diff --git a/diskann/Cargo.lock b/diskann/Cargo.lock
index f9a41da..370cfdc 100644
--- a/diskann/Cargo.lock
+++ b/diskann/Cargo.lock
@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "foldhash",
  "half",
  "matrixmultiply",
+ "min-max-heap",
  "rayon",
  "rmp-serde",
  "serde",
@@ -228,6 +229,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "rawpointer",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "min-max-heap"
+version = "1.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2687e6cf9c00f48e9284cf9fd15f2ef341d03cc7743abf9df4c5f07fdee50b18"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "mio"
 version = "0.8.11"
diff --git a/diskann/aopq_train.py b/diskann/aopq_train.py
index 03c840e..d0b778f 100644
--- a/diskann/aopq_train.py
+++ b/diskann/aopq_train.py
@@ -11,26 +11,9 @@ output_code_size = 64
 output_code_bits = 8
 output_codebook_size = 2**output_code_bits
 n_dims_per_code = n_dims // output_code_size
-dataset = np.fromfile("embeddings.bin", dtype=np.float16).reshape(-1, n_dims)[:100000].astype(np.float32)
-queryset = np.fromfile("query.bin", dtype=np.float16).reshape(-1, n_dims)[:100000].astype(np.float32)
-device = "cpu"
-
-index = faiss.index_factory(n_dims, "HNSW32,SQfp16", faiss.METRIC_INNER_PRODUCT)
-index.train(queryset)
-index.add(queryset)
-print("index ready")
-
-T = 64
-
-nearby_query_indices = torch.zeros((dataset.shape[0], T), dtype=torch.int32)
-
-SEARCH_BATCH_SIZE = 1024
-
-for i in range(0, len(dataset), SEARCH_BATCH_SIZE):
-    res = index.search(dataset[i:i+SEARCH_BATCH_SIZE], T)
-    nearby_query_indices[i:i+SEARCH_BATCH_SIZE] = torch.tensor(res[1])
-
-print("query indices ready")
+dataset = np.random.permutation(np.fromfile("embeddings.bin", dtype=np.float16).reshape(-1, n_dims)).astype(np.float32)
+queryset = np.random.permutation(np.fromfile("query.bin", dtype=np.float16).reshape(-1, n_dims))[:100000].astype(np.float32)
+device = "cuda"
 
 def pq_assign(centroids, batch):
     quantized = torch.zeros_like(batch)
@@ -47,28 +30,27 @@ def pq_assign(centroids, batch):
 # OOD-DiskANN (https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.12850) uses a more complicated scheme because it uses L2 norm
 # We only care about inner product so our quantization error (wrt a query) is just abs(dot(query, centroid - vector))
 # Directly optimize for this (wrt top queries; it might actually be better to use a random sample instead?)
-def partition(vectors, centroids, projection, opt, queries, nearby_query_indices, k, max_iter=100, batch_size=4096):
+def partition(vectors, centroids, projection, opt, queries, k, max_iter=100, batch_size=4096, query_batch_size=2048):
     n_vectors = len(vectors)
-    perm = torch.randperm(n_vectors, device=device)
+    #perm = torch.randperm(n_vectors, device=device)
 
     t = tqdm.trange(max_iter)
     for iter in t:
         total_loss = 0
         opt.zero_grad(set_to_none=True)
 
+        # randomly sample queries (with replacement, probably fine)
+        queries_for_iteration = queries[torch.randint(0, len(queries), (query_batch_size,), device=device)]
+
         for i in range(0, n_vectors, batch_size):
             loss = torch.tensor(0.0, device=device)
             batch = vectors[i:i+batch_size] @ projection
             quantized = pq_assign(centroids, batch)
             residuals = batch - quantized
 
-            # for each index in our set of nearby queries
-            for j in range(0, nearby_query_indices.shape[1]):
-                queries_for_batch_j = queries[nearby_query_indices[i:i+batch_size, j]]
-                # minimize quantiation error in direction of query, i.e. mean abs(dot(query, centroid - vector))
-                # PyTorch won't do batched dot products cleanly, to spite me. Do componentwise multiplication and reduce.
-                sg_errs = (queries_for_batch_j * residuals).sum(dim=-1)
-                loss += torch.mean(torch.abs(sg_errs))
+            batch_error = queries_for_iteration @ residuals.T
+
+            loss += torch.mean(torch.pow(batch_error, 2))
 
             total_loss += loss.detach().item()
             loss.backward()
@@ -90,10 +72,10 @@ queries = torch.tensor(queryset, device=device)
 perm = torch.randperm(len(vectors), device=device)
 centroids = vectors[perm[:output_codebook_size]]
 centroids.requires_grad = True
-opt = torch.optim.Adam([centroids], lr=0.001)
+opt = torch.optim.Adam([centroids], lr=0.0005)
 for i in range(30):
     # update centroids to minimize query-aware quantization loss
-    partition(vectors, centroids, projection, opt, queries, nearby_query_indices, output_codebook_size, max_iter=8)
+    partition(vectors, centroids, projection, opt, queries, output_codebook_size, max_iter=300)
     # compute new projection as R = VU^T from XY^T = USV^T (SVD)
     # where X is dataset vectors, Y is quantized dataset vectors
     with torch.no_grad():
@@ -102,12 +84,12 @@ for i in range(30):
         u, s, vt = torch.linalg.svd(vectors.T @ y)
         projection = vt.T @ u.T
 
-print("done")
+    with open("opq.msgpack", "wb") as f:
+        msgpack.pack({
+            "centroids": centroids.detach().cpu().numpy().flatten().tolist(),
+            "transform": projection.cpu().numpy().flatten().tolist(),
+            "n_dims_per_code": n_dims_per_code,
+            "n_dims": n_dims
+        }, f)
 
-with open("opq.msgpack", "wb") as f:
-    msgpack.pack({
-        "centroids": centroids.detach().cpu().numpy().flatten().tolist(),
-        "transform": projection.cpu().numpy().flatten().tolist(),
-        "n_dims_per_code": n_dims_per_code,
-        "n_dims": n_dims
-    }, f)
+print("done")
diff --git a/diskann/src/lib.rs b/diskann/src/lib.rs
index 758ca68..fc22b45 100644
--- a/diskann/src/lib.rs
+++ b/diskann/src/lib.rs
@@ -19,20 +19,6 @@ pub struct IndexGraph {
 }
 
 impl IndexGraph {
-    pub fn random_r_regular(rng: &mut Rng, n: usize, r: usize, capacity: usize) -> Self {
-        let mut graph = Vec::with_capacity(n);
-        for _ in 0..n {
-            let mut adjacency = Vec::with_capacity(capacity);
-            for _ in 0..r {
-                adjacency.push(rng.u32(0..(n as u32)));
-            }
-            graph.push(RwLock::new(adjacency));
-        }
-        IndexGraph {
-            graph
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn empty(n: usize, capacity: usize) -> IndexGraph {
         let mut graph = Vec::with_capacity(n);
         for _ in 0..n {
@@ -57,7 +43,8 @@ pub struct IndexBuildConfig {
     pub r: usize,
     pub l: usize,
     pub maxc: usize,
-    pub alpha: i64
+    pub alpha: i64,
+    pub saturate_graph: bool
 }
 
 
@@ -79,6 +66,7 @@ pub fn medioid(vecs: &VectorList) -> u32 {
 
 // neighbours list sorted by score descending
 // TODO: this may actually be an awful datastructure
+// we could also have a heap of unvisited things, but the algorithm's stopping condition cares about visited things, and this is probably still the easiest way
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct NeighbourBuffer {
     pub ids: Vec<u32>,
@@ -244,8 +232,9 @@ fn robust_prune(scratch: &mut Scratch, p: u32, neigh: &mut Vec<u32>, vecs: &Vect
     let mut candidate_index = 0;
     while neigh.len() < config.r && candidate_index < candidates.len() {
         let p_star = candidates[candidate_index].0;
+        let p_star_score = candidates[candidate_index].1;
         candidate_index += 1;
-        if p_star == p || p_star == u32::MAX {
+        if p_star == p || p_star_score == i64::MIN {
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -256,7 +245,7 @@ fn robust_prune(scratch: &mut Scratch, p: u32, neigh: &mut Vec<u32>, vecs: &Vect
         // mark remaining candidates as not-to-be-used if "not much better than" current candidate
         for i in (candidate_index+1)..candidates.len() {
             let p_prime = candidates[i].0;
-            if p_prime != u32::MAX {
+            if candidates[i].1 != i64::MIN {
                 scratch.robust_prune_scratch_buffer.push((i, p_prime));
             }
         }
@@ -268,7 +257,18 @@ fn robust_prune(scratch: &mut Scratch, p: u32, neigh: &mut Vec<u32>, vecs: &Vect
             let alpha_times_p_star_prime_score = (config.alpha * p_star_prime_score) >> 16;
 
             if alpha_times_p_star_prime_score >= p_prime_p_score {
-                candidates[ci].0 = u32::MAX;
+                candidates[ci].1 = i64::MIN;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if config.saturate_graph {
+        for &(id, _score) in candidates.iter() {
+            if neigh.len() == config.r {
+                return;
+            }
+            if !neigh.contains(&id) {
+                neigh.push(id);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ pub fn project_bipartite(rng: &mut Rng, graph: &mut IndexGraph, query_knns: &Vec
     })
 }
 
-pub fn augment_bipartite(rng: &mut Rng, graph: &mut IndexGraph, query_knns: Vec<Vec<u32>>, query_knns_bwd: Vec<Vec<u32>>, config: IndexBuildConfig) {
+pub fn augment_bipartite(rng: &mut Rng, graph: &mut IndexGraph, query_knns: Vec<Vec<u32>>, query_knns_bwd: Vec<Vec<u32>>, config: IndexBuildConfig, max_iters: usize) {
     let mut sigmas: Vec<u32> = (0..(graph.graph.len() as u32)).collect();
     rng.shuffle(&mut sigmas);
 
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ pub fn augment_bipartite(rng: &mut Rng, graph: &mut IndexGraph, query_knns: Vec<
     sigmas.into_par_iter().for_each_init(|| rng.lock().unwrap().fork(), |rng, sigma_i| {
         let mut neighbours = graph.out_neighbours_mut(sigma_i);
         let mut i = 0;
-        while neighbours.len() < config.r && i < 100 {
+        while neighbours.len() < config.r && i < max_iters {
             let query_neighbour = *rng.choice(&query_knns[sigma_i as usize]).unwrap();
             let projected_neighbour = *rng.choice(&query_knns_bwd[query_neighbour as usize]).unwrap();
             if !neighbours.contains(&projected_neighbour) {
diff --git a/diskann/src/main.rs b/diskann/src/main.rs
index ba3208a..90a4eb8 100644
--- a/diskann/src/main.rs
+++ b/diskann/src/main.rs
@@ -52,7 +52,14 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
     let vecs = {
         let _timer = Timer::new("loaded vectors");
 
-        &load_file("query.bin", Some(D_EMB * n))?
+        &load_file("real.bin", None)?
+    };
+
+    println!("{} vectors", vecs.len());
+
+    let queries = {
+        let _timer = Timer::new("loaded queries");
+        &load_file("../query5.bin", None)?
     };
 
     let (graph, medioid) = {
@@ -63,9 +70,12 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
             l: 192,
             maxc: 750,
             alpha: 65200,
+            saturate_graph: false
         };
 
-        let mut graph = IndexGraph::random_r_regular(&mut rng, vecs.len(), config.r, config.r_cap);
+        let mut graph = IndexGraph::empty(vecs.len(), config.r);
+
+        random_fill_graph(&mut rng, &mut graph, config.r);
 
         let medioid = medioid(&vecs);
 
@@ -92,9 +102,10 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
 
     let mut config = IndexBuildConfig {
         r: 64,
-        l: 50,
+        l: 200,
         alpha: 65536,
         maxc: 0,
+        saturate_graph: false
     };
 
     let mut scratch = Scratch::new(config);
@@ -112,8 +123,8 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
 
     let end = time.elapsed();
 
-    println!("recall@1: {} ({}/{})", recall as f32 / n as f32, recall, n);
-    println!("cmps: {} ({}/{})", cmps_ctr as f32 / n as f32, cmps_ctr, n);
+    println!("recall@1: {} ({}/{})", recall as f32 / vecs.len() as f32, recall, vecs.len());
+    println!("cmps: {} ({}/{})", cmps_ctr as f32 / vecs.len() as f32, cmps_ctr, vecs.len());
     println!("median comparisons: {}", cmps[cmps.len() / 2]);
     //println!("brute force recall@1: {} ({}/{})", brute_force_recall as f32 / brute_force_queries as f32, brute_force_recall, brute_force_queries);
     println!("{} QPS", n as f32 / end.as_secs_f32());
diff --git a/src/common.rs b/src/common.rs
index 8205264..da0cd8b 100644
--- a/src/common.rs
+++ b/src/common.rs
@@ -176,7 +176,8 @@ pub mod index_config {
         r: 40,
         l: 200,
         maxc: 900,
-        alpha: 65200
+        alpha: 65200,
+        saturate_graph: false
     };
 
     pub const PROJECTION_CUT_POINT: usize = 3;
diff --git a/src/dump_processor.rs b/src/dump_processor.rs
index c199090..6669a89 100644
--- a/src/dump_processor.rs
+++ b/src/dump_processor.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use simsimd::SpatialSimilarity;
 use std::hash::Hasher;
 use foldhash::{HashSet, HashSetExt};
+use std::os::unix::prelude::FileExt;
 
 use diskann::vector::{scale_dot_result_f64, ProductQuantizer};
 
@@ -160,15 +161,29 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
     let (mut queries_index, max_query_id) = if let Some(queries_file) = args.queries {
         println!("constructing index");
         // not memory-efficient but this is small
-        let data = fs::read(queries_file).context("read queries file")?;
+        let mut file = fs::File::open(queries_file).context("read queries file")?;
+        let mut size = file.metadata()?.len();
         //let mut index = faiss::index_factory(D_EMB, "HNSW32,SQfp16", faiss::MetricType::InnerProduct)?;
-        let mut index = faiss::index_factory(D_EMB, "HNSW32,SQfp16", faiss::MetricType::InnerProduct)?;
+        let mut index = faiss::index_factory(D_EMB, "HNSW64,SQ8", faiss::MetricType::InnerProduct)?;
         //let mut index = faiss::index_factory(D_EMB, "IVF4096,SQfp16", faiss::MetricType::InnerProduct)?;
-        let unpacked = common::decode_fp16_buffer(&data);
-        index.train(&unpacked)?;
-        index.add(&unpacked)?;
+        let mut buf = vec![0; (D_EMB as usize) * (1<<18)];
+        loop {
+            if size == 0 {
+                break;
+            }
+            if size < (buf.len() as u64) {
+                buf.resize(size as usize, 0);
+            }
+            file.read_exact(&mut buf)?;
+            size -= buf.len() as u64;
+            let unpacked = common::decode_fp16_buffer(&buf);
+            if !index.is_trained() { index.train(&unpacked)?; print!("train"); }
+            index.add(&unpacked)?;
+            print!(".");
+        }
         println!("done");
-        (Some(index), unpacked.len() / D_EMB as usize)
+        let ntotal = index.ntotal();
+        (Some(index), ntotal as usize)
     } else {
         (None, 0)
     };
@@ -266,14 +281,16 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
                 let shard = shard as usize;
                 // this random access is almost certainly rather slow
                 // parallelize?
-                files[shard].1.seek(SeekFrom::Start(offset))?;
                 let mut buf = vec![0; len as usize];
-                files[shard].1.read_exact(&mut buf)?;
-                let mut s: Vec<u32> = bytemuck::allocation::pod_collect_to_vec(&*buf);
-                for within_shard_id in s.iter_mut() {
-                    *within_shard_id = shard_id_mappings[shard].1[*within_shard_id as usize];
+
+                files[shard].1.read_exact_at(&mut buf, offset)?;
+                let s: &[u32] = bytemuck::cast_slice(&mut *buf);
+                for within_shard_id in s.iter() {
+                    let global_id = shard_id_mappings[shard].1[*within_shard_id as usize];
+                    if !out_vertices.contains(&global_id) {
+                        out_vertices.push(global_id);
+                    }
                 }
-                out_vertices.extend(s.iter().unique());
             }
 
             Ok((out_vertices, shards))
@@ -422,7 +439,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
             let codes = quantizer.quantize_batch(&batch_embeddings);
 
             for (i, (x, _embedding)) in batch.into_iter().enumerate() {
-                let (vertices, shards) = read_out_vertices(count)?; // TODO: could parallelize this given the batching
+                let (vertices, shards) = read_out_vertices(count + i as u32)?; // TODO: could parallelize this given the batching
                 let mut entry = PackedIndexEntry {
                     id: count + i as u32,
                     vertices,
diff --git a/src/generate_index_shard.rs b/src/generate_index_shard.rs
index 24a52c2..2106558 100644
--- a/src/generate_index_shard.rs
+++ b/src/generate_index_shard.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::collections::BinaryHeap;
 use std::io::{BufReader, BufWriter, Write};
 use std::fs;
 use rmp_serde::decode::{Error as DecodeError, from_read};
-use diskann::{augment_bipartite, build_graph, project_bipartite, random_fill_graph, vector::{dot, VectorList, scale_dot_result}, IndexBuildConfig, IndexGraph, Timer, report_degrees};
+use diskann::{augment_bipartite, build_graph, project_bipartite, random_fill_graph, vector::{dot, VectorList, scale_dot_result}, IndexBuildConfig, IndexGraph, Timer, report_degrees, medioid};
 use half::f16;
 
 mod common;
@@ -101,9 +101,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
 
     report_degrees(&graph);
 
-    let medioid = vecs.iter().position_max_by_key(|&v| {
-        dot(v, &centroid_fp16)
-    }).unwrap() as u32;
+    let medioid = medioid(&vecs);
 
     {
         let _timer = Timer::new("first pass");
diff --git a/src/query_disk_index.rs b/src/query_disk_index.rs
index 41b8469..8ddbe22 100644
--- a/src/query_disk_index.rs
+++ b/src/query_disk_index.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use anyhow::{bail, Context, Result};
 use diskann::vector::scale_dot_result_f64;
 use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};
 use std::io::{BufReader, Read, Seek, SeekFrom, Write};
+use std::os::unix::prelude::FileExt;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::fs;
 use base64::Engine;
@@ -31,15 +32,16 @@ struct CLIArguments {
     verbose: bool,
     #[argh(option, short='n', description="stop at n queries")]
     n: Option<usize>,
+    #[argh(option, short='L', description="search list size")]
+    search_list_size: Option<usize>,
     #[argh(switch, description="always use full-precision vectors (slow)")]
     disable_pq: bool
 }
 
 fn read_node(id: u32, data_file: &mut fs::File, header: &IndexHeader) -> Result<PackedIndexEntry> {
     let offset = id as usize * header.record_pad_size;
-    data_file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(offset as u64))?;
     let mut buf = vec![0; header.record_pad_size as usize];
-    data_file.read_exact(&mut buf)?;
+    data_file.read_exact_at(&mut buf, offset as u64)?;
     let len = u16::from_le_bytes(buf[0..2].try_into().unwrap()) as usize;
     Ok(bitcode::decode(&buf[2..len+2])?)
 }
@@ -117,9 +119,11 @@ fn summary_stats(ranks: &mut [usize]) {
     ranks.sort_unstable();
     let median = ranks[ranks.len() / 2] + 1;
     let harmonic_mean = ranks.iter().map(|x| 1.0 / ((x+1) as f64)).sum::<f64>() / ranks.len() as f64;
-    println!("median {} mean {} max {} min {} harmonic mean {}", median, mean, ranks[ranks.len() - 1] + 1, ranks[0] + 1, 1.0 / harmonic_mean);
+    println!("median {} mean {:.2} max {} min {} harmonic mean {:.2}", median, mean, ranks[ranks.len() - 1] + 1, ranks[0] + 1, 1.0 / harmonic_mean);
 }
 
+const K: usize = 20;
+
 fn main() -> Result<()> {
     let args: CLIArguments = argh::from_env();
 
@@ -150,8 +154,11 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
 
     println!("{} items {} dead {} shards", header.count, header.dead_count, header.shards.len());
 
-    let mut top_20_ranks_best_shard = vec![];
+    let mut top_k_ranks_best_shard = vec![];
     let mut top_rank_best_shard = vec![];
+    let mut pq_cmps = vec![];
+    let mut cmps = vec![];
+    let mut recall_total = 0;
 
     for query_vector in queries.iter() {
         let query_vector_fp32 = query_vector.iter().map(|x| x.to_f32()).collect::<Vec<f32>>();
@@ -183,55 +190,68 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
             println!("brute force: {} {} {} {:?}", id, distance, url, shards);
         }*/
 
-        let mut top_ranks = vec![usize::MAX; 20];
+        let mut top_ranks = vec![usize::MAX; K];
 
         for shard in 0..header.shards.len() {
             let selected_start = header.shards[shard].1;
 
             let mut scratch = Scratch {
                 visited: HashSet::new(),
-                neighbour_buffer: NeighbourBuffer::new(300),
+                neighbour_buffer: NeighbourBuffer::new(args.search_list_size.unwrap_or(1000)),
                 neighbour_pre_buffer: Vec::new(),
                 visited_list: Vec::new()
             };
 
             //let query_vector = diskann::vector::quantize(&query_vector, &header.quantizer, &mut rng);
-            let cmps = greedy_search(&mut scratch, selected_start, &query_vector, &query_preprocessed, IndexRef {
+            let cmps_result = greedy_search(&mut scratch, selected_start, &query_vector, &query_preprocessed, IndexRef {
                 data_file: &mut data_file,
                 header: &header,
                 pq_codes: &pq_codes,
                 pq_code_size: header.quantizer.n_dims / header.quantizer.n_dims_per_code,
             }, args.disable_pq)?;
 
+            // slightly dubious because this is across shards
+            pq_cmps.push(cmps_result.1);
+            cmps.push(cmps_result.0);
+
             if args.verbose {
                 println!("index scan {}: {:?} cmps", shard, cmps);
             }
 
             scratch.visited_list.sort_by_key(|x| -x.1);
             for (i, (id, distance, url, shards)) in scratch.visited_list.iter().take(20).enumerate() {
-                if args.verbose {
-                    println!("index scan: {} {} {} {:?}", id, distance, url, shards);
-                };
                 let found_id = match matches.binary_search(&(*id, 0)) {
                     Ok(pos) => pos,
                     Err(pos) => pos
                 };
                 if args.verbose {
-                    println!("rank {}", matches[found_id].1);
+                    println!("index scan: {} {} {} {:?}; rank {}", id, distance, url, shards, matches[found_id].1 + 1);
                 };
                 top_ranks[i] = std::cmp::min(top_ranks[i], matches[found_id].1);
             }
             if args.verbose { println!("") }
         }
 
+        // results list is always correctly sorted
+        for &rank in top_ranks.iter() {
+            if rank < K {
+                recall_total += 1;
+            }
+        }
+
         top_rank_best_shard.push(top_ranks[0]);
-        top_20_ranks_best_shard.extend(top_ranks);
+        top_k_ranks_best_shard.extend(top_ranks);
     }
 
     println!("ranks of top 20:");
-    summary_stats(&mut top_20_ranks_best_shard);
+    summary_stats(&mut top_k_ranks_best_shard);
     println!("ranks of top 1:");
     summary_stats(&mut top_rank_best_shard);
+    println!("pq comparisons:");
+    summary_stats(&mut pq_cmps);
+    println!("comparisons:");
+    summary_stats(&mut cmps);
+    println!("recall@{}: {}", K, recall_total as f64 / (K * queries.len()) as f64);
 
     Ok(())
 }