potatOS/src/lib/gps.lua

local expect
if _G["~expect"] then
	expect = _G["~expect"]
else
    local native_select, native_type = select, type
    expect = function(index, value, ...)
        local t = native_type(value)
        for i = 1, native_select("#", ...) do
            if t == native_select(i, ...) then return true end
        end
        local types = table.pack(...)
        for i = types.n, 1, -1 do
            if types[i] == "nil" then table.remove(types, i) end
        end
        local type_names
        if #types <= 1 then
            type_names = tostring(...)
        else
            type_names = table.concat(types, ", ", 1, #types - 1) .. " or " .. types[#types]
        end
        -- If we can determine the function name with a high level of confidence, try to include it.
        local name
        if native_type(debug) == "table" and native_type(debug.getinfo) == "function" then
            local ok, info = pcall(debug.getinfo, 3, "nS")
            if ok and info.name and #info.name ~= "" and info.what ~= "C" then name = info.name end
        end
        if name then
            error( ("bad argument #%d to '%s' (expected %s, got %s)"):format(index, name, type_names, t), 3 )
        else
            error( ("bad argument #%d (expected %s, got %s)"):format(index, type_names, t), 3 )
        end
    end
end

CHANNEL_GPS = 65534

local function trilaterate( A, B, C )
    local a2b = B.vPosition - A.vPosition
    local a2c = C.vPosition - A.vPosition

    if math.abs( a2b:normalize():dot( a2c:normalize() ) ) > 0.999 then
        return nil
    end

    local d = a2b:length()
    local ex = a2b:normalize( )
    local i = ex:dot( a2c )
    local ey = (a2c - ex * i):normalize()
    local j = ey:dot( a2c )
    local ez = ex:cross( ey )

    local r1 = A.nDistance
    local r2 = B.nDistance
    local r3 = C.nDistance

    local x = (r1 * r1 - r2 * r2 + d * d) / (2 * d)
    local y = (r1 * r1 - r3 * r3 - x * x + (x - i) * (x - i) + j * j) / (2 * j)

    local result = A.vPosition + ex * x + ey * y

    local zSquared = r1 * r1 - x * x - y * y
    if zSquared > 0 then
        local z = math.sqrt( zSquared )
        local result1 = result + ez * z
        local result2 = result - ez * z

        local rounded1, rounded2 = result1:round( 0.01 ), result2:round( 0.01 )
        if rounded1.x ~= rounded2.x or rounded1.y ~= rounded2.y or rounded1.z ~= rounded2.z then
            return rounded1, rounded2
        else
            return rounded1
        end
    end
    return result:round( 0.01 )

end

local function narrow( p1, p2, fix )
    local dist1 = math.abs( (p1 - fix.vPosition):length() - fix.nDistance )
    local dist2 = math.abs( (p2 - fix.vPosition):length() - fix.nDistance )

    if math.abs(dist1 - dist2) < 0.01 then
        return p1, p2
    elseif dist1 < dist2 then
        return p1:round( 0.01 )
    else
        return p2:round( 0.01 )
    end
end

function locate( _nTimeout, _bDebug )
    expect(1, _nTimeout, "number", "nil")
    expect(2, _bDebug, "boolean", "nil")
    -- Let command computers use their magic fourth-wall-breaking special abilities
    if commands then
        return commands.getBlockPosition()
    end

    -- Find a modem
    local sModemSide = nil
    for _, sSide in ipairs( rs.getSides() ) do
        if peripheral.getType( sSide ) == "modem" and peripheral.call( sSide, "isWireless" ) then
            sModemSide = sSide
            break
        end
    end

    if sModemSide == nil then
        if _bDebug then
            print( "No wireless modem attached" )
        end
        return nil
    end

    if _bDebug then
        print( "Finding position..." )
    end
    
    -- Open it
    local modem = peripheral.wrap( sModemSide )
    local bCloseChannel = false
    if not modem.isOpen( CHANNEL_GPS ) then
        modem.open( CHANNEL_GPS )
        bCloseChannel = true
    end

    -- Send a ping to listening GPS hosts
    modem.transmit( CHANNEL_GPS, CHANNEL_GPS, "PING" )

    -- Wait for the responses
    local tFixes = {}
    local pos1, pos2, dimension
    local timeout = os.startTimer( _nTimeout or 2 )
    while true do
        local e, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5 = os.pullEvent()
        if e == "modem_message" then
            -- We received a reply from a modem
            local sSide, sChannel, sReplyChannel, tMessage, nDistance = p1, p2, p3, p4, p5
            if sSide == sModemSide and sChannel == CHANNEL_GPS and sReplyChannel == CHANNEL_GPS and nDistance then
                -- Received the correct message from the correct modem: use it to determine position
                if type(tMessage) == "table" and #tMessage == 3 and tonumber(tMessage[1]) and tonumber(tMessage[2]) and tonumber(tMessage[3]) then
                    local tFix = { vPosition = vector.new( tMessage[1], tMessage[2], tMessage[3] ), nDistance = nDistance, dimension = tMessage.dimension }
                    if _bDebug then
						local text = tFix.nDistance .. " metres from " .. tostring(tFix.vPosition)
						if type(tFix.dimension) == "number" or type(tFix.dimension) == "string" then text = text .. " " .. tFix.dimension end
                        print(text)
                    end
                    if tFix.nDistance == 0 then
                        pos1, pos2 = tFix.vPosition, nil
                    else
                        table.insert( tFixes, tFix )
                        if #tFixes >= 3 then
                            if not pos1 then
                                pos1, pos2 = trilaterate( tFixes[1], tFixes[2], tFixes[#tFixes] )
                            else
                                pos1, pos2 = narrow( pos1, pos2, tFixes[#tFixes] )
                            end
                        end
                    end
                    if pos1 and not pos2 then
						local dimension_claims = {}
						for _, fix in pairs(tFixes) do
							if type(fix.dimension) == "string" or type(fix.dimension) == "number" then
								dimension_claims[fix.dimension] = (dimension_claims[fix.dimension] or 0) + 1
							end
						end
						local highest_count = 0
						for dim, count in pairs(dimension_claims) do
							if count > highest_count then
								highest_count = count
								dimension = dim
							end
						end
                        break
                    end
                end
            end

        elseif e == "timer" then
            -- We received a timeout
            local timer = p1
            if timer == timeout then
                break
            end

        end
    end

    -- Close the channel, if we opened one
    if bCloseChannel then
        modem.close( CHANNEL_GPS )
    end

    -- Return the response
    if pos1 and pos2 then
        if _bDebug then
            print( "Ambiguous position" )
            print( "Could be " .. pos1.x .. "," .. pos1.y .. "," .. pos1.z .. " or " .. pos2.x .. "," .. pos2.y .. "," .. pos2.z )
        end
        return nil
    elseif pos1 then
        if _bDebug then
            print( "Position is " .. pos1.x .. "," .. pos1.y .. "," .. pos1.z )
			if dimension then print("Dimension is " .. dimension) end
        end
        return pos1.x, pos1.y, pos1.z, dimension
    else
        if _bDebug then
            print( "Could not determine position" )
        end
        return nil
    end
end