diff --git a/attack.cpp b/attack.cpp
index 6c6c1a49..2cd15971 100644
--- a/attack.cpp
+++ b/attack.cpp
@@ -667,10 +667,9 @@ EX void killMonster(cell *c, eMonster who, flagtype deathflags IS(0)) {
       c->item = itNone;
     }
   if(who == moPlayer || (isFriendly(who) && items[itOrbEmpathy])) {
-    if(who != moPlayer) markOrb2(itOrbEmpathy);
-    if(m == moFrog) items[itOrbFrog] += 5;
-    if(m == moVaulter) items[itOrbDash] += 5;
-    if(m == moPhaser) items[itOrbPhasing] += 5;
+    eItem o = frog_power(m);
+    if(o && who != moPlayer) markOrb2(itOrbEmpathy);
+    items[o] += 5;
     }
   if(checkOrb(who, itOrbStone))
     petrify(c, waPetrified, m), pcount = 0;
diff --git a/flags.cpp b/flags.cpp
index 17cca831..c21a97f3 100644
--- a/flags.cpp
+++ b/flags.cpp
@@ -345,6 +345,14 @@ EX bool conegraph(cell *c) {
   return ((wmescher && wmspatial) || wmascii3) && (conegraphtype(c) || (c->wall == waBarrier && c->land == laOceanWall));
   }
 
+/** Determine the power of a frog monster. Also used to determine whether monster is a frog. */
+EX eItem frog_power(eMonster m) {
+  if(m == moFrog) return itOrbFrog;
+  if(m == moPhaser) return itOrbPhasing;
+  if(m == moVaulter) return itOrbDash;
+  return itNone;
+  }
+
 EX bool hornStuns(cell *c) {
   eMonster m = c->monst;
   return 
diff --git a/monstergen.cpp b/monstergen.cpp
index 7ac0b490..2810fbac 100644
--- a/monstergen.cpp
+++ b/monstergen.cpp
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ EX bool canReachPlayer(cell *cf, eMonster m) {
       };
 
     forCellEx(c2, c) {
-      if(among(m, moFrog, moVaulter, moPhaser)) forCellEx(c3, c2) test(c3);
+      if(frog_power(m)) forCellEx(c3, c2) test(c3);
       test(c2);
       }
     
diff --git a/monstermove.cpp b/monstermove.cpp
index 193925f5..81e8ef32 100644
--- a/monstermove.cpp
+++ b/monstermove.cpp
@@ -1177,7 +1177,7 @@ EX void groupmove(eMonster movtype, flagtype mf) {
       groupmove2(movei(c2, c, STRONGWIND), movtype, mf);
       }
     
-    if(among(movtype, moFrog, moVaulter, moPhaser) && c->monst == moNone && !isPlayerOn(c)) {
+    if(frog_power(movtype) && c->monst == moNone && !isPlayerOn(c)) {
       forCellEx(c2, c) forCellEx(c3, c2)
         groupmove2(movei(c3, c, JUMP), movtype, mf);
       }
diff --git a/orbs.cpp b/orbs.cpp
index 0ac5997e..b284be99 100644
--- a/orbs.cpp
+++ b/orbs.cpp
@@ -1129,7 +1129,7 @@ EX int check_vault(cell *cf, cell *ct, flagtype flags, cell*& jumpthru) {
   if(!c2) return 0;
   if(!c2->monst && c2->wall != waShrub) return 1;
   bool for_monster = !(flags & P_ISPLAYER);
-  if(for_monster && c2->monst && among(c2->monst, moFrog, moVaulter, moPhaser) && !items[itOrbDiscord]) return 1; 
+  if(for_monster && c2->monst && frog_power(c2->monst) && !items[itOrbDiscord]) return 1; 
   if(c3) return 2;
   if(c2->wall != waShrub && !passable(c2, cwt.at, flags | P_JUMP1 | P_MONSTER)) return 3;
   if(!passable(ct, c2, flags | P_JUMP2)) return 4;