TiddlyWiki5/readme.md

# cook.js

This is an attempt to modernise TiddlyWiki's build system, which has been based on tools written in Ruby called Cook and Ginsu (see https://github.com/TiddlyWiki/cooker for details). They were first written in 2006 and have been heavily hacked since then.

This new version is written in JavaScript for node.js, with the intention that it can share code with TiddlyWiki itself.

The goal is to achieve byte-for-byte compatibility with the old tools, but only to support the features required by the recipe files that are currently in use by TiddlyWiki and TiddlySpace. One of the difficulties is that cook.rb is very buggy; the current build process for tiddlywiki.com relies on TiddlyWiki itself doing a save operation in the browser to clear up problems with duplicate tiddlers and badly formed attributes.

## Usage

	node tiddlywiki.js <options>

The command line options are processed in sequential order from left to right. Processing pauses during long operations, like loading a recipe file and all the subrecipes and tiddlers that it references. The following options are available:

	--recipe <filepath>			# Loads a specfied `.recipe` file
	--load <filepath>			# Load additional tiddlers from TiddlyWiki files (`.html`), `.tiddler`, `.tid`, `.json` or other files
	--savewiki <dirpath>		# Saves all the loaded tiddlers as a single file TiddlyWiki called `index.html` and an RSS feed called `index.xml`
	--savetiddlers <outdir>		# Saves all the loaded tiddlers as `.tid` files in the specified directory
	--servewiki <port>			# Serve the cooked TiddlyWiki over HTTP at `/`
	--servetiddlers <port>		# Serve individual tiddlers over HTTP at `/tiddlertitle`
	--dumpstore					# Dump the TiddlyWiki store in JSON format
	--dumprecipe				# Dump the current recipe in JSON format
	--verbose 					# verbose output, useful for debugging

This example loads the tiddlers from a TiddlyWiki HTML file and makes them available over HTTP:

	node tiddlywiki.js --load mywiki.html --servewiki 127.0.0.1:8000

This example cooks a TiddlyWiki from a recipe:

	node tiddlywiki.js --recipe tiddlywiki.com/index.recipe --savewiki tmp/

This example ginsus a TiddlyWiki into its constituent tiddlers:

	node tiddlywiki.js --load mywiki.html --savetiddlers tmp/tiddlers

`--servewiki` and `--servertiddlers` are for different purposes and should not be used together. The former is for TiddlyWiki core developers who want to be able to edit the TiddlyWiki source files in a text editor and view the results in the browser by clicking refresh; it is slow because it reloads all the TiddlyWiki JavaScript files each time the page is loaded. The latter is for experimenting with the new wikification engine.

You can use filepaths or URLs to reference recipe files and tiddlers. For example, this recipe cooks the latest TiddlyWiki components directly from the online repositories:

	recipe: https://raw.github.com/TiddlyWiki/tiddlywiki/master/tiddlywikinonoscript.html.recipe
	tiddler: http://tiddlywiki-com.tiddlyspace.com/bags/tiddlywiki-com-ref_public/tiddlers.json?fat=1
	tiddler: http://tiddlywiki-com.tiddlyspace.com/bags/tiddlywiki-com_public/tiddlers.json?fat=1

## Testing

`test.sh` contains a simple test that cooks the main tiddlywiki.com recipe and compares it with the results of the old build process (ie, running cook.rb and then opening the file in a browser and performing a 'save changes' operation). It also invokes `wikitest.js`, a wikification test rig that works off the data in `test/wikitests/`.

## API

Here is a guide to the key modules making up tiddlywiki.js and their public APIs. The modules are listed in order of dependency; modules generally don't know about other modules later in the list unless specifically noted.

Some non-standard MIME types are used by the code:

* **text/x-tiddlywiki:** TiddlyWiki-format wiki text
* **application/x-tiddlywiki:** A TiddlyWiki HTML file containing tiddlers
* **application/x-tiddler:** A tiddler in TiddlyWeb-style tiddler file format
* **application/x-tiddler-html-div:** A tiddler in TiddlyWiki `<div>` format

### Tiddler.js

Tiddlers are an immutable dictionary of name:value pairs called fields. Values can be a string, an array of strings, or a JavaScript date object.

The only field that is required is the `title` field, but useful tiddlers also have a `text` field, and some or all of the standard fields `modified`, `modifier`, `created`, `creator`, `tags` and `type`.

Hardcoded in the system is the knowledge that the 'tags' field is a string array, and that the 'modified' and 'created' fields are dates. All other fields are strings.

#### var tiddler = new Tiddler([srcFields{,srcFields}])

Create a Tiddler given a series of sources of fields which can either be a plain hashmap of name:value pairs or an existing tiddler to clone. Fields in later sources overwrite the same field specified in earlier sources.

The hashmaps can specify the  "modified" and "created" fields as strings in YYYYMMDDHHMMSSMMM format or as JavaScript date objects. The "tags" field can be given as a JavaScript array of strings or as a TiddlyWiki quoted string (eg, "one [[two three]]").

#### tiddler.fields

Returns a hashmap of tiddler fields, which can be used for read-only access

#### tiddler.hasTag(tag)

Returns a Boolean indicating whether the tiddler has a particular tag.

#### tiddler.cache(name[,value])

Returns or sets the value of a named cache object associated with the tiddler.

### TiddlerConverters.js

This class acts as a factory for tiddler serializers and deserializers.

#### var tiddlerConverters = new TiddlerConverters()

Creates a tiddler converter factory

#### tiddlerConverters.registerSerializer(extension,mimeType,serializer)

Registers a function that knows how to serialise a tiddler into a representation identified by a file extension and a MIME type. The serializer is called with a tiddler to convert and returns the string representation:

	Tiddler.registerSerializer(".tiddler","application/x-tiddler-html-div",function (tiddler) {
		return "<div" + "...>" + "</div>"; 
	});

#### tiddlerConverters.registerDeserializer(extension,mimeType,deserializer)

Registers a function that knows how to deserialize one or more tiddlers from a block of text identified by a particular file extension and a MIME type. The deserializer is called with the text to convert and should return an array of tiddler field hashmaps:

	Tiddler.registerDeserializer(".tid","application/x-tiddler",function (text,srcFields) {
		var fields = copy(SrcFields);
		// Assemble the fields from the text
		return [fields];
	});

#### tiddlerConverters.deserialize(type,text,srcFields)

Given a block of text and a MIME type or file extension, returns an array of hashmaps of tiddler fields. One or more source fields can be provided to pre-populate the tiddler before the text is parsed.

If the type is not recognised then the raw text is assigned to the `text` field.

#### tiddlerConverters.serialize(tiddler,type)

Serializes a tiddler into a text representation identified by a MIME type or file extension.

For example:

	console.log(tiddlerConverters.serialize(tiddler,".tid"));

### TiddlerInput.js and TiddlerOutput.js

Contain classes that can be registered with a TiddlerConverters object to common formats.

#### TiddlerInput.register(tiddlerConverters)

Registers deserializers for these input types:

	Extension	MIME types						Description
	---------	---------						-----------
	.tiddler	application/x-tiddler-html-div	TiddlyWiki storeArea-style <div>
	.tid		application/x-tiddler			TiddlyWeb-style tiddler text file
	.txt		text/plain						plain text file interpreted as the tiddler text
	.html		text/html						plain HTML file interpreted as the tiddler text
	.js			application/javascript			JavaScript file interpreted as the tiddler text
	.json		application/json				JSON object containing an array of tiddler field hashmaps
	.tiddlywiki	application/x-tiddlywiki		TiddlyWiki HTML document containing one or more tiddler <div>s

#### TiddlerOutput.register(tiddlerConverters)

Registers serializers for these output types:

	Extension	MIME types						Description
	---------	---------						-----------
	.tiddler	application/x-tiddler-html-div	TiddlyWiki storeArea-style <div>
	.tid		application/x-tiddler			TiddlyWeb-style tiddler text file

### TextProcessors.js

Text processors are components that know how to parse and render tiddlers of particular types. The core of TiddlyWiki is the WikiText processor, which can parse TiddlyWiki wikitext into a JavaScript object tree representation, and then render the tree into HTML or plain text. Other text processors planned include:

* `JSONText` to allow JSON objects to display nicely, and make their content available with TiddlyWiki section/slice notation
* `CSSText` to parse CSS, and process extensions such as transclusion, theming and variables
* `JavaScriptText` to parse JavaScript tiddlers for clearer display, and allow sandboxed execution through compilation

Note that text processors encapsulate two operations: parsing into a tree, and rendering that tree into text representations. Parsing doesn't need a context, but rendering needs to have access to a context consisting of a WikiStore to use to retrieve any referenced tiddlers, and the title of the tiddler that is being rendered.

#### textProcessors = new TextProcessors()

Applications should create a TextProcessors object to keep track of the available text processors.

#### textProcessors.registerTextProcessor(mimeType,textProcessor)

Registers an instance of a text processor class to handle text with a particular MIME type. For example:

	var options = {
		...
	};
	textProcessors.registerTextProcessor("text/x-tiddlywiki",new WikiTextProcessor(options));

The text processor object must support the following methods:

	// Parses some text and returns a parse tree object
	var parseTree = textProcessor.parse(text)

Parser objects support the following methods:

	// Renders a subnode of the parse tree to a representation identified by MIME type,
	// as if rendered within the context of the specified WikiStore and tiddler title
	var renderedText = parseTree.render(type,treenode,store,title)

#### textProcessors.parse(type,text)

Chooses a text processor based on the MIME type of the content and calls the `parse` method to parse the text into a parse tree. Returns null if the type was not recognised by a registered parser.

If the MIME type is unrecognised or unknown, it defaults to "text/x-tiddlywiki".

### WikiTextProcessor.js

A text processor that parses and renders TiddlyWiki style wiki text.

This module privately includes the following modules:

* WikiTextParser.js containing the wiki text parsing engine
* WikiTextRules.js containing the rules driving the wiki text parsing engine
* WikiTextRenderer.js containing the wiki text rendering engine

#### var wikiTextProcessor = new WikiTextProcessor(options)

Creates a new instance of the wiki text processor with the specified options. The options are a hashmap of optional members as follows:

* **enableRules:** An array of names of wiki text rules to enable. If not specified, all rules are available
* **extraRules:** An array of additional rule handlers to add
* **enableMacros:** An array of names of macros to enable. If not specified, all macros are available
* **extraMacros:** An array of additional macro handlers to add

### WikiStore.js

A collection of uniquely titled tiddlers. Although the tiddlers themselves are immutable, new tiddlers can be stored under an existing title, replacing the previous tiddler.

Each wiki store is connected to a shadow store that is also a WikiStore() object. Under usual circumstances, when an attempt is made to retrieve a tiddler that doesn't exist in the store, the search continues into its shadow store (and so on, if the shadow store itself has a shadow store).

#### var store = new WikiStore(options)

Creates a new wiki store. The options are a hashmap of optional members as follows:

* **textProcessors:** A reference to the TextProcessors() instance to be used to resolve parsing and rendering requests
* **shadowStore:** An optional reference to an existing WikiStore to use as the source of shadow tiddlers. Pass null to disable shadow tiddlers for the new store

#### store.shadows

Exposes a reference to the shadow store for this store.

#### store.clear()

Clears the store of all tiddlers.

#### store.getTiddler(title)

Attempts to retrieve the tiddler with a given title. Returns `null` if the tiddler doesn't exist.

#### store.getTiddlerText(title,defaultText)

Retrieves the text of a particular tiddler. If the tiddler doesn't exist, then the defaultText is returned, or `null` if not specified.

#### store.deleteTiddler(title)

Deletes the specified tiddler from the store.

#### store.tiddlerExists(title)

Returns a boolean indicating whether a particular tiddler exists.

#### store.addTiddler(tiddler)

Adds the specified tiddler object to the store. The tiddler can be specified as a Tiddler() object or a hashmap of tiddler fields.

#### store.forEachTiddler(callback)

Invokes a callback for each tiddler in the store. The callback is called with the title of the tiddler and a reference to the tiddler itself. For example:

	store.forEachTiddler(function(title,tiddler) {
		console.log(title);
	});

#### store.parseTiddler(title)

Returns the parse tree object for a tiddler, which may be cached within the tiddler.

#### store.renderTiddler(type,title)

Returns a dynamically generated rendering of the tiddler in a representation identified by a MIME type.

### Recipe.js

The Recipe() class loads a TiddlyWiki recipe file, resolving references to subrecipe files. Tiddlers referenced by the recipe are loaded into a WikiStore. A fully loaded recipe can then be cooked to produce an HTML or RSS TiddlyWiki representation of the recipe.

#### var recipe = new Recipe(options,callback)

Creates a new Recipe object by loading the specified recipe file. On completion the callback is invoked with a single parameter `err` that is null if the recipe loading was successful, or an Error() object otherwise.

	var recipe = new Recipe({
		filepath: "recent.recipe",
		tiddlerConverters: tiddlerConverters,
		store: store	
	},function callback(err) {
		if(err) {
			throw err;
		} else {
			console.log(recipe.cook())
		}
	}

Options is a hashmap with the following mandatory fields:

* **filepath:** The filepath to the recipe file to load
* **tiddlerConverters:** The TiddlerConverters() object to use to serialize and deserialize tiddlers
* **textProcessors:** The TextProcessors() object to use to parse and render tiddler text
* **store:** The WikiStore object to use to store the tiddlers in the recipe

The options can also contain these optional fields:

* (none at present)

#### recipe.cook()

Cooks a TiddlyWiki HTML file from the recipe and returns it as a string.

#### recipe.cookRss()

Cooks a TiddlyWiki RSS file from the recipe and returns it as a string.