diff --git a/archimedean.cpp b/archimedean.cpp
index fcc8ce72..4368cc7b 100644
--- a/archimedean.cpp
+++ b/archimedean.cpp
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ struct hrmap_archimedean : hrmap {
   
   void draw() {
     dq::visited.clear();
-    dq::enqueue(viewctr.at, cview());
+    dq::enqueue(centerover->master, cview());
     
     while(!dq::drawqueue.empty()) {
       auto& p = dq::drawqueue.front();
diff --git a/asonov.cpp b/asonov.cpp
index 98c8733d..ed81654a 100644
--- a/asonov.cpp
+++ b/asonov.cpp
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ struct hrmap_asonov : hrmap {
   void draw() override {
     dq::visited_by_matrix.clear();
 
-    dq::enqueue_by_matrix(viewctr.at, cview());
+    dq::enqueue_by_matrix(centerover->master, cview());
     
     while(!dq::drawqueue.empty()) {
       auto& p = dq::drawqueue.front();
diff --git a/basegraph.cpp b/basegraph.cpp
index ea82f4a0..412e48ee 100644
--- a/basegraph.cpp
+++ b/basegraph.cpp
@@ -13,16 +13,12 @@ EX int fontscale = 100;
 #if HDR
 /** configuration of the current view */
 struct display_data {
-  /** This specifies the heptagon the view is currently centered on. 
-   *  Unused in masterless tilings -- precise_center is used there.
-   */
-  heptspin view_center;
-  /** The current rotation, relative to viewctr. */
+  /** The cell which is currently in the center. */
+  cell *precise_center;
+  /** The current rotation, relative to precise_center. */
   transmatrix view_matrix;
   /** The view relative to the player character. */
   transmatrix player_matrix;
-  /** The cell which is precisely in the center. */
-  cellwalker precise_center;
   /** On-screen coordinates for all the visible cells. */
   unordered_map<cell*, transmatrix> cellmatrices, old_cellmatrices;
   /** Position of the current map view, relative to the screen (0 to 1). */
@@ -53,7 +49,6 @@ struct display_data {
 
 #define View (current_display->view_matrix)
 #define cwtV (current_display->player_matrix)
-#define viewctr (current_display->view_center)
 #define centerover (current_display->precise_center)
 #define gmatrix (current_display->cellmatrices)
 #define gmatrix0 (current_display->old_cellmatrices)
diff --git a/bigstuff.cpp b/bigstuff.cpp
index 5dc59e2a..a5058b1a 100644
--- a/bigstuff.cpp
+++ b/bigstuff.cpp
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ EX heptagon *createAlternateMap(cell *c, int rad, hstate firststate, int special
   alt->emeraldval = 0;
   alt->zebraval = 0;
   alt->distance = 0;
-  alt->fieldval = hybrid::current_view_level;
+  alt->fieldval = hybrid::get_where(centerover).second;
   alt->c7 = NULL;
   alt->alt = alt;
   h->alt = alt;
diff --git a/binary-tiling.cpp b/binary-tiling.cpp
index b5e464de..c75c7dde 100644
--- a/binary-tiling.cpp
+++ b/binary-tiling.cpp
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ EX namespace binary {
 
     void draw() override {
       dq::visited.clear();
-      dq::enqueue(viewctr.at, cview());
+      dq::enqueue(centerover->master, cview());
       
       while(!dq::drawqueue.empty()) {
         auto& p = dq::drawqueue.front();
diff --git a/celldrawer.cpp b/celldrawer.cpp
index c5bbf91b..77515030 100644
--- a/celldrawer.cpp
+++ b/celldrawer.cpp
@@ -1525,9 +1525,9 @@ void celldrawer::draw_features_and_walls_3d() {
         b = !isWall3(c->move(a), dummy);
       if(b) {
         if(pmodel == mdPerspective && !sphere && !quotient && !penrose && !nonisotropic && !hybri && !experimental && !nih) {
-          if(a < 4 && among(geometry, gHoroTris, gBinary3) && celldistAlt(c) >= celldistAlt(viewcenter())) continue;
-          else if(a < 2 && among(geometry, gHoroRec) && celldistAlt(c) >= celldistAlt(viewcenter())) continue;
-          else if(c->move(a)->master->distance > c->master->distance && c->master->distance > viewctr.at->distance && !quotient) continue;
+          if(a < 4 && among(geometry, gHoroTris, gBinary3) && celldistAlt(c) >= celldistAlt(centerover)) continue;
+          else if(a < 2 && among(geometry, gHoroRec) && celldistAlt(c) >= celldistAlt(centerover)) continue;
+          else if(c->move(a)->master->distance > c->master->distance && c->master->distance > centerover->master->distance && !quotient) continue;
           }
         else if(sol && in_perspective() && !nih && !asonov::in()) {
           ld b = vid.binary_width * log(2) / 2;
@@ -1725,15 +1725,6 @@ void celldrawer::bookkeeping() {
     mouseover2 = c;
     }
 
-  if(!masterless) {
-    double dfc = euclid ? intval(tC0(V), C0) : V[LDIM][LDIM];
-  
-    if(dfc < centdist) {
-      centdist = dfc;
-      centerover = cw;
-      }
-    }
-  
   int orbrange = (items[itRevolver] ? 3 : 2);
   
   if(c->cpdist <= orbrange) if(multi::players > 1 || multi::alwaysuse) 
diff --git a/control.cpp b/control.cpp
index 7f68fbf7..16c6e39b 100644
--- a/control.cpp
+++ b/control.cpp
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ EX movedir mousedest;
 EX ld shiftmul = 1;
 
 EX cell *mouseover, *mouseover2, *lmouseover;
-EX ld modist, modist2, centdist;
+EX ld modist, modist2;
 
 EX int lastt;
 
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ EX void handleKeyNormal(int sym, int uni) {
 
   if(DEFAULTNOR(sym)) {
     gmodekeys(sym, uni);
-    if(uni == 'm' && canmove && (centerover == cwt ? mouseover : centerover.at))
+    if(uni == 'm' && canmove && (centerover == cwt.at ? mouseover : centerover))
       performMarkCommand(mouseover);
     }
   
@@ -440,11 +440,12 @@ EX void handleKeyNormal(int sym, int uni) {
     if((sym == SDLK_DELETE || sym == SDLK_KP_PERIOD || sym == 'g') && uni != 'G' && uni != 'G'-64) 
       movepcto(MD_DROP, 1);
     if(sym == 't' && uni != 'T' && uni != 'T'-64 && canmove) {
+      cell *target = GDIM == 3 ? mouseover : centerover;
       if(playermoved && items[itStrongWind]) { 
         cell *c = whirlwind::jumpDestination(cwt.at);
-        if(c) centerover.at = c;
+        if(c) target = c;
         }
-      targetRangedOrb(GDIM == 3 ? mouseover : centerover.at, roKeyboard);
+      targetRangedOrb(target, roKeyboard);
       sym = 0; uni = 0;
       }
     }
diff --git a/crystal.cpp b/crystal.cpp
index 8a21a8d3..dc5c5886 100644
--- a/crystal.cpp
+++ b/crystal.cpp
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ struct hrmap_crystal : hrmap_standard {
     // for(int i=0; i<S6; i++) queuepoly(ggmatrix(cwt.at), shWall3D[i], 0xFF0000FF);
     
     dq::visited_by_matrix.clear();
-    dq::enqueue_by_matrix(viewctr.at, cview());
+    dq::enqueue_by_matrix(centerover->master, cview());
     
     while(!dq::drawqueue.empty()) {
       auto& p = dq::drawqueue.front();
diff --git a/debug.cpp b/debug.cpp
index 3d7ef912..096e83c8 100644
--- a/debug.cpp
+++ b/debug.cpp
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ EX void viewall() {
 
 /** launch a debugging screen, and continue normal working only after this screen is closed */
 EX void modalDebug(cell *c) {
-  viewctr.at = c->master;
+  centerover = c; View = Id;
   if(noGUI) {
     fprintf(stderr, "fatal: modalDebug called on %p without GUI\n", c);
     exit(1);
diff --git a/euclid.cpp b/euclid.cpp
index f0a1ff0e..e9d90d06 100644
--- a/euclid.cpp
+++ b/euclid.cpp
@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ EX namespace euclid3 {
 
     void draw() override {
       dq::visited_by_matrix.clear();
-      dq::enqueue_by_matrix(viewctr.at, cview());
+      dq::enqueue_by_matrix(centerover->master, cview());
       
       while(!dq::drawqueue.empty()) {
         auto& p = dq::drawqueue.front();
@@ -1220,10 +1220,9 @@ EX ld matrixnorm(const transmatrix& Mat) {
 void hrmap_euclid_any::draw() {
   DEBB(DF_GRAPH, ("drawEuclidean\n"));
   sphereflip = Id;
-  if(!centerover.at) centerover = cwt;
   // printf("centerover = %p player = %p [%d,%d]-[%d,%d]\n", lcenterover, cwt.c,
   //   mindx, mindy, maxdx, maxdy);
-  int pvec = cellwalker_to_vec(centerover);
+  int pvec = cellwalker_to_vec(cellwalker(centerover));
   
   typedef pair<int, int> euspot;
   
@@ -1232,7 +1231,6 @@ void hrmap_euclid_any::draw() {
   set<euspot> visited = {zero};
   vector<euspot> dfs = {zero};
 
-  ld centerd = matrixnorm(View);
   auto View0 = cview();
   
   for(int i=0; i<isize(dfs); i++) {
@@ -1245,11 +1243,6 @@ void hrmap_euclid_any::draw() {
     torusconfig::torus_cx = dx;
     torusconfig::torus_cy = dy;
 
-    if(true) {
-      ld locald = matrixnorm(Mat);
-      if(locald < centerd) centerd = locald, centerover = cw, View = inverse(actual_view_transform) * Mat;
-      }
-
     if(do_draw(cw.at, Mat)) {
       drawcell(cw, cw.mirrored ? Mat * spin(-2*M_PI*cw.spin / cw.at->type) * Mirror : Mat);
       for(int x=-1; x<=+1; x++)
diff --git a/game.cpp b/game.cpp
index dc7f575e..88296c65 100644
--- a/game.cpp
+++ b/game.cpp
@@ -3062,7 +3062,7 @@ EX int pathlock = 0;
 
 EX void compute_graphical_distance() {
   if(pathlock) { printf("path error: compute_graphical_distance\n"); }
-  cell *c1 = centerover.at ? centerover.at : pd_from ? pd_from : cwt.at;
+  cell *c1 = centerover ? centerover : pd_from ? pd_from : cwt.at;
   int sr = get_sightrange_ambush();
   if(pd_from == c1 && pd_range == sr) return;
   clear_pathdata();
diff --git a/geometry2.cpp b/geometry2.cpp
index e6d4e215..4ecb22a2 100644
--- a/geometry2.cpp
+++ b/geometry2.cpp
@@ -157,14 +157,14 @@ transmatrix hrmap_standard::relative_matrix(cell *c2, cell *c1, const hyperpoint
 EX transmatrix &ggmatrix(cell *c) {
   transmatrix& t = gmatrix[c];
   if(t[LDIM][LDIM] == 0) {
-    if(euwrap && centerover.at && masterless) 
-      t = calc_relative_matrix(c, centerover.at, C0);
+    if(euwrap && centerover && masterless) 
+      t = calc_relative_matrix(c, centerover, C0);
     else if(masterless && WDIM == 2) {
-      if(!centerover.at) centerover = cwt;
-      t = View * eumove(cell_to_vec(c) - cellwalker_to_vec(centerover));
+      if(!centerover) centerover = cwt.at;
+      t = View * eumove(cell_to_vec(c) - cellwalker_to_vec(cellwalker(centerover)));
       }
     else 
-      t = actualV(viewctr, actual_view_transform * View) * calc_relative_matrix(c, viewcenter(), C0);
+      t = calc_relative_matrix(c, centerover, C0);
     }
   return t;
   }
diff --git a/graph.cpp b/graph.cpp
index 8eb30348..19017910 100644
--- a/graph.cpp
+++ b/graph.cpp
@@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ EX bool drawItemType(eItem it, cell *c, const transmatrix& V, color_t icol, int
   
   if(GDIM == 3 && mapeditor::drawUserShape(V, mapeditor::sgItem, it, darkena(icol, 0, 0xFF), c)) return false;
     
-  if(WDIM == 3 && c == viewcenter() && in_perspective() && hdist0(tC0(V)) < cgi.orbsize * 0.25) return false;
+  if(WDIM == 3 && c == centerover && in_perspective() && hdist0(tC0(V)) < cgi.orbsize * 0.25) return false;
 
   transmatrix Vit = V;
   if(GDIM == 3 && WDIM == 2 && c && it != itBabyTortoise) Vit = mscale(V, cgi.STUFF);
@@ -4068,8 +4068,8 @@ EX void drawMarkers() {
 #endif
 
     #if CAP_QUEUE
-    if(centerover.at && !playermoved && m && !anims::any_animation() && WDIM == 2)
-      queuecircleat(centerover.at, .70 - .06 * sintick(200), 
+    if(centerover && !playermoved && m && !anims::any_animation() && WDIM == 2)
+      queuecircleat(centerover, .70 - .06 * sintick(200), 
         darkena(int(175 + 25 * sintick(200)), 0, 0xFF));
 
     if(multi::players > 1 || multi::alwaysuse) for(int i=0; i<numplayers(); i++) {
@@ -4311,8 +4311,8 @@ EX void make_actual_view() {
   if(GDIM == 3) {
     ld max = WDIM == 2 ? vid.camera : vid.yshift;
     if(max) {
-      transmatrix Start = inverse(actualV(viewctr, actual_view_transform * View));
-      ld d = wall_radar(viewcenter(), Start, nisot::local_perspective, max);
+      transmatrix Start = inverse(actual_view_transform * View);
+      ld d = wall_radar(centerover, Start, nisot::local_perspective, max);
       actual_view_transform = get_shift_view_of(ztangent(d), actual_view_transform * View) * inverse(View); 
       }
     camera_level = asin_auto(tC0(inverse(actual_view_transform * View))[2]);
@@ -4349,7 +4349,7 @@ EX transmatrix cview() {
 
 EX void precise_mouseover() {
   if(WDIM == 3) { 
-    mouseover2 = mouseover = viewcenter();
+    mouseover2 = mouseover = centerover;
     ld best = HUGE_VAL;
     hyperpoint h = direct_exp(lp_iapply(ztangent(0.01)), 100);
 
@@ -4481,9 +4481,6 @@ EX void drawthemap() {
 
   compute_graphical_distance();
 
-  centdist = 1e20; 
-  if(!masterless) centerover.at = NULL; 
-
   for(int i=0; i<multi::players; i++) {
     multi::ccdist[i] = 1e20; multi::ccat[i] = NULL;
     }
@@ -4794,7 +4791,7 @@ EX void gamescreen(int _darken) {
     if(racing::on) return;
     // create the gmatrix
     View = subscreens::player_displays[0].view_matrix;
-    viewctr = subscreens::player_displays[0].view_center;
+    centerover = subscreens::player_displays[0].precise_center;
     just_gmatrix = true;
     currentmap->draw();
     just_gmatrix = false;
@@ -5042,14 +5039,7 @@ EX void restartGraph() {
   View = Id;
   if(!autocheat) linepatterns::clearAll();
   if(currentmap) {
-    if(masterless) {
-      centerover = vec_to_cellwalker(0);
-      }
-    else {
-      viewctr.at = currentmap->getOrigin();
-      viewctr.spin = 0;
-      viewctr.mirrored = false;
-      }
+    centerover = currentmap->gamestart();
     if(sphere) View = spin(-M_PI/2);
     }
   }
@@ -5062,7 +5052,7 @@ EX void clearAnimations() {
   
 auto graphcm = addHook(clearmemory, 0, [] () {
   DEBBI(DF_MEMORY, ("clear graph memory"));
-  mouseover = centerover.at = lmouseover = NULL;  
+  mouseover = centerover = lmouseover = NULL;  
   gmatrix.clear(); gmatrix0.clear();
   clearAnimations();
   })
@@ -5197,18 +5187,12 @@ EX void drawBug(const cellwalker& cw, color_t col) {
 #endif
   }
 
-EX cell *viewcenter() {
-  if(masterless) return centerover.at;
-  else if(hybri) return hybrid::get_at(viewctr.at->c7, hybrid::current_view_level);
-  else return viewctr.at->c7;
-  }
-
 EX bool inscreenrange(cell *c) {
   if(sphere) return true;
-  if(euclid) return celldistance(viewcenter(), c) <= get_sightrange_ambush();
+  if(euclid) return celldistance(centerover, c) <= get_sightrange_ambush();
   if(nonisotropic) return gmatrix.count(c);
   if(geometry == gCrystal344) return gmatrix.count(c);
-  return heptdistance(viewcenter(), c) <= 8;
+  return heptdistance(centerover, c) <= 8;
   }
 
 #if MAXMDIM >= 4
diff --git a/help.cpp b/help.cpp
index 5d800071..ba0362e6 100644
--- a/help.cpp
+++ b/help.cpp
@@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ EX hookset<void(cell*)> *hooks_mouseover;
 EX void describeMouseover() {
   DEBBI(DF_GRAPH, ("describeMouseover"));
 
-  cell *c = mousing ? mouseover : playermoved ? NULL : centerover.at;
+  cell *c = mousing ? mouseover : playermoved ? NULL : centerover;
   string& out = mouseovers;
   if(!c || instat || getcstat != '-') { }
   else if(c->wall != waInvisibleFloor) {
diff --git a/history.cpp b/history.cpp
index 724191a1..41fe5abd 100644
--- a/history.cpp
+++ b/history.cpp
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ EX namespace history {
     }
   
   EX void create_recenter_to_view(bool precise) {
-    cell *c = centerover.at ? centerover.at : cwt.at;
+    cell *c = centerover ? centerover : cwt.at;
     create(path_for_lineanimation[0], c, precise ? inverse(ggmatrix(c)) : Id);
     }
   
@@ -271,10 +271,9 @@ EX namespace history {
     if(ph<0) ph = 0;
     if(ph >= siz-1) ph = siz-2;
     
-    heptagon *old = viewctr.at;
+    cell *old = centerover;
     
-    viewctr.at = v[ph]->base->master;
-    viewctr.spin = 0;
+    centerover = v[ph]->base;
     
     ld angle = 0;
     if(WDIM == 3) {
@@ -294,8 +293,8 @@ EX namespace history {
       View = models::rotmatrix() * View;
       }
     else {
-      if(celldistance(v[ph]->base, old->c7) <= 2) {
-        hyperpoint h1 = View * currentmap->relative_matrix(old, viewctr.at) * hpxy3(1,2,3);
+      if(celldistance(v[ph]->base, old) <= 2) {
+        hyperpoint h1 = View * currentmap->relative_matrix(old, centerover, C0) * hpxy3(1,2,3);
         ld angle1 = atan2(h1[1], h1[2]);
         View = cspin(2, 1, angle1 - angle) * View;
         }
@@ -303,7 +302,7 @@ EX namespace history {
       }
 
     playermoved = false;
-    centerover.at = v[ph]->base;
+    centerover = v[ph]->base;
     compute_graphical_distance();
     }
   
@@ -445,8 +444,8 @@ EX namespace history {
             xpos += bwidth;      
             }
           
-          last_base = viewcenter();
-          last_relative = inverse(ggmatrix(last_base)) * C0;        
+          last_base = centerover;
+          last_relative = C0;
           }
         }
 
diff --git a/hypgraph.cpp b/hypgraph.cpp
index 7d4f67a7..64293d06 100644
--- a/hypgraph.cpp
+++ b/hypgraph.cpp
@@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ void hrmap_standard::draw() {
     return;
     }
   drawn_cells.clear();
-  drawn_cells.emplace_back(viewctr, hsOrigin, cview(), band_shift);
+  drawn_cells.emplace_back(centerover->master, hsOrigin, cview() * master_relative(centerover, true), band_shift);
   for(int i=0; i<isize(drawn_cells); i++) {    
     // prevent reallocation due to insertion
     if(drawn_cells.capacity() < drawn_cells.size() + 16)
@@ -1364,19 +1364,8 @@ EX void centerpc(ld aspd) {
   if(shmup::on && vid.sspeed > -5 && GDIM == 3) {
     int id = subscreens::in ? subscreens::current_player : 0;
     auto& pc = shmup::pc[id];
-    if(masterless) centerover = pc->base;
-    else viewctr = pc->base->master;
+    centerover = pc->base;
     transmatrix T = pc->at;
-    if(hybri) {
-      hybrid::current_view_level = hybrid::get_where(pc->base).second;
-      cell *cc = hybrid::get_at(viewctr.at->c7, hybrid::current_view_level);
-      T = currentmap->relative_matrix(pc->base, cc, C0) * T;
-      }      
-    if(WDIM == 2 && !masterless) T = master_relative(pc->base) * T;
-    if(prod) {
-      cell *c = hybrid::get_where(pc->base).first;
-      T = PIU(master_relative(c)) * T;
-      }
     int sl = snakelevel(cwt.at);
     if(sl && WDIM == 2) T = T * zpush(cgi.SLEV[sl] - cgi.FLOOR);
     View = inverse(T);
@@ -1444,124 +1433,18 @@ EX void optimizeview() {
 
   if(subscreens::split(optimizeview)) return;
   if(dual::split(optimizeview)) return;
+  
+  transmatrix iView = inverse(View);
+  virtualRebase(centerover, iView, true);
+  View = inverse(iView);
+  
+  println(hlog, "centerover = ", centerover);
 
-  if(hybri && !prod) {
-    cell *c = viewcenter();
-    cell *cbest = NULL;
-    ld best = hdist0(tC0(gmatrix[c]));
-    if(isnan(best)) return;
-    forCellIdEx(c2, i2, c) {
-      if(!gmatrix.count(c2)) return;
-      if(PURE || i2 >= c->type-2) {
-        ld quality = hdist0(tC0(gmatrix[c2]));
-        if(quality < best) best = quality, cbest = c2;
-        }
-      else forCellIdEx(c3, i3, c2) if(i3%2 == 0 && i3 < c2->type-2 && gmatrix.count(c3)) {
-        // cell *w = hybrid::get_where(c3).first;
-        // assert (w->master->c7 != w)
-        ld quality = hdist0(tC0(gmatrix[c3]));
-        if(quality < best) best = quality, cbest = c3;
-        }
-      }
-    if(cbest) {
-      View = View * currentmap->relative_matrix(cbest, c, C0);
-      viewctr.at = cbest->master;
-      hybrid::current_view_level = hybrid::get_where(cbest).second;
-      }
-    return;
-    }
-  
-  if(prod) {
-    ld z = zlevel(tC0(View));
-    View = mscale(View, -z);
-    if(in_s2xe()) View = centralsym * View;
-    hybrid::in_underlying_map(optimizeview);
-    if(in_s2xe()) View = centralsym * View;
-    if(z > cgi.plevel / 2) { hybrid::current_view_level--; z -= cgi.plevel; }
-    if(z < -cgi.plevel / 2) { hybrid::current_view_level++; z += cgi.plevel; }
-    View = mscale(View, z);
-    return;
-    }
-  
   #if CAP_ANIMATIONS
-  if(centerover.at && inmirror(centerover.at)) {
+  if(centerover && inmirror(centerover)) {
     anims::reflect_view();
     }
   #endif
-  
-  DEBBI(DF_GRAPH, ("optimize view"));
-  int turn = 0;
-  ld best = INF;
-  
-  transmatrix TB = Id;
-
-  if(WDIM == 3 && (cgflags & qIDEAL)) {
-    if(gmatrix.count(centerover.at)) {
-      ld last = hdist0(tC0(Viewbase));
-      transmatrix V = gmatrix[centerover.at];
-      ld next = hdist0(tC0(V));
-      if(next < last) {
-        View = View * inverse(Viewbase) * V;
-        fixmatrix(View);
-        viewctr.at = centerover.at->master;
-        viewctr.spin = 0;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  
-  if(false) ;
-
-  #if CAP_BT || CAP_ARCM || MAXMDIM == 4
-  else if(binarytiling || archimedean || penrose || WDIM == 3) {
-    turn = -1, best = hdist0(tC0(View));
-    if(asonov::in()) {
-      hyperpoint h = asonov::straighten * tC0(View);
-      best = abs(h[2]) > 1 ? 999 : hdist0(h);
-      }
-    for(int i=0; i<viewctr.at->type; i++) {
-      if(penrose && euclid && (i < 4 || i >= 8)) continue;
-      int i1 = i * DUALMUL;
-      heptagon *h2 = createStep(viewctr.at, i1);
-      transmatrix T = 
-        asonov::in() ? asonov::adjmatrix(i) : 
-        nil ? nilv::adjmatrix(i) :
-        currentmap->relative_matrix(h2, viewctr.at);
-      #if MAXMDIM >= 4
-      if(euclid && WDIM == 3)
-        T = euclid3::move_matrix(viewctr.at->c7, i);
-      #endif
-      hyperpoint H = View * tC0(T);
-      if(asonov::in()) {
-        H = asonov::straighten * H;
-        if(abs(H[2]) > 1) continue;
-        }
-      ld quality = hdist0(H);
-      if(quality < best) best = quality, turn = i1, TB = T;
-      }
-    if(turn >= 0) {
-      View = View * TB;
-      fixmatrix(View);
-      viewctr.at = createStep(viewctr.at, turn);
-      }
-    }
-  #endif
-  
-  else {
-  
-    for(int i=-1; i<S7; i++) {
-  
-      ld trot = -i * M_PI * 2 / (S7+.0);
-      transmatrix T = i < 0 ? Id : spin(trot) * xpush(cgi.tessf) * pispin;
-      hyperpoint H = View * tC0(T);
-      if(H[LDIM] < best) best = H[LDIM], turn = i, TB = T;
-      }
-  
-    if(turn >= 0) {
-      View = View * TB;
-      fixmatrix(View);
-      viewctr = viewctr + turn + wstep;
-      }
-    }
   }
 
 void addball(ld a, ld b, ld c) {
@@ -1592,13 +1475,9 @@ EX void resetview() {
   DEBBI(DF_GRAPH, ("reset view"));
   View = models::rotmatrix();
   // EUCLIDEAN
-  if(!masterless) 
-    viewctr.at = cwt.at->master,
-    viewctr.spin = cwt.spin;
-  else centerover = cwt;
+  centerover = cwt.at;
   cwtV = View;
   nisot::local_perspective = Id;
-  if(hybri) hybrid::current_view_level = hybrid::get_where(cwt.at).second;
   // SDL_LockSurface(s);
   // SDL_UnlockSurface(s);
   }
diff --git a/mobile.cpp b/mobile.cpp
index 0c92ea35..393c18ac 100644
--- a/mobile.cpp
+++ b/mobile.cpp
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ void handleclick(MOBPAR_FORMAL) {
                 ors::reset();
                 centerpc(INF);
                 View = Id;
-                viewctr.at = cwt.at->master;
+                centerover = cwt.at->master;
                 }
               andmode = 11;
               }
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ void handleclick(MOBPAR_FORMAL) {
       if(!playerfound) {
         centerpc(INF);
         View = Id;
-        viewctr.at = cwt.at->master;
+        centerover = cwt.at->master;
         }
       playermoved = true;
       }
diff --git a/models.cpp b/models.cpp
index 390966c0..6f0c315f 100644
--- a/models.cpp
+++ b/models.cpp
@@ -191,9 +191,9 @@ EX namespace models {
       spiral_multiplier = cld(0, 2 * M_PI) / cld(h[0], h[1]);
       }
     
-    if(centerover.at && !history::on)
-    if(isize(history::path_for_lineanimation) == 0 || (quotient && history::path_for_lineanimation.back() != centerover.at)) {
-      history::path_for_lineanimation.push_back(centerover.at);
+    if(centerover && !history::on)
+    if(isize(history::path_for_lineanimation) == 0 || (quotient && history::path_for_lineanimation.back() != centerover)) {
+      history::path_for_lineanimation.push_back(centerover);
       }
 
     band_shift = 0;
diff --git a/netgen.cpp b/netgen.cpp
index 272b7326..15724bf8 100644
--- a/netgen.cpp
+++ b/netgen.cpp
@@ -670,8 +670,6 @@ EX namespace netgen {
           }
         if(!created) {
           View = Id;
-          if(centerover.at) viewctr.at = centerover.at->master;
-          else viewctr.at = cwt.at->master;
           playermoved = false;
           dataFromHR();
           designNet();
@@ -686,8 +684,6 @@ EX namespace netgen {
         }
       if(uni == 's') {
         View = Id;
-        if(centerover.at) viewctr.at = centerover.at->master;
-        else viewctr.at = cwt.at->master;
         playermoved = false;
         }
       else if(uni == 'c') {
diff --git a/nonisotropic.cpp b/nonisotropic.cpp
index 3be8aefa..231d78d2 100644
--- a/nonisotropic.cpp
+++ b/nonisotropic.cpp
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ EX namespace solnihv {
     void draw() override {
       dq::visited.clear();
 
-      dq::enqueue(viewctr.at, cview());
+      dq::enqueue(centerover->master, cview());
       
       while(!dq::drawqueue.empty()) {
         auto& p = dq::drawqueue.front();
@@ -829,7 +829,7 @@ EX namespace nilv {
     void draw() override {
       dq::visited_by_matrix.clear();
 
-      dq::enqueue_by_matrix(viewctr.at, cview());
+      dq::enqueue_by_matrix(centerover->master, cview());
       
       while(!dq::drawqueue.empty()) {
         auto& p = dq::drawqueue.front();
@@ -939,7 +939,6 @@ EX bool in_h2xe() { return prod && !hybrid::over_sphere(); }
 
 EX namespace hybrid {
 
-  EX int current_view_level;  
   EX eGeometry underlying;
   EX geometry_information *underlying_cgip;
 
@@ -1154,7 +1153,7 @@ EX namespace hybrid {
     }
 
   EX bool do_draw(cell *c, const transmatrix& T) {
-    return in_actual([&] { return hr::do_draw(hybrid::get_at(c, hybrid::current_view_level), T); });
+    return in_actual([&] { return hr::do_draw(hybrid::get_at(c, get_where(centerover).second), T); });
     }
 
 EX }
@@ -1167,7 +1166,7 @@ EX namespace product {
       }
   
     void draw() override {
-      actual_view_level = hybrid::current_view_level - floor(zlevel(tC0(cview())) / cgi.plevel + .5);
+      actual_view_level = hybrid::get_where(centerover).second - floor(zlevel(tC0(cview())) / cgi.plevel + .5);
       in_underlying([] { currentmap->draw(); });
       }
     };
@@ -1178,8 +1177,9 @@ EX namespace product {
     cell *c = cw.at;
     if(sphere) gmatrix[c] = V; /* some computations need gmatrix0 for underlying geometry */
     bool s = sphere || pmodel != mdPerspective;
+    int z0 = hybrid::get_where(centerover).second;
     hybrid::in_actual([&] { 
-      cell *c0 = hybrid::get_at(c, hybrid::current_view_level);
+      cell *c0 = hybrid::get_at(c, z0);
       cwall_offset = hybrid::wall_offset(c0);
       if(s) cwall_mask = (1<<c->type) - 1;
       else {
@@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@ EX namespace product {
         cell *c1 = hybrid::get_at(c, actual_view_level+z);
         setdist(c1, 7, NULL);
         cw.at = c1;
-        drawcell(cw, V * mscale(Id, cgi.plevel * (z+actual_view_level - hybrid::current_view_level))); 
+        drawcell(cw, V * mscale(Id, cgi.plevel * (z+actual_view_level - z0))); 
         }
       });
     }
@@ -1579,7 +1579,7 @@ EX namespace rots {
     void draw() override {
       set<cell*> visited;
       
-      cell* start = viewcenter();
+      cell* start = centerover;
       vector<pair<cell*, transmatrix>> dq;
       
       visited.insert(start);
@@ -1654,7 +1654,7 @@ EX namespace rots {
   
   EX void draw_underlying(bool cornermode) {
     if(underlying_scale <= 0) return;
-    ld d = hybrid::current_view_level;
+    ld d = hybrid::get_where(centerover).second;
     d *= cgi.plevel;
     transmatrix T = rots::uzpush(-d) * spin(-2*d);
   
@@ -1674,12 +1674,14 @@ EX namespace rots {
       ld z = zlevel(tC0(View));
       for(int a=0; a<3; a++) pView[a] *= exp(-z);
       }
+    
+    cell *co = hybrid::get_where(centerover).first;
   
     hybrid::in_underlying_map([&] {
       cgi.require_shapes();
       dynamicval<int> pcc(corner_centering, cornermode ? 1 : 2);
       dynamicval<bool> pf(playerfound, true);
-      dynamicval<cellwalker> m5(centerover, viewctr.at->c7);
+      dynamicval<cell*> m5(centerover, co);
       dynamicval<transmatrix> m2(View, inprod ? pView : ypush(0) * qtm(h));
       dynamicval<transmatrix> m3(playerV, Id);
       dynamicval<transmatrix> m4(actual_view_transform, Id);
diff --git a/penrose.cpp b/penrose.cpp
index 3c12e769..03cd62ef 100644
--- a/penrose.cpp
+++ b/penrose.cpp
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ struct hrmap_kite : hrmap {
   void draw() override {
              
     dq::visited.clear();
-    dq::enqueue(viewctr.at, cview());
+    dq::enqueue(centerover->master, cview());
     
     while(!dq::drawqueue.empty()) {
       auto& p = dq::drawqueue.front();
diff --git a/raycaster.cpp b/raycaster.cpp
index 384159cf..7f531eed 100644
--- a/raycaster.cpp
+++ b/raycaster.cpp
@@ -814,11 +814,10 @@ EX void cast() {
   
   vector<cell*> lst;
 
-  cell *cs = viewcenter();
+  cell *cs = centerover;
 
   transmatrix T = cview();
   if(nonisotropic) T = nisot::local_perspective * T;
-  if(prod) T = actualV(viewctr, T);
   T = inverse(T);
 
   virtualRebase(cs, T, true);
diff --git a/reg3.cpp b/reg3.cpp
index 6331f22f..c6dd3c2f 100644
--- a/reg3.cpp
+++ b/reg3.cpp
@@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ EX namespace reg3 {
       // for(int i=0; i<S6; i++) queuepoly(ggmatrix(cwt.at), shWall3D[i], 0xFF0000FF);
       
       dq::visited_by_matrix.clear();
-      dq::enqueue_by_matrix(viewctr.at, cview());
+      dq::enqueue_by_matrix(centerover->master, cview());
       
       while(!dq::drawqueue.empty()) {
         auto& p = dq::drawqueue.front();
@@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ EX namespace reg3 {
       // for(int i=0; i<S6; i++) queuepoly(ggmatrix(cwt.at), shWall3D[i], 0xFF0000FF);
       
       dq::visited.clear();
-      dq::enqueue(viewctr.at, cview());
+      dq::enqueue(centerover->master, cview());
       
       while(!dq::drawqueue.empty()) {
         auto& p = dq::drawqueue.front();
diff --git a/rug.cpp b/rug.cpp
index c136c3f6..63cea761 100644
--- a/rug.cpp
+++ b/rug.cpp
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ EX void buildRug() {
     return;
     }
   
-  celllister cl(centerover.at ? centerover.at : cwt.at, get_sightrange(), vertex_limit, NULL);
+  celllister cl(centerover ? centerover : cwt.at, get_sightrange(), vertex_limit, NULL);
 
   map<cell*, rugpoint *> vptr;
   
diff --git a/screenshot.cpp b/screenshot.cpp
index 5930fc1d..dabcffdd 100644
--- a/screenshot.cpp
+++ b/screenshot.cpp
@@ -514,8 +514,7 @@ EX ld rug_rotation1, rug_rotation2, ballangle_rotation, env_ocean, env_volcano;
 EX bool env_shmup;
 EX ld rug_angle;
 
-heptspin rotation_center_h;
-cellwalker rotation_center_c;
+cell *rotation_center;
 transmatrix rotation_center_View;
 
 color_t circle_display_color = 0x00FF00FF;
@@ -526,17 +525,17 @@ EX ld circle_spins = 1;
 void moved() {
   optimizeview();
   if(cheater || autocheat) {
-    if(hyperbolic && memory_saving_mode && centerover.at && gmatrix.size() && cwt.at != centerover.at && !quotient) {
-      if(isNeighbor(cwt.at, centerover.at)) {
-        cwt.spin = neighborId(centerover.at, cwt.at);
+    if(hyperbolic && memory_saving_mode && centerover && gmatrix.size() && cwt.at != centerover && !quotient) {
+      if(isNeighbor(cwt.at, centerover)) {
+        cwt.spin = neighborId(centerover, cwt.at);
         flipplayer = true;
         }
-      animateMovement(cwt.at, centerover.at, LAYER_SMALL, NODIR);
-      cwt.at = centerover.at;
+      animateMovement(cwt.at, centerover, LAYER_SMALL, NODIR);
+      cwt.at = centerover;
       save_memory();
       return;
       }
-    setdist(viewcenter(), 7 - getDistLimit() - genrange_bonus, NULL);
+    setdist(centerover, 7 - getDistLimit() - genrange_bonus, NULL);
     }
   playermoved = false;
   }
@@ -587,10 +586,10 @@ bool needs_highqual;
 bool joukowsky_anim;
 
 EX void reflect_view() {
-  if(centerover.at) {
+  if(centerover) {
     transmatrix T = Id;
-    cell *mbase = centerover.at;
-    cell *c = centerover.at;
+    cell *mbase = centerover;
+    cell *c = centerover;
     if(shmup::reflect(c, mbase, T))
       View = inverse(T) * View;
     }
@@ -608,10 +607,10 @@ EX void apply() {
         history::phase = (isize(history::v) - 1) * ticks * 1. / period;
         history::movetophase();        
         }
-      else if(centerover.at) {
+      else if(centerover) {
         reflect_view();
         if((hyperbolic && !quotient && 
-          (centerover.at->land != cwt.at->land || memory_saving_mode) && among(centerover.at->land, laHaunted, laIvoryTower, laDungeon, laEndorian) && centerover.at->landparam >= 10
+          (centerover->land != cwt.at->land || memory_saving_mode) && among(centerover->land, laHaunted, laIvoryTower, laDungeon, laEndorian) && centerover->landparam >= 10
           ) ) {
           if(memory_saving_mode) {
             activateSafety(laIce);
@@ -626,8 +625,8 @@ EX void apply() {
           );
         moved();
         if(clearup) {
-          viewcenter()->wall = waNone;
-          forCellEx(c1, viewcenter()) c1->wall = waNone;
+          centerover->wall = waNone;
+          forCellEx(c1, centerover) c1->wall = waNone;
           }
         }
       break;
@@ -651,7 +650,7 @@ EX void apply() {
       moved();
       rotate_view(cspin(0, GDIM-1, 2 * M_PI * t / period));
       if(clearup) {
-        viewcenter()->wall = waNone;
+        centerover->wall = waNone;
         }
       break;
 
@@ -668,8 +667,7 @@ EX void apply() {
       break;
     #endif
     case maCircle: {
-      if(masterless) centerover = rotation_center_c;
-      else viewctr = rotation_center_h;
+      centerover = rotation_center;
       ld alpha = circle_spins * 2 * M_PI * ticks / period;
       View = spin(-cos_auto(circle_radius)*alpha) * xpush(circle_radius) * spin(alpha) * rotation_center_View;
       moved();
@@ -769,13 +767,13 @@ bool record_animation() {
 void display_animation() {
   if(ma == maCircle && (circle_display_color & 0xFF)) {
     for(int s=0; s<10; s++) {
-      if(s == 0) curvepoint(ggmatrix(rotation_center_c.at) * xpush0(circle_radius - .1));
-      for(int z=0; z<100; z++) curvepoint(ggmatrix(rotation_center_c.at) * xspinpush0((z+s*100) * 2 * M_PI / 1000., circle_radius));
+      if(s == 0) curvepoint(ggmatrix(rotation_center) * xpush0(circle_radius - .1));
+      for(int z=0; z<100; z++) curvepoint(ggmatrix(rotation_center) * xspinpush0((z+s*100) * 2 * M_PI / 1000., circle_radius));
       queuecurve(circle_display_color, 0, PPR::LINE);
       }
     if(sphere) for(int s=0; s<10; s++) {
-      if(s == 0) curvepoint(centralsym * ggmatrix(rotation_center_c.at) * xpush0(circle_radius - .1));
-      for(int z=0; z<100; z++) curvepoint(centralsym * ggmatrix(rotation_center_c.at) * xspinpush0((z+s*100) * 2 * M_PI / 1000., circle_radius));
+      if(s == 0) curvepoint(centralsym * ggmatrix(rotation_center) * xpush0(circle_radius - .1));
+      for(int z=0; z<100; z++) curvepoint(centralsym * ggmatrix(rotation_center) * xspinpush0((z+s*100) * 2 * M_PI / 1000., circle_radius));
       queuecurve(circle_display_color, 0, PPR::LINE);
       }
     }
@@ -861,8 +859,7 @@ EX void show() {
   if(!prod) {
     dialog::addBoolItem(XLAT("circle"), ma == maCircle, '4');
     dialog::add_action([] () { ma = maCircle; 
-      rotation_center_h = viewctr;
-      rotation_center_c = centerover;
+      rotation_center = centerover;
       rotation_center_View = View;
       });
     }
@@ -1045,8 +1042,7 @@ int readArgs() {
   else if(argis("-animcircle")) {
     PHASE(3); start_game();
     ma = maCircle; 
-    rotation_center_h = viewctr;
-    rotation_center_c = cwt.at;
+    rotation_center = centerover;
     rotation_center_View = View;
     shift_arg_formula(circle_spins);
     shift_arg_formula(circle_radius);
diff --git a/sound.cpp b/sound.cpp
index be97443b..c0139c52 100644
--- a/sound.cpp
+++ b/sound.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ EX int musicvolume = 60;
 EX int effvolume = 60;
 
 EX eLand getCurrentLandForMusic() {
-  eLand id = ((anims::center_music()) && centerover.at) ? centerover.at->land : cwt.at->land;
+  eLand id = ((anims::center_music()) && centerover) ? centerover->land : cwt.at->land;
   if(isHaunted(id)) id = laHaunted;
   if(id == laWarpSea) id = laWarpCoast;
   if(id == laMercuryRiver) id = laTerracotta;
diff --git a/textures.cpp b/textures.cpp
index bb0202fd..601acacd 100644
--- a/textures.cpp
+++ b/textures.cpp
@@ -970,7 +970,6 @@ void init_textureconfig() {
   addsaver(si_save.id, "center type", 1);
   addsaver(si_save.dir, "center direction", 0);
   addsaver(si_save.reflect, "center reflection", false);
-  addsaver(viewctr.spin, "center spin", 0);
   addsaver(config.data.twidth, "texture resolution", 2048);
   addsaver(config.gsplits, "precision", 1);
   
@@ -1012,7 +1011,7 @@ bool texture_config::save() {
   targetgeometry = geometry;
   targetvariation = variation;
 
-  cell *ctr = viewcenter();
+  cell *ctr = centerover;
   si_save = patterns::getpatterninfo0(ctr);
   
   if(archimedean) csymbol = arcm::current.symbol;
@@ -1071,11 +1070,9 @@ bool texture_config::load() {
     celllister cl(currentmap->gamestart(), 20, 10000, NULL);
     bool found = false;
     for(cell *c: cl.lst) if(euclid || ctof(c)) {
-      cell *ctr = viewcenter();
       auto si_here = patterns::getpatterninfo0(c);
       if(si_here.id == si_save.id && si_here.reflect == si_save.reflect && si_here.dir == si_save.dir) {
-        if(euclid) centerover.at = ctr;
-        else viewctr.at = ctr->master;
+        centerover = c;
         found = true;
         break;
         }