Reduce coupling in websocket code

- Add a new WebsocketClient interface, which WebsocketHandle uses for
   sending messages and closing. This reduces coupling between Websocket
   and WebsocketHandle, which is nice, though admitedly only use for
   copy-cat :).

 - WebsocketHandle now uses Websocket(Client).isClosed(), rather than
   tracking the closed state itself - this makes the class mostly a thin
   Lua wrapper over the client, which is nice.

 - Convert Options into a record.

 - Clarify the behaviour of ws.close() and the websocket_closed event.
   Our previous test was incorrect as it called WebsocketHandle.close
   (rather than WebsocketHandle.doClose), which had slightly different
   semantics in whether the event is queued.

projects/core/src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/HTTPAPI.java

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import dan200.computercraft.core.CoreConfig;
 import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.*;
 import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.request.HttpRequest;
 import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.websocket.Websocket;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.websocket.WebsocketClient;
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpHeaders;
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaderNames;
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders;
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ public class HTTPAPI implements ILuaAPI {
         var timeout = getTimeout(timeoutArg);
 
         try {
-            var uri = Websocket.checkUri(address);
+            var uri = WebsocketClient.parseUri(address);
             if (!new Websocket(websockets, apiEnvironment, uri, address, headers, timeout).queue(Websocket::connect)) {
                 throw new LuaException("Too many websockets already open");
             }

projects/core/src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/NetworkUtils.java

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ public final class NetworkUtils {
      */
     public static Options getOptions(String host, InetSocketAddress address) throws HTTPRequestException {
         var options = AddressRule.apply(CoreConfig.httpRules, host, address);
-        if (options.action == Action.DENY) throw new HTTPRequestException("Domain not permitted");
+        if (options.action() == Action.DENY) throw new HTTPRequestException("Domain not permitted");
         return options;
     }
 
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ public final class NetworkUtils {
      * @throws HTTPRequestException If a proxy is required but not configured correctly.
      */
     public static @Nullable Consumer<SocketChannel> getProxyHandler(Options options, int timeout) throws HTTPRequestException {
-        if (!options.useProxy) return null;
+        if (!options.useProxy()) return null;
 
         var type = CoreConfig.httpProxyType;
         var host = CoreConfig.httpProxyHost;

projects/core/src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/options/Options.java

@@ -6,20 +6,13 @@ package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.options;
 
 
 /**
- * Options about a specific domain.
+ * Options for a given HTTP request or websocket, which control its resource constraints.
+ *
+ * @param action           Whether to {@link Action#ALLOW} or {@link Action#DENY} this request.
+ * @param maxUpload        The maximum size of the HTTP request.
+ * @param maxDownload      The maximum size of the HTTP response.
+ * @param websocketMessage The maximum size of a websocket message (outgoing and incoming).
+ * @param useProxy         Whether to use the configured proxy.
  */
-public final class Options {
+public record Options(Action action, long maxUpload, long maxDownload, int websocketMessage, boolean useProxy) {
-    public final Action action;
-    public final long maxUpload;
-    public final long maxDownload;
-    public final int websocketMessage;
-    public final boolean useProxy;
-
-    Options(Action action, long maxUpload, long maxDownload, int websocketMessage, boolean useProxy) {
-        this.action = action;
-        this.maxUpload = maxUpload;
-        this.maxDownload = maxDownload;
-        this.websocketMessage = websocketMessage;
-        this.useProxy = useProxy;
-    }
 }

projects/core/src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/options/PartialOptions.java

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ public final class PartialOptions {
         this.useProxy = useProxy;
     }
 
-    Options toOptions() {
+    public Options toOptions() {
         if (options != null) return options;
 
         return options = new Options(

projects/core/src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/request/HttpRequest.java

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ public class HttpRequest extends Resource<HttpRequest> {
             if (isClosed()) return;
 
             var requestBody = getHeaderSize(headers) + postBuffer.capacity();
-            if (options.maxUpload != 0 && requestBody > options.maxUpload) {
+            if (options.maxUpload() != 0 && requestBody > options.maxUpload()) {
                 failure("Request body is too large");
                 return;
             }

projects/core/src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/request/HttpRequestHandler.java

@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ public final class HttpRequestHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<HttpOb
             var partial = content.content();
             if (partial.isReadable()) {
                 // If we've read more than we're allowed to handle, abort as soon as possible.
-                if (options.maxDownload != 0 && responseBody.readableBytes() + partial.readableBytes() > options.maxDownload) {
+                if (options.maxDownload() != 0 && responseBody.readableBytes() + partial.readableBytes() > options.maxDownload()) {
                     closed = true;
                     ctx.close();
 

projects/core/src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/websocket/NoOriginWebSocketHandshaker.java

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ import java.net.URI;
  * A version of {@link WebSocketClientHandshaker13} which doesn't add the {@link HttpHeaderNames#ORIGIN} header to the
  * original HTTP request.
  */
-public class NoOriginWebSocketHandshaker extends WebSocketClientHandshaker13 {
+class NoOriginWebSocketHandshaker extends WebSocketClientHandshaker13 {
-    public NoOriginWebSocketHandshaker(URI webSocketURL, WebSocketVersion version, String subprotocol, boolean allowExtensions, HttpHeaders customHeaders, int maxFramePayloadLength) {
+    NoOriginWebSocketHandshaker(URI webSocketURL, WebSocketVersion version, String subprotocol, boolean allowExtensions, HttpHeaders customHeaders, int maxFramePayloadLength) {
         super(webSocketURL, version, subprotocol, allowExtensions, customHeaders, maxFramePayloadLength);
     }
 

projects/core/src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/websocket/Websocket.java

@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@ import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.NetworkUtils;
 import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.Resource;
 import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.ResourceGroup;
 import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.options.Options;
-import dan200.computercraft.core.util.IoUtil;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.metrics.Metrics;
 import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
+import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
 import io.netty.channel.Channel;
 import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
 import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
@@ -23,21 +24,22 @@ import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpClientCodec;
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaderNames;
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders;
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.BinaryWebSocketFrame;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketClientProtocolHandler;
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketVersion;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 import javax.annotation.Nullable;
-import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
 import java.net.URI;
-import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.concurrent.Future;
 
 /**
  * Provides functionality to verify and connect to a remote websocket.
  */
-public class Websocket extends Resource<Websocket> {
+public class Websocket extends Resource<Websocket> implements WebsocketClient {
     private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Websocket.class);
 
     /**
@@ -46,14 +48,8 @@ public class Websocket extends Resource<Websocket> {
      */
     public static final int MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE = 1 << 30;
 
-    static final String SUCCESS_EVENT = "websocket_success";
-    static final String FAILURE_EVENT = "websocket_failure";
-    static final String CLOSE_EVENT = "websocket_closed";
-    static final String MESSAGE_EVENT = "websocket_message";
-
     private @Nullable Future<?> executorFuture;
-    private @Nullable ChannelFuture connectFuture;
+    private @Nullable ChannelFuture channelFuture;
-    private @Nullable WeakReference<WebsocketHandle> websocketHandle;
 
     private final IAPIEnvironment environment;
     private final URI uri;
@@ -70,38 +66,6 @@ public class Websocket extends Resource<Websocket> {
         this.timeout = timeout;
     }
 
-    public static URI checkUri(String address) throws HTTPRequestException {
-        URI uri = null;
-        try {
-            uri = new URI(address);
-        } catch (URISyntaxException ignored) {
-            // Fall through to the case below
-        }
-
-        if (uri == null || uri.getHost() == null) {
-            try {
-                uri = new URI("ws://" + address);
-            } catch (URISyntaxException ignored) {
-                // Fall through to the case below
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (uri == null || uri.getHost() == null) throw new HTTPRequestException("URL malformed");
-
-        var scheme = uri.getScheme();
-        if (scheme == null) {
-            try {
-                uri = new URI("ws://" + uri);
-            } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
-                throw new HTTPRequestException("URL malformed");
-            }
-        } else if (!scheme.equalsIgnoreCase("wss") && !scheme.equalsIgnoreCase("ws")) {
-            throw new HTTPRequestException("Invalid scheme '" + scheme + "'");
-        }
-
-        return uri;
-    }
-
     public void connect() {
         if (isClosed()) return;
         executorFuture = NetworkUtils.EXECUTOR.submit(this::doConnect);
@@ -122,7 +86,7 @@ public class Websocket extends Resource<Websocket> {
             // getAddress may have a slight delay, so let's perform another cancellation check.
             if (isClosed()) return;
 
-            connectFuture = new Bootstrap()
+            channelFuture = new Bootstrap()
                 .group(NetworkUtils.LOOP_GROUP)
                 .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                 .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@@ -133,7 +97,7 @@ public class Websocket extends Resource<Websocket> {
                         var subprotocol = headers.get(HttpHeaderNames.SEC_WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL);
                         var handshaker = new NoOriginWebSocketHandshaker(
                             uri, WebSocketVersion.V13, subprotocol, true, headers,
-                            options.websocketMessage <= 0 ? MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE : options.websocketMessage
+                            options.websocketMessage() <= 0 ? MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE : options.websocketMessage()
                         );
 
                         var p = ch.pipeline();
@@ -162,12 +126,12 @@ public class Websocket extends Resource<Websocket> {
         }
     }
 
-    void success(Channel channel, Options options) {
+    void success(Options options) {
         if (isClosed()) return;
 
-        var handle = new WebsocketHandle(this, options, channel);
+        var handle = new WebsocketHandle(environment, address, this, options);
         environment().queueEvent(SUCCESS_EVENT, address, handle);
-        websocketHandle = createOwnerReference(handle);
+        createOwnerReference(handle);
 
         checkClosed();
     }
@@ -189,19 +153,35 @@ public class Websocket extends Resource<Websocket> {
         super.dispose();
 
         executorFuture = closeFuture(executorFuture);
-        connectFuture = closeChannel(connectFuture);
+        channelFuture = closeChannel(channelFuture);
-
-        var websocketHandleRef = websocketHandle;
-        var websocketHandle = websocketHandleRef == null ? null : websocketHandleRef.get();
-        IoUtil.closeQuietly(websocketHandle);
-        this.websocketHandle = null;
     }
 
-    public IAPIEnvironment environment() {
+    IAPIEnvironment environment() {
         return environment;
     }
 
-    public String address() {
+    String address() {
         return address;
     }
+
+    private @Nullable Channel channel() {
+        var channel = channelFuture;
+        return channel == null ? null : channel.channel();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void sendText(String message) {
+        environment.observe(Metrics.WEBSOCKET_OUTGOING, message.length());
+
+        var channel = channel();
+        if (channel != null) channel.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(message));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void sendBinary(ByteBuffer message) {
+        environment.observe(Metrics.WEBSOCKET_OUTGOING, message.remaining());
+
+        var channel = channel();
+        if (channel != null) channel.writeAndFlush(new BinaryWebSocketFrame(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(message)));
+    }
 }

projects/core/src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/websocket/WebsocketClient.java

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 The CC: Tweaked Developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.websocket;
+
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.HTTPRequestException;
+
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+/**
+ * A client-side websocket, which can be used to send messages to a remote server.
+ * <p>
+ * {@link WebsocketHandle} wraps this into a Lua-compatible interface.
+ */
+public interface WebsocketClient extends Closeable {
+    String SUCCESS_EVENT = "websocket_success";
+    String FAILURE_EVENT = "websocket_failure";
+    String CLOSE_EVENT = "websocket_closed";
+    String MESSAGE_EVENT = "websocket_message";
+
+    /**
+     * Determine whether this websocket is closed.
+     *
+     * @return Whether this websocket is closed.
+     */
+    boolean isClosed();
+
+    /**
+     * Close this websocket.
+     */
+    @Override
+    void close();
+
+    /**
+     * Send a text websocket frame.
+     *
+     * @param message The message to send.
+     */
+    void sendText(String message);
+
+    /**
+     * Send a binary websocket frame.
+     *
+     * @param message The message to send.
+     */
+    void sendBinary(ByteBuffer message);
+
+    /**
+     * Parse an address, ensuring it is a valid websocket URI.
+     *
+     * @param address The address to parse.
+     * @return The parsed URI.
+     * @throws HTTPRequestException If the address is not valid.
+     */
+    static URI parseUri(String address) throws HTTPRequestException {
+        URI uri = null;
+        try {
+            uri = new URI(address);
+        } catch (URISyntaxException ignored) {
+            // Fall through to the case below
+        }
+
+        if (uri == null || uri.getHost() == null) {
+            try {
+                uri = new URI("ws://" + address);
+            } catch (URISyntaxException ignored) {
+                // Fall through to the case below
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (uri == null || uri.getHost() == null) throw new HTTPRequestException("URL malformed");
+
+        var scheme = uri.getScheme();
+        if (scheme == null) {
+            try {
+                uri = new URI("ws://" + uri);
+            } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+                throw new HTTPRequestException("URL malformed");
+            }
+        } else if (!scheme.equalsIgnoreCase("wss") && !scheme.equalsIgnoreCase("ws")) {
+            throw new HTTPRequestException("Invalid scheme '" + scheme + "'");
+        }
+
+        return uri;
+    }
+}

projects/core/src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/websocket/WebsocketHandle.java

@@ -6,40 +6,34 @@ package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.websocket;
 
 import com.google.common.base.Objects;
 import dan200.computercraft.api.lua.*;
+import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.IAPIEnvironment;
 import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.options.Options;
-import dan200.computercraft.core.metrics.Metrics;
-import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
-import io.netty.channel.Channel;
-import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.BinaryWebSocketFrame;
-import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;
 
-import javax.annotation.Nullable;
-import java.io.Closeable;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Optional;
 
 import static dan200.computercraft.api.lua.LuaValues.checkFinite;
 import static dan200.computercraft.core.apis.IAPIEnvironment.TIMER_EVENT;
-import static dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.websocket.Websocket.CLOSE_EVENT;
+import static dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.websocket.WebsocketClient.CLOSE_EVENT;
-import static dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.websocket.Websocket.MESSAGE_EVENT;
+import static dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.websocket.WebsocketClient.MESSAGE_EVENT;
 
 /**
- * A websocket, which can be used to send an receive messages with a web server.
+ * A websocket, which can be used to send and receive messages with a web server.
  *
  * @cc.module http.Websocket
  * @see dan200.computercraft.core.apis.HTTPAPI#websocket On how to open a websocket.
  */
-public class WebsocketHandle implements Closeable {
+public class WebsocketHandle {
-    private final Websocket websocket;
+    private final IAPIEnvironment environment;
+    private final String address;
+    private final WebsocketClient websocket;
     private final Options options;
-    private boolean closed = false;
 
-    private @Nullable Channel channel;
+    public WebsocketHandle(IAPIEnvironment environment, String address, WebsocketClient websocket, Options options) {
-
+        this.environment = environment;
-    public WebsocketHandle(Websocket websocket, Options options, Channel channel) {
+        this.address = address;
         this.websocket = websocket;
         this.options = options;
-        this.channel = channel;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -58,7 +52,7 @@ public class WebsocketHandle implements Closeable {
     public final MethodResult receive(Optional<Double> timeout) throws LuaException {
         checkOpen();
         var timeoutId = timeout.isPresent()
-            ? websocket.environment().startTimer(Math.round(checkFinite(0, timeout.get()) / 0.05))
+            ? environment.startTimer(Math.round(checkFinite(0, timeout.get()) / 0.05))
             : -1;
 
         return new ReceiveCallback(timeoutId).pull;
@@ -78,17 +72,14 @@ public class WebsocketHandle implements Closeable {
         checkOpen();
 
         var text = message.value();
-        if (options.websocketMessage != 0 && text.length() > options.websocketMessage) {
+        if (options.websocketMessage() != 0 && text.length() > options.websocketMessage()) {
             throw new LuaException("Message is too large");
         }
 
-        websocket.environment().observe(Metrics.WEBSOCKET_OUTGOING, text.length());
+        if (binary.orElse(false)) {
-
+            websocket.sendBinary(LuaValues.encode(text));
-        var channel = this.channel;
+        } else {
-        if (channel != null) {
+            websocket.sendText(text);
-            channel.writeAndFlush(binary.orElse(false)
-                ? new BinaryWebSocketFrame(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(LuaValues.encode(text)))
-                : new TextWebSocketFrame(text));
         }
     }
 
@@ -96,25 +87,13 @@ public class WebsocketHandle implements Closeable {
      * Close this websocket. This will terminate the connection, meaning messages can no longer be sent or received
      * along it.
      */
-    @LuaFunction("close")
+    @LuaFunction
-    public final void doClose() {
+    public final void close() {
-        close();
         websocket.close();
     }
 
     private void checkOpen() throws LuaException {
-        if (closed) throw new LuaException("attempt to use a closed file");
+        if (websocket.isClosed()) throw new LuaException("attempt to use a closed file");
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void close() {
-        closed = true;
-
-        var channel = this.channel;
-        if (channel != null) {
-            channel.close();
-            this.channel = null;
-        }
     }
 
     private final class ReceiveCallback implements ILuaCallback {
@@ -127,9 +106,9 @@ public class WebsocketHandle implements Closeable {
 
         @Override
         public MethodResult resume(Object[] event) {
-            if (event.length >= 3 && Objects.equal(event[0], MESSAGE_EVENT) && Objects.equal(event[1], websocket.address())) {
+            if (event.length >= 3 && Objects.equal(event[0], MESSAGE_EVENT) && Objects.equal(event[1], address)) {
                 return MethodResult.of(Arrays.copyOfRange(event, 2, event.length));
-            } else if (event.length >= 2 && Objects.equal(event[0], CLOSE_EVENT) && Objects.equal(event[1], websocket.address()) && closed) {
+            } else if (event.length >= 2 && Objects.equal(event[0], CLOSE_EVENT) && Objects.equal(event[1], address) && websocket.isClosed()) {
                 // If the socket is closed abort.
                 return MethodResult.of();
             } else if (event.length >= 2 && timeoutId != -1 && Objects.equal(event[0], TIMER_EVENT)

projects/core/src/main/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/websocket/WebsocketHandler.java

@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@ import io.netty.handler.codec.http.FullHttpResponse;
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.*;
 import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
 
-import static dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.websocket.Websocket.MESSAGE_EVENT;
+import static dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http.websocket.WebsocketClient.MESSAGE_EVENT;
 
-public class WebsocketHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<Object> {
+class WebsocketHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<Object> {
     private final Websocket websocket;
     private final Options options;
     private boolean handshakeComplete = false;
 
-    public WebsocketHandler(Websocket websocket, Options options) {
+    WebsocketHandler(Websocket websocket, Options options) {
         this.websocket = websocket;
         this.options = options;
     }
@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ public class WebsocketHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<Object> {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {
+    public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) {
         if (evt == WebSocketClientProtocolHandler.ClientHandshakeStateEvent.HANDSHAKE_COMPLETE) {
-            websocket.success(ctx.channel(), options);
+            websocket.success(options);
             handshakeComplete = true;
         } else if (evt == WebSocketClientProtocolHandler.ClientHandshakeStateEvent.HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT) {
             websocket.failure("Timed out");

projects/core/src/test/java/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/options/AddressRuleTest.java

@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ public class AddressRuleTest {
             Action.ALLOW.toPartial()
         ));
 
-        assertEquals(apply(rules, "localhost", 8080).action, Action.ALLOW);
+        assertEquals(apply(rules, "localhost", 8080).action(), Action.ALLOW);
-        assertEquals(apply(rules, "localhost", 8081).action, Action.DENY);
+        assertEquals(apply(rules, "localhost", 8081).action(), Action.DENY);
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public class AddressRuleTest {
         "169.254.169.254", // AWS, Digital Ocean, GCP, etc..
     })
     public void blocksLocalDomains(String domain) {
-        assertEquals(apply(CoreConfig.httpRules, domain, 80).action, Action.DENY);
+        assertEquals(apply(CoreConfig.httpRules, domain, 80).action(), Action.DENY);
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public class AddressRuleTest {
         "100.63.255.255", "100.128.0.0"
     })
     public void allowsNonLocalDomains(String domain) {
-        assertEquals(apply(CoreConfig.httpRules, domain, 80).action, Action.ALLOW);
+        assertEquals(apply(CoreConfig.httpRules, domain, 80).action(), Action.ALLOW);
     }
 
     private Options apply(Iterable<AddressRule> rules, String host, int port) {

projects/core/src/test/kotlin/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/HttpServer.kt

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ object HttpServer {
     const val URL: String = "http://127.0.0.1:$PORT"
     const val WS_URL: String = "ws://127.0.0.1:$PORT/ws"
 
-    fun runServer(run: () -> Unit) {
+    fun runServer(run: (stop: () -> Unit) -> Unit) {
         val workerGroup: EventLoopGroup = NioEventLoopGroup(2)
         try {
             val ch = ServerBootstrap()
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ object HttpServer {
                     },
                 ).bind(PORT).sync().channel()
             try {
-                run()
+                run { workerGroup.shutdownGracefully() }
             } finally {
                 ch.close().sync()
             }

projects/core/src/test/kotlin/dan200/computercraft/core/apis/http/TestHttpApi.kt

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 package dan200.computercraft.core.apis.http
 
 import dan200.computercraft.api.lua.Coerced
+import dan200.computercraft.api.lua.LuaException
 import dan200.computercraft.api.lua.ObjectArguments
 import dan200.computercraft.core.CoreConfig
 import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.HTTPAPI
@@ -22,7 +23,9 @@ import org.hamcrest.Matchers.*
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.assertThrows
 import java.util.*
+import kotlin.time.Duration.Companion.milliseconds
 
 class TestHttpApi {
     companion object {
@@ -79,12 +82,36 @@ class TestHttpApi {
 
                 websocket.close()
 
+                val closeEvent = pullEventOrTimeout(500.milliseconds, "websocket_closed")
+                assertThat("No event was queued", closeEvent, equalTo(null))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `Queues an event when the socket is externally closed`() {
+        runServer { stop ->
+            LuaTaskRunner.runTest {
+                val httpApi = addApi(HTTPAPI(environment))
+                assertThat("http.websocket succeeded", httpApi.websocket(ObjectArguments(WS_URL)), array(equalTo(true)))
+
+                val connectEvent = pullEvent()
+                assertThat(connectEvent, array(equalTo("websocket_success"), equalTo(WS_URL), isA(WebsocketHandle::class.java)))
+
+                val websocket = connectEvent[2] as WebsocketHandle
+
+                stop()
+
                 val closeEvent = pullEvent("websocket_closed")
                 assertThat(
                     "Websocket was closed",
                     closeEvent,
                     array(equalTo("websocket_closed"), equalTo(WS_URL), equalTo("Connection closed"), equalTo(null)),
                 )
+
+                assertThrows<LuaException>("Throws an exception when sending") {
+                    websocket.send(Coerced("hello"), Optional.of(false))
+                }
             }
         }
     }

projects/core/src/testFixtures/kotlin/dan200/computercraft/test/core/computer/LuaTaskContext.kt

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.OSAPI
 import dan200.computercraft.core.apis.PeripheralAPI
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CancellableContinuation
 import kotlinx.coroutines.suspendCancellableCoroutine
+import kotlinx.coroutines.withTimeoutOrNull
 import kotlin.time.Duration
 
 /**
@@ -29,6 +30,9 @@ interface LuaTaskContext {
     /** Pull a Lua event */
     suspend fun pullEvent(event: String? = null): Array<out Any?>
 
+    suspend fun pullEventOrTimeout(timeout: Duration, event: String? = null): Array<out Any?>? =
+        withTimeoutOrNull(timeout) { pullEvent(event) }
+
     /** Resolve a [MethodResult] until completion, returning the resulting values. */
     suspend fun MethodResult.await(): Array<out Any?>? {
         var result = this