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tw5.com/tiddlers/concepts/TiddlerFilters.tid
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title: TiddlerFilters
tags: docs concepts
TiddlyWiki has a special syntax for expressing filters. They can be used to select tiddlers for an operation, or to filter a set of tiddlers to add or remove members.
Filters are used in TiddlyWiki to choose tiddlers by specifying simple match criteria.
! Examples
@ -26,17 +26,15 @@ The mechanism is easiest to understand by first presenting some example filter s
! Operators
A filter string consists of one or more filter operations, each comprising one or more filter operators with associated operands.
The operations look like `[operator[operand]]`, where `operator` is one of:
A filter string consists of one or more runs of filter operators that each look like `[operator[operand]]`, where `operator` is one of:
* ''title'': selects the tiddler with the title given in the operand
* ''is'': tests whether a tiddler is a member of the system defined set named in the operand (see below)
* ''has'': tests whether a tiddler has a specified field
* ''sort'': sorts the tiddlers by a given field
* ''sort-case-sensitive'': a case sensitive sort of the current tiddlers
* ''prefix'': tests whether a tiddlers title starts with a particular prefix
* ''limit'': limits the number of subresults
* ''has'': tests whether a tiddler has the field specified in the operand
* ''sort'': sorts the tiddlers by the field specified in the operand
* ''sort-case-sensitive'': a case sensitive sort of the current tiddlers by the field specified in the operand
* ''prefix'': tests whether a tiddlers title starts with the prefix specified in the operand
* ''limit'': limits the number of subresults to the integer specified in the operand
* ''tag'': tests whether a given tag is (`[tag[mytag]]`) or is not (`[!tag[mytag]]`) present on the tiddler
* ''{field}'': tests whether a tiddler field has a specified value (`[modifier[Jeremy]]`) or not (`[!modifier[Jeremy]]`)
* ''tags'': selects the tags on the currently selected tiddlers
@ -59,15 +57,15 @@ Operators are combined into runs that function as logically ANDed expressions by
[tag[one]] [tag[two]] ---> [tag[one]tag[two]]
}}}
Operation runs can be preceded with `-` to negate their action, removing the selected tiddlers from the results. For example, `[tag[Tommy]] -HelloThere -[[Another One]]` selects all tiddlers tagged with `Tommy` except those titled `HelloThere` or `Another One`.
Runs can be preceded with `-` to negate their action, removing the selected tiddlers from the results. For example, `[tag[Tommy]] -HelloThere -[[Another One]]` selects all tiddlers tagged with `Tommy` except those titled `HelloThere` or `Another One`.
Operation runs can be preceded with `+` in order to make them apply to all of the accumulated results, rather than the original source. For example, `[tag[Jeremy]] [tag[Tommy]] +[sort[title]]` selects the tiddlers tagged `Tommy` or `Jeremy`, and sorts them by the `title` field.
Runs can be preceded with `+` in order to make them apply to all of the accumulated results, rather than the original source. For example, `[tag[Jeremy]] [tag[Tommy]] +[sort[title]]` selects the tiddlers tagged `Tommy` or `Jeremy`, and sorts them by the `title` field.
! Processing model
Filters are processed with the following elements:
* a string of filter operations, each made up of one or more filter operators
* the incoming source tiddlers
* a sequence of runs of filter operations
* the incoming source tiddlers, typically all the tiddlers available in the wiki
* the overall result stack
* the subresult stack of the tiddlers selected by the current operation
* the subresult stack of the tiddlers selected by the current run