Undocumented, as it shouldn't be relied on.
+    return ok, err
+end
+
+--[[- Open a websocket.
+
+@tparam[1] string url The websocket url to connect to. This should have the
+`ws://` or `wss://` protocol.
+@tparam[1,opt] { [string] = string } headers Additional headers to send as part
+of the initial websocket connection.
+
+@tparam[2] {
+  url = string, headers? = { [string] = string }, timeout ?= number,
+} request Options for the websocket.
+
+This table form is an expanded version of the previous syntax. All arguments
+from above are passed in as fields instead (for instance,
+`http.websocket("https://example.com")` becomes `http.websocket { url =
+"https://example.com" }`).
+ This table also accepts the following additional options:
+
+  - `timeout`: The connection timeout, in seconds.
+
+@treturn Websocket The websocket connection.
+@treturn[2] false If the websocket connection failed.
+@treturn string An error message describing why the connection failed.
+
+@since 1.80pr1.1
+@changed 1.80pr1.3 No longer asynchronous.
+@changed 1.95.3 Added User-Agent to default headers.
+@changed 1.105.0 Added support for table argument and custom timeout.
+@changed 1.109.0 Non-binary websocket messages now use the raw bytes rather than
+                 using UTF-8.
+
+@usage Connect to an echo websocket and send a message.
+
+    local ws = assert(http.websocket("wss://example.tweaked.cc/echo"))
+    ws.send("Hello!") -- Send a message
+    print(ws.receive()) -- And receive the reply
+    ws.close()
+
+]]
+function websocket(url, headers)
+    local actual_url
+    if type(url) == "table" then
+        check_websocket_options(url)
+        actual_url = url.url
+    else
+        expect(1, url, "string")
+        expect(2, headers, "table", "nil")
+        actual_url = url
+    end
+
+    local ok, err = nativeWebsocket(url, headers)
+    if not ok then return ok, err end
+
+    while true do
+        local event, url, param = os.pullEvent( )
+        if event == "websocket_success" and url == actual_url then
+            return param
+        elseif event == "websocket_failure" and url == actual_url then
+            return false, param
+        end
+    end
 end

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/apis/keys.lua

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 --
 -- SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-CCPL
 
---- Constants for all keyboard "key codes", as queued by the @{key} event.
+--- Constants for all keyboard "key codes", as queued by the [`key`] event.
 --
 -- These values are not guaranteed to remain the same between versions. It is
 -- recommended that you use the constants provided by this file, rather than

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/apis/paintutils.lua

@@ -47,12 +47,22 @@ local function sortCoords(startX, startY, endX, endY)
     return minX, maxX, minY, maxY
 end
 
---- Parses an image from a multi-line string
---
--- @tparam string image The string containing the raw-image data.
--- @treturn table The parsed image data, suitable for use with
--- [`paintutils.drawImage`].
--- @since 1.80pr1
+--[=[- Parses an image from a multi-line string
+
+@tparam string image The string containing the raw-image data.
+@treturn table The parsed image data, suitable for use with [`paintutils.drawImage`].
+@usage Parse an image from a string, and draw it.
+
+    local image = paintutils.parseImage([[
+     e  e
+
+    e    e
+     eeee
+    ]])
+    paintutils.drawImage(image, term.getCursorPos())
+
+@since 1.80pr1
+]=]
 function parseImage(image)
     expect(1, image, "string")
     local tImage = {}

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/apis/parallel.lua

@@ -39,60 +39,55 @@ the other.
 @since 1.2
 ]]
 
+local exception = dofile("rom/modules/main/cc/internal/tiny_require.lua")("cc.internal.exception")
+
 local function create(...)
-    local tFns = table.pack(...)
-    local tCos = {}
-    for i = 1, tFns.n, 1 do
-        local fn = tFns[i]
+    local barrier_ctx = { co = coroutine.running() }
+
+    local functions = table.pack(...)
+    local threads = {}
+    for i = 1, functions.n, 1 do
+        local fn = functions[i]
         if type(fn) ~= "function" then
             error("bad argument #" .. i .. " (function expected, got " .. type(fn) .. ")", 3)
         end
 
-        tCos[i] = coroutine.create(fn)
+        threads[i] = { co = coroutine.create(function() return exception.try_barrier(barrier_ctx, fn) end), filter = nil }
     end
 
-    return tCos
+    return threads
 end
 
-local function runUntilLimit(_routines, _limit)
-    local count = #_routines
+local function runUntilLimit(threads, limit)
+    local count = #threads
     if count < 1 then return 0 end
     local living = count
 
-    local tFilters = {}
-    local eventData = { n = 0 }
+    local event = { n = 0 }
     while true do
-        for n = 1, count do
-            local r = _routines[n]
-            if r then
-                if tFilters[r] == nil or tFilters[r] == eventData[1] or eventData[1] == "terminate" then
-                    local ok, param = coroutine.resume(r, table.unpack(eventData, 1, eventData.n))
-                    if not ok then
-                        error(param, 0)
+        for i = 1, count do
+            local thread = threads[i]
+            if thread and (thread.filter == nil or thread.filter == event[1] or event[1] == "terminate") then
+                local ok, param = coroutine.resume(thread.co, table.unpack(event, 1, event.n))
+                if ok then
+                    thread.filter = param
+                elseif type(param) == "string" and exception.can_wrap_errors() then
+                    error(exception.make_exception(param, thread.co))
                 else
-                        tFilters[r] = param
+                    error(param, 0)
                 end
-                    if coroutine.status(r) == "dead" then
-                        _routines[n] = nil
+
+                if coroutine.status(thread.co) == "dead" then
+                    threads[i] = false
                     living = living - 1
-                        if living <= _limit then
-                            return n
+                    if living <= limit then
+                        return i
                     end
                 end
             end
         end
-        end
-        for n = 1, count do
-            local r = _routines[n]
-            if r and coroutine.status(r) == "dead" then
-                _routines[n] = nil
-                living = living - 1
-                if living <= _limit then
-                    return n
-                end
-            end
-        end
-        eventData = table.pack(os.pullEventRaw())
+
+        event = table.pack(os.pullEventRaw())
     end
 end
 
@@ -120,8 +115,8 @@ from the [`parallel.waitForAny`] call.
     print("Everything done!")
 ]]
 function waitForAny(...)
-    local routines = create(...)
-    return runUntilLimit(routines, #routines - 1)
+    local threads = create(...)
+    return runUntilLimit(threads, #threads - 1)
 end
 
 --[[- Switches between execution of the functions, until all of them are
@@ -144,6 +139,6 @@ from the [`parallel.waitForAll`] call.
     print("Everything done!")
 ]]
 function waitForAll(...)
-    local routines = create(...)
-    return runUntilLimit(routines, 0)
+    local threads = create(...)
+    return runUntilLimit(threads, 0)
 end

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/apis/rednet.lua

@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ function isOpen(modem)
 end
 
 --[[- Allows a computer or turtle with an attached modem to send a message
-intended for a sycomputer with a specific ID. At least one such modem must first
+intended for a computer with a specific ID. At least one such modem must first
 be [opened][`rednet.open`] before sending is possible.
 
 Assuming the target was in range and also had a correctly opened modem, the
@@ -298,6 +298,7 @@ function receive(protocol_filter, timeout)
             -- Return the first matching rednet_message
             local sender_id, message, protocol = p1, p2, p3
             if protocol_filter == nil or protocol == protocol_filter then
+                if timer then os.cancelTimer(timer) end
                 return sender_id, message, protocol
             end
         elseif event == "timer" then
@@ -431,6 +432,7 @@ function lookup(protocol, hostname)
                     if hostname == nil then
                         table.insert(results, sender_id)
                     elseif message.sHostname == hostname then
+                        os.cancelTimer(timer)
                         return sender_id
                     end
                 end
@@ -440,6 +442,9 @@ function lookup(protocol, hostname)
             break
         end
     end
+
+    os.cancelTimer(timer)
+
     if results then
         return table.unpack(results)
     end

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/apis/settings.lua

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ When a computer starts, it reads the current value of settings from the
     settings.define("my.setting", {
         description = "An example setting",
         default = 123,
-        type = number,
+        type = "number",
     })
     print("my.setting = " .. settings.get("my.setting")) -- 123
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ for _, v in ipairs(valid_types) do valid_types[v] = true end
 --  - `default`: A default value, which is returned by [`settings.get`] if the
 --    setting has not been changed.
 --  - `type`: Require values to be of this type. [Setting][`set`] the value to another type
---    will error.
+--    will error. Must be one of: `"number"`, `"string"`, `"boolean"`, or `"table"`.
 -- @since 1.87.0
 function define(name, options)
     expect(1, name, "string")
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ function unset(name)
 end
 
 --- Resets the value of all settings. Equivalent to calling [`settings.unset`]
---- on every setting.
+-- on every setting.
 --
 -- @see settings.unset
 function clear()
@@ -213,16 +213,16 @@ end
 -- Existing settings will be merged with any pre-existing ones. Conflicting
 -- entries will be overwritten, but any others will be preserved.
 --
--- @tparam[opt] string sPath The file to load from, defaulting to `.settings`.
+-- @tparam[opt=".settings"] string path The file to load from.
 -- @treturn boolean Whether settings were successfully read from this
 -- file. Reasons for failure may include the file not existing or being
 -- corrupted.
 --
 -- @see settings.save
--- @changed 1.87.0 `sPath` is now optional.
-function load(sPath)
-    expect(1, sPath, "string", "nil")
-    local file = fs.open(sPath or ".settings", "r")
+-- @changed 1.87.0 `path` is now optional.
+function load(path)
+    expect(1, path, "string", "nil")
+    local file = fs.open(path or ".settings", "r")
     if not file then
         return false
     end
@@ -255,14 +255,14 @@ end
 -- This will entirely overwrite the pre-existing file. Settings defined in the
 -- file, but not currently loaded will be removed.
 --
--- @tparam[opt] string sPath The path to save settings to, defaulting to `.settings`.
+-- @tparam[opt=".settings"] string path The path to save settings to.
 -- @treturn boolean If the settings were successfully saved.
 --
 -- @see settings.load
--- @changed 1.87.0 `sPath` is now optional.
-function save(sPath)
-    expect(1, sPath, "string", "nil")
-    local file = fs.open(sPath or ".settings", "w")
+-- @changed 1.87.0 `path` is now optional.
+function save(path)
+    expect(1, path, "string", "nil")
+    local file = fs.open(path or ".settings", "w")
     if not file then
         return false
     end

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/apis/textutils.lua

@@ -7,9 +7,11 @@
 -- @module textutils
 -- @since 1.2
 
-local expect = dofile("rom/modules/main/cc/expect.lua")
+local require = dofile("rom/modules/main/cc/internal/tiny_require.lua")
+
+local expect = require("cc.expect")
 local expect, field = expect.expect, expect.field
-local wrap = dofile("rom/modules/main/cc/strings.lua").wrap
+local wrap = require("cc.strings").wrap
 
 --- Slowly writes string text at current cursor position,
 -- character-by-character.
@@ -847,13 +849,32 @@ unserialise = unserialize -- GB version
 
 --[[- Returns a JSON representation of the given data.
 
-This function attempts to guess whether a table is a JSON array or
-object. However, empty tables are assumed to be empty objects - use
-[`textutils.empty_json_array`] to mark an empty array.
-
 This is largely intended for interacting with various functions from the
 [`commands`] API, though may also be used in making [`http`] requests.
 
+Lua has a rather different data model to Javascript/JSON. As a result, some Lua
+values do not serialise cleanly into JSON.
+
+ - Lua tables can contain arbitrary key-value pairs, but JSON only accepts arrays,
+   and objects (which require a string key). When serialising a table, if it only
+   has numeric keys, then it will be treated as an array. Otherwise, the table will
+   be serialised to an object using the string keys. Non-string keys (such as numbers
+   or tables) will be dropped.
+
+   A consequence of this is that an empty table will always be serialised to an object,
+   not an array. [`textutils.empty_json_array`] may be used to express an empty array.
+
+ - Lua strings are an a sequence of raw bytes, and do not have any specific encoding.
+   However, JSON strings must be valid unicode. By default, non-ASCII characters in a
+   string are serialised to their unicode code point (for instance, `"\xfe"` is
+   converted to `"\u00fe"`). The `unicode_strings` option may be set to treat all input
+   strings as UTF-8.
+
+ - Lua does not distinguish between missing keys (`undefined` in JS) and ones explicitly
+   set to `null`. As a result `{ x = nil }` is serialised to `{}`. [`textutils.json_null`]
+   may be used to get an explicit null value (`{ x = textutils.json_null }` will serialise
+   to `{"x": null}`).
+
 @param[1] t The value to serialise. Like [`textutils.serialise`], this should not
 contain recursive tables or functions.
 @tparam[1,opt] {
@@ -921,22 +942,21 @@ unserialiseJSON = unserialise_json
 -- @since 1.31
 function urlEncode(str)
     expect(1, str, "string")
-    if str then
-        str = string.gsub(str, "\n", "\r\n")
-        str = string.gsub(str, "([^A-Za-z0-9 %-%_%.])", function(c)
-            local n = string.byte(c)
+    local gsub, byte, format, band, arshift = string.gsub, string.byte, string.format, bit32.band, bit32.arshift
+
+    str = gsub(str, "\n", "\r\n")
+    str = gsub(str, "[^A-Za-z0-9%-%_%.]", function(c)
+        if c == " " then return "+" end
+
+        local n = byte(c)
         if n < 128 then
             -- ASCII
-                return string.format("%%%02X", n)
+            return format("%%%02X", n)
         else
             -- Non-ASCII (encode as UTF-8)
-                return
-                    string.format("%%%02X", 192 + bit32.band(bit32.arshift(n, 6), 31)) ..
-                    string.format("%%%02X", 128 + bit32.band(n, 63))
+            return format("%%%02X%%%02X", 192 + band(arshift(n, 6), 31), 128 + band(n, 63))
         end
     end)
-        str = string.gsub(str, " ", "+")
-    end
     return str
 end
 

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/apis/vector.lua

@@ -13,6 +13,11 @@
 -- @module vector
 -- @since 1.31
 
+local getmetatable = getmetatable
+local expect = dofile("rom/modules/main/cc/expect.lua").expect
+
+local vmetatable
+
 --- A 3-dimensional vector, with `x`, `y`, and `z` values.
 --
 -- This is suitable for representing both position and directional vectors.
@@ -27,6 +32,9 @@ local vector = {
     -- @usage v1:add(v2)
     -- @usage v1 + v2
     add = function(self, o)
+        if getmetatable(self) ~= vmetatable then expect(1, self, "vector") end
+        if getmetatable(o) ~= vmetatable then expect(2, o, "vector") end
+
         return vector.new(
             self.x + o.x,
             self.y + o.y,
@@ -42,6 +50,9 @@ local vector = {
     -- @usage v1:sub(v2)
     -- @usage v1 - v2
     sub = function(self, o)
+        if getmetatable(self) ~= vmetatable then expect(1, self, "vector") end
+        if getmetatable(o) ~= vmetatable then expect(2, o, "vector") end
+
         return vector.new(
             self.x - o.x,
             self.y - o.y,
@@ -52,30 +63,36 @@ local vector = {
     --- Multiplies a vector by a scalar value.
     --
     -- @tparam Vector self The vector to multiply.
-    -- @tparam number m The scalar value to multiply with.
+    -- @tparam number factor The scalar value to multiply with.
     -- @treturn Vector A vector with value `(x * m, y * m, z * m)`.
-    -- @usage v:mul(3)
-    -- @usage v * 3
-    mul = function(self, m)
+    -- @usage vector.new(1, 2, 3):mul(3)
+    -- @usage vector.new(1, 2, 3) * 3
+    mul = function(self, factor)
+        if getmetatable(self) ~= vmetatable then expect(1, self, "vector") end
+        expect(2, factor, "number")
+
         return vector.new(
-            self.x * m,
-            self.y * m,
-            self.z * m
+            self.x * factor,
+            self.y * factor,
+            self.z * factor
         )
     end,
 
     --- Divides a vector by a scalar value.
     --
     -- @tparam Vector self The vector to divide.
-    -- @tparam number m The scalar value to divide by.
+    -- @tparam number factor The scalar value to divide by.
     -- @treturn Vector A vector with value `(x / m, y / m, z / m)`.
-    -- @usage v:div(3)
-    -- @usage v / 3
-    div = function(self, m)
+    -- @usage vector.new(1, 2, 3):div(3)
+    -- @usage vector.new(1, 2, 3) / 3
+    div = function(self, factor)
+        if getmetatable(self) ~= vmetatable then expect(1, self, "vector") end
+        expect(2, factor, "number")
+
         return vector.new(
-            self.x / m,
-            self.y / m,
-            self.z / m
+            self.x / factor,
+            self.y / factor,
+            self.z / factor
         )
     end,
 
@@ -83,8 +100,9 @@ local vector = {
     --
     -- @tparam Vector self The vector to negate.
     -- @treturn Vector The negated vector.
-    -- @usage -v
+    -- @usage -vector.new(1, 2, 3)
     unm = function(self)
+        if getmetatable(self) ~= vmetatable then expect(1, self, "vector") end
         return vector.new(
             -self.x,
             -self.y,
@@ -96,9 +114,12 @@ local vector = {
     --
     -- @tparam Vector self The first vector to compute the dot product of.
     -- @tparam Vector o The second vector to compute the dot product of.
-    -- @treturn Vector The dot product of `self` and `o`.
+    -- @treturn number The dot product of `self` and `o`.
     -- @usage v1:dot(v2)
     dot = function(self, o)
+        if getmetatable(self) ~= vmetatable then expect(1, self, "vector") end
+        if getmetatable(o) ~= vmetatable then expect(2, o, "vector") end
+
         return self.x * o.x + self.y * o.y + self.z * o.z
     end,
 
@@ -109,6 +130,9 @@ local vector = {
     -- @treturn Vector The cross product of `self` and `o`.
     -- @usage v1:cross(v2)
     cross = function(self, o)
+        if getmetatable(self) ~= vmetatable then expect(1, self, "vector") end
+        if getmetatable(o) ~= vmetatable then expect(2, o, "vector") end
+
         return vector.new(
             self.y * o.z - self.z * o.y,
             self.z * o.x - self.x * o.z,
@@ -120,6 +144,7 @@ local vector = {
     -- @tparam Vector self This vector.
     -- @treturn number The length of this vector.
     length = function(self)
+        if getmetatable(self) ~= vmetatable then expect(1, self, "vector") end
         return math.sqrt(self.x * self.x + self.y * self.y + self.z * self.z)
     end,
 
@@ -141,6 +166,9 @@ local vector = {
     -- nearest 0.5.
     -- @treturn Vector The rounded vector.
     round = function(self, tolerance)
+        if getmetatable(self) ~= vmetatable then expect(1, self, "vector") end
+        expect(2, tolerance, "number", "nil")
+
         tolerance = tolerance or 1.0
         return vector.new(
             math.floor((self.x + tolerance * 0.5) / tolerance) * tolerance,
@@ -156,6 +184,8 @@ local vector = {
     -- @usage v:tostring()
     -- @usage tostring(v)
     tostring = function(self)
+        if getmetatable(self) ~= vmetatable then expect(1, self, "vector") end
+
         return self.x .. "," .. self.y .. "," .. self.z
     end,
 
@@ -165,11 +195,15 @@ local vector = {
     -- @tparam Vector other The second vector to compare to.
     -- @treturn boolean Whether or not the vectors are equal.
     equals = function(self, other)
+        if getmetatable(self) ~= vmetatable then expect(1, self, "vector") end
+        if getmetatable(other) ~= vmetatable then expect(2, other, "vector") end
+
         return self.x == other.x and self.y == other.y and self.z == other.z
     end,
 }
 
-local vmetatable = {
+vmetatable = {
+    __name = "vector",
     __index = vector,
     __add = vector.add,
     __sub = vector.sub,

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/help/changelog.md

@@ -1,3 +1,160 @@
+# New features in CC: Tweaked 1.115.1
+
+* Update various translations (cyb3r, kevk2156, teamer337, yakku).
+* Support Fabric's item lookup API for registering media providers.
+
+Several bug fixes:
+* Fix crashes on Create 6.0 (ellellie).
+* Fix `speaker.playAudio` not updating speaker volume.
+* Resize pocket lectern textures to fix issues with generating mipmaps.
+
+# New features in CC: Tweaked 1.115.0
+
+* Support placing pocket computers on lecterns.
+* Suggest alternative table keys on `nil` errors.
+* Errors from inside `parallel` functions now have source information attached.
+* Expose printout contents to the Java API.
+
+Several bug fixes:
+* Ignore unrepresentable characters in `char`/`paste` events.
+
+# New features in CC: Tweaked 1.114.4
+
+* Allow typing/pasting any character in the CC charset.
+
+Several bug fixes:
+* Fix command computers being exposed as peripherals (Forge only).
+* Fix command computers having NBT set when placed in a Create contraption.
+* Use correct bounding box when checking for entities in turtle movement.
+
+# New features in CC: Tweaked 1.114.3
+
+* `wget` now prints the error that occurred, rather than a generic "Failed" (tizu69).
+* Update several translations.
+
+Several bug fixes:
+* Fix `fs.isDriveRoot` returning true for non-existent files.
+* Fix possible memory leak when sending terminal contents.
+
+# New features in CC: Tweaked 1.114.2
+
+One bug fix:
+* Fix OpenGL errors when rendering empty monitors.
+
+# New features in CC: Tweaked 1.114.1
+
+Several bug fixes:
+* Fix monitor touch events only firing from one monitor.
+* Fix crash when lectern has no item.
+* Fix cursor not blinking on monitors.
+
+# New features in CC: Tweaked 1.114.0
+
+* Add redstone relay peripheral.
+* Add support for `math.atan(y, x)`.
+* Update several translations.
+
+Several bug fixes:
+* Fix pocket upgrades not appearing after crafting.
+* Cancel `rednet.receive` and `Websocket.receive` timers after a message is received.
+* Fix several issues with parsing and printing large doubles.
+* Fix in-hand pocket computer being blank after changing dimension.
+
+# New features in CC: Tweaked 1.113.1
+
+* Update Japanese translation (konumatakaki).
+* Improve performance of `textutils.urlEncode`.
+
+Several bug fixes:
+* Fix overflow when converting recursive objects from Java to Lua.
+* Fix websocket compression not working under Forge.
+
+# New features in CC: Tweaked 1.113.0
+
+* Allow placing printed pages and books in lecterns.
+
+Several bug fixes:
+* Various documentation fixes (MCJack123)
+* Fix computers and turtles not being dropped when exploded with TNT.
+* Fix crash when turtles are broken while mining a block.
+* Fix pocket computer terminals not updating when in the off-hand.
+
+# New features in CC: Tweaked 1.112.0
+
+* Report a custom error when using `!` instead of `not`.
+* Update several translations (zyxkad, MineKID-LP).
+* Add `cc.strings.split` function.
+
+Several bug fixes:
+* Fix `drive.getAudioTitle` returning `nil` when no disk is inserted.
+* Preserve item data when upgrading pocket computers.
+* Add missing bounds check to `cc.strings.wrap` (Lupus950).
+* Fix modems not moving with Create contraptions.
+
+# New features in CC: Tweaked 1.111.0
+
+* Update several translations (Ale32bit).
+* Split up turtle textures into individual textures.
+* Add `r+`/`w+` support to the `io` library.
+* Warn when capabilities are not registered and Optifine is installed.
+
+Several bug fixes:
+* Allow planks to be used for building in "adventure" (dan200).
+* Fix `disk.getAudioTitle()` returning untranslated strings for some modded discs.
+* Fix crash when right clicking turtles in spectator.
+
+# New features in CC: Tweaked 1.110.3
+
+* Update several translations (PatriikPlays).
+
+Several bug fixes:
+* Fix some errors missing source positions.
+* Correctly handle multiple threads sending websocket messages at once.
+
+# New features in CC: Tweaked 1.110.2
+
+* Add `speaker sound` command (fatboychummy).
+
+Several bug fixes:
+* Improve error when calling `speaker play` with no path (fatboychummy).
+* Prevent playing music discs with `speaker.playSound`.
+* Various documentation fixes (cyberbit).
+* Fix generic peripherals not being able to transfer to some inventories on Forge.
+* Fix rare crash when holding a pocket computer.
+* Fix modems breaking when moved by Create.
+* Fix crash when rendering a turtle through an Immersive Portals portal.
+
+# New features in CC: Tweaked 1.110.1
+
+Several bug fixes:
+* Fix computers not turning on after they're unloaded/not-ticked for a while.
+* Fix networking cables sometimes not connecting on Forge.
+
+# New features in CC: Tweaked 1.110.0
+
+* Add a new `@c[...]` syntax for selecting computers in the `/computercraft` command.
+* Remove custom breaking progress of modems on Forge.
+
+Several bug fixes:
+* Fix client and server DFPWM transcoders getting out of sync.
+* Fix `turtle.suck` reporting incorrect error when failing to suck items.
+* Fix pocket computers displaying state (blinking, modem light) for the wrong computer.
+* Fix crash when wrapping an invalid BE as a generic peripheral.
+* Chest peripherals now reattach when a chest is converted into a double chest.
+* Fix `speaker` program not resolving files relative to the current directory.
+* Skip main-thread tasks if the peripheral is detached.
+* Fix internal Lua VM errors if yielding inside `__tostring`.
+
+# New features in CC: Tweaked 1.109.7
+
+* Improve performance of removing and unloading wired cables/modems.
+
+Several bug fixes:
+* Fix monitors sometimes not updating on the client when chunks are unloaded and reloaded.
+* `colour.toBlit` correctly errors on out-of-bounds values.
+* Round non-standard colours in `window`, like `term.native()` does.
+* Fix the client monitor rendering both the current and outdated contents.
+
 # New features in CC: Tweaked 1.109.6
 
 * Improve several Lua parser error messages.
@@ -724,7 +881,7 @@ And several bug fixes:
 # New features in CC: Tweaked 1.86.2
 
 * Fix peripheral.getMethods returning an empty table.
-* Update to Minecraft 1.15.2. This is currently alpha-quality and so is missing missing features and may be unstable.
+* Update to Minecraft 1.15.2. This is currently alpha-quality and so is missing features and may be unstable.
 
 # New features in CC: Tweaked 1.86.1
 
@@ -1340,7 +1497,7 @@ And several bug fixes:
 * Turtles can now compare items in their inventories
 * Turtles can place signs with text on them with `turtle.place( [signText] )`
 * Turtles now optionally require fuel items to move, and can refuel themselves
-* The size of the the turtle inventory has been increased to 16
+* The size of the turtle inventory has been increased to 16
 * The size of the turtle screen has been increased
 * New turtle functions: `turtle.compareTo( [slotNum] )`, `turtle.craft()`, `turtle.attack()`, `turtle.attackUp()`, `turtle.attackDown()`, `turtle.dropUp()`, `turtle.dropDown()`, `turtle.getFuelLevel()`, `turtle.refuel()`
 * New disk function: disk.getID()

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/help/whatsnew.md

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-New features in CC: Tweaked 1.109.6
+New features in CC: Tweaked 1.115.1
 
-* Improve several Lua parser error messages.
-* Allow addon mods to register `require`able modules.
+* Update various translations (cyb3r, kevk2156, teamer337, yakku).
+* Support Fabric's item lookup API for registering media providers.
 
 Several bug fixes:
-* Fix weak tables becoming malformed when keys are GCed.
+* Fix crashes on Create 6.0 (ellellie).
+* Fix `speaker.playAudio` not updating speaker volume.
+* Resize pocket lectern textures to fix issues with generating mipmaps.
 
 Type "help changelog" to see the full version history.

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/modules/main/cc/audio/dfpwm.lua

@@ -6,14 +6,13 @@
 Convert between streams of DFPWM audio data and a list of amplitudes.
 
 DFPWM (Dynamic Filter Pulse Width Modulation) is an audio codec designed by GreaseMonkey. It's a relatively compact
-format compared to raw PCM data, only using 1 bit per sample, but is simple enough to simple enough to encode and decode
-in real time.
+format compared to raw PCM data, only using 1 bit per sample, but is simple enough to encode and decode in real time.
 
-Typically DFPWM audio is read from [the filesystem][`fs.BinaryReadHandle`] or a [a web request][`http.Response`] as a
-string, and converted a format suitable for [`speaker.playAudio`].
+Typically DFPWM audio is read from [the filesystem][`fs.ReadHandle`] or a [a web request][`http.Response`] as a string,
+and converted a format suitable for [`speaker.playAudio`].
 
 ## Encoding and decoding files
-This modules exposes two key functions, [`make_decoder`] and [`make_encoder`], which construct a new decoder or encoder.
+This module exposes two key functions, [`make_decoder`] and [`make_encoder`], which construct a new decoder or encoder.
 The returned encoder/decoder is itself a function, which converts between the two kinds of data.
 
 These encoders and decoders have lots of hidden state, so you should be careful to use the same encoder or decoder for
@@ -21,9 +20,9 @@ a specific audio stream. Typically you will want to create a decoder for each st
 for each one you write.
 
 ## Converting audio to DFPWM
-DFPWM is not a popular file format and so standard audio processing tools will not have an option to export to it.
+DFPWM is not a popular file format and so standard audio processing tools may not have an option to export to it.
 Instead, you can convert audio files online using [music.madefor.cc], the [LionRay Wav Converter][LionRay] Java
-application or development builds of [FFmpeg].
+application or [FFmpeg] 5.1 or later.
 
 [music.madefor.cc]: https://music.madefor.cc/ "DFPWM audio converter for Computronics and CC: Tweaked"
 [LionRay]: https://github.com/gamax92/LionRay/ "LionRay Wav Converter "
@@ -211,7 +210,7 @@ end
 
 --[[- A convenience function for encoding a complete file of audio at once.
 
-This should only be used for complete pieces of audio. If you are writing writing multiple chunks to the same place,
+This should only be used for complete pieces of audio. If you are writing multiple chunks to the same place,
 you should use an encoder returned by [`make_encoder`] instead.
 
 @tparam { number... } input The table of amplitude data.

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/modules/main/cc/expect.lua

@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ end
 --- Expect a number to be within a specific range.
 --
 -- @tparam number num The value to check.
--- @tparam number min The minimum value, if nil then `-math.huge` is used.
--- @tparam number max The maximum value, if nil then `math.huge` is used.
+-- @tparam[opt=-math.huge] number min The minimum value.
+-- @tparam[opt=math.huge] number max The maximum value.
 -- @return The given `value`.
 -- @throws If the value is outside of the allowed range.
 -- @since 1.96.0

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/modules/main/cc/image/nft.lua

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ end
 --
 -- @tparam table image An image, as returned from [`load`] or [`parse`].
 -- @tparam number xPos The x position to start drawing at.
--- @tparam number xPos The y position to start drawing at.
+-- @tparam number yPos The y position to start drawing at.
 -- @tparam[opt] term.Redirect target The terminal redirect to draw to. Defaults to the
 -- current terminal.
 local function draw(image, xPos, yPos, target)

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/modules/main/cc/internal/error_hints.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+-- SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+--
+-- SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+--[[- Internal tools for diagnosing errors and suggesting fixes.
+
+> [!DANGER]
+> This is an internal module and SHOULD NOT be used in your own code. It may
+> be removed or changed at any time.
+
+@local
+]]
+
+local debug, type, rawget = debug, type, rawget
+local sub, lower, find, min, abs = string.sub, string.lower, string.find, math.min, math.abs
+
+--[[- Compute the Optimal String Distance between two strings.
+
+@tparam string str_a The first string.
+@tparam string str_b The second string.
+@treturn number|nil The distance between two strings, or nil if they are two far
+apart.
+]]
+local function osa_distance(str_a, str_b, threshold)
+    local len_a, len_b = #str_a, #str_b
+
+    -- If the two strings are too different in length, then bail now.
+    if abs(len_a - len_b) > threshold then return end
+
+    -- Zero-initialise our distance table.
+    local d = {}
+    for i = 1, (len_a + 1) * (len_b + 1) do d[i] = 0 end
+
+    -- Then fill the first row and column
+    local function idx(a, b) return a * (len_a + 1) + b + 1 end
+    for i = 0, len_a do d[idx(i, 0)] = i end
+    for j = 0, len_b do d[idx(0, j)] = j end
+
+    -- Then compute our distance
+    for i = 1, len_a do
+        local char_a = sub(str_a, i, i)
+        for j = 1, len_b do
+            local char_b = sub(str_b, j, j)
+
+            local sub_cost
+            if char_a == char_b then
+                sub_cost = 0
+            elseif lower(char_a) == lower(char_b) then
+                sub_cost = 0.5
+            else
+                sub_cost = 1
+            end
+
+            local new_cost = min(
+                d[idx(i - 1, j)] + 1, -- Deletion
+                d[idx(i, j - 1)] + 1, -- Insertion,
+                d[idx(i - 1, j - 1)] + sub_cost -- Substitution
+            )
+
+            -- Transposition
+            if i > 1 and j > 1 and char_a == sub(str_b, j - 1, j - 1) and char_b == sub(str_a, i - 1, i - 1) then
+                local trans_cost = d[idx(i - 2, j - 2)] + 1
+                if trans_cost < new_cost then new_cost = trans_cost end
+            end
+
+            d[idx(i, j)] = new_cost
+        end
+    end
+
+    local result = d[idx(len_a, len_b)]
+    if result <= threshold then return result else return nil end
+end
+
+--- Check whether this suggestion is useful.
+local function useful_suggestion(str)
+    local len = #str
+    return len > 0 and len < 32 and find(str, "^[%a_]%w*$")
+end
+
+local function get_suggestions(is_global, value, key, thread, frame_offset)
+    if not useful_suggestion(key) then return end
+
+    -- Pick a maximum number of edits. We're more lenient on longer strings, but
+    -- still only allow two mistakes.
+    local threshold = #key >= 5 and 2 or 1
+
+    -- Find all items in the table, and see if they seem similar.
+    local suggestions = {}
+    local function process_suggestion(k)
+        if type(k) ~= "string" or not useful_suggestion(k) then return end
+
+        local distance = osa_distance(k, key, threshold)
+        if distance then
+            if distance < threshold then
+                -- If this is better than any existing match, then prefer it.
+                suggestions = { k }
+                threshold = distance
+            else
+                -- Otherwise distance==threshold, and so just add it.
+                suggestions[#suggestions + 1] = k
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    while type(value) == "table" do
+        for k in next, value do process_suggestion(k) end
+
+        local mt = debug.getmetatable(value)
+        if mt == nil then break end
+        value = rawget(mt, "__index")
+    end
+
+    -- If we're attempting to lookup a global, then also suggest any locals and
+    -- upvalues. Our upvalues will be incomplete, but maybe a little useful?
+    if is_global then
+        for i = 1, 200 do
+            local name = debug.getlocal(thread, frame_offset, i)
+            if not name then break end
+            process_suggestion(name)
+        end
+
+        local func = debug.getinfo(thread, frame_offset, "f").func
+        for i = 1, 255 do
+            local name = debug.getupvalue(func, i)
+            if not name then break end
+            process_suggestion(name)
+        end
+    end
+
+    table.sort(suggestions)
+
+    return suggestions
+end
+
+--[[- Get a tip to display at the end of an error.
+
+@tparam string err The error message.
+@tparam coroutine thread The current thread.
+@tparam number frame_offset The offset into the thread where the current frame exists
+@return An optional message to append to the error.
+]]
+local function get_tip(err, thread, frame_offset)
+    local nil_op = err:match("^attempt to (%l+) .* %(a nil value%)")
+    if not nil_op then return end
+
+    local has_error_info, error_info = pcall(require, "cc.internal.error_info")
+    if not has_error_info then return end
+    local op, is_global, table, key = error_info.info_for_nil(thread, frame_offset)
+    if op == nil or op ~= nil_op then return end
+
+    local suggestions = get_suggestions(is_global, table, key, thread, frame_offset)
+    if not suggestions or next(suggestions) == nil then return end
+
+    local pretty = require "cc.pretty"
+    local msg = "Did you mean: "
+
+    local n_suggestions = min(3, #suggestions)
+    for i = 1, n_suggestions do
+        if i > 1 then
+            if i == n_suggestions then msg = msg .. " or " else msg = msg .. ", " end
+        end
+        msg = msg .. pretty.text(suggestions[i], colours.lightGrey)
+    end
+    return msg .. "?"
+end
+
+return { get_tip = get_tip }

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/modules/main/cc/internal/exception.lua

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 ]]
 
 local expect = require "cc.expect".expect
-local error_printer = require "cc.internal.error_printer"
+local type, debug, coroutine = type, debug, coroutine
 
 local function find_frame(thread, file, line)
     -- Scan the first 16 frames for something interesting.
@@ -21,11 +21,129 @@ local function find_frame(thread, file, line)
         if not frame then break end
 
         if frame.short_src == file and frame.what ~= "C" and frame.currentline == line then
-            return frame
+            return offset, frame
         end
     end
 end
 
+--[[- Check whether this error is an exception.
+
+Currently we don't provide a stable API for throwing (and propagating) rich
+errors, like those supported by this module. In lieu of that, we describe the
+exception protocol, which may be used by user-written coroutine managers to
+throw exceptions which are pretty-printed by the shell:
+
+An exception is any table with:
+ - The `"exception"` type
+ - A string `message` field,
+ - And a coroutine `thread` fields.
+
+To throw such an exception, the inner loop of your coroutine manager may look
+something like this:
+
+```lua
+local ok, result = coroutine.resume(co, table.unpack(event, 1, event.n))
+if not ok then
+    -- Rethrow non-string errors directly
+    if type(result) ~= "string" then error(result, 0) end
+    -- Otherwise, wrap it into an exception.
+    error(setmetatable({ message = result, thread = co }, {
+        __name = "exception",
+        __tostring = function(self) return self.message end,
+    }))
+end
+```
+
+@param exn Some error object
+@treturn boolean Whether this error is an exception.
+]]
+local function is_exception(exn)
+    if type(exn) ~= "table" then return false end
+
+    local mt = getmetatable(exn)
+    return mt and mt.__name == "exception" and type(rawget(exn, "message")) == "string" and type(rawget(exn, "thread")) == "thread"
+end
+
+local exn_mt = {
+    __name = "exception",
+    __tostring = function(self) return self.message end,
+}
+
+--[[- Create a new exception from a message and thread.
+
+@tparam string message The exception message.
+@tparam coroutine thread The coroutine the error occurred on.
+@return The constructed exception.
+]]
+local function make_exception(message, thread)
+    return setmetatable({ message = message, thread = thread }, exn_mt)
+end
+
+--[[- A marker function for [`try`] and the wider exception machinery.
+
+This function is typically the first function on the call stack. It acts as both
+a signifier that this function is exception aware, and allows us to store
+additional information for the exception machinery on the call stack.
+
+@see can_wrap_errors
+]]
+local try_barrier = debug.getregistry().cc_try_barrier
+if not try_barrier then
+    -- We define an extra "bounce" function to prevent f(...) being treated as a
+    -- tail call, and so ensure the barrier remains on the stack.
+    local function bounce(...) return ... end
+
+    --- @tparam { co = coroutine, can_wrap ?= boolean } parent The parent coroutine.
+    -- @tparam function f The function to call.
+    -- @param ... The arguments to this function.
+    try_barrier = function(parent, f, ...) return bounce(f(...)) end
+
+    debug.getregistry().cc_try_barrier = try_barrier
+end
+
+-- Functions that act as a barrier for exceptions.
+local pcall_functions = { [pcall] = true, [xpcall] = true, [load] = true }
+
+--[[- Check to see whether we can wrap errors into an exception.
+
+This scans the current thread (up to a limit), and any parent threads, to
+determine if there is a pcall anywhere on the callstack. If not, then we know
+the error message is not observed by user code, and so may be wrapped into an
+exception.
+
+@tparam[opt] coroutine The thread to check. Defaults to the current thread.
+@treturn boolean Whether we can wrap errors into exceptions.
+]]
+local function can_wrap_errors(thread)
+    if not thread then thread = coroutine.running() end
+
+    for offset = 0, 31 do
+        local frame = debug.getinfo(thread, offset, "f")
+        if not frame then return false end
+
+        local func = frame.func
+        if func == try_barrier then
+            -- If we've a try barrier, then extract the parent coroutine and
+            -- check if it can wrap errors.
+            local _, parent = debug.getlocal(thread, offset, 1)
+            if type(parent) ~= "table" or type(parent.co) ~= "thread" then return false end
+
+            local result = parent.can_wrap
+            if result == nil then
+                result = can_wrap_errors(parent.co)
+                parent.can_wrap = result
+            end
+
+            return result
+        elseif pcall_functions[func] then
+            -- If we're a pcall, then abort.
+            return false
+        end
+    end
+
+    return false
+end
+
 --[[- Attempt to call the provided function `func` with the provided arguments.
 
 @tparam function func The function to call.
@@ -41,8 +159,8 @@ end
 local function try(func, ...)
     expect(1, func, "function")
 
-    local co = coroutine.create(func)
-    local result = table.pack(coroutine.resume(co, ...))
+    local co = coroutine.create(try_barrier)
+    local result = table.pack(coroutine.resume(co, { co = co, can_wrap = true }, func, ...))
 
     while coroutine.status(co) ~= "dead" do
         local event = table.pack(os.pullEventRaw(result[2]))
@@ -51,8 +169,14 @@ local function try(func, ...)
         end
     end
 
-    if not result[1] then return false, result[2], co end
+    if result[1] then
         return table.unpack(result, 1, result.n)
+    elseif is_exception(result[2]) then
+        local exn = result[2]
+        return false, rawget(exn, "message"), rawget(exn, "thread")
+    else
+        return false, result[2], co
+    end
 end
 
 --[[- Report additional context about an error.
@@ -67,11 +191,11 @@ local function report(err, thread, source_map)
 
     if type(err) ~= "string" then return end
 
-    local file, line = err:match("^([^:]+):(%d+):")
+    local file, line, err = err:match("^([^:]+):(%d+): (.*)")
     if not file then return end
     line = tonumber(line)
 
-    local frame = find_frame(thread, file, line)
+    local frame_offset, frame = find_frame(thread, file, line)
     if not frame or not frame.currentcolumn then return end
 
     local column = frame.currentcolumn
@@ -108,16 +232,22 @@ local function report(err, thread, source_map)
     -- Could not determine the line. Bail.
     if not line_contents or #line_contents == "" then return end
 
-    error_printer({
+    require("cc.internal.error_printer")({
         get_pos = function() return line, column end,
         get_line = function() return line_contents end,
     }, {
         { tag = "annotate", start_pos = column, end_pos = column, msg = "" },
+        require "cc.internal.error_hints".get_tip(err, thread, frame_offset),
     })
 end
 
 
 return {
+    make_exception = make_exception,
+
+    try_barrier = try_barrier,
+    can_wrap_errors = can_wrap_errors,
+
     try = try,
     report = report,
 }

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/modules/main/cc/internal/syntax/errors.lua

@@ -284,6 +284,23 @@ function errors.wrong_ne(start_pos, end_pos)
     }
 end
 
+--[[- `!` was used instead of `not`.
+
+@tparam number start_pos The start position of the token.
+@tparam number end_pos The end position of the token.
+@return The resulting parse error.
+]]
+function errors.wrong_not(start_pos, end_pos)
+    expect(1, start_pos, "number")
+    expect(2, end_pos, "number")
+
+    return {
+        "Unexpected character.",
+        annotate(start_pos, end_pos),
+        "Tip: Replace this with " .. code("not") .. " to negate a boolean.",
+    }
+end
+
 --[[- An unexpected character was used.
 
 @tparam number pos The position of this character.

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/modules/main/cc/internal/syntax/lexer.lua

@@ -327,6 +327,9 @@ local function lex_token(context, str, pos)
             elseif contents == "!=" or contents == "<>" then
                 context.report(errors.wrong_ne, pos, end_pos)
                 return tokens.NE, end_pos
+            elseif contents == "!" then
+                context.report(errors.wrong_not, pos, end_pos)
+                return tokens.NOT, end_pos
             end
         end
 

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/modules/main/cc/internal/tiny_require.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+-- SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+--
+-- SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+--[[- A minimal implementation of require.
+
+This is intended for use with APIs, and other internal code which is not run in
+the [`shell`] environment. This allows us to avoid some of the overhead of
+loading the full [`cc.require`] module.
+
+> [!DANGER]
+> This is an internal module and SHOULD NOT be used in your own code. It may
+> be removed or changed at any time.
+
+@local
+
+@tparam string name The module to require.
+@return The required module.
+]]
+
+local loaded = {}
+local env = setmetatable({}, { __index = _G })
+local function require(name)
+    local result = loaded[name]
+    if result then return result end
+
+    local path = "rom/modules/main/" .. name:gsub("%.", "/")
+    if fs.exists(path .. ".lua") then
+        result = assert(loadfile(path .. ".lua", nil, env))()
+    else
+        result = assert(loadfile(path .. "/init.lua", nil, env))()
+    end
+    loaded[name] = result
+    return result
+end
+env.require = require
+return require

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/modules/main/cc/strings.lua

@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@
 -- @since 1.95.0
 -- @see textutils For additional string related utilities.
 
-local expect = (require and require("cc.expect") or dofile("rom/modules/main/cc/expect.lua")).expect
+local expect = require("cc.expect")
+local expect, range = expect.expect, expect.range
 
 --[[- Wraps a block of text, so that each line fits within the given width.
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ local function wrap(text, width)
     expect(1, text, "string")
     expect(2, width, "number", "nil")
     width = width or term.getSize()
-
+    range(width, 1)
 
     local lines, lines_n, current_line = {}, 0, ""
     local function push_line()
@@ -109,7 +110,63 @@ local function ensure_width(line, width)
     return line
 end
 
+--[[- Split a string into parts, each separated by a deliminator.
+
+For instance, splitting the string `"a b c"` with the deliminator `" "`, would
+return a table with three strings: `"a"`, `"b"`, and `"c"`.
+
+By default, the deliminator is given as a [Lua pattern][pattern]. Passing `true`
+to the `plain` argument will cause the deliminator to be treated as a litteral
+string.
+
+[pattern]: https://www.lua.org/manual/5.3/manual.html#6.4.1
+
+@tparam string str The string to split.
+@tparam string deliminator The pattern to split this string on.
+@tparam[opt=false] boolean plain Treat the deliminator as a plain string, rather than a pattern.
+@tparam[opt] number limit The maximum number of elements in the returned list.
+@treturn { string... } The list of split strings.
+
+@usage Split a string into words.
+
+    require "cc.strings".split("This is a sentence.", "%s+")
+
+@usage Split a string by "-" into at most 3 elements.
+
+    require "cc.strings".split("a-separated-string-of-sorts", "-", true, 3)
+
+@see table.concat To join strings together.
+
+@since 1.112.0
+]]
+local function split(str, deliminator, plain, limit)
+    expect(1, str, "string")
+    expect(2, deliminator, "string")
+    expect(3, plain, "boolean", "nil")
+    expect(4, limit, "number", "nil")
+
+    local out, out_n, pos = {}, 0, 1
+    while not limit or out_n < limit - 1 do
+        local start, finish = str:find(deliminator, pos, plain)
+        if not start then break end
+
+        out_n = out_n + 1
+        out[out_n] = str:sub(pos, start - 1)
+
+        -- Require us to advance by at least one character.
+        if finish < start then error("separator is empty", 2) end
+
+        pos = finish + 1
+    end
+
+    if pos == 1 then return { str } end
+
+    out[out_n + 1] = str:sub(pos)
+    return out
+end
+
 return {
     wrap = wrap,
     ensure_width = ensure_width,
+    split = split,
 }

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/programs/fun/adventure.lua

@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ local items = {
     },
     ["some planks"] = {
         aliases = { "planks", "wooden planks", "wood planks" },
+        material = true,
         desc = "You could easily craft these planks into sticks.",
     },
     ["some sticks"] = {

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/programs/fun/speaker.lua

@@ -43,14 +43,18 @@ if cmd == "stop" then
     for _, speaker in pairs(get_speakers(name)) do speaker.stop() end
 elseif cmd == "play" then
     local _, file, name = ...
+    if not file then
+        error("Usage: speaker play <file or url> [speaker]", 0)
+    end
+
     local speaker = get_speakers(name)[1]
 
     local handle, err
     if http and file:match("^https?://") then
         print("Downloading...")
-        handle, err = http.get{ url = file, binary = true }
+        handle, err = http.get(file)
     else
-        handle, err = fs.open(file, "rb")
+        handle, err = fs.open(shell.resolve(file), "r")
     end
 
     if not handle then
@@ -128,9 +132,47 @@ elseif cmd == "play" then
     end
 
     handle.close()
+elseif cmd == "sound" then
+    local _, sound, volume, pitch, name = ...
+
+    if not sound then
+        error("Usage: speaker sound <sound> [volume] [pitch] [speaker]", 0)
+        return
+    end
+
+    if volume then
+        volume = tonumber(volume)
+        if not volume then
+            error("Volume must be a number", 0)
+        end
+        if volume < 0 or volume > 3 then
+            error("Volume must be between 0 and 3", 0)
+        end
+    end
+
+    if pitch then
+        pitch = tonumber(pitch)
+        if not pitch then
+            error("Pitch must be a number", 0)
+        end
+        if pitch < 0 or pitch > 2 then
+            error("Pitch must be between 0 and 2", 0)
+        end
+    end
+
+    local speaker = get_speakers(name)[1]
+
+    if speaker.playSound(sound, volume, pitch) then
+        print(("Played sound %q on speaker %q with volume %s and pitch %s."):format(
+            sound, peripheral.getName(speaker), volume or 1, pitch or 1
+        ))
+    else
+        error(("Could not play sound %q"):format(sound), 0)
+    end
 else
     local programName = arg[0] or fs.getName(shell.getRunningProgram())
     print("Usage:")
     print(programName .. " play <file or url> [speaker]")
+    print(programName .. " sound <sound> [volume] [pitch] [speaker]")
     print(programName .. " stop [speaker]")
 end

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/programs/http/pastebin.lua

@@ -56,6 +56,14 @@ local function get(url)
     )
 
     if response then
+        -- If spam protection is activated, we get redirected to /paste with Content-Type: text/html
+        local headers = response.getResponseHeaders()
+        if not headers["Content-Type"] or not headers["Content-Type"]:find("^text/plain") then
+            io.stderr:write("Failed.\n")
+            print("Pastebin blocked the download due to spam protection. Please complete the captcha in a web browser: https://pastebin.com/" .. textutils.urlEncode(paste))
+            return
+        end
+
         print("Success.")
 
         local sResponse = response.readAll()

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/programs/http/wget.lua

@@ -35,13 +35,20 @@ local function getFilename(sUrl)
     return sUrl:match("/([^/]+)$")
 end
 
-local function get(sUrl)
-    write("Connecting to " .. sUrl .. "... ")
+local function get(url)
+    -- Check if the URL is valid
+    local ok, err = http.checkURL(url)
+    if not ok then
+        printError(err or "Invalid URL.")
+        return
+    end
 
-    local response = http.get(sUrl , nil , true)
+    write("Connecting to " .. url .. "... ")
+
+    local response, err = http.get(url)
     if not response then
-        print("Failed.")
-        return nil
+        printError(err)
+        return
     end
 
     print("Success.")

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/programs/lua.lua

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ setmetatable(tEnv, { __index = _ENV })
 do
     local make_package = require "cc.require".make
     local dir = shell.dir()
-    _ENV.require, _ENV.package = make_package(_ENV, dir)
+    tEnv.require, tEnv.package = make_package(tEnv, dir)
 end
 
 if term.isColour() then
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ while running do
             end
         else
             printError(results[2])
-            require "cc.internal.exception".report(results[2], results[3], chunk_map)
+            exception.report(results[2], results[3], chunk_map)
         end
     else
         local parser = require "cc.internal.syntax"

src/main/resources/assets/cctweaked/lua/rom/startup.lua

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ shell.setCompletionFunction("rom/programs/fun/dj.lua", completion.build(
     completion.peripheral
 ))
 shell.setCompletionFunction("rom/programs/fun/speaker.lua", completion.build(
-    { completion.choice, { "play ", "stop " } },
+    { completion.choice, { "play ", "sound ", "stop " } },
     function(shell, text, previous)
         if previous[2] == "play" then return completion.file(shell, text, previous, true)
         elseif previous[2] == "stop" then return completion.peripheral(shell, text, previous, false)